Minnesota Experimental City: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Proposed planned community in Minnesota, United States}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''Minnesota Experimental City''' ('''MXC''') was a proposed [[planned community]] to be located in northern [[Minnesota]] (near Swatara in [[Aitkin County]]). Proposed and studied beginning in the 1960s, it would have been constructed as a [[ |
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{{no footnotes|date=January 2014}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''Minnesota Experimental City''' ('''MXC''') was a proposed [[planned community]] to be located in northern [[Minnesota]] (near [[Swatara, Minnesota|Swatara]] in [[Aitkin County]]). Proposed and studied beginning in the 1960s, it would have been constructed as a [[public–private partnership]]. In contrast with many of the [[Model Cities Program|model cities]] of the time, the MXC was to be experimental, trying new things rather than proposing to select from the best of the existing practice. The project was initiated and directed by scientist and [[University of Minnesota]] dean [[Athelstan Spilhaus]], and reflected the confidence of that era in the ability of science and technology to solve the world's problems -- "If we could send a human into space, we could do anything"<ref name="Rose-comic-strip-2018"/> -- and concern that existing cities were failing, blighted by crime, decay and [[White flight|exodus of the well-off to the suburbs]].<ref name="Rose-comic-strip-2018">{{cite news |last1=Rose |first1=Steve |title=Minnesota Experimental City: the 1960s town based on a comic strip |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/nov/05/minnesota-experimental-city-the-1960s-town-based-on-a-comic-strip |access-date=3 September 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=5 November 2018}}</ref> |
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Supporting MXC were Otto Silha, publisher of the two largest newspapers in the state, the Minneapolis Star and Minneapolis Tribune, a four-star general; the physician of president at the time [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]; civil rights leader [[Muriel S. Snowden]]; and [[Buckminster Fuller]].<ref name="Rose-comic-strip-2018"/> MXC received approximately $250,000 in federal government funds thanks to the support of former Minnesota senator and vice-president [[Hubert Humphrey]]. The [[Boeing]] corporation, [[Ford Motor Company]] and [[Honeywell]] International Inc. "pledged to invest".<ref name="Rose-comic-strip-2018"/> |
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The city was designed for 250,000 people over {{convert|60000|acre}}. In the plan, only 1/6 of the area would be paved, the remainder would be [[Urban open space|open space]]: parks, wilderness, and farms. Under the influence of [[Buckminster Fuller]] who sat on the MXC's advisory board, the plan called for the MXC to be partially enclosed by a [[geodesic dome]]. It would contain a branch of the [[University of Minnesota]] and [[3M]] Corporation. |
The city was designed for 250,000 people over {{convert|60000|acre}}. In the plan, only 1/6 of the area would be paved, the remainder would be [[Urban open space|open space]]: parks, wilderness, and farms. Under the influence of [[Buckminster Fuller]] who sat on the MXC's advisory board, the plan called for the MXC to be partially enclosed by a [[geodesic dome]]. It would contain a branch of the [[University of Minnesota]] and [[3M]] Corporation. |
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* a [[pedestrian zone]], cars were to be parked on the edge with a [[people-mover]] connecting them to the center. An [[automated highway system]] would connect the town with the outside world. |
* a [[pedestrian zone]], cars were to be parked on the edge with a [[people-mover]] connecting them to the center. An [[automated highway system]] would connect the town with the outside world. |
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* no [[school]]s. The city itself would foster [[lifelong learning]], with everyone both a student and teacher. |
* no [[school]]s. The city itself would foster [[lifelong learning]], with everyone both a student and teacher. |
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* waterless [[toilet]]s |
* waterless [[toilet]]s. |
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==Demise== |
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The end of MXC was "abrupt".<ref name=almost/> The Minnesota legislature created a Minnesota Experimental City Authority in 1971. It was given the job of finding a site for MXC by 1973. After some months it chose undeveloped land in [[Aitkin County, Minnesota|Aitkin County]], a little over 100 miles north of Minneapolis.<ref name=almost/> Unfortunately for the proposed city, local residents became "outspoken critics", claiming the city would bring urban pollution to their area. |
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In August 1973 the Minnesota state legislature eliminated the MXC authority's funding.<ref name=almost>{{cite magazine|magazine=Smithsonian |last1=Boissoneault |first1=Lorraine |title=How a $10 Billion Experimental City Nearly Got Built in Rural Minnesota |date=29 March 2018 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-10-billion-experimental-city-nearly-got-built-rural-minnesota-180968617/ }}</ref> |
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In October 2017, roughly 50 years after talk of the city began, a documentary film about MXC, "The Experimental City", directed by Chad Freidrichs, premiered at the Chicago International Film Festival.<ref name=almost/> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Epcot]] |
* [[Epcot]] |
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* [[Arcosanti]] |
* [[Arcosanti]] |
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{{reflist}} |
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*Spilhaus, Athelstan (1967) ''The Experimental City'', in: Daedalus Vol. 96, No. 4, America's Changing Environment (Fall, 1967), pp. 1129–1141 (on JSTOR) |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://www.lakesnwoods.com/SwataraHistory.htm Swatara Minnesota History] |
* [http://www.lakesnwoods.com/SwataraHistory.htm Swatara Minnesota History] |
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* [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mnaitkin/swatara.htm#5 The Town of Swatara, Minnesota] |
* [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mnaitkin/swatara.htm#5 The Town of Swatara, Minnesota] |
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* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910587,00.html The Newest New Town] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081214084002/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910587,00.html The Newest New Town] |
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* [http://users.cybercity.dk/~ida1561/ccl-llc/roman/ch-25.htm Creating Future Learning Systems] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041204115135/http://users.cybercity.dk/~ida1561/ccl-llc/roman/ch-25.htm Creating Future Learning Systems] |
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* [http://special.lib.umn.edu/findaid/xml/naa071.xml Minnesota Experimental City papers, N71], Northwest Architectural Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries, Minneapolis, MN. |
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* [http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/mxc.pdf Minnesota Experimental City Authority Records], Minnesota Historical Society, State Archives, Saint Paul, MN. |
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* [http://scienceandfilm.org/articles/3015/the-experimental-city-director-chad-freidrichs Documentary by Chad Freidrichs about MXC] |
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{{Coord|46|53|37|N|93|40|34|W|display=title}} |
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{{coord missing|Minnesota}} |
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[[Category:History of Minnesota]] |
[[Category:History of Minnesota]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Proposed populated places in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Utopian communities]] |
[[Category:Utopian communities in the United States]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:42, 11 December 2024
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (January 2014) |
The Minnesota Experimental City (MXC) was a proposed planned community to be located in northern Minnesota (near Swatara in Aitkin County). Proposed and studied beginning in the 1960s, it would have been constructed as a public–private partnership. In contrast with many of the model cities of the time, the MXC was to be experimental, trying new things rather than proposing to select from the best of the existing practice. The project was initiated and directed by scientist and University of Minnesota dean Athelstan Spilhaus, and reflected the confidence of that era in the ability of science and technology to solve the world's problems -- "If we could send a human into space, we could do anything"[1] -- and concern that existing cities were failing, blighted by crime, decay and exodus of the well-off to the suburbs.[1]
Supporting MXC were Otto Silha, publisher of the two largest newspapers in the state, the Minneapolis Star and Minneapolis Tribune, a four-star general; the physician of president at the time Lyndon B. Johnson; civil rights leader Muriel S. Snowden; and Buckminster Fuller.[1] MXC received approximately $250,000 in federal government funds thanks to the support of former Minnesota senator and vice-president Hubert Humphrey. The Boeing corporation, Ford Motor Company and Honeywell International Inc. "pledged to invest".[1]
The city was designed for 250,000 people over 60,000 acres (24,000 ha). In the plan, only 1/6 of the area would be paved, the remainder would be open space: parks, wilderness, and farms. Under the influence of Buckminster Fuller who sat on the MXC's advisory board, the plan called for the MXC to be partially enclosed by a geodesic dome. It would contain a branch of the University of Minnesota and 3M Corporation.
Among other proposed features were:
- a pedestrian zone, cars were to be parked on the edge with a people-mover connecting them to the center. An automated highway system would connect the town with the outside world.
- no schools. The city itself would foster lifelong learning, with everyone both a student and teacher.
- waterless toilets.
Demise
[edit]The end of MXC was "abrupt".[2] The Minnesota legislature created a Minnesota Experimental City Authority in 1971. It was given the job of finding a site for MXC by 1973. After some months it chose undeveloped land in Aitkin County, a little over 100 miles north of Minneapolis.[2] Unfortunately for the proposed city, local residents became "outspoken critics", claiming the city would bring urban pollution to their area. In August 1973 the Minnesota state legislature eliminated the MXC authority's funding.[2]
In October 2017, roughly 50 years after talk of the city began, a documentary film about MXC, "The Experimental City", directed by Chad Freidrichs, premiered at the Chicago International Film Festival.[2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Rose, Steve (5 November 2018). "Minnesota Experimental City: the 1960s town based on a comic strip". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d Boissoneault, Lorraine (29 March 2018). "How a $10 Billion Experimental City Nearly Got Built in Rural Minnesota". Smithsonian.
- Spilhaus, Athelstan (1967) The Experimental City, in: Daedalus Vol. 96, No. 4, America's Changing Environment (Fall, 1967), pp. 1129–1141 (on JSTOR)
- Vivrett, Walter K. (1971) Planning For People: Minnesota Experimental City, New Community Development Vol. 1: Planning, Process, Implementation, and Emerging Social Concerns, Shirley Weiss (Ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1971.
External links
[edit]- Swatara Minnesota History
- The Town of Swatara, Minnesota
- The Newest New Town
- Creating Future Learning Systems
- Minnesota Experimental City papers, N71, Northwest Architectural Archives, University of Minnesota Libraries, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota Experimental City Authority Records, Minnesota Historical Society, State Archives, Saint Paul, MN.
- Documentary by Chad Freidrichs about MXC