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{{Short description|Utility aircraft in the US}}
[[Image:Catabria01.jpg|thumb|right|Citabria above [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]] airfield]]
{{More citations needed|date=February 2009}}
The '''Citabria''' is a [[general aviation]] [[aircraft]] that has been produced over a period of more than 40 years in the [[United States]]. It was first produced in [[1964]] by the now-defunct [[Champion Aircraft Corporation]], and was a derivative of the [[Aeronca]] [[Aeronca Champion|7AC Champion]] trainer aircraft which first flew in [[1944]]. On the demise of Champion, the design was acquired by [[Bellanca]], which produced it from around [[1970]] until [[1988]], but sold the design to the then newly formed [[American Champion]] company, which recommenced production of new aircraft in [[1990]].


<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
The Citabria is a high-wing [[monoplane]] of [[conventional landing gear]] design with an unusual square fin. Most examples produced have elaborate wheelguards (though the example pictured does not). Though the Citabria's airframe is stressed (+5g,-2g) for basic [[aerobatics]] ("Citabria" is "Airbatic" backwards), the aircraft's abilities are limited due to high stick forces, a highly cambered aerofoil section, and no inverted fuel delivery system. The Citabria is mainly used for training and private flying.
{{Infobox aircraft
[[Image:Citabria_7GCBC.jpg|thumb|right|A 2005 Citabria 7GCBC above]]
|name=Citabria
[[As of 2005]], three versions are in production:
|image=Citabria_7GCBC.jpg
*[[Citabria 7ECA|7ECA]] Aurora
|caption=<!--image caption; if it isn't descriptive it should be left blank-->
*[[Citabria 7GCAA|7GCAA]] Adventure
|type=Light [[utility aircraft]] and sports plane
*[[Citabria 7GCBC|7GCBC]] Explorer
|manufacturer=[[American Champion|American Champion Aircraft]]<br>[[AviaBellanca Aircraft|Bellanca]]<br>[[Champion Aircraft]]
|designer=[[Champion Aircraft (Wisconsin)|Champion Aircraft]]
|first_flight=1964
|introduction=1964
|retired=
|status=In production<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amerchampionaircraft.com/NewSite2013/NewAircraft/NewAircraft.html |title=American Champion Aircraft |publisher=Amerchampionaircraft.com |access-date=2014-06-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817113954/http://amerchampionaircraft.com/NewSite2013/NewAircraft/NewAircraft.html |archive-date=2014-08-17 }}</ref>
|primary_user=
|more_users=
|produced= 1964-present
|number_built=over 5,238
|unit cost=
|variants=
}}
The '''Citabria''' is a light single-engine, two-seat, fixed [[conventional gear]] [[airplane]] which entered production in the United States in 1964. Designed for [[flight training]], [[utility aircraft|utility]] and personal use, it is capable of sustaining [[aerobatic]] stresses from +5g to -2[[g-force|g]]. Its name, "airbatic" backwards, reflects this.


==Production history==
The 7ECA version is equipped with a 115 horsepower engine, fixed pitch propeller and has no flaps.
The Citabria was designed and initially produced by [[Champion Aircraft]] Corporation, and was a derivative of designs the company had been building since acquiring the 7-series [[Aeronca Champ|Champ]] from [[Aeronca Aircraft|Aeronca]] in 1954. The model 7ECA Citabria entered production at Champion in 1964. The 7GCAA and 7GCBC variants, added in 1965, were joined by the 7KCAB in 1968.


In 1970, Champion was acquired by [[AviaBellanca Aircraft|Bellanca Aircraft Corporation]], which continued production of all of the Champion-designed variants. Bellanca introduced two designs with close connections to the Citabria: The [[8KCAB Decathlon]] and the [[8GCBC Scout]]. Production at Bellanca ended in 1980 and the company's assets were liquidated in 1982.
The 7GCAA is identical to the 7ECA except it has a 160 horsepower engine. The larger horsepower engine adds a small increase to the cruise speed but adds significantly to the rate-of-climb or vertical speed. This helps a lot when climbing back to altitude after an aerobatic manuver.


The Citabria designs passed through the hands of a number of companies through the 1980s, including a [[Champion Aircraft (Texas)|Champion Aircraft Company]] which was no relation to the Champion Aircraft of the 1960s. In that period, only one Citabria model was built—a 7GCBC marketed as "Citabria 150S." [[American Champion|American Champion Aircraft Corporation]] acquired the Citabria, Decathlon, and Scout designs in 1989 and returned the 7ECA, 7GCAA, and 7GCBC models to production over a period of years.
The 7GCBC has the 160 horsepower engine plus flaps. Flaps are airfoils that can be extended from the trailing edge of the wing to increase aerodynamic drag and increase "lift." During landing flaps are used to increase the rate of descent without increasing airspeed.


==Design==
Several other models also exist like the Decathalon that has symmetrical wings, constant speed propeller plus inverted fuel and oil systems for competition aerobatics... or the Scout series with 180 horsepower, higher gross weight for bush pilot type flying.
The Citabria traces its lineage back to the Champ. The most noticeable external changes to the design are the Citabria's squared-off [[rudder#Aircraft rudders|rudder]] surface, wingtips, and rear windows. Like the Champ, the Citabria features tandem seating. The [[fuselage]] and tail surfaces are constructed of welded metal tubing. The outer shape of the fuselage is created by a combination of wooden [[former]]s and [[longeron]]s, covered with fabric. The cross-section of the metal fuselage truss is triangular, a design feature which can be traced all the way back to the earliest [[Aeronca C-2]] design of the late 1920s.


[[File:Bellanca.citabria.arp.jpg|thumb|1980-built Bellanca 7ECA Citabria]]
The strut-braced [[wing#Artificial wings|wings]] of the Citabria are, like the fuselage and tail surfaces, fabric covered, utilizing aluminum [[rib (aircraft)|ribs]]. Most Citabrias were built with wooden [[spar (aviation)|spars]]. American Champion has been using aluminum spars in the aircraft it has produced and has, as well, made the aluminum-spar wings available for retrofit installation on older aircraft.


The landing gear of the Citabria is in a [[Conventional landing gear|conventional arrangement]]. The main gear legs of most Citabrias are made of spring steel, though American Champion began to use aluminum gear legs in 2004. Early Citabrias were fitted with a steel tube main gear which uses an oleo strut for shock absorption. All of the variants are discussed in more detail below.
==Specifications==
{{aircraft specifications


==Operational history==
|plane or copter?=plane
[[File:SchweizerSGS1-34C-FDUZ31.JPG|thumb|right|A Champion 7GCAA Citabria towing a [[Schweizer SGS 1-34]] sailplane]]
|jet or prop?=prop
When the Citabria was introduced, it was the only airplane being commercially produced in the United States which was certified for aerobatics. Citabrias were also popular as trainers—because of their conventional gear and their aerobatic capabilities—and as personal aircraft. They were also found in utility roles as [[bush planes]]—thanks to their [[STOL|short take off and landing (STOL)]] ability, [[aerial application|agriculture]], pipeline patrol, and as [[glider towplane]]s. Though variants of the design, and other better-suited designs have largely taken over the Citabria's utility roles, Citabrias remain popular as trainers, glider towplanes, and for personal use.
|ref={{cite encyclopedia
| title = Donald, David
| encyclopedia =The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft
| volume =
| pages = pg 118
| publisher = Prospero Books
| date = 1997
| id = ISBN 1-85605-375-X
| accessdate = }}


==Variants==
|crew=
|capacity=2
|payload main=
|payload alt=
|length main=22 ft 8.5in
|length alt=6.92 m
|span main=33 ft 5 in
|span alt=10.19 m
|height main=7 ft 8.5in
|height alt=2.35 m
|area main=165 sq ft
|area alt=15.33 m²
|airfoil=
|empty weight main=1,067 lb
|empty weight alt=484 kg
|loaded weight main=
|loaded weight alt=
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main=1650 lb
|max takeoff weight alt=748 kg
|more general=


===7ECA, Citabria Standard, Citabria Aurora===
|engine (jet)=
[[File:American Champion 7ECA Citabria Aurora Kyneton Vabre.jpg|thumb|7ECA at [[Kyneton, Victoria]]]]
|type of jet=
Introduced in 1964, the 7ECA was the first version of the design and utilized the [[Continental O-200|Continental O-200-A]] engine of {{convert|100|hp}}. When introduced, it featured wood-spar wings and [[Oleo (shock absorber)|oleo-shock]] main gear. Within the first year of production, Champion began offering the [[Lycoming O-235|Lycoming O-235-C1]] engine of {{convert|115|hp}} as an alternative to the Continental. In 1967, Champion switched to [[spring steel]] main gear legs; by then, the Lycoming engine had become the standard. On acquiring the design, Bellanca gave this model the name Citabria "Standard" and began using the {{convert|115|hp}} Lycoming O-235-K2C engine. When American Champion reintroduced the 7ECA in 1995 as the Citabria "Aurora, " the biggest change was the use of metal-spar wings; the most recent significant design change has been the switch to aluminum main gear legs in 2004.
|number of jets=
|thrust main=
|thrust alt=
|thrust original=
|afterburning thrust main=
|afterburning thrust alt=
|engine (prop)=
|type of prop=[[Avco Lycoming]] O-235-K2C flat-four piston
|number of props=1
|power main=115 hp
|power alt=86 kW
|power original=


===7GCAA, Citabria 150, Citabria "A" Package, Citabria Adventure===
|max speed main=125 mph
[[File:Bellanca 7GCAA (N2745Z).jpg|thumb|Bellanca 7GCAA]]
|max speed alt=201 km/h
Introduced in 1965, the Champion 7GCAA, like the 7ECA, featured wood-spar wings and oleo-shock main gear. The major difference was in the engine, which in the 7GCAA was a [[Lycoming O-320|Lycoming O-320-A2B]] of {{convert|150|hp}}. Champion switched to spring steel main gear legs in 1967. Bellanca continued production of the 7GCAA as the Citabria "A" Package (a designation apparently begun by Champion), but with no significant design changes. American Champion's 7GCAA, reintroduced in 1997 as the Citabria "Adventure," is similar to earlier versions, with the exception of the metal-spar wings and the use of the Lycoming O-320-B2B engine of {{convert|160|hp}}; the most recent significant design change has been the switch to aluminum main gear legs in 2004. An "Ultimate Adventure" version, with a [[Superior Air Parts|Superior]] [[Vantage O-360|Vantage O-360-A3A2]] engine of {{convert|180|hp}} and a [[composite material|composite]] [[propeller (aircraft)|propeller]], is also produced by American Champion.
|cruise speed main=117 mph
|cruise speed alt=189 km/h
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|range main=717 miles
|range alt=1154 km
|ceiling main=12,000 ft
|ceiling alt=3660 m
|climb rate main=
|climb rate alt=
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=


===7GCBC, Citabria 150s, Citabria "C" Package, Citabria Explorer===
|armament=
[[File:Bellanca 7GCBC (N68576).jpg|thumb|Bellanca 7GCBC]]
Champion introduced the 7GCBC in 1965. It was substantially similar to the 7GCAA of the same year, with a Lycoming O-320-A2B engine of {{convert|150|hp}}, wood-spar wings, and spring steel main gear legs. The major differences between these two models are that the 7GCBC has a wingspan of {{convert|34.5|ft|m}}, {{convert|1|ft|m|adj=on}} longer than the 7ECA and 7GCAA, and carries wing [[flap (aircraft)|flaps]]. Bellanca continued production of the 7GCBC, calling it the Citabria "C" Package (a designation apparently begun by Champion). American Champion's 7GCBC, reintroduced in 1994 as the Citabria "Explorer," is similar to earlier versions, with the exception of the metal-spar wings and the use of the Lycoming O-320-B2B of {{convert|160|hp}}; the most recent significant design change has been the switch to aluminum main gear legs in 2004. A "High Country Explorer" version, with a Superior Vantage O-360-A3A2 engine of {{convert|180|hp}} and larger wheels, is also produced by American Champion.


===7KCAB, Citabria "B" Package===
[[File:Bellanca 7KCAB (N333JS).jpg|thumb|Bellanca 7KCAB]]
Champion introduced the 7KCAB in 1968. It was substantially similar to the 7GCAA of the same year, with wood-spar wings and spring steel main gear legs. The major differences between the 7GCAA and 7KCAB were in the fuel system and the engine oil system. The engine was replaced with a Lycoming IO-320-E2A of {{convert|150|hp}}, while a header tank of 1.5 gallons—located beneath the instrument panel—was added to the fuel system. In addition, the [[carburetor]] was replaced with a [[fuel injection]] system, and a [[Christen Industries]] inverted oil system was fitted to the engine. All of these changes were made in order to allow for extended inverted flight, a mode not possible in the earlier models. Bellanca continued production of the 7KCAB as the Citabria "B" Package (a designation apparently begun by Champion).

===Citabria Pro===
The 8KCAB Citabria Pro was first flown by Champion on 2 August 1968, and was a dedicated aerobatic aircraft based on the standard Citabria.<ref name="jawa69p308"/> It was a [[parasol wing]]ed monoplane, with a revised wing section and a longer fuselage. The prototype had an open cockpit for a single pilot, but the design allowed for conversion to a two seat layout. The aircraft was powered by a {{convert|200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Lycoming IO-360]] Special engine driving a two-bladed propeller.<ref name="jawa69p308"/> It was never put into production at Champion nor by Bellanca which acquired the company and designs only a short time later.

==Military operators==
The 7GCBC Citabria was used as an observation aircraft by the [[Turkish Army]]. One of these aircraft is displayed at the [[Rahmi M Koç Museum]] in [[Istanbul]].
;{{flag|Turkey}}
*[[Turkish Army]]
;{{flag|Tonga}}
*[[Tonga Defence Services aviation|Tongan Maritime Force Air Force]]

==Specifications (7GCAA Citabria)==
[[File:Catabria01.jpg|thumb|Citabria in flight]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1969–70<ref name="jawa69p308">Taylor 1969, p. 308</ref>
|prime units?=imp<!-- imp or kts first for US aircraft, and UK aircraft pre-metrification,
met(ric) first for all others. You MUST choose a format, or no specifications will show -->
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew=one
|capacity=one passenger
|length m=
|length ft=22
|length in=8
|length note=
|span m=
|span ft=33
|span in=5
|span note=
|height m=
|height ft=6
|height in=7+3/4
|height sigfig=3
|height note=
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=165
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=6.72:1
|airfoil=NACA 4412
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=1037
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=1650
|gross weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|39|USgal|impgal L|abbr=on}}
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Lycoming O-320-A2B]]
|eng1 type=four cylinder, [[horizontally opposed]] aircraft engine
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=150<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines -->

|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=McCauley 1C172AGM fixed-pitch metal propeller
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=

<!--
Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=130
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at sea level
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=125
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=at {{convert|8000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=50
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=(without flaps)
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=162
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=
|range miles=537
|range nmi=
|range note=(at max cruise speed)
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=17000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=1120
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=*'''Take-off run to 50 ft (15 m):''' {{convert|630|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}
* '''Landing run from 50 ft (15 m):''' {{convert|755|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}
|avionics=
|avionics=
}}


==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
*[[8KCAB Decathlon|8KCAB Decathlon and Super Decathlon]]
*[[8GCBC Scout]]
|similar aircraft=
*Clipped-wing [[Piper Cub]]
*Swick Clipped-wing [[Taylorcraft B|Taylorcraft]]
*[[Aviat Husky]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}
}}


==External links==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.popularaviation.com/Citabria/ Gallery of enthusiasts' photographs]
*Aircraft specification no. A-759. Revision 67. (Jun. 3, 2005.) Department of Transportation. Federal Aviation Administration.
*{{cite web | url=http://aerofiles.com/_aeron.html | title=American airplanes: Aeronca | work=Aerofiles: A Century of American Aviation | access-date=2006-08-12 }}
*{{cite web | url=http://aerofiles.com/_al.html | title=American airplanes: Al - av | work=Aerofiles: A Century of American Aviation | access-date=2006-08-12 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060815075607/http://aerofiles.com/_al.html| archive-date= 15 August 2006 | url-status= live}}
*{{cite web | url=http://aerofiles.com/_ca.html | title=American airplanes: Ca - ci | work=Aerofiles: A Century of American Aviation | access-date=2006-08-12 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060823142142/http://aerofiles.com/_ca.html| archive-date= 23 August 2006 | url-status= live}}
*{{cite web | url=http://aerofiles.com/_bella.html | title=Bellanca | work=Aerofiles: A Century of American Aviation | access-date=2006-08-12 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060720235706/http://www.aerofiles.com/_bella.html| archive-date= 20 July 2006 | url-status= live}}
*{{cite book|author=Bellanca Aircraft Corporation|title=Pilot's operating manual: Bellanca Citabria, 1975-1977 Series|publisher=Bellanca Aircraft Corporation|year=1978}}
*{{cite web | url=http://www.joeld.net/citabria/history.html | author=Dirnberger, Joel | title=Citabria Pro History | work=A Brief History of the Citabria Pro | access-date=2006-09-10 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Gilbert |first=James |title=Champion Citabria: Pilot Report |magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |date=February 1965 |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=58–60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x6cP6D0WSjEC}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Gilbert |first=James |title=And In This Corner, The Champ: A Pilot Report on the Champion Citabria |magazine=[[Flying (magazine)|Flying]] |date=April 1966 |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=36–41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmBx0b22S9MC}}
*{{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first= John W. R. |editor-link=John W. R. Taylor |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1969–70 |year=1969 |location=London |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd. |isbn=0-354-000-519}}


==External links==
[[category:U.S. civil aircraft]]
{{commons category|American Champion Citabria}}
* [https://www.americanchampionaircraft.com/ American Champion Aircraft Corporation]


{{Aeronca Chief family}}
{{Champion Aircraft}}
{{Bellanca}}
{{American Champion}}
{{Aeronca model numbers}}


[[Category:1960s United States civil utility aircraft]]
{{aero-1970s-stub}}
[[Category:1960s United States civil trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:1960s United States sport aircraft]]
[[Category:Champion aircraft|Citabria]]
[[Category:American Champion aircraft|Citabria]]
[[Category:Bellanca aircraft|Citabria]]
[[Category:Glider tugs]]
[[Category:Aerobatic aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1964]]
[[Category:Aircraft with fixed conventional landing gear]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 10:13, 12 December 2024

Citabria
General information
TypeLight utility aircraft and sports plane
ManufacturerAmerican Champion Aircraft
Bellanca
Champion Aircraft
Designer
StatusIn production[1]
Number builtover 5,238
History
Manufactured1964-present
Introduction date1964
First flight1964

The Citabria is a light single-engine, two-seat, fixed conventional gear airplane which entered production in the United States in 1964. Designed for flight training, utility and personal use, it is capable of sustaining aerobatic stresses from +5g to -2g. Its name, "airbatic" backwards, reflects this.

Production history

[edit]

The Citabria was designed and initially produced by Champion Aircraft Corporation, and was a derivative of designs the company had been building since acquiring the 7-series Champ from Aeronca in 1954. The model 7ECA Citabria entered production at Champion in 1964. The 7GCAA and 7GCBC variants, added in 1965, were joined by the 7KCAB in 1968.

In 1970, Champion was acquired by Bellanca Aircraft Corporation, which continued production of all of the Champion-designed variants. Bellanca introduced two designs with close connections to the Citabria: The 8KCAB Decathlon and the 8GCBC Scout. Production at Bellanca ended in 1980 and the company's assets were liquidated in 1982.

The Citabria designs passed through the hands of a number of companies through the 1980s, including a Champion Aircraft Company which was no relation to the Champion Aircraft of the 1960s. In that period, only one Citabria model was built—a 7GCBC marketed as "Citabria 150S." American Champion Aircraft Corporation acquired the Citabria, Decathlon, and Scout designs in 1989 and returned the 7ECA, 7GCAA, and 7GCBC models to production over a period of years.

Design

[edit]

The Citabria traces its lineage back to the Champ. The most noticeable external changes to the design are the Citabria's squared-off rudder surface, wingtips, and rear windows. Like the Champ, the Citabria features tandem seating. The fuselage and tail surfaces are constructed of welded metal tubing. The outer shape of the fuselage is created by a combination of wooden formers and longerons, covered with fabric. The cross-section of the metal fuselage truss is triangular, a design feature which can be traced all the way back to the earliest Aeronca C-2 design of the late 1920s.

1980-built Bellanca 7ECA Citabria

The strut-braced wings of the Citabria are, like the fuselage and tail surfaces, fabric covered, utilizing aluminum ribs. Most Citabrias were built with wooden spars. American Champion has been using aluminum spars in the aircraft it has produced and has, as well, made the aluminum-spar wings available for retrofit installation on older aircraft.

The landing gear of the Citabria is in a conventional arrangement. The main gear legs of most Citabrias are made of spring steel, though American Champion began to use aluminum gear legs in 2004. Early Citabrias were fitted with a steel tube main gear which uses an oleo strut for shock absorption. All of the variants are discussed in more detail below.

Operational history

[edit]
A Champion 7GCAA Citabria towing a Schweizer SGS 1-34 sailplane

When the Citabria was introduced, it was the only airplane being commercially produced in the United States which was certified for aerobatics. Citabrias were also popular as trainers—because of their conventional gear and their aerobatic capabilities—and as personal aircraft. They were also found in utility roles as bush planes—thanks to their short take off and landing (STOL) ability, agriculture, pipeline patrol, and as glider towplanes. Though variants of the design, and other better-suited designs have largely taken over the Citabria's utility roles, Citabrias remain popular as trainers, glider towplanes, and for personal use.

Variants

[edit]

7ECA, Citabria Standard, Citabria Aurora

[edit]
7ECA at Kyneton, Victoria

Introduced in 1964, the 7ECA was the first version of the design and utilized the Continental O-200-A engine of 100 horsepower (75 kW). When introduced, it featured wood-spar wings and oleo-shock main gear. Within the first year of production, Champion began offering the Lycoming O-235-C1 engine of 115 horsepower (86 kW) as an alternative to the Continental. In 1967, Champion switched to spring steel main gear legs; by then, the Lycoming engine had become the standard. On acquiring the design, Bellanca gave this model the name Citabria "Standard" and began using the 115 horsepower (86 kW) Lycoming O-235-K2C engine. When American Champion reintroduced the 7ECA in 1995 as the Citabria "Aurora, " the biggest change was the use of metal-spar wings; the most recent significant design change has been the switch to aluminum main gear legs in 2004.

7GCAA, Citabria 150, Citabria "A" Package, Citabria Adventure

[edit]
Bellanca 7GCAA

Introduced in 1965, the Champion 7GCAA, like the 7ECA, featured wood-spar wings and oleo-shock main gear. The major difference was in the engine, which in the 7GCAA was a Lycoming O-320-A2B of 150 horsepower (110 kW). Champion switched to spring steel main gear legs in 1967. Bellanca continued production of the 7GCAA as the Citabria "A" Package (a designation apparently begun by Champion), but with no significant design changes. American Champion's 7GCAA, reintroduced in 1997 as the Citabria "Adventure," is similar to earlier versions, with the exception of the metal-spar wings and the use of the Lycoming O-320-B2B engine of 160 horsepower (120 kW); the most recent significant design change has been the switch to aluminum main gear legs in 2004. An "Ultimate Adventure" version, with a Superior Vantage O-360-A3A2 engine of 180 horsepower (130 kW) and a composite propeller, is also produced by American Champion.

7GCBC, Citabria 150s, Citabria "C" Package, Citabria Explorer

[edit]
Bellanca 7GCBC

Champion introduced the 7GCBC in 1965. It was substantially similar to the 7GCAA of the same year, with a Lycoming O-320-A2B engine of 150 horsepower (110 kW), wood-spar wings, and spring steel main gear legs. The major differences between these two models are that the 7GCBC has a wingspan of 34.5 feet (10.5 m), 1-foot (0.30 m) longer than the 7ECA and 7GCAA, and carries wing flaps. Bellanca continued production of the 7GCBC, calling it the Citabria "C" Package (a designation apparently begun by Champion). American Champion's 7GCBC, reintroduced in 1994 as the Citabria "Explorer," is similar to earlier versions, with the exception of the metal-spar wings and the use of the Lycoming O-320-B2B of 160 horsepower (120 kW); the most recent significant design change has been the switch to aluminum main gear legs in 2004. A "High Country Explorer" version, with a Superior Vantage O-360-A3A2 engine of 180 horsepower (130 kW) and larger wheels, is also produced by American Champion.

7KCAB, Citabria "B" Package

[edit]
Bellanca 7KCAB

Champion introduced the 7KCAB in 1968. It was substantially similar to the 7GCAA of the same year, with wood-spar wings and spring steel main gear legs. The major differences between the 7GCAA and 7KCAB were in the fuel system and the engine oil system. The engine was replaced with a Lycoming IO-320-E2A of 150 horsepower (110 kW), while a header tank of 1.5 gallons—located beneath the instrument panel—was added to the fuel system. In addition, the carburetor was replaced with a fuel injection system, and a Christen Industries inverted oil system was fitted to the engine. All of these changes were made in order to allow for extended inverted flight, a mode not possible in the earlier models. Bellanca continued production of the 7KCAB as the Citabria "B" Package (a designation apparently begun by Champion).

Citabria Pro

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The 8KCAB Citabria Pro was first flown by Champion on 2 August 1968, and was a dedicated aerobatic aircraft based on the standard Citabria.[2] It was a parasol winged monoplane, with a revised wing section and a longer fuselage. The prototype had an open cockpit for a single pilot, but the design allowed for conversion to a two seat layout. The aircraft was powered by a 200 hp (150 kW) Lycoming IO-360 Special engine driving a two-bladed propeller.[2] It was never put into production at Champion nor by Bellanca which acquired the company and designs only a short time later.

Military operators

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The 7GCBC Citabria was used as an observation aircraft by the Turkish Army. One of these aircraft is displayed at the Rahmi M Koç Museum in Istanbul.

 Turkey
 Tonga

Specifications (7GCAA Citabria)

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Citabria in flight

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1969–70[2]

General characteristics

  • Crew: one
  • Capacity: one passenger
  • Length: 22 ft 8 in (6.91 m)
  • Wingspan: 33 ft 5 in (10.19 m)
  • Height: 6 ft 7+3⁄4 in (2.03 m)
  • Wing area: 165 sq ft (15.3 m2)
  • Aspect ratio: 6.72:1
  • Airfoil: NACA 4412
  • Empty weight: 1,037 lb (470 kg)
  • Gross weight: 1,650 lb (748 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 39 US gal (32 imp gal; 150 L)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming O-320-A2B four cylinder, horizontally opposed aircraft engine, 150 hp (110 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed McCauley 1C172AGM fixed-pitch metal propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 130 mph (210 km/h, 110 kn) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 125 mph (201 km/h, 109 kn) at 8,000 ft (2,400 m)
  • Stall speed: 50 mph (80 km/h, 43 kn) (without flaps)
  • Never exceed speed: 162 mph (261 km/h, 141 kn)
  • Range: 537 mi (864 km, 467 nmi) (at max cruise speed)
  • Service ceiling: 17,000 ft (5,200 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,120 ft/min (5.7 m/s)
  • Take-off run to 50 ft (15 m): 630 ft (192 m)
  • Landing run from 50 ft (15 m): 755 ft (230 m)

See also

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Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

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  1. ^ "American Champion Aircraft". Amerchampionaircraft.com. Archived from the original on 2014-08-17. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
  2. ^ a b c Taylor 1969, p. 308
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