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{{short description|Car wheel manufacturer}}
{{Short description|German car wheel manufacturer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG
| name = BBS Autotechnik GmbH
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Schiltach]], Germany
| type = Public
| logo = BBS logo.svg
| former_name = BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG (1970–2021)
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|DE0005196232}}
⚫
| foundation = 1970
| logo = 4 BBS Logo Claim de 4c.jpg
⚫
| founders = {{Unbulleted list|Heinrich Baumgartner|Klaus Brand}}
| image = BBS Luftansicht Schiltach.TIF
| location = [[Fichtenberg (Württemberg)|Fichtenberg]], Germany
⚫
| foundation = 1970; {{Age|1970|1|1}} years ago
⚫
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list | Jurgen Klingelmeyer (Germany) | Craig Donnelly (USA) | Kenny Baynes (USA) | Jesse Hemans (USA) }}
⚫
| founder = {{Unbulleted list|Heinrich Baumgartner|Klaus Brand}}
| industry = [[Manufacturing]]
| location = [[Schiltach]], Germany (Global)
[[Braselton, Georgia]] (United States)
⚫
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list | Jurgen Klingelmeyer (Germany) | Erwin Eigel (Germany) | Craig Donnelly (USA) | Kenny Baynes (USA) | Jesse Hemans (USA) }}
| industry = [[Automobile]] manufacturing
| num_employees = 1,200
| num_employees = 1,200
| parent = [[KW automotive|KW automotive GmbH]] (2021-)
| parent = [[KW Automotive]]
| products = [[Alloy wheel]]s
| products = [[Rim (wheel)|Wheel rims]]
| revenue = {{increase}} {{Euro|163 million|link=yes}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{Euro|163 million|link=yes}}
| revenue_year = 2006
| revenue_year = 2006
| homepage = {{url|www.bbs.com}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://bbs.com/en/home|bbs.com}}
}}
}}


'''BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]]''' (English: BBS Automotive Technology AG) is a high-performance [[Car|automobile]] wheel design company headquartered in [[Schiltach]], [[Germany]]. BBS produces wheels for [[motorsport]], [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEM]], and [[Automotive aftermarket|aftermarket]] applications. The company is often credited as pioneering the [[Wheel construction#Methods of multi-piece wheel construction|three-piece wheel]] and advancing the [[Alloy wheel|aluminum wheel]] industry over many decades, and remains one of the largest producers of automobile wheels in the world.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gerould |first=Bryan |date=2020-07-29 |title=Well spoken: A brief history of BBS wheels |url=https://www.hagerty.co.uk/articles/well-spoken-a-brief-history-of-bbs-wheels/ |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=Hagerty Media |language=en-US}}</ref>
'''BBS Autotechnik GmbH''', formerly known as '''BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]]''' (English: BBS Autotechnique GmbH, previously BBS Automotive Technology AG), is a high-performance [[Car|automobile]] wheel design company headquartered in [[Schiltach]], [[Germany]]. BBS produces wheels for [[motorsport]], [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEM]], and [[Automotive aftermarket|aftermarket]] applications. The company is often credited as pioneering the [[Wheel construction#Methods of multi-piece wheel construction|three-piece wheel]] and advancing the [[Alloy wheel|aluminum wheel]] industry over many decades, and remains one of the largest producers of automobile wheels in the world.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gerould |first=Bryan |date=2020-07-29 |title=Well spoken: A brief history of BBS wheels |url=https://www.hagerty.co.uk/articles/well-spoken-a-brief-history-of-bbs-wheels/ |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=Hagerty Media |language=en-US}}</ref> It is a part of [[KW Automotive]] since 2021.


The company employs approximately 1,200 employees worldwide (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=BKS3:FRA|title=BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG, BKS3:FRA profile - FT.com|website=markets.ft.com|language=en-us|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> BBS trades on the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] (Symbol: BKS3) with a market capitalization of €8.15M.<ref>[http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=BKS3.DE Yahoo! Finance UK]. Retrieved on 8 March 2007</ref>
The company employs approximately 1,200 employees worldwide (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/profile?s=BKS3:FRA|title=BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG, BKS3:FRA profile - FT.com|website=markets.ft.com|language=en-us|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> BBS was traded on the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]] (Symbol: BKS3) with a market capitalization of €8.15M.<ref>[http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=BKS3.DE Yahoo! Finance UK]. Retrieved on 8 March 2007</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
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BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG began in 1970 in [[Schiltach]], Germany, by Heinrich Baumgartner and Klaus Brand as a manufacturing plant for plastic auto body parts. The initials BBS are based on the last names of the two founders and the city in which the company was founded (Baumgartner, Brand, Schiltach).<ref name="BBS">[http://www.bbs.com BBS Homepage]. Retrieved on 8 March 2007</ref>
BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG began in 1970 in [[Schiltach]], Germany, by Heinrich Baumgartner and Klaus Brand as a manufacturing plant for plastic auto body parts. The initials BBS are based on the last names of the two founders and the city in which the company was founded (Baumgartner, Brand, Schiltach).<ref name="BBS">[http://www.bbs.com BBS Homepage]. Retrieved on 8 March 2007</ref>


In 1972, BBS pioneered the development of a three-piece racing wheel, a revolution in [[motorsport]] design.<ref name="BBS" /> This original wheel was called the BBS Mahle, named as such due to its partnership with [[Mahle GmbH|Mahle]] for manufacturing.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=How The Legendary BBS Rims Came To Be |url=https://dyler.com/blog/393/how-the-legendary-bbs-rims-came-to-be |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=dyler.com |language=en}}</ref> By 1975, BBS had developed the popular cross-spoke design and the [[Die casting|counter pressure process]]. BBS entered into a technical cooperation agreement in 1990 with [[ASA (wheels)|ASA]], a Korean company that was starting wheel production.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: ASA Alloy Wheel :: |url=http://www.asaalloywheel.com/company/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20081010221843/http://www.asaalloywheel.com/company/overview.html |archive-date=10 October 2008 |access-date=23 April 2009}}</ref> In 1993, BBS merged the gap between their three-piece forged wheel and one-piece cast wheel with the two-piece design found in the RSII, defining BBS as a pioneer in one-, two-, and three-piece wheels. BBS developed a magnesium forged wheel in 1994 for motorsports use, especially in Formula One, which was over 20% lighter than the standard cast aluminum wheels. In 1995, BBS developed the first one-piece flow-formed cast wheel, with the use of [[Finite element method|FEM]] analysis. The first hollow-spoke wheel was also developed by BBS, in collaboration with [[Porsche]] and [[KUKA|Kuka]], in 2000.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport. |url=https://www.bbs.com/en/company/history |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=www.bbs.com}}</ref> Many of the design elements that BBS has developed and popularized over the years have gone on to be replicated in the automotive and aftermarket industry, such as stepped-[[Rim (wheel)|lip]] barrels, Y-shaped spokes, colored [[center cap]]s, and [[Lug nut|lug]] covers.<ref name=":1" />
In 1972, BBS pioneered the development of a three-piece racing wheel, a revolution in [[motorsport]] design.<ref name="BBS" /> This original wheel was called the BBS Mahle, named as such due to its partnership with [[Mahle GmbH|Mahle]] for manufacturing.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=How The Legendary BBS Rims Came To Be |url=https://dyler.com/blog/393/how-the-legendary-bbs-rims-came-to-be |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=dyler.com |language=en}}</ref> By 1975, BBS had developed the popular cross-spoke design and the [[Die casting|counter pressure process]]. BBS entered into a technical cooperation agreement in 1990 with [[ASA (wheels)|ASA]], a Korean company that was starting wheel production.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: ASA Alloy Wheel :: |url=http://www.asaalloywheel.com/company/overview.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20081010221843/http://www.asaalloywheel.com/company/overview.html |archive-date=10 October 2008 |access-date=23 April 2009}}</ref> In 1993, BBS merged the gap between their three-piece forged wheel and one-piece cast wheel with the two-piece design found in the RSII, defining BBS as a pioneer in one-, two-, and three-piece wheels. BBS developed a [[Magnesium wheels|magnesium forged wheel]] in 1994 for motorsports use, especially in Formula One, which was over 20% lighter than the standard cast aluminum wheels. In 1995, BBS developed the first one-piece flow-formed cast wheel, with the use of [[Finite element method|FEM]] analysis. The first hollow-spoke wheel was also developed by BBS, in collaboration with [[Porsche]] and [[KUKA|Kuka]], in 2000.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport. |url=https://www.bbs.com/en/company/history |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=www.bbs.com}}</ref> Many of the design elements that BBS has developed and popularized over the years have gone on to be replicated in the automotive and aftermarket industry, such as stepped-[[Rim (wheel)|lip]] barrels, Y-shaped spokes, colored [[center cap]]s, and [[Lug nut|lug]] covers.<ref name=":1" />


In May 1987, BBS had its [[initial public offering]], and continues to be traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
In May 1987, BBS had its [[initial public offering]], and continues to be traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.


In 2007, the primary country where BBS sourced aluminum from, Guinea, experienced political unrest which caused market prices for aluminum to increase dramatically.<ref name=":2" /> This significantly affected the company's business and revenue, leading to bankruptcy for BBS and being taken over by the Belgian firm [[Punch International]].<ref name="punchinternational.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.punchinternational.com/web/tpl1.asp?hmain=1844&stype=N&customer=1&ut=L&nid=2181&nlang=E |title=Punch takes over leading wheel manufacturer BBS |publisher=Punch International |date=29 June 2007 |access-date=11 April 2008}}</ref> In July 2015, South Korean firm [[Nice Corp]] became the majority owner.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vwvortex.com/aftermarket-and-industry-news/nice-holdings-co-becomes-majority-shareholder-of-bbs-gmbh/ |title=NICE Holdings Co. Becomes Majority Shareholder of BBS GmbH |first=Will |last=Barber |website=VWVortex |date=2 June 2015 |access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> In 2020, BBS automotive GmbH filed for insolvency, but was acquired by [[KW automotive|KW automotive GmbH]] in March 2021, a multinational automotive [[Car suspension|suspension]] parts company.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheel Manufacturer BBS Has Gone Bankrupt|url=https://www.carthrottle.com/post/wheel-manufacturer-bbs-has-gone-bankrupt/|access-date=20 July 2020|website=Car Throttle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport. |url=https://www.bbs.com/en/news/2021/acquisition-of-bbs |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=www.bbs.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-06 |title=KW automotive Group acquires manufacturer BBS |url=https://blog-int.kwautomotive.net/kw-automotive-group-plans-to-acquire-manufacturer-bbs/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=KW Automotive Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> In partnership with KW, BBS has since unveiled new partnerships and endeavors, such as BBS Unlimited, a way to customize and order countless configurations of wheels, rather than relying on only model-specific offerings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport. |url=https://www.bbs.com/en/news/2022/bbs-unlimited |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=www.bbs.com}}</ref>
In 2007, the primary country where BBS sourced aluminum from, Guinea, experienced political unrest which caused market prices for aluminum to increase dramatically.<ref name=":2" /> This significantly affected the company's business and revenue, leading to bankruptcy for BBS and being taken over by the Belgian firm [[Punch International]].<ref name="punchinternational.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.punchinternational.com/web/tpl1.asp?hmain=1844&stype=N&customer=1&ut=L&nid=2181&nlang=E |title=Punch takes over leading wheel manufacturer BBS |publisher=Punch International |date=29 June 2007 |access-date=11 April 2008}}</ref> In July 2015, South Korean firm [[Nice Corp]] became the majority owner.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vwvortex.com/aftermarket-and-industry-news/nice-holdings-co-becomes-majority-shareholder-of-bbs-gmbh/ |title=NICE Holdings Co. Becomes Majority Shareholder of BBS GmbH |first=Will |last=Barber |website=VWVortex |date=2 June 2015 |access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> In 2020, BBS Automotive GmbH filed for insolvency, but was acquired by [[KW Automotive]] in March 2021, a multinational automotive [[Car suspension|suspension]] parts company.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wheel Manufacturer BBS Has Gone Bankrupt|url=https://www.carthrottle.com/post/wheel-manufacturer-bbs-has-gone-bankrupt/|access-date=20 July 2020|website=Car Throttle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport. |url=https://www.bbs.com/en/news/2021/acquisition-of-bbs |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=www.bbs.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-06 |title=KW automotive Group acquires manufacturer BBS |url=https://blog-int.kwautomotive.net/kw-automotive-group-plans-to-acquire-manufacturer-bbs/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=KW Automotive Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>

In partnership with KW, BBS has since unveiled new partnerships and endeavors, such as BBS Unlimited, a way to customize and order countless configurations of wheels, rather than relying on only model-specific offerings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS Unlimited |url=https://bbs.com/en/news/2023/bbs-unlimited |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=www.bbs.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS Unlimited Revealed at SEMA 2022 |url=https://bbs-usa.com/news/article/72367/BBS_Unlimited_Revealed_at_SEMA_2022/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=bbs-usa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=BBS Unveils a Universal Fitment "BBS Unlimited" CI-R Wheel |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/bbs-unlimited-fitment-ci-r-wheel-universal-fitment/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=MotorTrend |language=en}}</ref> BBS unveiled a new wheel technology named Fortega in January 2023 at the Tokyo Auto Salon. The Fortega line of wheels utilizes a new proprietary aluminum alloy which was developed over a period of 10 years, which is stronger and more rigid with 10% lighter weight than conventional aluminum alloys, especially for high-weight [[electric vehicle]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=時代に合わせた新素材を開発！ BBSホイールは未来を見据える…東京オートサロン2023 |url=https://response.jp/article/2023/01/16/366414.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=レスポンス（Response.jp） |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FORTEGA {{!}} BBS OFFICIAL WEBSITE ENGLISH |url=https://bbs-japan.co.jp/en/fortega/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |language=ja}}</ref>


== Technology ==
== Technology ==
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In modern times, BBS engineered the Air Inside Technology (AIT) in 2002, where hollow chambers are created within the wheel structure to compensate for the small air volume in modern ultra-low-profile tires, reduce [[Unsprung mass|unsprung weight]], improve [[Automobile handling|handling]] dynamics, and increase [[fuel efficiency]] without sacrificing [[strength of materials|strength]] and [[Stiffness|rigidity]]. This innovation earned BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik the [[Automechanika]] Innovation Award 2006 in the [[Car tuning|tuning]] segment.<ref>[http://automechanika.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/presse-center_news.html?guid=mf_ddsp147_9647&show_date_detail=yes& Automechanika Innovation Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026081424/http://automechanika.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/presse-center_news.html?guid=mf_ddsp147_9647&show_date_detail=yes& |date=26 October 2007 }} 16 August 2006. Retrieved on 8 March 2007</ref>
In modern times, BBS engineered the Air Inside Technology (AIT) in 2002, where hollow chambers are created within the wheel structure to compensate for the small air volume in modern ultra-low-profile tires, reduce [[Unsprung mass|unsprung weight]], improve [[Automobile handling|handling]] dynamics, and increase [[fuel efficiency]] without sacrificing [[strength of materials|strength]] and [[Stiffness|rigidity]]. This innovation earned BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik the [[Automechanika]] Innovation Award 2006 in the [[Car tuning|tuning]] segment.<ref>[http://automechanika.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/presse-center_news.html?guid=mf_ddsp147_9647&show_date_detail=yes& Automechanika Innovation Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026081424/http://automechanika.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/presse-center_news.html?guid=mf_ddsp147_9647&show_date_detail=yes& |date=26 October 2007 }} 16 August 2006. Retrieved on 8 March 2007</ref>


BBS continues to produce one-, two-, and three-piece forged wheels out of aluminum and magnesium alloys, as well as high performance flow-formed wheels and low-pressure cast wheels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS USA - Technology Through Motorsports - Braselton, GA - Technology |url=https://bbs-usa.com/expertise/technology/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=bbs-usa.com}}</ref> BBS also actively uses specialized quality and weight optimization methods, such as [[Milling (machining)|CNC back-milled]] [[spoke]]s, [[X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy|x-ray inspection]], [[Finite element method|FEM]] analysis, [[Shear forming|flow-forming]], ceramic [[Polishing (metalworking)|polishing]], [[stainless steel]] lip bumpers, and [[Heat treating|heat treatment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS USA - Technology Through Motorsports - Braselton, GA - Processes and Features |url=https://bbs-usa.com/expertise/processes/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=bbs-usa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport. |url=https://www.bbs.com/en/technology |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=www.bbs.com}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="148" perrow="2">
BBS continues to produce one-, two-, and three-piece forged wheels out of aluminum and magnesium alloys, as well as high performance flow-formed wheels and low-pressure cast wheels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS USA - Technology Through Motorsports - Braselton, GA - Technology |url=https://bbs-usa.com/expertise/technology/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=bbs-usa.com}}</ref> BBS also actively uses specialized quality and weight optimization methods, such as [[Milling (machining)|CNC back-milled]] [[spoke]]s, [[X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy|x-ray inspection]], [[Finite element method|FEM]] analysis, [[Shear forming|flow-forming]], ceramic [[Polishing (metalworking)|polishing]], [[stainless steel]] lip bumpers, and [[Heat treating|heat treatment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS USA - Technology Through Motorsports - Braselton, GA - Processes and Features |url=https://bbs-usa.com/expertise/processes/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=bbs-usa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport. |url=https://www.bbs.com/en/technology |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=www.bbs.com}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="148" perrow="4">
File:Materialprobe BBS.jpg|Metal sampling during manufacturing at BBS
File:Materialprobe BBS.jpg|Metal sampling during manufacturing at BBS
File:Lackierung BBS.tif|Finishing process at BBS
File:Lackierung BBS.tif|Finishing process at BBS
File:BBS Wheel Stamp Meanings.jpg|BBS wheel stamp diagram (1: BBS brand, 2: wheel offset, 3: wheel model, 4: JWL standard certification, 5: wheel size, 6: country of manufacture)
</gallery>
</gallery>


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BBS has a long history in the world of motorsport, having produced wheels for [[Formula One]], the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]], [[IndyCar Series|IndyCar]], [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]], [[NASCAR]], [[World Touring Car Championship]], and other racing series from as early as 1972. The company pioneered technologies in the production of racing wheels and in making wheels lighter and stronger for race usage.
BBS has a long history in the world of motorsport, having produced wheels for [[Formula One]], the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]], [[IndyCar Series|IndyCar]], [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]], [[NASCAR]], [[World Touring Car Championship]], and other racing series from as early as 1972. The company pioneered technologies in the production of racing wheels and in making wheels lighter and stronger for race usage.


Japanese company Washibeam Co., Ltd. manufactures the BBS F1 Magnesium wheel and all racing aluminum wheels.<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ono-group.co.jp%2Fhome%2Fgroup%2Fwashi_mai%2Findex.html&langpair=ja%7Cen&hl=en&ie=UTF8 Washibeam manufacturing BBS wheels]</ref> Since BBS is a customer of Washibeam, manufacture of the wheel will not be discontinued if BBS goes bankrupt.<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbs-japan.co.jp%2Finfo%2Finformation.html&langpair=ja%7Cen&hl=en&ie=UTF8 BBS is an exclusive customer for Washibeam]</ref>
In 2012, BBS Motorsport & Engineering GmbH, the racing division of BBS, became independent under the Japanese Ono Group (Washi Kosan) and moved to [[Haslach im Kinzigtal|Haslach]] from Schiltach. Production of all BBS forged racing wheels continues in Japan. Japanese company Washibeam Co., Ltd. manufactures the BBS F1 Magnesium wheel and all racing aluminum wheels.<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ono-group.co.jp%2Fhome%2Fgroup%2Fwashi_mai%2Findex.html&langpair=ja%7Cen&hl=en&ie=UTF8 Washibeam manufacturing BBS wheels]</ref> Since BBS is a customer of Washibeam, manufacture of the wheel will not be discontinued if BBS goes bankrupt.<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbs-japan.co.jp%2Finfo%2Finformation.html&langpair=ja%7Cen&hl=en&ie=UTF8 BBS is an exclusive customer for Washibeam]</ref>

In 2012, BBS Motorsport & Engineering GmbH, the racing division of BBS, became independent under the Japanese Ono Group (Washi Kosan) and moved to [[Haslach im Kinzigtal|Haslach]] from Schiltach. Production of all BBS forged racing wheels continues in Japan.


The company is the largest supplier of wheels for [[IndyCar Series]] and the main supplier of [[Formula One]] teams.<ref name="BBS" /> BBS has also supplied wheels for the [[NASCAR Cup Series]] starting in 2022, when the [[Next Gen (NASCAR)|Next Gen]] car made its debut.<ref name="NASCAR">{{cite web |last=Albert |first=Zack |date=2 March 2020 |title=NASCAR moving to single lug-nut design for Next Gen car |url=https://www.nascar.com/news-media/2020/03/02/nascar-single-lug-nut-design-wheel-next-gen-car/ |access-date=3 March 2020 |website=NASCAR}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="148">
The company is the largest supplier of wheels for [[IndyCar Series]] and the main supplier of [[Formula One]] teams.<ref name="BBS" /> BBS has also supplied wheels for the [[NASCAR Cup Series]] starting in 2022, when the [[Next Gen (NASCAR)|Next Gen]] car made its debut.<ref name="NASCAR">{{cite web |last=Albert |first=Zack |date=2 March 2020 |title=NASCAR moving to single lug-nut design for Next Gen car |url=https://www.nascar.com/news-media/2020/03/02/nascar-single-lug-nut-design-wheel-next-gen-car/ |access-date=3 March 2020 |website=NASCAR}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="148">
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== OEM applications ==
== OEM applications ==
BBS has and continues to supply [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEM]] wheel applications to a number of automobile brands. In street vehicles, their products can be seen on brands such as [[BMW]], [[Porsche]], [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Audi]], [[Ferrari]], [[Maserati]], [[Mitsubishi]], [[Mazda]], [[Rolls-Royce Motor Cars|Rolls-Royce]], [[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]], [[Infiniti]], [[Renault]], [[Saab Automobile|Saab]], [[Subaru]], [[Volkswagen]], [[Toyota]], and [[Volvo Cars|Volvo]]. [[Lexus]] began using BBS wheels on its [[Lexus IS F|IS-F]] when launched in 2008, updating the design for the 2010 model year and again for 2012.
BBS has and continues to supply [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEM]] wheel applications to a number of automobile brands. In road vehicles, their products can be seen on brands such as [[BMW]], [[Porsche]], [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Audi]], [[Ferrari]], [[Maserati]], [[Bentley]], [[Rolls-Royce Motor Cars|Rolls-Royce]], [[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]], [[Lexus]], [[Infiniti]], [[Toyota]], [[Mitsubishi]], [[Mazda]], [[Renault]], [[Saab Automobile|Saab]], [[Subaru]], [[Volkswagen]], and [[Volvo Cars|Volvo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=OEM Wheels - BBS USA |url=https://bbs-usa.com/oem/?subj=oem |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=bbs-usa.com}}</ref>

The highest performance specification of multiple supercars and hypercars, such as the [[Ferrari 360#Challenge Stradale|Ferrari 360 Challenge Stradale]], [[Lexus LFA#Nürburgring package|Lexus LFA Nürburgring Edition]], [[Porsche 918 Spyder#Weissach Package|Porsche 918 Spyder Weissach Package]], and [[Ford GT#Heritage edition|Ford GT Heritage Edition]] all feature specially-made wheels by BBS.<ref name=":1" />


The RS cross-spoke design, which superficially resembles a [[wire wheel]], was common on many European [[sports car]]s produced from the 1980s to the early 1990s. This design was noticeably lighter in weight compared to many other styles of the time.<gallery widths="200" heights="148">
The RS cross-spoke design, which superficially resembles a [[wire wheel]], was common on many European [[sports car]]s produced from the 1980s to the early 1990s. This design was noticeably lighter in weight compared to many other styles of the time.<gallery widths="200" heights="148">
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== Aftermarket ==
== Aftermarket ==
With the popularization of BBS wheels in the 1970's by motorsports teams and luxury automobile manufacturers such as BMW and Porsche, the demand for BBS wheels in the [[Automotive aftermarket|aftermarket]] began to grow.
With the popularization of BBS wheels in the 1970's by motorsports teams and luxury automobile manufacturers such as BMW and Porsche, the demand for BBS wheels in the [[Automotive aftermarket|aftermarket]] began to grow.


The three-piece RS released in 1977 was one of the most popular BBS-produced wheels for automobile manufacturers,<ref>{{Cite web |title=All BBS wheel styles &#124; BBSwheels.info |url=https://www.bbswheels.info/en/rim-models/bbs-rs}}</ref> and soon after became a popular aftermarket wheel which was often [[replica]]ted by other manufacturers. In 1987, BBS released their first one-piece forged wheel, the RG, based on the same wire-wheel design as the RS. In 1992, the RSII was released, their first two-piece wheel. In 1994, the LM was released, a two-piece wheel based on the design of Le Mans race wheels of the era.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LM {{!}} BBS OFFICIAL WEBSITE ENGLISH |url=https://bbs-japan.co.jp/en/products/1142/ |access-date=2023-04-03 |language=ja}}</ref> In 2011, the RI-D was released, the world's first wheel made of [[duralumin]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=RI-D {{!}} BBS OFFICIAL WEBSITE ENGLISH |url=https://bbs-japan.co.jp/en/products/1108/ |access-date=2023-04-03 |language=ja}}</ref>
The three-piece RS released in 1977 was one of the most popular BBS-produced wheels for automobile manufacturers,<ref>{{Cite web |title=All BBS wheel styles &#124; BBSwheels.info |url=https://www.bbswheels.info/en/rim-models/bbs-rs}}</ref> and soon after became a popular aftermarket wheel which was often [[replica]]ted by other manufacturers. In 1987, BBS released their first one-piece forged wheel, the RG, based on the same wire-wheel design as the RS. In 1992, the RSII was released, their first two-piece wheel. In 1994, the LM was released, a two-piece wheel based on the design of Le Mans race wheels of the era.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LM {{!}} BBS OFFICIAL WEBSITE ENGLISH |url=https://bbs-japan.co.jp/en/products/1142/ |access-date=2023-04-03 |language=ja}}</ref> In 2011, the RI-D was released, the world's first wheel made of [[duralumin]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=RI-D {{!}} BBS OFFICIAL WEBSITE ENGLISH |url=https://bbs-japan.co.jp/en/products/1108/ |access-date=2023-04-03 |language=ja}}</ref>
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BBS currently produces the Forged Line, Performance Line, and Design Line of aftermarket wheels. The Forged Line consists of one-, two-, and three-piece die-forged wheels. The Performance Line consists of one-piece flow-formed wheels, while the Design Line consists of one-piece cast wheels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Product Overview - Road Wheels - BBS USA |url=https://bbs-usa.com/road_wheels/ |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=bbs-usa.com}}</ref> Within these lines, different road and track wheels are focused on either performance design, motorsport design, utility design, or classic design, to offer customers a wheel with specific emphasis on certain characteristics for performance, weight, strength, or aesthetics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheels Program |url=https://bbs.com/en/products |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=bbs.com}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="148">
BBS currently produces the Forged Line, Performance Line, and Design Line of aftermarket wheels. The Forged Line consists of one-, two-, and three-piece die-forged wheels. The Performance Line consists of one-piece flow-formed wheels, while the Design Line consists of one-piece cast wheels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Product Overview - Road Wheels - BBS USA |url=https://bbs-usa.com/road_wheels/ |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=bbs-usa.com}}</ref> Within these lines, different road and track wheels are focused on either performance design, motorsport design, utility design, or classic design, to offer customers a wheel with specific emphasis on certain characteristics for performance, weight, strength, or aesthetics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wheels Program |url=https://bbs.com/en/products |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=bbs.com}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="148">
File:Tuning World Bodensee 2018, Friedrichshafen (OW1A0625).jpg|BBS CC-R on display at [[:de:Tuning_World_Bodensee|Tuning World Bodensee]] 2018
File:Tuning World Bodensee 2018, Friedrichshafen (OW1A0625).jpg|BBS CC-R on display at [[:de:Tuning World Bodensee|Tuning World Bodensee]] 2018
File:Porsche 911 GT2 (997) - Flickr - Alexandre Prévot (1).jpg|[[Porsche 911 GT2#997 generation|Porsche 911 GT2 (997)]] with aftermarket BBS E88 wheels
File:Porsche 911 GT2 (997) - Flickr - Alexandre Prévot (1).jpg|[[Porsche 911 GT2#997 generation|Porsche 911 GT2 (997)]] with aftermarket BBS E88 wheels
File:Tuning World Bodensee 2018, Friedrichshafen (OW1A0109).jpg|BBS CH-R II wheel on demo vehicle at Tuning World Bodensee 2018
File:Tuning World Bodensee 2018, Friedrichshafen (OW1A0109).jpg|BBS CH-R II wheel on demo vehicle at Tuning World Bodensee 2018
File:Toyota GR Supra with BBS Wheels.jpg|[[Toyota GR Supra]] with aftermarket BBS CH-R wheels
</gallery>

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="145" perrow="6">
File:1994 Nissan Skyline GT-R V-Spec II N1 no.10, front left.jpg|alt=
File:1995 BMW 525i Sport, UK (front) (22484472771).jpg|alt=
File:BBS CK014 Octavia 1Z.jpg|alt=
File:Embedded World 2014 Porsche 997 GT3 Cup.jpg|alt=
File:1993 Jaguar XJ220 in Monza Red, front left (BBS).jpg|alt=
File:2011-03-04 Autosalon Genf 1206.JPG|alt=
File:Porsche 911 GT3 R Hybrid wheel.jpg|alt=
File:Bridgestone Potenza F1 Rear Tire.JPG|alt=
File:BBS CV004.jpg|alt=
File:BBS rim Gazoo Racing Toyota GT86 (7480076242).jpg|alt=
File:Flap and left front tire of the Muscle Milk Team Porsche RS Spyder.jpg|alt=
File:Porsche 956 962 Group C endurance racer (6268287177).jpg|alt=
</gallery>
</gallery>


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== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.bbs.com}}
* {{Official website|https://bbs.com/en/home}}
* [https://bbs-usa.com/ USA website]
* [https://bbs-japan.co.jp/ Japan website]
* [http://www.ausmotive.com/2008/05/16/bbs-wheels.html BBS promotional video showing manufacturing processes]


{{Automotive industry in Germany}}
{{Automotive industry in Germany}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bbs Kraftfahrzeugtechnik Ag}}
[[Category:Auto parts suppliers of Germany]]
[[Category:Auto parts suppliers of Germany]]
[[Category:Wheel manufacturers]]
[[Category:Wheel manufacturers]]
[[Category:Automotive motorsports and performance companies]]
[[Category:Automotive motorsports and performance companies]]
[[Category:Companies based in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Companies based in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:German brands]]
[[Category:German brands]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in Germany]]
[[Category:German companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:1980s initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:Automotive companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:Automotive companies established in 1970]]
[[Category:2021 mergers and acquisitions]]

Latest revision as of 22:13, 11 December 2024

BBS Autotechnik GmbH
FormerlyBBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG (1970–2021)
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryManufacturing
Founded1970
Founders
  • Heinrich Baumgartner
  • Klaus Brand
HeadquartersFichtenberg, Germany
Key people
  • Jurgen Klingelmeyer (Germany)
  • Craig Donnelly (USA)
  • Kenny Baynes (USA)
  • Jesse Hemans (USA)
ProductsWheel rims
RevenueIncrease €163 million (2006)
Number of employees
1,200
ParentKW Automotive
Websitebbs.com

BBS Autotechnik GmbH, formerly known as BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG (English: BBS Autotechnique GmbH, previously BBS Automotive Technology AG), is a high-performance automobile wheel design company headquartered in Schiltach, Germany. BBS produces wheels for motorsport, OEM, and aftermarket applications. The company is often credited as pioneering the three-piece wheel and advancing the aluminum wheel industry over many decades, and remains one of the largest producers of automobile wheels in the world.[1] It is a part of KW Automotive since 2021.

The company employs approximately 1,200 employees worldwide (2018).[2] BBS was traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Symbol: BKS3) with a market capitalization of €8.15M.[3]

History

[edit]
Finishing facility in Herbolzheim, Germany

BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG began in 1970 in Schiltach, Germany, by Heinrich Baumgartner and Klaus Brand as a manufacturing plant for plastic auto body parts. The initials BBS are based on the last names of the two founders and the city in which the company was founded (Baumgartner, Brand, Schiltach).[4]

In 1972, BBS pioneered the development of a three-piece racing wheel, a revolution in motorsport design.[4] This original wheel was called the BBS Mahle, named as such due to its partnership with Mahle for manufacturing.[5] By 1975, BBS had developed the popular cross-spoke design and the counter pressure process. BBS entered into a technical cooperation agreement in 1990 with ASA, a Korean company that was starting wheel production.[6] In 1993, BBS merged the gap between their three-piece forged wheel and one-piece cast wheel with the two-piece design found in the RSII, defining BBS as a pioneer in one-, two-, and three-piece wheels. BBS developed a magnesium forged wheel in 1994 for motorsports use, especially in Formula One, which was over 20% lighter than the standard cast aluminum wheels. In 1995, BBS developed the first one-piece flow-formed cast wheel, with the use of FEM analysis. The first hollow-spoke wheel was also developed by BBS, in collaboration with Porsche and Kuka, in 2000.[7] Many of the design elements that BBS has developed and popularized over the years have gone on to be replicated in the automotive and aftermarket industry, such as stepped-lip barrels, Y-shaped spokes, colored center caps, and lug covers.[1]

In May 1987, BBS had its initial public offering, and continues to be traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

In 2007, the primary country where BBS sourced aluminum from, Guinea, experienced political unrest which caused market prices for aluminum to increase dramatically.[5] This significantly affected the company's business and revenue, leading to bankruptcy for BBS and being taken over by the Belgian firm Punch International.[8] In July 2015, South Korean firm Nice Corp became the majority owner.[9] In 2020, BBS Automotive GmbH filed for insolvency, but was acquired by KW Automotive in March 2021, a multinational automotive suspension parts company.[10][11][12]

In partnership with KW, BBS has since unveiled new partnerships and endeavors, such as BBS Unlimited, a way to customize and order countless configurations of wheels, rather than relying on only model-specific offerings.[13][14][15] BBS unveiled a new wheel technology named Fortega in January 2023 at the Tokyo Auto Salon. The Fortega line of wheels utilizes a new proprietary aluminum alloy which was developed over a period of 10 years, which is stronger and more rigid with 10% lighter weight than conventional aluminum alloys, especially for high-weight electric vehicles.[16][17]

Technology

[edit]

The multi-stage forging process used by BBS wheels is complex in that it uses multiple stages of compression at 8,000 to 10,000 tons of pressure to densify the wheel blank, while being heated to over 400 °C (750 °F) between steps. This process achieves an ideal material structure with high density and strength, which allows for lightweight and thin milling.[18]

In modern times, BBS engineered the Air Inside Technology (AIT) in 2002, where hollow chambers are created within the wheel structure to compensate for the small air volume in modern ultra-low-profile tires, reduce unsprung weight, improve handling dynamics, and increase fuel efficiency without sacrificing strength and rigidity. This innovation earned BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik the Automechanika Innovation Award 2006 in the tuning segment.[19]

BBS continues to produce one-, two-, and three-piece forged wheels out of aluminum and magnesium alloys, as well as high performance flow-formed wheels and low-pressure cast wheels.[20] BBS also actively uses specialized quality and weight optimization methods, such as CNC back-milled spokes, x-ray inspection, FEM analysis, flow-forming, ceramic polishing, stainless steel lip bumpers, and heat treatment.[21][22]

  • Metal sampling during manufacturing at BBS
    Metal sampling during manufacturing at BBS
  • Finishing process at BBS
    Finishing process at BBS
  • BBS wheel stamp diagram (1: BBS brand, 2: wheel offset, 3: wheel model, 4: JWL standard certification, 5: wheel size, 6: country of manufacture)
    BBS wheel stamp diagram (1: BBS brand, 2: wheel offset, 3: wheel model, 4: JWL standard certification, 5: wheel size, 6: country of manufacture)

Motorsports

[edit]

BBS has a long history in the world of motorsport, having produced wheels for Formula One, the 24 Hours of Le Mans, IndyCar, DTM, NASCAR, World Touring Car Championship, and other racing series from as early as 1972. The company pioneered technologies in the production of racing wheels and in making wheels lighter and stronger for race usage.

In 2012, BBS Motorsport & Engineering GmbH, the racing division of BBS, became independent under the Japanese Ono Group (Washi Kosan) and moved to Haslach from Schiltach. Production of all BBS forged racing wheels continues in Japan. Japanese company Washibeam Co., Ltd. manufactures the BBS F1 Magnesium wheel and all racing aluminum wheels.[23] Since BBS is a customer of Washibeam, manufacture of the wheel will not be discontinued if BBS goes bankrupt.[24]

The company is the largest supplier of wheels for IndyCar Series and the main supplier of Formula One teams.[4] BBS has also supplied wheels for the NASCAR Cup Series starting in 2022, when the Next Gen car made its debut.[25]

OEM applications

[edit]

BBS has and continues to supply OEM wheel applications to a number of automobile brands. In road vehicles, their products can be seen on brands such as BMW, Porsche, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Ferrari, Maserati, Bentley, Rolls-Royce, Jaguar, Lexus, Infiniti, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Mazda, Renault, Saab, Subaru, Volkswagen, and Volvo.[26]

The highest performance specification of multiple supercars and hypercars, such as the Ferrari 360 Challenge Stradale, Lexus LFA Nürburgring Edition, Porsche 918 Spyder Weissach Package, and Ford GT Heritage Edition all feature specially-made wheels by BBS.[1]

The RS cross-spoke design, which superficially resembles a wire wheel, was common on many European sports cars produced from the 1980s to the early 1990s. This design was noticeably lighter in weight compared to many other styles of the time.

Aftermarket

[edit]

With the popularization of BBS wheels in the 1970's by motorsports teams and luxury automobile manufacturers such as BMW and Porsche, the demand for BBS wheels in the aftermarket began to grow.

The three-piece RS released in 1977 was one of the most popular BBS-produced wheels for automobile manufacturers,[27] and soon after became a popular aftermarket wheel which was often replicated by other manufacturers. In 1987, BBS released their first one-piece forged wheel, the RG, based on the same wire-wheel design as the RS. In 1992, the RSII was released, their first two-piece wheel. In 1994, the LM was released, a two-piece wheel based on the design of Le Mans race wheels of the era.[28] In 2011, the RI-D was released, the world's first wheel made of duralumin.[29]

The market of BBS as an aftermarket wheel producer surged in 1983 with the inception of global sales by the company. Rather than selling primarily in Europe, or to OEMs and motorsports teams only, BBS broadened their scope to include sales in the Americas with the founding of BBS of America in 1983, in France with BBS France Co. S.A., and in Japan with BBS Japan Co. Ltd. with partner Washi Beam Co. These companies could then sell not only to their respective domestic automobile manufacturers and motorsports teams, but also to their general regional public.[7]

BBS currently produces the Forged Line, Performance Line, and Design Line of aftermarket wheels. The Forged Line consists of one-, two-, and three-piece die-forged wheels. The Performance Line consists of one-piece flow-formed wheels, while the Design Line consists of one-piece cast wheels.[30] Within these lines, different road and track wheels are focused on either performance design, motorsport design, utility design, or classic design, to offer customers a wheel with specific emphasis on certain characteristics for performance, weight, strength, or aesthetics.[31]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Gerould, Bryan (29 July 2020). "Well spoken: A brief history of BBS wheels". Hagerty Media. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  2. ^ "BBS Kraftfahrzeugtechnik AG, BKS3:FRA profile - FT.com". markets.ft.com. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  3. ^ Yahoo! Finance UK. Retrieved on 8 March 2007
  4. ^ a b c BBS Homepage. Retrieved on 8 March 2007
  5. ^ a b "How The Legendary BBS Rims Came To Be". dyler.com. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  6. ^ ":: ASA Alloy Wheel ::". Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
  7. ^ a b "BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport". www.bbs.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  8. ^ "Punch takes over leading wheel manufacturer BBS". Punch International. 29 June 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2008.
  9. ^ Barber, Will (2 June 2015). "NICE Holdings Co. Becomes Majority Shareholder of BBS GmbH". VWVortex. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  10. ^ "Wheel Manufacturer BBS Has Gone Bankrupt". Car Throttle. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  11. ^ "BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport". www.bbs.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  12. ^ "KW automotive Group acquires manufacturer BBS". KW Automotive Blog. 6 March 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  13. ^ "BBS Unlimited". www.bbs.com. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  14. ^ "BBS Unlimited Revealed at SEMA 2022". bbs-usa.com. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  15. ^ "BBS Unveils a Universal Fitment "BBS Unlimited" CI-R Wheel". MotorTrend. 27 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  16. ^ "時代に合わせた新素材を開発！ BBSホイールは未来を見据える…東京オートサロン2023". レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  17. ^ "FORTEGA | BBS OFFICIAL WEBSITE ENGLISH" (in Japanese). Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  18. ^ "BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport". www.bbs.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  19. ^ Automechanika Innovation Awards Archived 26 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine 16 August 2006. Retrieved on 8 March 2007
  20. ^ "BBS USA - Technology Through Motorsports - Braselton, GA - Technology". bbs-usa.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  21. ^ "BBS USA - Technology Through Motorsports - Braselton, GA - Processes and Features". bbs-usa.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  22. ^ "BBS Wheels - Home - Technology from motorsport". www.bbs.com. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  23. ^ Washibeam manufacturing BBS wheels
  24. ^ BBS is an exclusive customer for Washibeam
  25. ^ Albert, Zack (2 March 2020). "NASCAR moving to single lug-nut design for Next Gen car". NASCAR. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  26. ^ "OEM Wheels - BBS USA". bbs-usa.com. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  27. ^ "All BBS wheel styles | BBSwheels.info".
  28. ^ "LM | BBS OFFICIAL WEBSITE ENGLISH" (in Japanese). Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  29. ^ "RI-D | BBS OFFICIAL WEBSITE ENGLISH" (in Japanese). Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  30. ^ "Product Overview - Road Wheels - BBS USA". bbs-usa.com. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  31. ^ "Wheels Program". bbs.com. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
[edit]
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