Cherokee Phoenix: Difference between revisions

ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ
Cherokee Phoenix
	Front page of the Cherokee Phoenix 1828
Type	Weekly newspaper
Owner(s)	Cherokee Nation
Founder(s)	Galagina Oowatie; Samuel Worcester
Founded	1828
Language	Cherokee and; English
Headquarters	Cherokee Nation Tribal Complex; Tsa-La-Gi Annex Room 231; Tahlequah, Oklahoma
OCLC number	53811290
Website	cherokeephoenix.org

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The Cherokee Phoenix (Cherokee: ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ, romanized: Tsalagi Tsulehisanvhi) is the first newspaper published by Native Americans in the United States and the first published in a Native American language.^[1]^[2] The first issue was published in English and Cherokee on February 21, 1828, in New Echota, capital of the Cherokee Nation (present-day Georgia). The paper continued until 1834. The Cherokee Phoenix was revived in the 20th century, and today it publishes both print and Internet versions.

19th century

In the mid-1820s the Cherokee tribe was being pressured by the government, and by Georgia in particular, to remove to new lands west of the Mississippi River, or to end their tribal government and surrender control of their traditional territory to the United States (US) government. The General Council of the Cherokee Nation established a newspaper, in collaboration with Samuel Worcester, a missionary, who cast the type for the Cherokee syllabary. The Council selected Elias Boudinot as the first editor.^[3]

Named Galagina Oowatie (ᎦᎴᎩᎾ ᎤᏩᏘ) in the Cherokee language, Elias Boudinot was born in 1804 at Oothcaloga, Cherokee Nation, near present-day Chatsworth, Georgia.^[3] He chose the name of Elias Boudinot after meeting the statesman, while on his way to the Foreign Mission School in Cornwall, Connecticut, where he graduated.^[4] There Boudinot married Harriet Ruggles Gold, daughter of a prominent Congregational family. They returned to live at New Echota.^[5]

Boudinot named the Cherokee Phoenix as a symbol of renewal, for the mythical bird that rose to new life from ashes of fire. The Nation founded the paper to gather support and to help keep members of the Cherokee Nation united and informed. The newspaper was printed in English and Cherokee, using the Cherokee syllabary developed in 1821 by Sequoyah. According to Langguth, those who could only read Cherokee received the paper free, while those who could read English paid according to a sliding scale:$2.50 a year if they paid in advance and $3.50 a year if they waited a year.^[6] It served as the primary vehicle of communication among the many Cherokee townships that constituted the Cherokee Nation. The Nation occupied parts of what are now Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama and Georgia.^{[citation needed]}

The first issue appeared on February 21, 1828. It contained five columns on each of its four pages. The editor announced that, because translation between English and Cherokee was slow, initially the paper would print only three columns each week in the Cherokee language. The first issue covered a variety of subjects. Samuel Worcester wrote an article praising Sequoyah's invention of the syllabary, and Boudinot's first editorial criticized white settlers wanting Cherokee land. As the issue of removal attracted attention in the United States (US), the newspaper arranged a fund-raising and publicity tour, which attracted new subscribers from almost all areas of the US and Europe. Boudinot gradually published mostly in English, trying to reach that larger audience.^[3]

In 1829, Boudinot renamed the Cherokee Phoenix as the Cherokee Phoenix and Indians' Advocate, reflecting his intention to influence an audience beyond the Cherokee. He addressed issues which Indians across the United States and its territories faced related to assimilation and removal from their traditional homelands. The paper no longer related solely to the Cherokee tribe. The paper also offered stories about debates over Indian removal and U.S. Supreme Court cases that affected Indian life.^[7]

Boudinot believed removal was inevitable and that the Cherokee should protect their rights by treaty. He was allied with Major Ridge in this view. His views were opposed by the majority of the Cherokee, including Principal Chief John Ross, elected by the constitutional republic in 1828. Former allies in the Cherokee government turned against Boudinot and other "treaty advocates". Opponents attacked the men's loyalty and prevented their speaking in councils. Ross denounced Boudinot's "toleration of diversified views in the Cherokee Phoenix and forbade Boudinot from discussing pro-removal arguments in the paper. In protest, Boudinot resigned in the spring of 1832.^[8] Ross' brother-in-law, Elijah Hicks, replaced Boudinot as editor.^[9]

Elijah Hicks, an anti-removal Cherokee, replaced Boudinot as editor. When the federal government failed to pay the annuity to the Cherokee in 1834, the paper ceased publication. In August 1835 a contingent of the Georgia Guard took the printing press to prevent any further publication. The real objective was to prevent the newspaper from falling under the influence of John Ross.^[10] The state militia was organized to police the Cherokee territory which the state had claimed.^[3]

Recent developments

The Cherokee Phoenix published intermittently after Cherokee removal to Indian Territory. Since the late 20th century, it has been revived and is now published by the Cherokee Nation as a monthly broadsheet in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The newspaper has since modernized, publishing on the Internet along with the print version.^[11]

A digitized, searchable version of the paper is available through the University of Georgia libraries and the Digital Library of Georgia.^[12] Transcriptions of the English-language portions of the 19th-century newspaper can be found at Western Carolina University's Hunter Library's Web site.^[13]

Artists Jeff Marley and Frank Brannon completed a collaborative project on October 19, 2013, in which they printed using Cherokee syllabary type in the print shop at New Echota. This was the first time syllabary printing type was used at New Echota since 1835.^[14]

Notes

^ LeBeau, Patrik. Term Paper Resource Guide to American Indian History. Greenwoord. Westport, CT: 2009. p. 132. ^{[ISBN missing]}
^ Woods, Thomas E. Exploring American History: Penn, William – Serra, Junípero Cavendish. Tarrytown, NY: 2008. p. 829. ^{[ISBN missing]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Angela F. Pulley, Cherokee Phoenix, New Georgia Encyclopedia (archived on 5 June 2011)
^ Parins, James W. (2005). Elias Cornelius Boudinot A Life on the Cherokee Border. American Indian Lives. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-3752-0.
^ Gabriel, Ralph Henry. Elias Boudinot Cherokee and His America. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1941, p. 91
^ Langguth, p. 76.
^ Cherokee Phoenix Archived July 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Digital Library, Oklahoma State
^ Wilkins, Thurman. Cherokee Tragedy: The Story of the Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People, pp. 235–237, 242–244. London: The Macmillan Company, 1970.
^ Langguth, p. 197
^ Langguth, p. 224.
^ Cherokee Phoenix website, (retrieved October 16, 2010)
^ "GALILEO Digital Initiative Database, Georgia Historic Newspapers". Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2007.
^ Cherokee Phoenix Archived March 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Western Carolina University
^ "Cherokee language printed at historic site for first time in 178 years" Archived February 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Macon County News, October 2013

Sources

Langguth, A. J. Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War. New York, Simon & Schuster. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4165-4859-1.

External links

The Cherokee Phoenix, official website
"Cherokee Phoenix", Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture

[1] LeBeau, Patrik. Term Paper Resource Guide to American Indian History. Greenwoord. Westport, CT: 2009. p. 132. ^{[ISBN missing]}

[2] Woods, Thomas E. Exploring American History: Penn, William – Serra, Junípero Cavendish. Tarrytown, NY: 2008. p. 829. ^{[ISBN missing]}

[NGE-3] Angela F. Pulley, Cherokee Phoenix, New Georgia Encyclopedia (archived on 5 June 2011)

[4] Parins, James W. (2005). Elias Cornelius Boudinot A Life on the Cherokee Border. American Indian Lives. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-3752-0.

[5] Gabriel, Ralph Henry. Elias Boudinot Cherokee and His America. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1941, p. 91

[6] Langguth, p. 76.

[7] Cherokee Phoenix Archived July 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Digital Library, Oklahoma State

[8] Wilkins, Thurman. Cherokee Tragedy: The Story of the Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People, pp. 235–237, 242–244. London: The Macmillan Company, 1970.

[9] Langguth, p. 197

[10] Langguth, p. 224.

[11] Cherokee Phoenix website, (retrieved October 16, 2010)

[12] "GALILEO Digital Initiative Database, Georgia Historic Newspapers". Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2007.

[13] Cherokee Phoenix Archived March 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Western Carolina University

[14] "Cherokee language printed at historic site for first time in 178 years" Archived February 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Macon County News, October 2013

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Native American newspaper}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2017}}
 {{Infobox newspaper
-| name                 = ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ<br/>Cherokee Phoenix
+| name = ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ<br />Cherokee Phoenix
-| logo                 =
+| logo =
-| image                = [[File:Cherokeephoenix-5-1828.png|225px|border]]
+| image = [[File:Cherokeephoenix-5-1828.png|225px|border]]
-| caption              = Front page of the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' 1828
+| caption = Front page of the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' 1828
-| type                 =
+| type = [[Weekly newspaper]]
-| owners               = [[Cherokee Nation]]
+| owners = [[Cherokee Nation]]
-| editor               =
+| editor =
-| foundation           = 1828
+| foundation = 1828
+| founder    = [[Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)|Galagina Oowatie]]<br/>[[Samuel Worcester]]
-| headquarters         = Cherokee Nation Tribal Complex<br/>Tsa-La-Gi Annex Room 231<br/>[[Tahlequah, Oklahoma]]
+| headquarters = Cherokee Nation Tribal Complex<br />Tsa-La-Gi Annex Room 231<br />[[Tahlequah, Oklahoma]]
-| language             = [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]] and<br/>[[English language|English]]
+| language = [[Cherokee language|Cherokee]] and<br />[[English language|English]]
-| oclc                 = 53811290
+| oclc = 53811290
-| website              = [http://www.cherokeephoenix.org/ cherokeephoenix.org]
+| website = [http://www.cherokeephoenix.org/ cherokeephoenix.org]
 }}
-The '''''Cherokee Phoenix''''' (ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ, ''Tsalagi Tsulehisanvhi'') was the first newspaper published by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] in the [[United States]] and the first published in a Native American language.<ref>LeBeau, Patrik. ''Term Paper Resource Guide to American Indian History.'' Greenwoord. Westport, CT: 2009. p132.</ref><ref>Woods, Thomas E. ''Exploring American History: Penn, William - Serra, Junípero'' Cavendish. Tarrytown, NY: 2008. p829.</ref> The first issue was published in English and Cherokee on February 21, 1828, in [[New Echota]], capital of the [[Cherokee Nation (19th century)|Cherokee Nation]] (present-day Georgia). The paper continued until 1834. The ''Cherokee Phoenix'' was revived in the 20th century, and today it publishes both print and Internet versions.
+The '''''Cherokee Phoenix''''' ({{langx|chr|ᏣᎳᎩ ᏧᎴᎯᏌᏅᎯ|translit=Tsalagi Tsulehisanvhi}}) is the first [[Native_American_newspapers|newspaper published by Native Americans]] in the [[United States]] and the first published in a Native American language.<ref>LeBeau, Patrik. ''Term Paper Resource Guide to American Indian History.'' Greenwoord. Westport, CT: 2009. p. 132. {{ISBN?}}</ref><ref>Woods, Thomas E. ''Exploring American History: Penn, William – Serra, Junípero'' Cavendish. Tarrytown, NY: 2008. p. 829. {{ISBN?}}</ref> The first issue was published in English and Cherokee on February 21, 1828, in [[New Echota]], capital of the [[Cherokee Nation (19th century)|Cherokee Nation]] (present-day Georgia). The paper continued until 1834. The ''Cherokee Phoenix'' was revived in the 20th century, and today it publishes both print and Internet versions.
 ==19th century==
-[[File:Printshop at New Echota.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Reconstruction of the original print shop located at New Echota, in which the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' was printed]]
+[[File: Printshop at New Echota.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Reconstruction of the original print shop located at New Echota, in which the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' was printed]]
-In the mid-1820s the Cherokee tribe was being pressured from the government and particularly Georgia to remove to new lands west of the Mississippi River, or to end their tribal government and surrender control of their traditional territory to the United States (US) government. The General Council of the Cherokee Nation established a newspaper, in collaboration with [[Samuel Worcester]], a [[missionary]], who cast the type for the Cherokee syllabary.  The Council selected [[Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)|Elias Boudinot]] as the first editor.<ref name="NGE">[http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-611 Angela F. Pulley, ''Cherokee Phoenix''], ''New Georgia Encyclopedia''</ref>
+In the mid-1820s the Cherokee tribe was being pressured by the government, and by Georgia in particular, to remove to new lands west of the Mississippi River, or to end their tribal government and surrender control of their traditional territory to the United States (US) government. The General Council of the Cherokee Nation established a newspaper, in collaboration with [[Samuel Worcester]], a [[missionary]], who cast the type for the Cherokee syllabary.  The Council selected [[Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)|Elias Boudinot]] as the first editor.<ref name="NGE">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110605190550/https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-611 Angela F. Pulley, ''Cherokee Phoenix''], ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'' (archived on 5 June 2011)</ref>
-Named ''Galagina Oowatie,'' in the Cherokee language, Elias Boudinot was born in 1804 at Oothcaloga, Cherokee Nation, near present-day [[Chatsworth, Georgia]].<ref name="NGE"/> He chose the name of Elias Boudinot after meeting [[Elias Boudinot|the statesman]], while on his way to the [[Foreign Mission School]] in Cornwall, Connecticut, where he graduated. There Boudinot married [[Harriet R. Gold Boudinot|Harriet Ruggles Gold]], daughter of a prominent Congregational family. They returned to live at New Echota. Boudinot edited the newspaper for its first four and a half years.
+Named ''Galagina Oowatie'' (ᎦᎴᎩᎾ ᎤᏩᏘ) in the Cherokee language, Elias Boudinot was born in 1804 at Oothcaloga, Cherokee Nation, near present-day [[Chatsworth, Georgia]].<ref name="NGE"/> He chose the name of Elias Boudinot after meeting [[Elias Boudinot|the statesman]], while on his way to the [[Foreign Mission School]] in Cornwall, Connecticut, where he graduated.<ref>{{cite book | author= Parins, James W. | title= Elias Cornelius Boudinot A Life on the Cherokee Border | series= American Indian Lives | publisher= University of Nebraska Press | year= 2005 | isbn= 978-0-8032-3752-0 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YuaSjyiVc1YC}}</ref> There Boudinot married [[Harriet R. Gold Boudinot|Harriet Ruggles Gold]], daughter of a prominent Congregational family. They returned to live at New Echota.<ref>Gabriel, Ralph Henry. ''Elias Boudinot Cherokee and His America.'' Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1941, p. 91</ref>
-Boudinot named the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' as a symbol of renewal, for the mythical bird that rose to new life from ashes of fire. The Nation founded the paper to gather support and to help keep members of the Cherokee Nation united and informed. The newspaper was printed in English and Cherokee, using the [[Cherokee syllabary]] developed in 1821 by [[Sequoyah]]. According to Langguth, those who could only read Cherokee received the paper free, while those who could read English paid according to a sliding scale:$2.50 a year if they paid in advance and $3.50 a year if they waited a year.<ref>Langguth, p. 76.</ref> It served as the primary vehicle of communication among the many Cherokee townships that constituted the Cherokee Nation.  The Nation occupied parts of what are now [[Virginia]], [[North Carolina]], [[Alabama]] and Georgia.
+Boudinot named the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' as a symbol of renewal, for the mythical bird that rose to new life from ashes of fire. The Nation founded the paper to gather support and to help keep members of the Cherokee Nation united and informed. The newspaper was printed in English and Cherokee, using the [[Cherokee syllabary]] developed in 1821 by [[Sequoyah]]. According to Langguth, those who could only read Cherokee received the paper free, while those who could read English paid according to a sliding scale:$2.50 a year if they paid in advance and $3.50 a year if they waited a year.<ref>Langguth, p. 76.</ref> It served as the primary vehicle of communication among the many Cherokee townships that constituted the Cherokee Nation.  The Nation occupied parts of what are now [[Virginia]], [[North Carolina]], [[Alabama]] and Georgia.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}
-[[File:Bilingual notice in English and Cherokee 1828.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bilingual notice in English and Cherokee, published in the ''Cherokee Phoenix'', May 15, 1828.]]
+[[File: Bilingual notice in English and Cherokee 1828.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bilingual notice in English and Cherokee, published in the ''Cherokee Phoenix'', May 15, 1828.]]
-The first issue appeared February 21, 1828. It contained five columns on each of its four pages. The editor announced that, because translation between English and Cherokee was slow, initially the paper would print only three columns each week in the Cherokee language. The first issue covered a variety of subjects. Samuel Worcester wrote an article praising Sequoyah's invention of the syllabary, and Boudinot's first editorial criticized white settlers wanting Cherokee land. As the issue of removal attracted  attention in the United States (US), the newspaper arranged a fund-raising and publicity tour, which attracted new subscribers from almost all areas of the US and Europe. Boudinot gradually published mostly in English, trying to reach that larger audience.<ref name="NGE"/>
+The first issue appeared on February 21, 1828. It contained five columns on each of its four pages. The editor announced that, because translation between English and Cherokee was slow, initially the paper would print only three columns each week in the Cherokee language. The first issue covered a variety of subjects. Samuel Worcester wrote an article praising Sequoyah's invention of the syllabary, and Boudinot's first editorial criticized white settlers wanting Cherokee land. As the issue of removal attracted attention in the United States (US), the newspaper arranged a fund-raising and publicity tour, which attracted new subscribers from almost all areas of the US and Europe. Boudinot gradually published mostly in English, trying to reach that larger audience.<ref name="NGE"/>
-In 1829, Boudinot renamed the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' as the ''Cherokee Phoenix and Indians’ Advocate'', reflecting his intention to influence an audience beyond the Cherokee. He addressed issues which Indians across the United States and its territories faced related to assimilation and removal from their traditional homelands. The paper no longer related solely the Cherokee tribe. The paper also offered stories about debates over Indian removal and U.S. Supreme Court cases that affected Indian life.<ref>[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH022.html ''Cherokee Phoenix''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719223051/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH022.html |date=July 19, 2010 }}, Digital Library, Oklahoma State</ref>
+In 1829, Boudinot renamed the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' as the ''Cherokee Phoenix and Indians' Advocate'', reflecting his intention to influence an audience beyond the Cherokee. He addressed issues which Indians across the United States and its territories faced related to assimilation and removal from their traditional homelands. The paper no longer related solely to the Cherokee tribe. The paper also offered stories about debates over Indian removal and U.S. Supreme Court cases that affected Indian life.<ref>[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH022.html ''Cherokee Phoenix''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719223051/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH022.html |date=July 19, 2010 }}, Digital Library, Oklahoma State</ref>
-Boudinot believed removal was inevitable and that the Cherokee should protect their rights by treaty. He was allied with [[Major Ridge]] in this view. His views were opposed by the majority of the Cherokee, including [[John Ross (Cherokee chief)|Principal Chief John Ross]], elected by the constitutional republic in 1828. The Council forced Boudinot to resign in 1832.
+Boudinot believed removal was inevitable and that the Cherokee should protect their rights by treaty. He was allied with [[Major Ridge]] in this view. His views were opposed by the majority of the Cherokee, including [[John Ross (Cherokee chief)|Principal Chief John Ross]], elected by the constitutional republic in 1828. Former allies in the Cherokee government turned against Boudinot and other "treaty advocates". Opponents attacked the men's loyalty and prevented their speaking in councils. Ross denounced Boudinot's "toleration of diversified views in the ''Cherokee Phoenix'' and forbade Boudinot from discussing pro-removal arguments in the paper. In protest, Boudinot resigned in the spring of 1832.<ref>Wilkins, Thurman. ''Cherokee Tragedy: The Story of the Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People,'' pp. 235–237, 242–244.  London: The Macmillan Company, 1970.</ref> Ross' brother-in-law, Elijah Hicks, replaced Boudinot as editor.<ref>Langguth, p. 197</ref>
 Elijah Hicks, an anti-removal Cherokee, replaced Boudinot as editor. When the federal government failed to pay the annuity to the Cherokee in 1834, the paper ceased publication. In August 1835 a contingent of the Georgia Guard took the printing press to prevent any further publication. The real objective was to prevent the newspaper from falling under the influence of John Ross.<ref>Langguth, p. 224.</ref> The state [[militia]] was organized to police the Cherokee territory which the state had claimed.<ref name="NGE"/>
 ==Recent developments==
+[[File:Museum of the Cherokee Indian - October 2023 - Sarah Stierch 05.jpg|thumb|The ''Cherokee Phoenix'' printing press on display at the [[Museum of the Cherokee Indian]]]]
-The ''Cherokee Phoenix'' published intermittently after Cherokee removal to Indian Territory. Since the late 20th century, it was revived and is now published by the [[Cherokee Nation]] as a monthly broadsheet in [[Tahlequah, Oklahoma]]. The newspaper has modernized. It publishes on the Internet and is available on the [[iPhone]], and there is a print version.<ref>[http://www.cherokeephoenix.org ''Cherokee Phoenix'' website], (retrieved 16 Oct 2010)</ref>
+The ''Cherokee Phoenix'' published intermittently after Cherokee removal to Indian Territory. Since the late 20th century, it has been revived and is now published by the [[Cherokee Nation]] as a monthly broadsheet in [[Tahlequah, Oklahoma]]. The newspaper has since modernized, publishing on the Internet along with the print version.<ref>[http://www.cherokeephoenix.org ''Cherokee Phoenix'' website], (retrieved October 16, 2010)</ref>
-A digitized, searchable version of the paper is available through the [[University of Georgia]] libraries and the Digital Library of Georgia.<ref>[http://neptune3.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/ftaccess.cgi?_id=7f000001&dbs=ZLGN GALILEO Digital Initiative Database, Georgia Historic Newspapers]</ref> Transcriptions of the English-language portions of the 19th-century newspaper can be found at [[Western Carolina University]]'s [[Hunter Library]]'s Web site.<ref>[http://www.wcu.edu/library/CherokeePhoenix ''Cherokee Phoenix''], Western Carolina University</ref>
+A digitized, searchable version of the paper is available through the [[University of Georgia]] libraries and the Digital Library of Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://neptune3.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/ftaccess.cgi?_id=7f000001&dbs=ZLGN |title=GALILEO Digital Initiative Database, Georgia Historic Newspapers |access-date=May 30, 2007 |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920225832/http://neptune3.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/ftaccess.cgi?_id=7f000001&dbs=ZLGN |url-status=dead }}</ref> Transcriptions of the English-language portions of the 19th-century newspaper can be found at [[Western Carolina University]]'s [[Hunter Library]]'s Web site.<ref>[http://www.wcu.edu/library/CherokeePhoenix ''Cherokee Phoenix''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316100734/http://www.wcu.edu/library/CherokeePhoenix/ |date=March 16, 2011 }}, Western Carolina University</ref>
-Artists Jeff Marley and [[Frank Brannon]] completed a collaborative project on October 19, 2013, in which they printed using [[Cherokee syllabary]] type in the print shop at [[New Echota]]. This was the first time syllabary printing type was used at New Echota since 1835.<ref>[http://www.maconnews.com/news/community/5859-cherokee-language-printed-at-historic-site-for-first-time-in-178-years "Cherokee language printed at historic site for first time in 178 years"], ''Macon County News'', October 2013</ref>
+Artists Jeff Marley and [[Frank Brannon]] completed a collaborative project on October 19, 2013, in which they printed using [[Cherokee syllabary]] type in the print shop at [[New Echota]]. This was the first time syllabary printing type was used at New Echota since 1835.<ref>[http://www.maconnews.com/news/community/5859-cherokee-language-printed-at-historic-site-for-first-time-in-178-years "Cherokee language printed at historic site for first time in 178 years"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225214759/http://www.maconnews.com/news/community/5859-cherokee-language-printed-at-historic-site-for-first-time-in-178-years |date=February 25, 2014 }}, ''Macon County News'', October 2013</ref>
 ==See also==
-{{Portal|Indigenous peoples of North America|Journalism|United States}}
+{{Portal|Journalism|United States}}
-*[[Cherokee language]]
+* ''[[Cherokee Advocate]]'' (1844–1906), a separate publication
-*''[[Ádahooníłígíí]]''
+* ''[[Ádahooníłígíí]]''
 ==Notes==
-{{reflist}}
+{{reflist|30em}}
 ==Sources==
-*Langguth, A. J. ''Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War''. New York, Simon & Schuster. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4165-4859-1.
+* Langguth, A. J. ''Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War''. New York, Simon & Schuster. 2010. {{ISBN|978-1-4165-4859-1}}.
 ==External links==
+{{commonscat}}
 * [http://www.cherokeephoenix.org ''The Cherokee Phoenix''], official website
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100719223051/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH022.html " 'Cherokee Phoenix' "], ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100719223051/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH022.html "Cherokee Phoenix"], ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''
 {{Cherokee}}
+{{Indigenous media}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Cherokee culture]]
-[[Category:Native American media]]
+[[Category:Native American newspapers]]
 [[Category:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)]]
 [[Category:Newspapers published in Oklahoma]]
 [[Category:Bilingual newspapers]]
-[[Category:Publications established in 1828]]
+[[Category:Newspapers established in 1828]]
 [[Category:Publications disestablished in 1834]]
 [[Category:1828 establishments in the United States]]
 [[Category:1834 disestablishments in the United States]]
+[[Category:Organizations based in the Cherokee Nation]]

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History	History timeline military Treaties Kituwa Ani-kutani skiagusta (rank) outacite (rank) Raven of Chota Wars Tribal Wars Battle of Taliwa Anglo-Cherokee War Siege of Fort Loudoun Battle of Echoee Cherokee War of 1776 Cherokee–American wars Battle of Hightower Battle of Lindley's Fort Nickajack Expedition American Civil War 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles Cherokee treaties Treaty of New Echota Treaty of Tellico Treaty of Turkeytown Treaty of Dewitt's Corner Treaty of Hard Labour Treaty of Lochaber Treaty of Hopewell Treaty of Holston Jackson and McMinn Treaty Transylvania Purchase Chickamauga Cherokee Overhill Cherokee Cherokee Phoenix Cherokee Nation (1794–1907) Removal Trail of Tears Indian Removal Act Cherokee descent Jacob Brown Grant Deeds Texas Cherokees
Organizations	Heritage Center Cherokee Preservation Foundation Warriors Society Original Keetoowah Society Keetoowah Nighthawk Society Youth Choir Heritage groups Cherokee Southwest Township Oconaluftee Indian Village Unto These Hills Education Female Seminary Male Seminary Cherokee Central Schools Cherokee High School Sequoyah Schools Sequoyah High School
Politics and law	Principal Chiefs Blood Law Slavery 1842 revolt freedmen controversy Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) Worcester v. Georgia (1832) The Cherokee Tobacco case (1871) Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt (2005) Cherokee Commission Cherokee Strip in Kansas Sequoyah Constitutional Convention
Towns and villages	Cherokee Towns (pre-Removal) Amoyeligunahita Brasstown Chatuga Chilhowee Chota Conasauga Cowee Coyotee Crowtown Dirt town Ducktown Etowah Frogtown Hiwassee Hiwassee Island Island town Isunigu Joara Keowee Kituwa Kulsetsiyi Long Swamp Mialoquo Nacoochee Nantahala New Echota Nickajack Nikwasi Nununyi Ocoee Oconee Oostanaula Red Clay Settico Spike Bucktown Talisi Talulah Tanasi Tellico Tomassee Tomotley Toqua Toxoway Tsatanugi Tuckasegee Tugaloo Turkeytown Turtletown Tuskegee Running Water Titsohili Cherokee Nations Western Cherokee Nation Cherokee Nation Tahlequah Tahlonteeskee Eastern Band Cherokee Qualla Boundary
Landmarks and memorial sites	Cherokee National Capitol Cherokee Removal Memorial Park Chieftains Museum First Cherokee Female Seminary Site Judaculla Rock Long Island John Ross House Ross's Landing Sequoyah's Cabin Tellico Blockhouse Trail of Tears State Park Brainerd Mission Rattlesnake Springs Fort Cass Red Clay State Historic Park Hair Conrad Cabin Nancy Ward Tomb Blythe Ferry Bussell Island Chief Vann House Historic Site Mantle Rock Museum of the Cherokee People Untokiasdiyi Standing Stone Stick Ball Grounds Cullasaja River Tuckasegee River Oconaluftee valley Oconaluftee River Abrams Creek Sycamore Shoals The Great Trading Path The Great War Path Hiwassee River Heritage Center Chatata Tuckaleechee Fort Smith Historic Site Port Royal State Park Five Civilized Tribes Museum Tlanusiyi Cherokee Path
People	Early leaders Moytoy of Tellico Attakullakulla Amouskositte Old Hop Moytoy of Citico Standing Turkey Outacite of Keowee Oconostota Savanukah Old Tassel Little Turkey Dragging Canoe Kunokeski Incalatanga Tagwadihi Cherokee Nation East (1794–1839) Enola Pathkiller Big Tiger Charles R. Hicks William Hicks John Ross Cherokee Nation West (1810–1839) The Bowl Degadoga Tahlonteeskee John Jolly Sam Houston John Looney John Rogers Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824–present) Yonaguska William Holland Thomas Tsaladihi Gerard Parker Joyce Dugan Patrick Lambert Richard Sneed Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907) Lewis Downing Degataga William P. Ross Utselata Dennis Bushyhead Joel B. Mayes Johnson Harris Samuel Houston Mayes Thomas Buffington William Charles Rogers Cherokee Nation (1975–present) J. B. Milam W. W. Keeler Ross Swimmer Wilma Mankiller Joe Byrd Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith Bill John Baker Chuck Hoskin Jr. United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present) James L. Gordon John W. Hair Other notable Cherokee Nancy Ward Tsali Tahlonteeskee (warrior) Turtle-at-Home Junaluska Goingsnake Elias Boudinot Wauhatchie James Vann David Vann Joseph Vann Bob Benge Nunnahitsunega Ned Christie John Martin Markwayne Mullin Yvette Herrell Sequoya Major Ridge Jenny McIntosh Sam Sixkiller Clement V. Rogers Redbird Smith Durbin Feeling Hastings Shade Kimberly Teehee Shawna Baker
See also: Cherokee-language Wikipedia