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{{Short description|High school in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania}} |
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[[File:Liceul Traian 1891.JPG|thumb|Traian National College]] |
[[File:Liceul Traian 1891.JPG|thumb|Traian National College]] |
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'''Traian National College''' ({{ |
'''Traian National College''' ({{langx|ro|Colegiul Național Traian}}) is a high school located at 6 Carol I Boulevard in [[Drobeta-Turnu Severin]], [[Romania]]. |
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The idea of a high school for Turnu Severin appeared in 1864, when the nascent Romanian state implemented an education reform; at the time, local students had to go to [[Craiova]] or elsewhere for high school.<ref name="p2">Pruna, p. 2</ref> A normal school opened in 1877; it was named after the [[Roman emperor]] [[Trajan]] due to his association with the local [[Trajan's Bridge]]. Meanwhile, an apprentices' school was founded in 1872.<ref name="p3">Pruna, p. 3</ref> The two institutions had shut down by 1883, when their furniture and books were used to establish a new gymnasium.<ref name="p2"/> The first years were difficult: the school was located in several rented buildings and in the old town hall; there were a maximum of four teachers for nearly 80 students.<ref name="p4">Pruna, p. 4</ref> |
The idea of a high school for Turnu Severin appeared in 1864, when the nascent Romanian state implemented an education reform; at the time, local students had to go to [[Craiova]] or elsewhere for high school.<ref name="p2">Pruna, p. 2</ref> A normal school opened in 1877; it was named after the [[Roman emperor]] [[Trajan]] due to his association with the local [[Trajan's Bridge]]. Meanwhile, an apprentices' school was founded in 1872.<ref name="p3">Pruna, p. 3</ref> The two institutions had shut down by 1883, when their furniture and books were used to establish a new gymnasium.<ref name="p2"/> The first years were difficult: the school was located in several rented buildings and in the old town hall; there were a maximum of four teachers for nearly 80 students.<ref name="p4">Pruna, p. 4</ref> |
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In 1902, a bronze bust of Carol I, sculpted by an alumnus who had settled in Italy, was placed on a pedestal of [[Ravenna]] granite and set up at the school. During World War I, when the area [[Romania during World War I|was occupied]] by the [[Central Powers]], part of the teachers continued to work, while others withdrew to the [[Western Moldavia]] region, along with the government. Several students and teachers enlisted in the [[Romanian Army]], while a few teachers, including [[George Oprescu]], were detained in German camps located in Bulgaria.<ref name="p3"/> A school stadium was completed in 1923, and a dormitory, now a museum, in 1926. A new, easterly wing was built between 1937 and 1948.<ref name="proiect4"/> In March 1949, early during the [[Communist Romania|communist regime]], Gheorghe Eftimiu and Ion Bocârnea, two 12th-grade students who belonged to the [[Romanian anti-communist resistance movement|anti-communist resistance movement]], were executed in [[Isverna]] forest.<ref name="proiect4"/><ref name="ci">{{in lang|ro}} [[Cicerone Ionițoiu]], [http://www.procesulcomunismului.com/marturii/fonduri/ioanitoiu/dictionar_de/e/dictionare_1.pdf "Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestați, torturați, întemnițați, uciși. Dicționar E"]</ref><ref name="ci2">{{in lang|ro}} Cicerone Ionițoiu, [http://www.procesulcomunismului.com/marturii/fonduri/ioanitoiu/dictionar_ab/ab/dictionarab_17.html "Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestați, torturați, întemnițați, uciși. Dicționar B"]</ref> Over the ensuing decade and a half, three teachers as well as alumni died in prison. A bust of [[Mihai Eminescu]] was inaugurated in 1958, and a statue of Costescu and a student in 1972. The western wing opened in 2003.<ref name="proiect4">"Proiect...", p. 4</ref> Around 1000 students in grades 9 through 12 attend the school.<ref name="proiect5">"Proiect...", p. 5</ref> |
In 1902, a bronze bust of Carol I, sculpted by an alumnus who had settled in Italy, was placed on a pedestal of [[Ravenna]] granite and set up at the school. During World War I, when the area [[Romania during World War I|was occupied]] by the [[Central Powers]], part of the teachers continued to work, while others withdrew to the [[Western Moldavia]] region, along with the government. Several students and teachers enlisted in the [[Romanian Army]], while a few teachers, including [[George Oprescu]], were detained in German camps located in Bulgaria.<ref name="p3"/> A school stadium was completed in 1923, and a dormitory, now a museum, in 1926. A new, easterly wing was built between 1937 and 1948.<ref name="proiect4"/> In March 1949, early during the [[Communist Romania|communist regime]], Gheorghe Eftimiu and Ion Bocârnea, two 12th-grade students who belonged to the [[Romanian anti-communist resistance movement|anti-communist resistance movement]], were executed in [[Isverna]] forest.<ref name="proiect4"/><ref name="ci">{{in lang|ro}} [[Cicerone Ionițoiu]], [http://www.procesulcomunismului.com/marturii/fonduri/ioanitoiu/dictionar_de/e/dictionare_1.pdf "Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestați, torturați, întemnițați, uciși. Dicționar E"]</ref><ref name="ci2">{{in lang|ro}} Cicerone Ionițoiu, [http://www.procesulcomunismului.com/marturii/fonduri/ioanitoiu/dictionar_ab/ab/dictionarab_17.html "Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestați, torturați, întemnițați, uciși. Dicționar B"]</ref> Over the ensuing decade and a half, three teachers as well as alumni died in prison. A bust of [[Mihai Eminescu]] was inaugurated in 1958, and a statue of Costescu and a student in 1972. The western wing opened in 2003.<ref name="proiect4">"Proiect...", p. 4</ref> Around 1000 students in grades 9 through 12 attend the school.<ref name="proiect5">"Proiect...", p. 5</ref> |
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Alumni include [[Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești]], [[Șerban Cioculescu]], [[Ștefan Odobleja]], [[Ioan-Iovitz Popescu]], [[Victor Gomoiu]], [[Ecaterina Andronescu]], [[Mihai Stănișoară]], [[Geo Saizescu]]<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://cntraian.ro/index.php?page=personalitati Personalități] at the Traian National College site</ref> and [[Al. |
Alumni include [[Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești]], [[Șerban Cioculescu]], [[Ștefan Odobleja]], [[Ioan-Iovitz Popescu]], [[Victor Gomoiu]], [[Ecaterina Andronescu]], [[Mihai Stănișoară]], [[Geo Saizescu]]<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://cntraian.ro/index.php?page=personalitati Personalități] at the Traian National College site</ref> and [[Al. C. Calotescu-Neicu]].<ref name="aman">{{in lang|ro}} [http://aman.ro/betawp/wp-content/uploads/personalitati/C/calotescu-neicu%20alexandru.pdf "Calotescu-Neicu, Alexandru C."], at the Alexandru and Aristia Aman County Library</ref> The school building is listed as a [[Monument istoric|historic monument]] by Romania's [[Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs (Romania)|Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs]].<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190627135529/https://patrimoniu.ro/images/LMI/LMI-2010_MH.pdf Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2010: Județul Mehedinți]</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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Latest revision as of 16:23, 12 December 2024
Traian National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național Traian) is a high school located at 6 Carol I Boulevard in Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania.
The idea of a high school for Turnu Severin appeared in 1864, when the nascent Romanian state implemented an education reform; at the time, local students had to go to Craiova or elsewhere for high school.[1] A normal school opened in 1877; it was named after the Roman emperor Trajan due to his association with the local Trajan's Bridge. Meanwhile, an apprentices' school was founded in 1872.[2] The two institutions had shut down by 1883, when their furniture and books were used to establish a new gymnasium.[1] The first years were difficult: the school was located in several rented buildings and in the old town hall; there were a maximum of four teachers for nearly 80 students.[3]
A permanent building, designed by Alexandru Săvulescu, was approved in 1890. Prime Minister Gheorghe Manu attended the groundbreaking, alongside Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, sent by the Education Ministry. Construction proceeded quickly, with the final touches made in late 1891. An attempt to rename the school after Neagoe Basarab was soon dropped.[4] Theodor Costescu, who arrived in 1892, is considered the key figure in the school's early years.[3] He was responsible for introducing a uniform in 1893 and opening a library in 1896. He also designed a garden with flowers and bushes brought from the Mühle House in Timișoara, Austria-Hungary; this was completed in 1899.[5] He was dismissed as principal later that year after a change in government.[6] King Carol I visited in 1897.[5]
In 1902, a bronze bust of Carol I, sculpted by an alumnus who had settled in Italy, was placed on a pedestal of Ravenna granite and set up at the school. During World War I, when the area was occupied by the Central Powers, part of the teachers continued to work, while others withdrew to the Western Moldavia region, along with the government. Several students and teachers enlisted in the Romanian Army, while a few teachers, including George Oprescu, were detained in German camps located in Bulgaria.[2] A school stadium was completed in 1923, and a dormitory, now a museum, in 1926. A new, easterly wing was built between 1937 and 1948.[7] In March 1949, early during the communist regime, Gheorghe Eftimiu and Ion Bocârnea, two 12th-grade students who belonged to the anti-communist resistance movement, were executed in Isverna forest.[7][8][9] Over the ensuing decade and a half, three teachers as well as alumni died in prison. A bust of Mihai Eminescu was inaugurated in 1958, and a statue of Costescu and a student in 1972. The western wing opened in 2003.[7] Around 1000 students in grades 9 through 12 attend the school.[10]
Alumni include Gheorghe Ionescu-Sisești, Șerban Cioculescu, Ștefan Odobleja, Ioan-Iovitz Popescu, Victor Gomoiu, Ecaterina Andronescu, Mihai Stănișoară, Geo Saizescu[11] and Al. C. Calotescu-Neicu.[12] The school building is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.[13]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Pruna, p. 2
- ^ a b Pruna, p. 3
- ^ a b Pruna, p. 4
- ^ Pruna, p. 5
- ^ a b "Proiect...", p. 3
- ^ Pruna, p. 6
- ^ a b c "Proiect...", p. 4
- ^ (in Romanian) Cicerone Ionițoiu, "Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestați, torturați, întemnițați, uciși. Dicționar E"
- ^ (in Romanian) Cicerone Ionițoiu, "Victimele terorii comuniste. Arestați, torturați, întemnițați, uciși. Dicționar B"
- ^ "Proiect...", p. 5
- ^ (in Romanian) Personalități at the Traian National College site
- ^ (in Romanian) "Calotescu-Neicu, Alexandru C.", at the Alexandru and Aristia Aman County Library
- ^ (in Romanian) Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2010: Județul Mehedinți
References
[edit]- (in Romanian) Nicolae Pruna, "Raport asupra campaniei de cercetare privind istoricul Colegiului Național 'Traian' Drobeta Turnu- Severin, în perioada iulie-august 2013", at the Traian National College site
- (in Romanian) Proiect de dezvoltare instituțională 2015–2019, at the Mehedinți County School Inspectorare site