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Coordinates: 11°56′S 77°4′W / 11.933°S 77.067°W / -11.933; -77.067
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{{Short description|District in Lima, Peru}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
⚫
| name = Comas
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Commas District
| native_name =
⚫
| native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish -->
| native_name = Distrito de Comas ([[Spanish language|Spanish]])
⚫
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Peru|District]]
⚫
| native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "es" for Spanish -->
| image_skyline = Centro Cívico de Comas.jpg
⚫
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Peru|District]]
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| shield_size =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map = Map of Lima highlighting Comas.PNG
⚫
| mapsize = frameless

⚫
| map_caption = Location of Comas in Lima

⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|11|56|S|77|4|W|region:PE_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}
| shield_size =
⚫
| coordinates_footnotes =
| shield_alt =
⚫
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
⚫
| nickname =
| subdivision_name = {{PER}}
| image_map = Map of Lima highlighting Comas.PNG
⚫
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Peru|Region]]
⚫
| mapsize = frameless
⚫
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lima Region|Lima]]
⚫
| map_alt =
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]]
⚫
| map_caption = Location of Commas in Lima
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lima Province|Lima]]
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|11|56|S|77|4|W|region:PE_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}}
⚫
| parts_type = [[Subnational entity|Subdivisions]]
⚫
| coordinates_footnotes =
| parts_style = para
⚫
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Peru}}
| p1 =
| established_title = Created
⚫
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Peru|Region]]
⚫
| established_date = December 12, 1961
⚫
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lima Region|Lima]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Peru|Province]]
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lima Province|Lima]]
| seat = La Libertad
⚫
| leader_party =
⚫
| parts_type = [[Subnational entity|Subdivisions]]
| parts_style = para
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
⚫
| leader_name = {{ill|Ulises Villegas|es}}<br><small>(2023-2026) </small>
| p1 =
| established_title = Created
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes =
⚫
| established_date = December 11, 1961
⚫
| area_total_km2 = 48.75
| seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
| seat = La Libertad
| area_note = 47.47 km² (without disputed area)
⚫
| elevation_footnotes =
⚫
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| elevation_m = 140
⚫
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Sin_nombre-rHCU-1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.minsa.gob.pe/reunis/data/poblacion_estimada.asp|title=Estadística Poblacional - Ministerio de Salud del Perú}}</ref>
⚫
| leader_name = Ulises Villegas<br><small>(2023-2026) </small>
| population_total = {{commas|598263}}
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2023
⚫
| population_density_km2 = auto
⚫
| area_total_km2 = 48.75
| area_note =
| population_note =
⚫
| timezone1 = [[Time in Peru|PET]]
⚫
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 140
| utc_offset1 = -5
⚫
| area_code_type = [[UBIGEO]]
⚫
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Sin_nombre-rHCU-1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.minsa.gob.pe/reunis/data/poblacion_estimada.asp|title=Estadística Poblacional - Ministerio de Salud del Perú}}</ref>
| population_total = {{commas|598263}}
| area_code = 150110
⚫
| website = [http://www.municomas.gob.pe municomas.gob.pe]
| population_as_of = 2023
⚫
| footnotes =
⚫
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
⚫
| timezone1 = [[Time in Peru|PET]]
| utc_offset1 = -5
⚫
| area_code_type =[[UBIGEO]]
| area_code = 150110
⚫
| website = [http://www.municomas.gob.pe municomas.gob.pe]
| footnotes =
}}
}}


The '''district of Commas''' s one of the forty-three districts that make up the province of [[Lima]], located in the department of the same name, in [[Perú]]. It
'''Comas''' is one of the forty-three districts that make up the [[Lima Province]] in [[Peru]], located in the department of the same name. It is located in the north area of the city. It is one of the most populous districts in Lima.

is located in the north area of the city. It is one of the most populous districts in Lima.


==Geography==
==Geography==
Commas has a total land [[area]] of 48.75&nbsp;km². Its administrative center is located 140 meters above [[sea level]].
Comas has a total land [[area]] of 48.75&nbsp;km². Its administrative center is located 140 meters above [[sea level]].


===Boundaries===
===Boundaries===
Line 67: Line 59:
* South: [[Independencia District, Lima|Independencia]]
* South: [[Independencia District, Lima|Independencia]]
* West: [[Puente Piedra District|Puente Piedra]] and [[Los Olivos District|Los Olivos]]
* West: [[Puente Piedra District|Puente Piedra]] and [[Los Olivos District|Los Olivos]]

== Borderline conflicts ==
In 1989 due to the territorial reduction of the [[San Martín de Porres District|San Martín de Porres district]] by the creation of the [[Los Olivos District|Los Olivos district]], the old industrial area of 1.28 square kilometers, which is delimited by San Bernardo, [[Pan-American Highway|Panamericana Norte]] and Gerardo Unger avenues, up to the next bank of the [[Chillón River]], and made up of Santa Luisa, Santa Rosa de Infantas, Pro Industrial IV and IX Sector III Stage urbanizations; the Municipal Human Settlement No. 02; and the housing associations José de San Martín, José Carlos Mariátegui and San Miguel, became a disputed territory between Comas and San Martin de Porres.
[[File:Zona_disputada_distrito_San_Martin_de_Porres_distrito_Comas.png|thumb|Disputed area of the Comas District and the [[San Martín de Porres District|San Martin de Porres District]].]]
The position of the district of Comas is that due to the creation of Los Olivos, the area in dispute would be annexed because it is outside the territorial continuity of San Martín de Porres. On the other hand, the district of San Martín de Porres maintains that the law creating Los Olivos does not detail any territorial transfer to Comas or Independencia, in addition to not having been an express request from the residents. It also highlights that the law creating Comas (Law No. 13757) marks its limits on the old Panamericana Norte avenue, nowadays Túpac Amaru/Gerardo Unger Avenue.
[[File:Conflicto entre serenazgo de San Martín de Porres y Comas (Lima) 2020.png|thumb|Conflict between night watchmen of San Martín de Porres and Comas.]]
The conflict also affects the municipal [[Tax|tax system]] since medium-sized and small businesses are taxed in both municipalities, however urbanizations are taxed in San Martín de Porres.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yensen |first=Erika |title=Borderline conflict between Independencia, San Martin de Porres, Comas districts |url=https://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/bitstream/handle/20.500.12404/9454/YENSEN_SALAZAR_DEMARCACION_Y_CONFLICTOS_TERRITORIALES.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |language=es-pe}}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
According to [[Peru 2005 Census|2005 census]] conducted by the [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática|INEI]], Commas has 464,745 inhabitants, a population density of 9,533.2 persons/km² and 100,950 households.
According to [[Peru 2005 Census|2005 census]] conducted by the [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática|INEI]], Comas has 464,745 inhabitants, a population density of 9,533.2 persons/km² and 100,950 households.


==History==
==History==
[[File:A street in Comas (Lima).jpg|thumb|left|A street in Comas in 1993]]
[[File:A street in Comas (Lima).jpg|thumb|left|A street in Comas in 1993]]
During its first years of existence, Commas was a ''[[pueblo joven]]'' (human settlement). Its humble beginnings were a direct result of the many organized migrations led by immigrants from the [[highland (geography)|highlands]] during the 1970s. Most of these [[peasant]]s arrived from the regions of [[Junín Region|Junín]] and [[Huancavelica Region|Huacanvelica]] in the central ''[[Geography of Peru#Andean Mountain Ranges|sierra]]'' of Peru.
During its first years of existence, Comas was a ''[[pueblo joven]]'' (human settlement). Its humble beginnings were a direct result of the many organized migrations led by immigrants from the [[highland (geography)|highlands]] during the 1970s. Most of these [[peasant]]s arrived from the regions of [[Junín Region|Junín]] and [[Huancavelica Region|Huacanvelica]] in the central ''[[Geography of Peru#Andean Mountain Ranges|sierra]]'' of Peru.
[[File:Plano Lima Metropolitana 1977.jpg|thumb|238x238px|Comas district on the map of [[Lima metropolitan area|Metropolitan Lima]] in 1977]]


==Poverty==
==Poverty==
Comas is one of the poorest districts of Lima, although in recent years it has developed into a low-middle-class residential district. In 2019, the Real Plaza shopping centre was opened. The mall has major brand stores such as [[Adidas]], [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], [[S.A.C.I. Falabella|Saga Falabella]], [[Puma (brand)|Puma]], and others.
Comas is one of the poorest districts of Lima, although in recent years it has developed into a low-middle-class residential district. In 2019, the Mall Plaza Comas shopping centre was opened. The mall has major brand stores such as [[Adidas]], [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], [[S.A.C.I. Falabella|Saga Falabella]], [[Puma (brand)|Puma]], and others.


==Transport and communications==
==Transport and communications==
Line 99: Line 99:
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Districts of Lima]]
[[Category:Comas District| ]]

Latest revision as of 08:16, 11 December 2024

Comas
District
Location of Comas in Lima
Location of Comas in Lima
Coordinates: 11°56′S 77°4′W / 11.933°S 77.067°W / -11.933; -77.067
Country Peru
RegionLima
ProvinceLima
CreatedDecember 12, 1961
CapitalLa Libertad
Government
 • MayorUlises Villegas [es]
(2023-2026)
Area
 • Total
48.75 km2 (18.82 sq mi)
 47.47 km² (without disputed area)
Elevation
140 m (460 ft)
Population
 (2023)[1]
 • Total
598,263
Time zoneUTC-5 (PET)
UBIGEO150110
Websitemunicomas.gob.pe

Comas is one of the forty-three districts that make up the Lima Province in Peru, located in the department of the same name. It is located in the north area of the city. It is one of the most populous districts in Lima.

Geography

[edit]

Comas has a total land area of 48.75 km². Its administrative center is located 140 meters above sea level.

Boundaries

[edit]

Borderline conflicts

[edit]

In 1989 due to the territorial reduction of the San Martín de Porres district by the creation of the Los Olivos district, the old industrial area of 1.28 square kilometers, which is delimited by San Bernardo, Panamericana Norte and Gerardo Unger avenues, up to the next bank of the Chillón River, and made up of Santa Luisa, Santa Rosa de Infantas, Pro Industrial IV and IX Sector III Stage urbanizations; the Municipal Human Settlement No. 02; and the housing associations José de San Martín, José Carlos Mariátegui and San Miguel, became a disputed territory between Comas and San Martin de Porres.

Disputed area of the Comas District and the San Martin de Porres District.

The position of the district of Comas is that due to the creation of Los Olivos, the area in dispute would be annexed because it is outside the territorial continuity of San Martín de Porres. On the other hand, the district of San Martín de Porres maintains that the law creating Los Olivos does not detail any territorial transfer to Comas or Independencia, in addition to not having been an express request from the residents. It also highlights that the law creating Comas (Law No. 13757) marks its limits on the old Panamericana Norte avenue, nowadays Túpac Amaru/Gerardo Unger Avenue.

Conflict between night watchmen of San Martín de Porres and Comas.

The conflict also affects the municipal tax system since medium-sized and small businesses are taxed in both municipalities, however urbanizations are taxed in San Martín de Porres.[2]

Demographics

[edit]

According to 2005 census conducted by the INEI, Comas has 464,745 inhabitants, a population density of 9,533.2 persons/km² and 100,950 households.

History

[edit]
A street in Comas in 1993

During its first years of existence, Comas was a pueblo joven (human settlement). Its humble beginnings were a direct result of the many organized migrations led by immigrants from the highlands during the 1970s. Most of these peasants arrived from the regions of Junín and Huacanvelica in the central sierra of Peru.

Comas district on the map of Metropolitan Lima in 1977

Poverty

[edit]

Comas is one of the poorest districts of Lima, although in recent years it has developed into a low-middle-class residential district. In 2019, the Mall Plaza Comas shopping centre was opened. The mall has major brand stores such as Adidas, Nike, Saga Falabella, Puma, and others.

Transport and communications

[edit]

There are 3 main roads serving the district: Túpac Amaru avenue, Universitaria avenue and the Chillón-Trapiche Highway.

Today

[edit]

In the last decade Comas' economy, infrastructure, and social structure has grown at a very fast pace. It boasts a large middle-class, and has grown from a pueblo joven (human senttlement) in a very short period of time. However, in spite of this visible progress; it's still exhibiting vast swathes of new pueblos jovenes growing around the area that is today's Comas.

The only civil aviation school in Peru was located in Comas, at the Aeroclub de Collique.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Estadística Poblacional - Ministerio de Salud del Perú".
  2. ^ Yensen, Erika. "Borderline conflict between Independencia, San Martin de Porres, Comas districts" (PDF) (in Spanish).
[edit]
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