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Coordinates: 30°02′N 82°22′W / 30.04°N 82.37°W / 30.04; -82.37
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{{short description|County in Florida, United States}}
{{Infobox U.S. County|
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
county = Union County|
{{Infobox U.S. county
state = Florida |
| county = Union County
seal = |
| state = Florida
map size = 250|
| seal =
founded = [[May 20|20 May]] [[1921]] |
| founded year = 1921
seat = [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]] |
| founded date = May 20
area = 647 [[square kilometre|km²]] (250 [[square mile|mi²]]) |
| named for = Concept of Unity
area land = 622 km² (240 mi²) |
| seat = [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]]
area water = 24 km² (9 mi²) |
| largest city = Lake Butler
area percentage = 3.77% |
| area_total_sq_mi = 250
census yr = 2000|
| area_land_sq_mi = 244
pop = 13,442 |
| area_water_sq_mi = 6.2
density = 22|
| area percentage = 2.5
web = myunioncounty.com|
| census yr = 2020
|}}
| pop = 16147
'''Union County''' is a [[county]] located in the [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Florida]]. As of [[2000]], the population is 13,442. Its [[county seat]] is [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]][[Geographic references|<sup>6</sup>]].
| density_sq_mi = 64
| web =http://www.unioncounty-fl.gov/
| ex image = Union Cnty Crths Lake Butler.jpg
| ex image cap = [[Union County Courthouse (Florida)|Union County Courthouse]]
| district = 3rd
| time zone = Eastern
}}


'''Union County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the [[North Central Florida|north central]] portion of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Florida]], the smallest in the state by area. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 16,147.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/12125.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=February 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201185712/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/12125.html|archive-date=February 1, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[county seat]] is [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref>
== History ==

Union County was created in [[1921]]. It was named to honor the concept of '''unity '''. Union County is the location of Union Correctional Institution. Union CI is a maximum-security prison and is home to part of Florida's Death Row. The death chamber is located at nearby [[Florida State Prison]]. Florida State Prison also houses some death-row inmates.
==History==
Union County was created in 1921 from part of [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]]. It was named to honor the concept of unity.{{cn|date=May 2024}} Union County is the location of [[Union Correctional Institution]] and the Reception and Medical Center (RMC).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/209.html |title=Reception and Medical Center (RMC) |publisher=[[Florida Department of Corrections]] |access-date=July 28, 2010 |archive-date=July 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728233109/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/Region2/209.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Union CI is a [[Incarceration in the United States#Security levels|maximum security prison]] and is home to part of Florida's [[Death row|Death Row]]. The death chamber is located at nearby [[Florida State Prison]] (FSP) in Bradford County. Florida State Prison also houses some death-row inmates.


==Geography==
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of 647 [[km²]] (250 [[square mile|mi²]]). 622 km² (240 mi²) of it is land and 24 km² (9 mi²) of it (3.77%) is water.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has an area of {{convert|250|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|244|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|6.2|sqmi}} (2.5%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is the smallest county by area in Florida.

===Adjacent counties===
* [[Baker County, Florida|Baker County]] (north)
* [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]] (south)
* [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]] (east)
* [[Columbia County, Florida|Columbia County]] (west)


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
As of the [[census]][[Geographic references#2|<sup>2</sup>]] of 2000, there were 13,442 people, 3,367 households, and 2,606 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was 22/km² (56/mi²). There were 3,736 housing units at an average density of 6/km² (16/mi²). The racial makeup of the county was 73.62% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 22.84% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.66% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.31% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.04% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.50% from two or more races. 3.55% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.
|1930= 7428
|1940= 7094
|1950= 8906
|1960= 6043
|1970= 8112
|1980= 10166
|1990= 10252
|2000= 13442
|2010= 15535
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/fl190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2019<ref name="QF" />
|2020=16147
|estyear=2023
|estimate=15532
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 31, 2024}}</ref>}}


{| class="wikitable"
There were 3,367 households out of which 41.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.70% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.60% were non-families. 19.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.13.
|+'''Union County racial composition as of 2020'''<br> (NH = Non-Hispanic){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>https://www.census.gov/ {{nonspecific|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=May 18, 2022}}</ref>}}
!Race
!Pop 2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US12125&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US12125&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=May 27, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|11,123
|11,585
|71.6%
|71.75%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|3,391
|3,197
|21.83%
|19.8%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|52
|42
|0.33%
|0.26%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|32
|35
|0.21%
|0.22%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|2
|0
|0.01%
|0.0%
|-
|Some Other Race (NH)
|4
|62
|0.03%
|0.38%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|188
|462
|1.21%
|2.86%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|743
|764
|4.78%
|4.73%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''15,535'''
|'''16,147'''
|
|
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 16,147 people, 4,008 households, and 2,873 families residing in the county.


At the 2000 [[census]],<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 14, 2011|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 13,442 people, 3,367 households and 2,606 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was 56 per square mile (22/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 3,736 housing units at an average density of 16 per square&nbsp;mile (6/km<sup>2</sup>). The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|racial makeup]] of the county was 73.62% White, 22.84% Black or African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.04% from other races, and 1.50% from two or more races. 3.55% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
In the county the population was spread out with 21.80% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 39.80% from 25 to 44, 22.20% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 183.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 215.20 males. This extremely skewed gender distribution is the result of the male prison population in the county.


Of the 3,367 households, 41.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.70% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.60% were non-families. 19.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.13.
The median income for a household in the county was $34,563, and the median income for a family was $37,516. Males had a median income of $28,571 versus $22,083 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $12,333. About 10.50% of families and 14.00% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 16.20% of those age 65 or over.


The age distribution was 21.80% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 39.80% from 25 to 44, 22.20% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 183.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 215.20 males. This extremely skewed gender distribution is the result of the county's male prison population.
== Municipalities ==

===Incorporated===
The median household income was $34,563, and the median family income was $37,516. Males had a median income of $28,571 versus $22,083 for females. The county's [[per capita income]] was $12,333. About 10.50% of families and 14.00% of the population were below the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]], including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 16.20% of those age 65 or over.
# City of [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]]

# Town of [[Raiford, Florida|Raiford]]
The county suffers a death rate of about 1600 per 100,000 residents, the highest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Koeze |first1=Ella |title=35 Years Of American Death |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/mortality-rates-united-states/ |website=Five Thirty-eight |date=April 20, 2017 |access-date=January 14, 2019}}</ref>
# Town of [[Worthington Springs, Florida|Worthington Springs]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Cause of Death (2017) <ref name="Union County Data">{{cite web |title=Union County Data |url=https://wellflorida.org/data-reports/union-county-data/ |website=Wellflorida |access-date=January 14, 2019 |archive-date=January 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114153349/https://wellflorida.org/data-reports/union-county-data/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! Union County (Adjusted Rate)
! Florida (Adjusted Rate)
|-
|Overall
|1,516
|681
|-
|Cancer
|470
|153
|-
|Heart Disease
|298
|152
|-
|Respiratory Infection
|121
|39
|-
|Stroke
|59
|36
|-
|Hepatitis
|54
|2
|}

==Government and infrastructure==
[[File:UnionCIRaifordFL.jpg|thumb|[[Union Correctional Institution]]]]

The [[Florida Department of Corrections]] (FDOC) operates Region II Correctional Facility Office in an [[unincorporated area]] in Union County.<ref>"[http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/index.html Region II Correctional Facility Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991010151339/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/index.html |date=October 10, 1999 }}." [[Florida Department of Corrections]]. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.</ref> FDOC also maintains the [[Union Correctional Institution]] in an unincorporated area in the county.<ref>"[http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/213.html Union Correctional Facility] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724221446/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/facilities/region2/213.html |date=July 24, 2010 }}." [[Florida Department of Corrections]]. Retrieved on August 31, 2010.</ref> Union Correctional Institution houses one of two death rows for men in Florida.<ref name="FloridaDR">"[http://www.dc.state.fl.us/oth/deathrow/ Death Row Fact Sheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423101749/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/oth/deathrow/ |date=April 23, 2015 }}." [[Florida Department of Corrections]]. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.</ref> About a third of the county's population is imprisoned, compared to a statewide figure of one-half percent.<ref name="Union County Data"/>

The Union Juvenile Residential Facility of the [[Florida Department of Juvenile Justice]] is in an unincorporated area in Union County.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.djj.state.fl.us/Residential/facilities/north_facilities/Union.html
|title=Union Juvenile Residential Facility
|publisher=[[Florida Department of Juvenile Justice]]
|access-date=August 3, 2008
|archive-date=September 27, 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927105218/http://www.djj.state.fl.us/Residential/facilities/north_facilities/Union.html
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st12_fl/county/c12125_union/DC20BLK_C12125.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Union County, FL|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2024-12-11|page=7 (PDF p. 8/13)|quote=Union Juvenile Residential Faclty}}</ref>

==Education==
[[Union County School District (Florida)|Union County School District]] serves the county.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st12_fl/schooldistrict_maps/c12125_union/DC20SD_C12125.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Union County, FL|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-12-11}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st12_fl/schooldistrict_maps/c12125_union/DC20SD_C12125_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

===Libraries===
In 1986, local county volunteers ran a make shift library in the local Community Center which consisted of donated books and other items. Soon the County was able to fund their own public library from tax money. An old bank building was renovated and used for the new public library. In 1990, the library was open to the public. In 1996, the Union County Public Library became apart of the [[New River Public Library Cooperative]] to enhance and support library services for patrons throughout the county.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bird |first=Virginia |date=1998-01-01 |title=Union County Public Library |url=https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/fl_library_history/57 |journal=Florida Library History Project}}</ref>

The Union County Public Library serves the county. The branch is at 250 SE 5th Avenue, Lake Butler, Florida 32054. Its director is Mary C. Brown. The branch is open Monday, Wednesday–Friday 9 am–6 pm, Tuesday 9 am–8 pm, and Saturday 9 am–3 pm.

==Transportation==
<!--===Airports===
Union County's three airports Worthington Springs main airport is [[Lake City Gateway Airport|Lake City Municipal Airport]]. Private airports also exist throughout the county.-->

===Major roads===
{{See also|List of county roads in Union County, Florida}}
* [[Image:Florida 16.svg|20px]] [[Florida State Road 16|State Road 16]]
* [[Image:Florida 18.svg|20px]] [[Florida State Road 18|State Road 18]]
* [[Image:Florida 100.svg|25px]] [[Florida State Road 100|State Road 100]]
* [[Image:Florida 121.svg|25px]] [[Florida State Road 121|State Road 121]]
* [[Image:Florida 231.svg|25px]] [[Florida State Road 231|State Road 231]]
* [[Image:Florida 238.svg|25px]] [[Florida State Road 238|State Road 238]]


<!--===Railroads===
Union County has had three railroad lines in the past, all of which are abandoned. The primary one is the former [[Georgia Southern and Florida Railway]], which ran along SR 100 from Columbia County through Bradford County.-->

<!-- [[Jacksonville and Southwestern Railway]] which ran along SR 121 -->

<!-- Spur along [[Florida State Road 16]] the [[Wildwood Subdivision]] in [[Lawtey, Florida]] -->

==Communities==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
!#
!Incorporated Community
!Designation
!Population
|-
| 1 || [[Lake Butler, Union County, Florida|Lake Butler]] || City || 1,813
|-
| 2 || [[Worthington Springs, Florida|Worthington Springs]] || Town || 390
|-
| 3 || [[Raiford, Florida|Raiford]] || Town || 242
|-
|}

{{PresHead|place=Union County, Florida|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=June 16, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|5,224|971|51|Florida}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|5,133|1,053|65|Florida}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|4,568|1,014|140|Florida}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|3,980|1,339|89|Florida}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|3,940|1,300|70|Florida}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|3,396|1,251|28|Florida}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|2,332|1,407|87|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|1,636|1,388|438|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|1,546|1,248|777|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|1,644|691|14|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|1,804|761|2|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|1,123|1,237|63|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|544|1,480|16|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|1,314|253|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1968|American Independent|179|290|1,192|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|710|740|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|311|941|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|218|958|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|268|968|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|55|594|225|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|102|905|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|95|1,024|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|89|1,089|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|60|897|0|Florida}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|177|503|9|Florida}}
{{PresFoot|1924|Democratic|16|322|10|Florida}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Florida}}
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County, Florida]]

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ezdatajobs.com/ Employment Information for Union County]
* [http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00028314 ''Union County Times''] newspaper that serves Union County, Florida available in full-text with images in [http://ufdc.ufl.edu/fdnl1 Florida Digital Newspaper Library]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080424082906/http://www.newriver.lib.fl.us/ucpl.htm Union County Public Library] - Website for Union County's library with links to government services and the tri-county area's library catalog.
* [http://lakebutlercommunity.com ''Lake Butler Community Page''] a non-official 'Community Page' created by a local resident to help share information about events and more occurring in the Union County/Lake Butler area.

===Government links/Constitutional offices===
===Government links/Constitutional offices===
* [http://www.unioncofl.com/ Union County Board of County Commissioners]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171904/http://www.unioncofl.com/ Union County Board of County Commissioners]
* [http://www.lake-butler.com/sheriff.htm Union County Supervisor of Elections]
* [http://www.electionsfl.org/union/ Union County Supervisor of Elections]
* [http://www.qpublic.net/union/search.html Union County Property Appraiser]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050109021735/http://www.qpublic.net/union/search.html Union County Property Appraiser]
* [http://www.lake-butler.com/sheriff.htm Union County Sheriff's Office]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206131445/https://www.unionsheriff.us/ Union County Sheriff's Office]
* [http://www.unioncountytaxcollector.com/ Union County Tax Collector]
* [http://www.unioncountytaxcollector.com/ Union County Tax Collector]


====Special districts ====
====Special districts====
* [http://www.unioncofl.com/ Union County School Board]
* [http://www.union.k12.fl.us/ Union County School Board]
* [http://www.swrmd.state.fl.us Suwanee River Water Management District]
* [http://www.swrmd.state.fl.us Suwannee River Water Management District]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [Dead link August 26, 2016]


====Judicial branch====
====Judicial branch====
* [http://www.qpublic.net/union/search.html Union County Clerk of Courts]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050109021735/http://www.qpublic.net/union/search.html Union County Clerk of Courts]
* [http://sawww.co.alachua.fl.us/ Office of the State Attorney, 8th Judicial Circuit of Florida] serving [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua]], [[Baker County, Florida|Baker]], [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford]], [[Gilchrist County, Florida|Gilchrist]], Levy and [[Union County, Florida|Union]] Counties
* [http://sawww.co.alachua.fl.us/ Office of the State Attorney, 8th Judicial Circuit of Florida] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215024626/http://sawww.co.alachua.fl.us/ |date=December 15, 2004 }} serving [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua]], [[Baker County, Florida|Baker]], [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford]], [[Gilchrist County, Florida|Gilchrist]], Levy and Union Counties
* [http://www.circuit8.org/ Circuit and County Court for the 8th Judicial Circuit of Florida]
* [http://www.circuit8.org/ Circuit and County Court for the 8th Judicial Circuit of Florida]


{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Union County, Florida
|North = [[Baker County, Florida|Baker County]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]] and [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Columbia County, Florida|Columbia County]]
|Northwest =
}}
{{Union County, Florida}}
{{Union County, Florida}}
{{Florida}}
{{Geography of Florida}}
{{North Florida}}


{{coord|30.04|-82.37|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-FL_source:UScensus1990}}
[[Category:Florida counties]]
[[Category:Union County, Florida| ]]


{{authority control}}
[[de:Union County (Florida)]]

[[es:Condado de Unión (Florida)]]
[[Category:Union County, Florida| ]]
[[pt:Condado de Union (Flórida)]]
[[Category:1921 establishments in Florida]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1921]]
[[Category:Florida counties]]
[[Category:North Florida]]

Revision as of 03:15, 12 December 2024

Union County
County
Union County Courthouse
Union County Courthouse
Map of Florida highlighting Union County
Location within the U.S. state of Florida
Map of the United States highlighting Florida
Florida's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 30°02′N 82°22′W / 30.04°N 82.37°W / 30.04; -82.37
Country United States
State Florida
FoundedMay 20, 1921
Named forConcept of Unity
SeatLake Butler
Largest cityLake Butler
Area
 • Total
250 sq mi (600 km2)
 • Land244 sq mi (630 km2)
 • Water6.2 sq mi (16 km2)  2.5%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
16,147
 • Density64/sq mi (25/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district3rd
Websitewww.unioncounty-fl.gov

Union County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Florida, the smallest in the state by area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,147.[1] The county seat is Lake Butler.[2]

History

Union County was created in 1921 from part of Bradford County. It was named to honor the concept of unity.[citation needed] Union County is the location of Union Correctional Institution and the Reception and Medical Center (RMC).[3] Union CI is a maximum security prison and is home to part of Florida's Death Row. The death chamber is located at nearby Florida State Prison (FSP) in Bradford County. Florida State Prison also houses some death-row inmates.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 250 square miles (650 km2), of which 244 square miles (630 km2) is land and 6.2 square miles (16 km2) (2.5%) is water.[4] It is the smallest county by area in Florida.

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19307,428—
19407,094−4.5%
19508,90625.5%
19606,043−32.1%
19708,11234.2%
198010,16625.3%
199010,2520.8%
200013,44231.1%
201015,53515.6%
202016,1473.9%
2023 (est.)15,532[5]−3.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[6]
1790-1960[7] 1900-1990[8]
1990-2000[9] 2010-2019[1]
Union County racial composition as of 2020
(NH = Non-Hispanic)[a]
Race Pop 2010[12] Pop 2020[13] % 2010 % 2020
White (NH) 11,123 11,585 71.6% 71.75%
Black or African American (NH) 3,391 3,197 21.83% 19.8%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 52 42 0.33% 0.26%
Asian (NH) 32 35 0.21% 0.22%
Pacific Islander (NH) 2 0 0.01% 0.0%
Some Other Race (NH) 4 62 0.03% 0.38%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) 188 462 1.21% 2.86%
Hispanic or Latino 743 764 4.78% 4.73%
Total 15,535 16,147

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,147 people, 4,008 households, and 2,873 families residing in the county.

At the 2000 census,[14] there were 13,442 people, 3,367 households and 2,606 families residing in the county. The population density was 56 per square mile (22/km2). There were 3,736 housing units at an average density of 16 per square mile (6/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 73.62% White, 22.84% Black or African American, 0.66% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.04% from other races, and 1.50% from two or more races. 3.55% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 3,367 households, 41.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.70% were married couples living together, 15.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.60% were non-families. 19.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.13.

The age distribution was 21.80% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 39.80% from 25 to 44, 22.20% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 183.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 215.20 males. This extremely skewed gender distribution is the result of the county's male prison population.

The median household income was $34,563, and the median family income was $37,516. Males had a median income of $28,571 versus $22,083 for females. The county's per capita income was $12,333. About 10.50% of families and 14.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 16.20% of those age 65 or over.

The county suffers a death rate of about 1600 per 100,000 residents, the highest in the nation.[15]

Cause of Death (2017) [16] Union County (Adjusted Rate) Florida (Adjusted Rate)
Overall 1,516 681
Cancer 470 153
Heart Disease 298 152
Respiratory Infection 121 39
Stroke 59 36
Hepatitis 54 2

Government and infrastructure

Union Correctional Institution

The Florida Department of Corrections (FDOC) operates Region II Correctional Facility Office in an unincorporated area in Union County.[17] FDOC also maintains the Union Correctional Institution in an unincorporated area in the county.[18] Union Correctional Institution houses one of two death rows for men in Florida.[19] About a third of the county's population is imprisoned, compared to a statewide figure of one-half percent.[16]

The Union Juvenile Residential Facility of the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice is in an unincorporated area in Union County.[20][21]

Education

Union County School District serves the county.[22]

Libraries

In 1986, local county volunteers ran a make shift library in the local Community Center which consisted of donated books and other items. Soon the County was able to fund their own public library from tax money. An old bank building was renovated and used for the new public library. In 1990, the library was open to the public. In 1996, the Union County Public Library became apart of the New River Public Library Cooperative to enhance and support library services for patrons throughout the county.[23]

The Union County Public Library serves the county. The branch is at 250 SE 5th Avenue, Lake Butler, Florida 32054. Its director is Mary C. Brown. The branch is open Monday, Wednesday–Friday 9 am–6 pm, Tuesday 9 am–8 pm, and Saturday 9 am–3 pm.

Transportation

Major roads

See also: List of county roads in Union County, Florida



Communities

# Incorporated Community Designation Population
1 Lake Butler City 1,813
2 Worthington Springs Town 390
3 Raiford Town 242
United States presidential election results for Union County, Florida[24]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 5,224 83.64% 971 15.55% 51 0.82%
2020 5,133 82.11% 1,053 16.85% 65 1.04%
2016 4,568 79.83% 1,014 17.72% 140 2.45%
2012 3,980 73.59% 1,339 24.76% 89 1.65%
2008 3,940 74.20% 1,300 24.48% 70 1.32%
2004 3,396 72.64% 1,251 26.76% 28 0.60%
2000 2,332 60.95% 1,407 36.77% 87 2.27%
1996 1,636 47.26% 1,388 40.09% 438 12.65%
1992 1,546 43.29% 1,248 34.95% 777 21.76%
1988 1,644 69.99% 691 29.42% 14 0.60%
1984 1,804 70.28% 761 29.65% 2 0.08%
1980 1,123 46.35% 1,237 51.05% 63 2.60%
1976 544 26.67% 1,480 72.55% 16 0.78%
1972 1,314 83.85% 253 16.15% 0 0.00%
1968 179 10.78% 290 17.46% 1,192 71.76%
1964 710 48.97% 740 51.03% 0 0.00%
1960 311 24.84% 941 75.16% 0 0.00%
1956 218 18.54% 958 81.46% 0 0.00%
1952 268 21.68% 968 78.32% 0 0.00%
1948 55 6.29% 594 67.96% 225 25.74%
1944 102 10.13% 905 89.87% 0 0.00%
1940 95 8.49% 1,024 91.51% 0 0.00%
1936 89 7.56% 1,089 92.44% 0 0.00%
1932 60 6.27% 897 93.73% 0 0.00%
1928 177 25.69% 503 73.00% 9 1.31%
1924 16 4.60% 322 92.53% 10 2.87%

See also

References

  1. ^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[10][11]
  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ "Reception and Medical Center (RMC)". Florida Department of Corrections. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
  4. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  5. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  6. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  7. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  8. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  9. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  10. ^ https://www.census.gov/ [not specific enough to verify]
  11. ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  12. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  13. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  14. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  15. ^ Koeze, Ella (April 20, 2017). "35 Years Of American Death". Five Thirty-eight. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  16. ^ a b "Union County Data". Wellflorida. Archived from the original on January 14, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  17. ^ "Region II Correctional Facility Office Archived October 10, 1999, at the Wayback Machine." Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.
  18. ^ "Union Correctional Facility Archived July 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 31, 2010.
  19. ^ "Death Row Fact Sheet Archived April 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine." Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.
  20. ^ "Union Juvenile Residential Facility". Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008. Retrieved August 3, 2008.
  21. ^ "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Union County, FL" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. p. 7 (PDF p. 8/13). Retrieved December 11, 2024. Union Juvenile Residential Faclty
  22. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Union County, FL" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 11, 2024. - Text list
  23. ^ Bird, Virginia (January 1, 1998). "Union County Public Library". Florida Library History Project.
  24. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Union County, Florida.

Government links/Constitutional offices

Special districts

Judicial branch

30°02′N 82°22′W / 30.04°N 82.37°W / 30.04; -82.37

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