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{{Short description|Annual Fair in India, Uttarakhand}} |
{{Short description|Annual Fair in India, Uttarakhand}} |
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{{Infobox recurring event |
{{Infobox recurring event |
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| name = Uttarayani Fair |
| name = Uttarayani Fair |
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| native_name = ''Uttarayani Mela'' |
| native_name = ''Uttarayani Mela'' |
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| image = Uttarayani_Fair.png |
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| caption = View of the Uttarayani Fair |
| caption = View of the Uttarayani Fair |
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| status = Annually |
| status = Annually |
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The Uttarayani Fair, also known as the Uttarayani Mela, is an annual Fair celebrated in the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region of [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-15 |title=Uttarayani fair in Bageshwar kickstarts with cultural splendour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarayani-fair-in-bageshwar-kickstarts-with-cultural-splendour/articleshow/106849736.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> marking the auspicious occasion of [[Makar Sankranti]]. This festival takes place in the second week of January, the most significant celebration occurs at [[Bageshwar]], where the fair is held along the banks of the sacred [[Sarju|Saryu]] and [[Gomti River|Gomti]] rivers, particularly at the [[Bagnath Temple]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nanda |date=2019-01-08 |title=Uttarayani Fair Bageshwar {{!}} Mythology, Event, Festival Info {{!}} Uttarayani Mela |url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/uttarayani-fair-bageshwar.php?form=MG0AV3#google_vignette |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=www.euttaranchal.com |language=en}}</ref> |
The Uttarayani Fair, also known as the Uttarayani Mela, is an annual Fair celebrated in the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region of [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-15 |title=Uttarayani fair in Bageshwar kickstarts with cultural splendour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarayani-fair-in-bageshwar-kickstarts-with-cultural-splendour/articleshow/106849736.cms |access-date=2024-12-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> marking the auspicious occasion of [[Makar Sankranti]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Storytrails |date=2023-01-14 |title=Makar Sankranti: A Chronicle of Calendars |url=https://storytrails.in/culture/makar-sankranti-a-chronicle-of-calendars/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=Storytrails |language=en-US}}</ref>This festival takes place in the second week of January, the most significant celebration occurs at [[Bageshwar]], where the fair is held along the banks of the sacred [[Sarju|Saryu]] and [[Gomti River|Gomti]] rivers, particularly at the [[Bagnath Temple]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nanda |date=2019-01-08 |title=Uttarayani Fair Bageshwar {{!}} Mythology, Event, Festival Info {{!}} Uttarayani Mela |url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/uttarayani-fair-bageshwar.php?form=MG0AV3#google_vignette |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=www.euttaranchal.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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The term "Uttarayani" |
The term "Uttarayani" comes from two [[Sanskrit]] words: Uttara, which means "north," and Ayana, which means "movement" or "path."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=What & When Is Uttarayan? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/historical-current-events/uttarayan/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=Dictionary.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Uttarayani refers to the sun's northward journey as it moves from the Tropic of Capricorn to the Tropic of Cancer. This astronomical event signifies the end of the winter solstice and the start of longer days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Significance of Uttarayana |url=https://isha.sadhguru.org/en/wisdom/article/significance-uttarayana |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=isha.sadhguru.org |language=en}}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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In 1921, Pandit [[Badri Datt Pandey|Badri Dutt Pandey]], a key leader from the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region associated with the Kumaun Parishad, visited the fair to mobilize local peasants against the oppressive begar system implemented by the [[British Empire|British colonial]] administration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pathak |first=Shekhar |date=2021-01-12 |title=A hundred years ago, a fiery speech in Uttarakhand escalated the protests against forced labour |url=https://scroll.in/article/983754/a-hundred-years-ago-a-fiery-speech-in-uttarakhand-escalated-the-protests-against-forced-labour |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Badri dutt Pandey's speech at the uttarayani fair in 1921 |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/digital-district-repository/district-repository/badri-dutt-pandeys-speech-uttarayani-fair-1921 |website=IndianCulturegov.in}}</ref>His speeches rallied community support for social justice and resistance. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] also visited the fair during his journey to Kumaon in I929. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tree |first=Kafal |date=2019-01-20 |title=Glimpses of Bageshwar Uttarayani Fair |url=https://kafaltree.com/bageshwar-uttarayani-mela-photos-english/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Kafal Tree |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandhi's visit to kumaon in 1929 |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/digital-district-repository/district-repository/mahatma-gandhis-visit-kausani-1929 |website=Indianculturegov.in}}</ref> |
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== Legends and Folklores == |
== Legends and Folklores == |
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Local folklore suggests that the fair is celebrated where it is believed that Lord Shiva<ref>{{Cite web |title=Himalayas, the Abode of Lord Shiva |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/himalayas-the-abode-of-lord-shiva-part-ii/story-FyZkGUd1UMmW51rqUm9E8N.html |website=Hindustan.com}}</ref>once roamed as a tiger, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagnath Temple, Bageshwar: A Spiritual Journey to Lord Shiva's Abode |url=https://helloprabhu.com/bagnath-temple-bageshwar-uttrakhand/#:~:text=Explore%20the%20ancient%20Bagnath,bless%20him.&text=Temple%20in%20Bageshwar,%20Uttarakhand,,bless%20him.&text=Lord%20Shiva%20appeared%20in,bless%20him.&text=form%20of%20a%20tiger,bless%20him. |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=helloprabhu.com |language=en}}</ref>particularly in the vicinity of the sacred [[Sarju|Saryu]] River. According to the locals, the sage [[Markandeya]] is thought to have prayed to Lord Shiva at this site, asking for blessings and guidance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagnath Temple Travel Guide 2024 {{!}} Bageshwar - Uttarakhand Guide |url=https://uttarakhandguide.com/packages/bagnath-temple/#:~:text=According%20to%20legends%20and,his%20presence.&text=is%20a%20place%20where,his%20presence.&text=Shiva.%20Happy%20and%20pleased,his%20presence.&text=manifested%20in%20Bagh%20%E2%80%9CTiger%E2%80%9D,his%20presence. |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Uttarakhand State {{!}} Tourism Guide {{!}} Details of all places |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Temple dedicated to the lord shiva on the festive of Uttarayani fair |url=https://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/destination/bageshwar?form=MG0AV3 |website=Uttrakhand Tourism}}</ref> |
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== Cultural Performances == |
== Cultural Performances == |
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[[File:Cholliyar.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Traditional dances during the fair]] |
[[File:Cholliyar.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Traditional dances during the fair]] |
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Folk artists perform traditional songs and dances, including [[Chholiya|chholiyas]], [[Jhora|Jhoras]], Chancharis, and Bairas,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarayani Festival in Uttarakhand - Popular Festival of Uttarakhand |url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/uttarakhand/uttarayani-festival.html#:~:text=The%20sight%20of%20the,the%20fair.&text=completely%20enjoy%20the%20festival,the%20fair.&text=celebration.%20People%20also%20take,the%20fair.&text=well%20as%20the%20body.,the%20fair. |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=www.tourmyindia.com}}</ref> |
Folk artists perform traditional songs and dances, including [[Chholiya|chholiyas]], [[Jhora|Jhoras]], Chancharis, and Bairas,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarayani Festival in Uttarakhand - Popular Festival of Uttarakhand |url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/uttarakhand/uttarayani-festival.html#:~:text=The%20sight%20of%20the,the%20fair.&text=completely%20enjoy%20the%20festival,the%20fair.&text=celebration.%20People%20also%20take,the%20fair.&text=well%20as%20the%20body.,the%20fair. |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=www.tourmyindia.com}}</ref>. In addition to musical performances, the fair showcases local cuisines, featuring festive dishes to the Uttarayani celebrations, such as the sweet delicacy Ghughute, which is specifically made for this occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-15 |title=All About Ghughutiya and Kumaon's Uttarayani Mela |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/travel/all-about-ghughutiya-and-kumaon-s-uttarayani-mela-news-30813#:~:text=Talking%20in%20an%20innocent,traditional%20palate.&text=garlands%20of%20sweetmeats%20of,traditional%20palate.&text=day%20of%20frolicking%20and,traditional%20palate.&text=the%20elders%20rummage%20through,traditional%20palate. |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Products == |
== Products == |
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| ⚫ | During the Fair, a variety of goods are traded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bageshwar News: उत्तरायणी मेले में इस बार कम बिके हस्तशिल्पियों के उत्पाद |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/bageshwar/handicrafts-products-sold-less-this-time-in-uttarayani-fair-bageshwar-news-c-231-1-shld1004-3804-2024-01-21 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>Local artisans showcase their skills, offering handcrafted products like pottery, bamboo baskets, and metalwork items.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History Of Uttarayani Fair |url=https://issuu.com/pujabisht_07/docs/uttrkhand_ppt.pptx/s/23316901#:~:text=If%20you%20are%20at,many%20more.&text=locals%E2%80%99%20lifestyle%20and%20one,many%20more.&text=local%20shops%20at%20the,many%20more.&text=here.%20Some%20of%20them,many%20more. |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Issuu |language=en}}</ref> These metalworks often include utensils, decorative objects, and traditional musical instruments made from iron, copper, and brass. Textiles are another major commodity at the fair. Merchants from distant regions, including [[Tibet]] and [[Nepal]], bring a wide range of woolen products, such as blankets and durries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarayani Fair: Uttarayani Fair |url=https://kumaon.gov.in/pages/display/88-uttarayani-fair#:~:text=Among%20the%20things%20bought,Its%20commercial,&text=sold%20are%20blankets,%20durries,,Its%20commercial,&text=&%20bamboo%20articles.%20The,Its%20commercial,&text=at%20Bageshwar%20attracts%20maximum,Its%20commercial, |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=kumaon.gov.in}}</ref> A variety of food items are being sold by the farmers including pulses, seeds, and spices from the hilly regions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nanda |date=2019-01-08 |title=Uttarayani Fair Bageshwar {{!}} Mythology, Event, Festival Info {{!}} Uttarayani Mela |url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/uttarayani-fair-bageshwar.php#:~:text=Things%20you%20can%20buy,carpets,%20spices&text=at%20Uttarayani%20fair%20are,carpets,%20spices&text=blankets,%20shawl,%20bamboo%20articles,,carpets,%20spices&text=and%20copper%20utensils,%20mattresses,,carpets,%20spices |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=www.euttaranchal.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2023-01-20 |title=Bageshwar Uttarayani Mela: मेले में लगा विकास प्रदर्शनी, किसानों के उत्पादों ने लोगों का ध्यान खींचा |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/uttarakhand/state/bageswar/farmers-products-center-of-attraction-in-uttarayani-mela/uttarakhand20230120192811698698980 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref> |
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[[File:Carpets selling at the Uttarayani Fair.jpg|thumb|296x296px|Merchants selling carpets at the Uttarayani Fair]] |
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== Locations == |
== Locations == |
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The Uttarayani fair is mostly held in the towns of [[Nainital]], [[Haldwani]], [[Almora]], [[Pithoragarh]], and [[Haridwar]], as well as in regions such as [[Bageshwar]], Rameshwar, Sult Mahadev, Ranibagh, and Hanseshwar. The Fair is also celebrated in [[Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-12 |title=uttarayani fair in bareilly uttar pradesh hindi news |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/up/governor-of-maharashtra-will-inaugurate-uttarayani-fair-in-bareilly-uttar-pradesh-hindi-news-sht |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The famous Uttarayani fair will start from 13 Jan in Bareilly |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/bareily/story-bareilly-famous-uttarayani-fair-starts-on-january-13-this-time-it-will-be-special-2942738.html |work=LiveHindustan.com}}</ref> |
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== Religious Sites == |
== Religious Sites == |
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[[File:Bagnath Temple, Bageshwar.jpg|thumb|Bagnath temple during the Uttarayani Fair ]]The most prominent site during the Uttarayani Fair is the [[Bagnath Temple]] in [[Bageshwar]], |
[[File:Bagnath Temple, Bageshwar.jpg|thumb|Bagnath temple during the Uttarayani Fair ]]The most prominent site during the Uttarayani Fair is the [[Bagnath Temple]] in [[Bageshwar]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagnath temple at Bagnath |url=https://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/destination/bageshwar |website=Uttarakhand Tourism}}</ref>which serves as the main location for the fair and is known for its association with [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ahlawat.vinod |date=2024-09-26 |title=Uttarayani Fair - |url=https://tichr.in/uttarayani-fair/#:~:text=The%20Uttarayani%20Fair%20is,longer%20days.&text=it%20celebrates%20the%20movement,longer%20days.&text=from%20Dakshinayan%20(southward%20movement,longer%20days.&text=shift%20is%20considered%20auspicious,longer%20days. |access-date=2024-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> In addition to [[Badrinath Temple]], devotees also visit local temples and shrines dedicated to various deities, such as the Rameshwar and Sult Mahadev temples, and sites like the Chitrashila and Hanseshwar on the Utarayani day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarayani Fair: Uttarayani Fair |url=https://kumaon.gov.in/pages/display/88-uttarayani-fair |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=kumaon.gov.in}}</ref> The banks of the Saryu and Gomti rivers are also considered a sacred location, where devotees perform ritualistic holy dips, believed to purify the soul and provide spiritual benefits.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sangeeta |date=2013-04-10 |title=Significance of the Holy Dip in Hinduism |url=https://lifeisavacation.in/2013/04/10/mystery-of-the-holy-dip/#:~:text=Ida,%20Pingala%20and%20Sushumna,to%20intuition.&text=in%20the%20Ajna%20Chakra,to%20intuition.&text=forehead%20between%20the%20brows),to%20intuition.&text=the%20point%20which%20opens,to%20intuition. |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Life is a Vacation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghughutiya/Makar Sankranti Festival of Uttarakhand |url=https://colorsofuttarakhand.com/festivals/ghughutiya-makar-sankranti/#:~:text=Taking%20a%20dip%20in,immense%20significance.&text=holy%20rivers,%20especially%20in,immense%20significance.&text=of%20the%20Ganges%20and,immense%20significance.&text=Bageshwar,%20is%20a%20ritual,immense%20significance. |access-date=2024-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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| Uttarayani Fair Uttarayani Mela | |
|---|---|
| Status | Annually |
| Date(s) | Starts on the Second week of January (around January 14); Peak: last 5 days |
| Location(s) | Kumaon Division, Uttarakhand, India |
| Country |  India |
| Participants | Hindu pilgrims |
| Attendance | > 200,000 |
| Activity | Folk music and dances; Exhibition of copper vessels, bamboo articles, carpets, blankets, and traditional food items. |
The Uttarayani Fair, also known as the Uttarayani Mela, is an annual Fair celebrated in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India,[1] marking the auspicious occasion of Makar Sankranti. [2]This festival takes place in the second week of January, the most significant celebration occurs at Bageshwar, where the fair is held along the banks of the sacred Saryu and Gomti rivers, particularly at the Bagnath Temple.[3]
Etymology
[edit]The term "Uttarayani" comes from two Sanskrit words: Uttara, which means "north," and Ayana, which means "movement" or "path."[4] Uttarayani refers to the sun's northward journey as it moves from the Tropic of Capricorn to the Tropic of Cancer. This astronomical event signifies the end of the winter solstice and the start of longer days.[5]
History
[edit]In 1921, Pandit Badri Dutt Pandey, a key leader from the Kumaon region associated with the Kumaun Parishad, visited the fair to mobilize local peasants against the oppressive begar system implemented by the British colonial administration.[6] [7]His speeches rallied community support for social justice and resistance. Mahatma Gandhi also visited the fair during his journey to Kumaon in I929. [8][9]
Legends and Folklores
[edit]Local folklore suggests that the fair is celebrated where it is believed that Lord Shiva[10]once roamed as a tiger, [11]particularly in the vicinity of the sacred Saryu River. According to the locals, the sage Markandeya is thought to have prayed to Lord Shiva at this site, asking for blessings and guidance.[12] [13]
Cultural Performances
[edit]
Folk artists perform traditional songs and dances, including chholiyas, Jhoras, Chancharis, and Bairas,[14]. In addition to musical performances, the fair showcases local cuisines, featuring festive dishes to the Uttarayani celebrations, such as the sweet delicacy Ghughute, which is specifically made for this occasion.[15]
Products
[edit]During the Fair, a variety of goods are traded.[16]Local artisans showcase their skills, offering handcrafted products like pottery, bamboo baskets, and metalwork items.[17] These metalworks often include utensils, decorative objects, and traditional musical instruments made from iron, copper, and brass. Textiles are another major commodity at the fair. Merchants from distant regions, including Tibet and Nepal, bring a wide range of woolen products, such as blankets and durries.[18] A variety of food items are being sold by the farmers including pulses, seeds, and spices from the hilly regions.[19][20]
Locations
[edit]The Uttarayani fair is mostly held in the towns of Nainital, Haldwani, Almora, Pithoragarh, and Haridwar, as well as in regions such as Bageshwar, Rameshwar, Sult Mahadev, Ranibagh, and Hanseshwar. The Fair is also celebrated in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.[21][22]
Religious Sites
[edit]
The most prominent site during the Uttarayani Fair is the Bagnath Temple in Bageshwar,[23]which serves as the main location for the fair and is known for its association with Lord Shiva.[24] In addition to Badrinath Temple, devotees also visit local temples and shrines dedicated to various deities, such as the Rameshwar and Sult Mahadev temples, and sites like the Chitrashila and Hanseshwar on the Utarayani day.[25] The banks of the Saryu and Gomti rivers are also considered a sacred location, where devotees perform ritualistic holy dips, believed to purify the soul and provide spiritual benefits.[26][27]
References
[edit]- ^ "Uttarayani fair in Bageshwar kickstarts with cultural splendour". The Times of India. 2024-01-15. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ Storytrails (2023-01-14). "Makar Sankranti: A Chronicle of Calendars". Storytrails. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
- ^ Nanda (2019-01-08). "Uttarayani Fair Bageshwar | Mythology, Event, Festival Info | Uttarayani Mela". www.euttaranchal.com. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ "What & When Is Uttarayan?". Dictionary.com. 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
- ^ "The Significance of Uttarayana". isha.sadhguru.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
- ^ Pathak, Shekhar (2021-01-12). "A hundred years ago, a fiery speech in Uttarakhand escalated the protests against forced labour". Scroll.in. Retrieved 2024-12-06.
- ^ "Badri dutt Pandey's speech at the uttarayani fair in 1921". IndianCulturegov.in.
- ^ Tree, Kafal (2019-01-20). "Glimpses of Bageshwar Uttarayani Fair". Kafal Tree. Retrieved 2024-12-06.
- ^ "Gandhi's visit to kumaon in 1929". Indianculturegov.in.
- ^ "Himalayas, the Abode of Lord Shiva". Hindustan.com.
- ^ "Bagnath Temple, Bageshwar: A Spiritual Journey to Lord Shiva's Abode". helloprabhu.com. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ "Bagnath Temple Travel Guide 2024 | Bageshwar - Uttarakhand Guide". Uttarakhand State | Tourism Guide | Details of all places. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ "Temple dedicated to the lord shiva on the festive of Uttarayani fair". Uttrakhand Tourism.
- ^ "Uttarayani Festival in Uttarakhand - Popular Festival of Uttarakhand". www.tourmyindia.com. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ "All About Ghughutiya and Kumaon's Uttarayani Mela". Outlook India. 2022-01-15. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ "Bageshwar News: उत्तरायणी मेले में इस बार कम बिके हस्तशिल्पियों के उत्पाद". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ "History Of Uttarayani Fair". Issuu. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ "Uttarayani Fair: Uttarayani Fair". kumaon.gov.in. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
- ^ Nanda (2019-01-08). "Uttarayani Fair Bageshwar | Mythology, Event, Festival Info | Uttarayani Mela". www.euttaranchal.com. Retrieved 2024-12-07.
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