Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Sailing at the Olympics}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}} |
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{{Infobox Olympic Sailing |
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{{Infobox Olympic event |
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|year = 1932 |
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|event = Sailing |
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|image = [[File:Xth Olympiad Los Angeles Bronze tablet Yachting.png|190px]] |
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|games = 1932 Summer |
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|caption = Xth Olympiad Los Angeles Bronze tablet Yachting |
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|image = Xth Olympiad Los Angeles Bronze tablet Yachting.png |
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|caption = Xth Olympiad Los Angeles Bronze tablet Yachting |
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|dates = First race: {{Start date|df=yes|1932|08|05}}<br>Last race: {{End date|df=yes|1932|08|12}} |
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|venues = [[Port of Los Angeles|Los Angeles Harbor]] |
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|sailors = 57 |
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|dates = First race: {{Start date|df=yes|1932|08|05}}<br />Last race: {{End date|df=yes|1932|08|12}} |
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|nations = 11 |
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|competitors = 57 |
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|teams = 23 |
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|team_descriptor = Boats |
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|gold1 = 2 |
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|nations = 11 |
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|prev = [[Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928]] |
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|bronze1 = 0 |
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|next = [[Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936]] |
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|NOC2 = SWE |
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|gold2 = 1 |
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|silver2 = 1 |
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|bronze2 = 1 |
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|NOC3 = FRA |
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|gold3 = 1 |
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|silver3 = 0 |
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|bronze3 = 0 |
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|prev = [[Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics|1928]] |
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|next = [[Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics|1936]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''[[Sailing|Sailing/Yachting]]''' is an [[Olympic sport]] starting from the Games of the 1st [[Olympiad]] ([[Sailing at the 1896 Summer Olympics|1896 Olympics]] in Athens [[Greece]]). With the exception of [[1904 Summer Olympics|1904]] and possible [[1916 Summer Olympics|1916]] sailing was always a part of the Olympic program. The Sailing program of 1932 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class races were scheduled from 5–12 August directly off the [[Port of Los Angeles|Los Angeles Harbor]] on the Pacific Ocean. |
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[[Sailing (sport)|Sailing/Yachting]] is an [[Olympic sport]] starting from the Games of the 1st [[Olympiad]] ([[Sailing at the 1896 Summer Olympics|1896 Olympics]] in Athens [[Greece]]). With the exception of [[1904 Summer Olympics|1904]] and the canceled [[1916 Summer Olympics]], sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1932 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class races were scheduled from 5–12 August directly off the [[Port of Los Angeles|Los Angeles Harbor]] on the Pacific Ocean. |
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== Venue <ref name="A" />== |
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== Venue == |
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Source:<ref name="A" /> |
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{{Infobox building |
{{Infobox building |
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| name = Los Angeles Harbor |
| name = Los Angeles Harbor |
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| status = complete |
| status = complete |
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| image = Angels Gate light.jpg |
| image = Angels Gate light.jpg |
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| caption = |
| caption = Entrance to the Los Angeles Harbor. <br />On the right the courses of the Snowbird were laid. To the left those of the other three classes. |
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| altitude = Sealevel |
| altitude = Sealevel |
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| building_type = Olympic harbor |
| building_type = Olympic harbor |
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| Line 44: | Line 37: | ||
| location_town = [[Los Angeles, California]] |
| location_town = [[Los Angeles, California]] |
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| location_country = {{flag|United States}} |
| location_country = {{flag|United States}} |
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| iso_region = US |
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| pushpin_map = California |
| pushpin_map = California |
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| map_caption = 1932 Olympic harbor |
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| coordinates = {{coord|33|42|30.5|N|118|15|06.0|W|region:US|display=inline,title}} |
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| coordinates_display = both |
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| latd = 33 |latm = 42 |lats = 30.5 |latNS = N |
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| longd = 118 |longm = 15 |longs = 06.0 |longEW = W |
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| start_date = 1910 |
| start_date = 1910 |
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| |
| completion_date = 1913 |
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| opened_date = 1913 |
| opened_date = 1913 |
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| inauguration_date = |
| inauguration_date = |
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| floor_area = |
| floor_area = |
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| architect = |
| architect = |
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| seating_type = |
| seating_type = |
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| seating_capacity = |
| seating_capacity = |
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| Line 62: | Line 52: | ||
=== Los Angeles Harbor === |
=== Los Angeles Harbor === |
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{{ |
{{Blockquote|text=The Xth Olympiad Yachting events were raced in the [[Pacific Ocean]] directly off the [[Port of Los Angeles]], over a course used for the past eight years in local yachting. This course was selected because of its suitability for wind conditions, its freedom from [[tides]] and [[Ocean current|swift currents]], and the clearness of its waters, with the added advantage of offering spectators a full view from the [[Point Fermin Light|Point Fermin headlands]]. Constant winds were assured as in this locality the trade wind comes up about mid-day, bringing with it a true westerly wind varying from |
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eight to fifteen knots in velocity.|sign=Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles|source=''Official Report of the Games of the X Olympiad''<ref name="A" />}} |
eight to fifteen knots in velocity.|sign=Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles|source=''Official Report of the Games of the X Olympiad''<ref name="A" />}} |
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=== Sea breeze === |
=== Sea breeze === |
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Due to the predicted [[Sea breeze]] in Los Angeles Harbor it was decided to race the [[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snowbird]]s in the lighter morning breezes. However during the mornings there was virtually no wind at all. |
Due to the predicted [[Sea breeze]] in Los Angeles Harbor it was decided to race the [[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snowbird]]s in the lighter morning breezes. However, during the mornings there was virtually no wind at all. Therefore, some races of the Snowbird were sailed in the afternoon in heavy conditions. Luckily no [[capsize|capsizing]] took place. It also gave issues for those sailors who were competing not only in the Snowbird but also in one of the other classes. |
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{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
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=== Course areas |
=== Course areas === |
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The courses had been well prepared. The marks were laid by the [[United States Lighthouse Service]] in the form of large Government buoys, and kelp beds under the lee of Point Fermin were marked by the [[United States Navy Department]] as restricted area. Visiting yachts were kept at a safe distance from the racing boats by the [[US Coast Guard]]. Tows were arranged by the US Navy to and from [[Port of Los Angeles |
The courses had been well prepared. The marks were laid by the [[United States Lighthouse Service]] in the form of large Government buoys, and kelp beds under the lee of Point Fermin were marked by the [[United States Navy Department]] as restricted area. Visiting yachts were kept at a safe distance from the racing boats by the [[US Coast Guard]]. Tows were arranged by the US Navy to and from [[Port of Los Angeles|Los Angeles Harbor]] to the race area's. On the Pacific side of the [[San Pedro Bay (California)#Breakwater|San Pedro Breakwater]] the Star, 6 Metre and 8 Metre yachts had their races. Those classes had to pass the [[Los Angeles Harbor Light|Angels Gate light]] in order to reach the course area. The Snowbird stayed inside the breakwater to protect them from the [[Swell (ocean)|ocean swell]].<ref name="A" /> |
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|Los Angeles Harbor]] to the race area's. On the Pacific side of the [[San Pedro Bay (California)#Breakwater|San Pedro Breakwater]] the Star, 6 Metre and 8 Metre yachts had their races. Those classes had to pass the [[Los Angeles Harbor Light|Angels Gate light]] in order to reach the course area. The Snowbird stayed inside the breakwater to protect them from the [[Swell (ocean)|ocean swell]]. |
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{{Multiple image |
{{Multiple image |
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| title = 1932 Olympic Course Areas |
| title = 1932 Olympic Course Areas |
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| width = 400 |
| width = 400 |
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| image1 = Course areas 1932 Los Angeles.png |
| image1 = Course areas 1932 Los Angeles.png |
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| caption1 = |
| caption1 = OpenStreetMap view of the current map of [[Los Angeles]]. Projected are the 1932 Olympic courses of the [[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snowbird]] (Red Area) and the [[Star (sailboat)|Star]], [[6 Metre]] and [[8 Metre (keelboat)|8 Metre]] (blue area). |
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}} |
}} |
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{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
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== Competition <ref name="A" /> |
== Competition == |
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Source:<ref name="A" /> |
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=== Overview === |
=== Overview === |
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{| |
{| |
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|-valign="top" |
|-valign="top" |
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|rowspan="3"|[[File:Continents at Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics.png|thumb|260px|left|Map of Participating Sailing Continents at the 1932 Summer Olympics<br><span style="color:#00ff00;">● '''Green'''</span> = Participating for the first time<br><span style="color:#0000ff;">● '''Blue'''</span> = Participating< |
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Continents at Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics.png|thumb|260px|left|Map of Participating Sailing Continents at the 1932 Summer Olympics<br /><span style="color:#00ff00;">● '''Green'''</span> = Participating for the first time<br /><span style="color:#0000ff;">● '''Blue'''</span> = Participating<br /><span style="color:#00ffff;">● '''Light Blue'''</span> = Have previously participated]]|| |
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{| |
{| |
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|[[Africa|● Africa]] |
|[[Africa|● Africa]] |
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{| |
{| |
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|-valign="top" |
|-valign="top" |
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|rowspan="3"|[[File:Countries at Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympic.png|thumb|260px|left|Map of Participating Sailing Countries at the 1932 Summer Olympics<br><span style="color:#00ff00;">● '''Green'''</span> = Participating for the first time<br><span style="color:#0000ff;">● '''Blue'''</span> = Participating< |
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Countries at Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympic.png|thumb|260px|left|Map of Participating Sailing Countries at the 1932 Summer Olympics<br /><span style="color:#00ff00;">● '''Green'''</span> = Participating for the first time<br /><span style="color:#0000ff;">● '''Blue'''</span> = Participating<br /><span style="color:#00ffff;">● '''Light Blue'''</span> = Have previously participated]]|| |
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{| |
{| |
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|{{flagIOCteam|AUT|1932 Summer}}||{{flagIOCteam|CAN|1932 Summer}}||{{flagIOCteam|ESP|1932 Summer}}||{{flagIOCteam|FRA|1932 Summer}} |
|{{flagIOCteam|AUT|1932 Summer}}||{{flagIOCteam|CAN|1932 Summer}}||{{flagIOCteam|ESP|1932 Summer}}||{{flagIOCteam|FRA|1932 Summer}} |
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|width = 750 |
|width = 750 |
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|height = 425 |
|height = 425 |
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|lines = 0 |
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|File:Olympic Classes 1932.svg |
|File:Olympic Classes 1932.svg |
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}} |
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! Class !! Type !! Venue !! Event !! Sailors !! First OG !! Olympics so far |
! Class !! Type !! Venue !! Event !! Sailors !! First OG !! Olympics so far |
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|style="text-align:left"|[[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snowbird]] ||[[Dinghy]] ||[[Los Angeles]]||[[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]]||Max. 1< |
|style="text-align:left"|[[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snowbird]] ||[[Dinghy]] ||[[Los Angeles]]||[[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]]||Max. 1<br />Max. 1 substitutes||1932||1 |
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|- |
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|style="text-align:left"|[[Star (sailboat)|Star]] ||[[Keelboat]]||Los Angeles ||[[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]]||Max. 2< |
|style="text-align:left"|[[Star (sailboat)|Star]] ||[[Keelboat]]||Los Angeles ||[[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]]||Max. 2<br />Max. 2 substitutes||1932||1 |
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|- |
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|style="text-align:left"|[[6 Metre]] ||Keelboat ||Los Angeles ||[[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]]||Max. 5< |
|style="text-align:left"|[[6 Metre]] ||Keelboat ||Los Angeles ||[[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]]||Max. 5<br />Max. 5 substitutes||1908||6 |
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|- |
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|style="text-align:left"|[[8 Metre (keelboat)|8 Metre]] ||Keelboat ||Los Angeles ||[[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]]||Max. 6< |
|style="text-align:left"|[[8 Metre (keelboat)|8 Metre]] ||Keelboat ||Los Angeles ||[[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]]||Max. 6<br />Max. 6 substitutes||1908||6 |
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|- |
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|colspan="7"|'''Legend: |
|colspan="7"|'''Legend:''' [[File:Cercle noir 100%.svg|9px]] = Mixed gender event |
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|colspan="7"| |
|colspan="7"| |
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|} |
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{{Gallery |
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|title=The 1932 Olympic Classes in action |
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|width=168 |
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|height=250 |
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|lines=1 |
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|File:Snowbird at the 1932 Summer Olympics.png|'''[[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snowbird]]''' |
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|File:Star at the 1932 Summer Olympics.png|'''[[Star (sailboat)|Star]]''' |
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|File:6 Metre at the 1932 Summer Olympics.png|'''[[6 Metre]]''' |
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|File:8 Metre at the 1932 Summer Olympics.png|'''[[8 Metre (keelboat)|8 Metre]]''' |
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}} |
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|} |
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==Race schedule<ref name="A" /> |
==Race schedule== |
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Source:<ref name="A" /> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%;position:relative;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%;position:relative;" |
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!colspan = 14|August |
!colspan = 14|August |
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|- |
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! |
!30<br />Sat!!31<br />Sun!!1<br />Mon!!2<br />Tue!!3<br />Wed!!4<br />Thu!!5<br />Fri!!6<br />Sat!!7<br />Sun!!8<br />Mon!!9<br />Tue!!10<br />Wed!!11<br />Thu!!12<br />Fri!!13<br />Sat!!14<br />Sun |
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|- align="center" |
|- align="center" |
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| align="left" | Sailing (actual) |
| align="left" | Sailing (actual) |
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| bgcolor=#3399ff |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●]] |
| bgcolor=#3399ff |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]<br />[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre|●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre|●]]</span> |
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| bgcolor=#3399ff |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●]] |
| bgcolor=#3399ff |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]<br />[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre|●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre|●]]</span> |
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| bgcolor=#3399ff |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●●]] |
| bgcolor=#3399ff |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]<br />[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre|●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre|●]]</span> |
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| bgcolor=#ffcc00 |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●]] |
| bgcolor=#ffcc00 |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]<br />[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre|●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre|●]]</span> |
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| bgcolor=#3399ff |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●]] |
| bgcolor=#3399ff |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]<br />[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre|●]]</span> |
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| bgcolor=#ffcc00 |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●●]] |
| bgcolor=#ffcc00 |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]<br />[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre|●]]</span> |
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| bgcolor=#ffcc00 |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●●●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]</span> |
| bgcolor=#ffcc00 |<span style="line-height:0.7em;">[[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird|●●●]] [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]</span> |
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| bgcolor=#ffcc00 |<span style="line-height:0.7em;"> |
| bgcolor=#ffcc00 |<span style="line-height:0.7em;"> [[Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star|●]]</span> |
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== Medal summary <ref name="B" /> |
== Medal summary == |
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Source:<ref name="B" /> |
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{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event}} |
{| {{MedalistTable|type=Event}} |
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|- |
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{{Sailing Olympic Podium|year=1932|class=Snowbird}} |
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| style="align:center;" | [[File:Snowbird insigna.png|x20px]]<br> |
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{{Sailing Olympic Podium|year=1932|class=Star}} |
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'''1932: Snowbird''' <br>{{DetailsLink|Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Snowbird}} |
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{{Sailing Olympic Podium|year=1932|class=6 Metre}} |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of France.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|France]] [[France at the 1932 Summer Olympics|France]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(FRA)</span><br>[[Jacques Lebrun]] |
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{{Sailing Olympic Podium|year=1932|class=8 Metre}} |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Netherlands]] [[Netherlands at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(NED)</span><br>[[Bob Maas]] |
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|} |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Spain 1931 1939.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Spain]] [[Spain at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Spain]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(ESP)</span><br>[[Santiago Amat]] |
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|- |
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== Medal tables == |
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| style="align:center;" | [[File:NO Class insigna.png|x20px]]<br> |
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'''1932: Star''' <br>{{DetailsLink|Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Star}} |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:US flag 48 stars.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]] [[United States at the 1932 Summer Olympics|United States]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>[[Gilbert Gray]]<br>[[Andrew Libano]] |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Great Britain]] [[Great Britain at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(GBR)</span><br>[[George Colin Ratsey]]<br>[[Peter Jaffe]] |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Sweden]] [[Sweden at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(SWE)</span><br>[[Gunnar Asther]]<br>[[Daniel Sundén-Cullberg]] |
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=== Sailing 1932 <ref name="B" />=== |
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{| {{RankedMedalTable}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="align:center;" | [[File:6 Metre insigna.png|x20px]]<br> |
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| 1 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|USA|1932 Summer}} || 2 || 1 || 0 || 3 |
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'''1932: 6 Metre''' <br>{{DetailsLink|Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 6 Metre}} |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Sweden]] [[Sweden at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(SWE)</span><br>[[Tore Holm]]<br>[[Olle Åkerlund]]<br>[[Åke Bergqvist]]<br>[[Martin Hindorff]] |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:US flag 48 stars.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]] [[United States at the 1932 Summer Olympics|United States]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>[[Robert Carlson (sailor)|Robert Carlson]]<br>[[Temple Ashbrook]]<br>[[Frederic Conant]]<br>[[Emmett Davis (sailor)|Emmett Davis]]<br>[[Donald Wills Douglas, Sr.|Donald Douglas]]<br>[[Charles Smith (sailor)|Charles Smith]] |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Canada 1921.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Canada]] [[Canada at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Canada]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(CAN)</span><br>[[Philip Rogers (sailor)|Philip Rogers]]<br>[[Gardner Boultbee]]<br>[[Ken Glass]]<br>[[Jerry Wilson (sailor)|Jerry Wilson]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="align:center;" | [[File:8 Metre insigna.png|x20px]]<br> |
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| 2 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|SWE|1932 Summer}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 2 |
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'''1932: 8 Metre''' <br>{{DetailsLink|Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre}} |
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|- |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:US flag 48 stars.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]] [[United States at the 1932 Summer Olympics|United States]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>[[Owen Churchill]]<br>[[John Biby]]<br>[[Alphonse Burnand]]<br>[[Kenneth Carey]]<br>[[William Cooper (sailor)|William Cooper]]<br>[[Pierpont Davis]]<br>[[Carl Dorsey]]<br>[[John Huettner]]<br>[[Richard Moore (sailor)|Richard Moore]]<br>[[Alan Morgan (sailor)|Alan Morgan]]<br>[[Robert Sutton (sailor)|Robert Sutton]]<br>[[Thomas Webster (sailor)|Thomas Webster]] |
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| 3 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|FRA|1932 Summer}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Canada 1921.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Canada]] [[Canada at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Canada]] <span style="font-size:90%;">(CAN)</span><br>[[Ronald Maitland]]<br>[[Ernest Cribb]]<br>[[Peter Gordon (sailor)|Peter Gordon]]<br>[[George Gyles]]<br>[[Harry Jones (sailor)|Harry Jones]]<br>[[Hubert Wallace]] |
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|- |
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|style="vertical-align:top;"| No further competitors |
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| 4 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|CAN|1932 Summer}} || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2 |
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|- |
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|rowspan=2| 5 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|GBR|1932 Summer}} || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 |
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|- |
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|align=left| {{flagIOCteam|NED|1932 Summer}} || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 |
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|- |
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| 7 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|ESP|1932 Summer}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |
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|- |
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!Total|| || 4 || 4 || 3 ||11 |
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|} |
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=== Sailing 1896–1932 <ref name="B" />=== |
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{| {{RankedMedalTable}} |
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|- |
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| 1 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|NOR}} || 12 || 5 || 1 || 18 |
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|- |
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| 2 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|GBR}} || 10 || 4 || 2 || 16 |
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|- |
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| 3 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|FRA}} || 8 || 10 || 13 || 31 |
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|- |
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| 4 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|SWE}} || 5 || 4 || 3 || 13 |
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|- |
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| 5 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|NED}} || 2 || 4 || 1 || 7 |
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|- |
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| 6 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|BEL}} || 2 || 2 || 1 || 5 |
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|- |
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| 7 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|USA}} || 2 || 1 || 2 || 5 |
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|- |
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| 8 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|ZZX}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 |
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|- |
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|rowspan=2|9 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|GER}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 2 |
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|- |
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| align=left | {{flagIOCteam|SUI}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 2 |
|||
|- |
|||
|11 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|DEN}} || 0 || 3 || 0 || 3 |
|||
|- |
|||
|12 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|FIN}} || 0 || 1 || 4 || 5 |
|||
|- |
|||
|13 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|CAN}} || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2 |
|||
|- |
|||
|rowspan=3|14 ||align=left | {{flagIOCteam|ESP}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align=left | {{flagIOCteam|EST}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align=left | {{flagIOCteam|RUS}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |
|||
|- |
|||
! Total !! 16 !! 45 !! 37 !! 31 !!113 |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
== Medal table == |
|||
=== Ranking of the countries over the years === |
|||
Source:<ref name="B" /> |
|||
[[File:1932 Ranking the Olympic Sailing Countries.png|thumb|left|1000px|Graphic that showed the changes in the standing of the countries over the years.]] |
|||
{{clear}} |
|||
{{Medals table |
|||
| caption = |
|||
| host = |
|||
| flag_template = flagIOCteam |
|||
| event = 1932 Summer |
|||
| team = |
|||
| gold_USA = 2 | silver_USA = 1 | bronze_USA = 0 |
|||
| gold_SWE = 1 | silver_SWE = 0 | bronze_SWE = 1 |
|||
| gold_FRA = 1 | silver_FRA = 0 | bronze_FRA = 0 |
|||
| gold_CAN = 0 | silver_CAN = 1 | bronze_CAN = 1 |
|||
| gold_GBR = 0 | silver_GBR = 1 | bronze_GBR = 0 |
|||
| gold_NED = 0 | silver_NED = 1 | bronze_NED = 0 |
|||
| gold_ESP = 0 | silver_ESP = 0 | bronze_ESP = 1 |
|||
}} |
|||
== Notes == |
== Notes == |
||
=== Star === |
=== Star === |
||
The 1932 Olympics featured for the first time the [[Star (sailboat)|Star]] as Olympic discipline. This turned out to be so far the longest run for a sailing discipline in the Olympics. The Star was an Olympic class from 1932 |
The 1932 Olympics featured for the first time the [[Star (sailboat)|Star]] as Olympic discipline. This turned out to be so far the longest run for a sailing discipline in the Olympics. The Star was an Olympic class from 1932 to [[Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|2012]] with the exception of [[Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics|1976]]. |
||
=== Snowbird === |
=== Snowbird === |
||
The [[USOC]] proposed to discontinue the [[12 foot dinghy|12' Dinghy]] in |
The [[United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee|USOC]] proposed to discontinue the [[12 foot dinghy|12' Dinghy]] in favor of a small V-bottom Catboat locally known as the [[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snowbird]] as the single handed one design class. This proposal was approved by the [[International Sailing Federation|IYRU]] and [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]]. The locally available Snowbirds were equipped with new masts, sails and rigging. |
||
=== Medical assistance === |
=== Medical assistance === |
||
| Line 288: | Line 247: | ||
== Other information == |
== Other information == |
||
=== Sailors in multiple |
=== Sailors in multiple disciplines === |
||
Three sailors attempted to sail in the [[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snownbird]] and the [[Star (sailboat)|Star]]. This was a challenge since the schedule of the Snowbird was modified due to the light air weather conditions in the mornings of the regattas.<ref name="A" /> |
Three sailors attempted to sail in the [[Snowbird (sailboat)|Snownbird]] and the [[Star (sailboat)|Star]]. This was a challenge since the schedule of the Snowbird was modified due to the light air weather conditions in the mornings of the regattas.<ref name="A" /> |
||
* {{flagIOCathlete|George Colin Ratsey|GBR|1932 Summer}} |
* {{flagIOCathlete|George Colin Ratsey|GBR|1932 Summer}} |
||
| Line 295: | Line 254: | ||
=== Sailing === |
=== Sailing === |
||
During the Sailing |
During the Sailing regattas at the 1932 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes: |
||
* {{flagIOCteam|FRA|1932 Summer}}, Jacques Lebrun, French boat designer and technical director of the French national association |
* {{flagIOCteam|FRA|1932 Summer}}, Jacques Lebrun, French boat designer and technical director of the French national association |
||
* {{flagIOCteam|NED|1932 Summer}}, Bob Maas, Dutch long time Star sailor |
* {{flagIOCteam|NED|1932 Summer}}, Bob Maas, Dutch long time Star sailor |
||
* {{flagIOCteam|USA|1932 Summer}}, United States yachtsman |
* {{flagIOCteam|USA|1932 Summer}}, United States yachtsman and American industrialist [[Donald Wills Douglas, Jr.]] in the 6 Metre |
||
* {{flagIOCteam|USA|1932 Summer}}, United States yachting legend and inventor of the [[Swimfin]], [[Owen Churchill]] in the 8 Metre |
* {{flagIOCteam|USA|1932 Summer}}, United States yachting legend and inventor of the [[Swimfin]], [[Owen Churchill]] in the 8 Metre |
||
{{Gallery |
{{Gallery |
||
| Line 304: | Line 263: | ||
|width = 150 |
|width = 150 |
||
|height = 150 |
|height = 150 |
||
|lines = 1 |
|||
|File:Jacques Lebrun 1932.jpg|[[Jacques Lebrun]] |
|File:Jacques Lebrun 1932.jpg|[[Jacques Lebrun]] |
||
|File:Bob Maas en Mr. Stuttenheim.jpg|[[Bob Maas]] (left) |
|File:Bob Maas en Mr. Stuttenheim in jachthaven, Bestanddeelnr 905-2185.jpg|[[Bob Maas]] (left) |
||
|File:Santiago Amat.jpg|[[Santiago Amat]] |
|File:Santiago Amat.jpg|[[Santiago Amat]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
| Line 316: | Line 274: | ||
|work = Digital Library Collection at la84.org |
|work = Digital Library Collection at la84.org |
||
|publisher = la84foundation |
|publisher = la84foundation |
||
| |
|access-date = 22 March 2015 |
||
}} |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
| Line 324: | Line 282: | ||
{{cite book |
{{cite book |
||
| title = Official Report of the Games of the X Olympiad |
| title = Official Report of the Games of the X Olympiad |
||
| |
| editor = Browne, Francis Granger |
||
| publisher = Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles, U.S. A. 1932, LTD. |
| publisher = Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles, U.S. A. 1932, LTD. |
||
| year = 1933 |
| year = 1933 |
||
| location = Los Angeles |
| location = Los Angeles |
||
| url = http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1932/1932s.pdf |
| url = http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1932/1932s.pdf |
||
| |
| access-date = 22 March 2015 }} |
||
| accessdate = 22 March 2015 |
|||
}} |
|||
</ref> |
</ref> |
||
<ref name = "B"> |
<ref name = "B"> |
||
| Line 338: | Line 294: | ||
| publisher = [[International Olympic Committee]] |
| publisher = [[International Olympic Committee]] |
||
| url = http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/results/search_r_uk.asp |
| url = http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/results/search_r_uk.asp |
||
| |
| access-date = 22 March 2015 }} |
||
}} |
|||
</ref> |
</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
{{EventsAt1932SummerOlympics}} |
{{EventsAt1932SummerOlympics}} |
||
{{Sailing at the Summer Olympics}} |
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{{Olympic Games Sailing}} |
|||
{{Olympic venues sailing}} |
{{Olympic venues sailing}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sailing At The 1932 Summer Olympics}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sailing At The 1932 Summer Olympics}} |
||
[[Category:1932 Summer Olympics |
[[Category:Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics| ]] |
||
[[Category:Events at the 1932 Summer Olympics]] |
|||
[[Category:Sailing at the Summer Olympics|1932]] |
[[Category:Sailing at the Summer Olympics|1932]] |
||
[[Category:1932 in sailing]] |
[[Category:1932 in sailing]] |
||
[[Category:History of Los Angeles, California]] |
|||
[[Category:Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics| ]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 23:09, 11 December 2024
| Sailing at the Games of the X Olympiad | |
|---|---|
 Xth Olympiad Los Angeles Bronze tablet Yachting | |
| Venues | Los Angeles Harbor |
| Dates | First race: 5 August 1932 Last race: 12 August 1932 |
| Competitors | 57 from 11 nations |
| Boats | 23 |
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens Greece). With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1932 consisted of a total of four sailing classes (disciplines). For each class races were scheduled from 5–12 August directly off the Los Angeles Harbor on the Pacific Ocean.
Venue
[edit]Source:[1]
| Los Angeles Harbor | |
|---|---|
Angels Gate light | |
 Entrance to the Los Angeles Harbor. On the right the courses of the Snowbird were laid. To the left those of the other three classes. | |
  1932 Olympic harbor | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Olympic harbor |
| Location | San Pedro Breakwater |
| Town or city | Los Angeles, California |
| Country |  United States |
| Coordinates | 33°42′30.5″N 118°15′06.0″W / 33.708472°N 118.251667°W |
| Elevation | Sealevel |
| Construction started | 1910 |
| Completed | 1913 |
| Opened | 1913 |
| Cost | $36,000 |
| Owner | US Coast Guard |
Los Angeles Harbor
[edit]The Xth Olympiad Yachting events were raced in the Pacific Ocean directly off the Port of Los Angeles, over a course used for the past eight years in local yachting. This course was selected because of its suitability for wind conditions, its freedom from tides and swift currents, and the clearness of its waters, with the added advantage of offering spectators a full view from the Point Fermin headlands. Constant winds were assured as in this locality the trade wind comes up about mid-day, bringing with it a true westerly wind varying from eight to fifteen knots in velocity.
— Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles, Official Report of the Games of the X Olympiad[1]
Sea breeze
[edit]Due to the predicted Sea breeze in Los Angeles Harbor it was decided to race the Snowbirds in the lighter morning breezes. However, during the mornings there was virtually no wind at all. Therefore, some races of the Snowbird were sailed in the afternoon in heavy conditions. Luckily no capsizing took place. It also gave issues for those sailors who were competing not only in the Snowbird but also in one of the other classes.
Course areas
[edit]The courses had been well prepared. The marks were laid by the United States Lighthouse Service in the form of large Government buoys, and kelp beds under the lee of Point Fermin were marked by the United States Navy Department as restricted area. Visiting yachts were kept at a safe distance from the racing boats by the US Coast Guard. Tows were arranged by the US Navy to and from Los Angeles Harbor to the race area's. On the Pacific side of the San Pedro Breakwater the Star, 6 Metre and 8 Metre yachts had their races. Those classes had to pass the Angels Gate light in order to reach the course area. The Snowbird stayed inside the breakwater to protect them from the ocean swell.[1]
1932 Olympic Course Areas
OpenStreetMap view of the current map of Los Angeles. Projected are the 1932 Olympic courses of the Snowbird (Red Area) and the Star, 6 Metre and 8 Metre (blue area).
Competition
[edit]Source:[1]
Overview
[edit]| Continents | Countries | Classes | Boats | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 11 | 4 | 23 | 57 | 0 |
- However all events were gender independent it turned out to be a male only event.
Continents
[edit] ● Green = Participating for the first time ● Blue = Participating ● Light Blue = Have previously participated |
|
Countries
[edit] ● Green = Participating for the first time ● Blue = Participating ● Light Blue = Have previously participated |
|
- This time no new countries participated in the Sailing event of this Olympic.
Classes (equipment)
[edit]|
The 1932 Olympic classes | ||||||
| Class | Type | Venue | Event | Sailors | First OG | Olympics so far |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snowbird | Dinghy | Los Angeles |  |
Max. 1 Max. 1 substitutes |
1932 | 1 |
| Star | Keelboat | Los Angeles | |
Max. 2 Max. 2 substitutes |
1932 | 1 |
| 6 Metre | Keelboat | Los Angeles | |
Max. 5 Max. 5 substitutes |
1908 | 6 |
| 8 Metre | Keelboat | Los Angeles | |
Max. 6 Max. 6 substitutes |
1908 | 6 |
| Legend: = Mixed gender event
| ||||||
Race schedule
[edit]Source:[1]
| ● | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | ● | Event finals | ● | Closing ceremony |
| Date | July | August | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 Sat |
31 Sun |
1 Mon |
2 Tue |
3 Wed |
4 Thu |
5 Fri |
6 Sat |
7 Sun |
8 Mon |
9 Tue |
10 Wed |
11 Thu |
12 Fri |
13 Sat |
14 Sun | |
| Sailing (actual) | ● ● ● ● |
● ● ● ● |
●● ● ● ● |
● ● ● ● |
● ● ● |
●● ● ● |
●●● ● | ● | ||||||||
| Total gold medals | 8 Metre | 6 Metre | Snowbird | Star | ||||||||||||
| Ceremonies | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||
Medal summary
[edit]Source:[2]
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
 1932: Snowbird |
 France (FRA)Jacques Lebrun |
 Netherlands (NED)Bob Maas |
 Spain (ESP)Santiago Amat |
 1932: Star |
 United States (USA)Gilbert Gray Andrew Libano |
 Great Britain (GBR)George Colin Ratsey Peter Jaffe |
 Sweden (SWE)Gunnar Asther Daniel Sundén-Cullberg |
 1932: 6 Metre |
Sweden (SWE) Tore Holm Olle Åkerlund Åke Bergqvist Martin Hindorff |
United States (USA) Robert Carlson Temple Ashbrook Frederic Conant Emmett Davis Donald Douglas Charles Smith |
 Canada (CAN)Philip Rogers Gardner Boultbee Ken Glass Jerry Wilson |
 1932: 8 Metre |
United States (USA) Owen Churchill John Biby Alphonse Burnand Kenneth Carey William Cooper Pierpont Davis Carl Dorsey John Huettner Richard Moore Alan Morgan Robert Sutton Thomas Webster |
Canada (CAN) Ronald Maitland Ernest Cribb Peter Gordon George Gyles Harry Jones Hubert Wallace |
No further competitors |
Medal table
[edit]Source:[2]
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States (USA) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Sweden (SWE) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Canada (CAN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 |  Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 7 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11 | |
Notes
[edit]Star
[edit]The 1932 Olympics featured for the first time the Star as Olympic discipline. This turned out to be so far the longest run for a sailing discipline in the Olympics. The Star was an Olympic class from 1932 to 2012 with the exception of 1976.
Snowbird
[edit]The USOC proposed to discontinue the 12' Dinghy in favor of a small V-bottom Catboat locally known as the Snowbird as the single handed one design class. This proposal was approved by the IYRU and IOC. The locally available Snowbirds were equipped with new masts, sails and rigging.
Medical assistance
[edit]For medical incidents during the Yachting events a United States Navy boat and a US Coast Guard boat were on duty during the races. This boats were equipped with an inhalator and crew furnished by the Los Angeles Fire Department.
Seven local physicians provided voluntary service (in alphabetical order):
- Edward G. Eisen, M.D., Head Physician
- Stanley Boller, M.D.
- J. Park Dougall, M.D.
- K. E. Kretzschmar, M.D.
- G. A. Laubersheimer, M.D.
- Wayland A. Morrison, M.D.
- Ewald Werner, M.D.
Other information
[edit]Sailors in multiple disciplines
[edit]Three sailors attempted to sail in the Snownbird and the Star. This was a challenge since the schedule of the Snowbird was modified due to the light air weather conditions in the mornings of the regattas.[1]
Sailing
[edit]During the Sailing regattas at the 1932 Summer Olympics among others the following persons were competing in the various classes:
- France (FRA), Jacques Lebrun, French boat designer and technical director of the French national association
- Netherlands (NED), Bob Maas, Dutch long time Star sailor
- United States (USA), United States yachtsman and American industrialist Donald Wills Douglas, Jr. in the 6 Metre
- United States (USA), United States yachting legend and inventor of the Swimfin, Owen Churchill in the 8 Metre
Sailors at the 1932 Olympic Games
-
-
Bob Maas (left) -
Further reading
[edit]- "Digital Library Collection (Official Olympic Reports 1896 - 2008)". Digital Library Collection at la84.org. la84foundation. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Browne, Francis Granger, ed. (1933). Official Report of the Games of the X Olympiad (PDF). Los Angeles: Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles, U.S. A. 1932, LTD. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ a b "Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
 | | ||