NGC 3783: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation Centaurus}} |
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{{Infobox galaxy |
{{Infobox galaxy |
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| name = NGC 3783 |
| name = NGC 3783 |
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| image = |
| image = File:The eponymous NGC 3783 (potw2416a).jpg |
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| image_scale = 1.4 |
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| caption = |
| caption = NGC 3793 imaged by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] |
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| credit = ESA |
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| epoch = J2000 |
| epoch = J2000 |
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| pronounce = |
| pronounce = |
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| absmag_v = |
| absmag_v = |
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| size_v = {{nowrap|1′.9 × 1′.7}}<ref name="AAA348_685"/> |
| size_v = {{nowrap|1′.9 × 1′.7}}<ref name="AAA348_685"/> |
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| size = ~{{convert|65.25|kpc|ly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}} (estimated){{r|ned}} |
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| notes = [[Seyfert galaxy|Seyfert 1]] |
| notes = [[Seyfert galaxy|Seyfert 1]] |
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| names = {{odlist|MCG=-06-26-004|PGC=36101}}<ref>{{cite simbad|title=NGC 3783|accessdate=2021-02-19}}</ref> |
| names = {{odlist | MCG= -06-26-004 | PGC= 36101 | name= ESO 378- G 014 | IRAS= 11365-3727}}<ref>{{cite simbad|title=NGC 3783|accessdate=2021-02-19}}</ref> |
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| references = |
| references = |
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'''NGC 3783''' is a [[barred spiral galaxy]] located about 135<ref name="ApJ725_2270"/> million [[light year]]s away in the [[constellation]] [[Centaurus]].<ref name="ESO_20june2013"/> Its velocity with respect to the [[cosmic microwave background]] is 3234 ± 22{{nbsp}}km/s, which corresponds to a [[Hubble's law|Hubble distance]] of {{convert|47.70 ± 3.35|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}.{{r|ned}} In addition, two ''non-redshift'' measurements give a distance of {{convert|47.750 ± 9.250|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=off|order=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nDistance?name=NGC+3783 | title = Distance Results for NGC{{nbsp}}3783 | website = NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE | publisher = [[NASA]] | access-date = 12 December 2024}}</ref> It was discovered by [[United_Kingdom|British]] astronomer [[John Herschel]] on 21 April 1835.<ref name="selig">{{cite web | url = https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc37a.htm#3783 | title = New General Catalogue Objects: NGC{{nbsp}}3783 | last = Seligman | first = Courtney | website = Celestial Atlas | access-date = 12 December 2024}}</ref> |
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⚫ | NGC 3783 is inclined by an angle of 23° to the [[Line-of-sight propagation|line of sight]] from the [[Earth]] along a [[position angle]] of about 163°. The [[Galaxy morphological classification|morphological classification]] of SBa<ref name="AAA348_685"/> indicates a bar structure across the center (B) and tightly-wound spiral arms (a).<ref name="Buta2007"/> Although not shown by this classification, observers note the galaxy has a luminous inner ring surrounding the bar structure. The bright compact nucleus is [[Active galactic nucleus|active]] and categorized as a [[Seyfert galaxy|Seyfert 1]] type. This nucleus is a strong source of X-ray emission and undergoes variations in emission across the electromagnetic spectrum.<ref name="AAA348_685"/> |
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[[File:Artist's impression of the surroundings of the supermassive black hole in NGC 3783.jpg|left|thumb|Artist's impression of the surroundings of the supermassive black hole in NGC 3783 (ESO)]] |
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The source of the activity in this galaxy is a rapidly rotating [[supermassive black hole]], which is located at the core and is surrounded by an [[accretion disk]] of dust.<ref name="ApJ736_2_103"/> The estimated mass of this black hole, from [[reverberation mapping]], is about 2.8 million times the [[solar mass|mass of the Sun]].<ref name=Bentz/> [[Interferometry|Interferometric]] observations yield an inner radius of {{Convert|0.16|+/-|0.05|pc|ly|abbr=on|disp=flip}} for the orbiting [[torus]] of dust.<ref name="AAA541_L9"/> |
The source of the activity in this galaxy is a rapidly rotating [[supermassive black hole]], which is located at the core and is surrounded by an [[accretion disk]] of dust.<ref name="ApJ736_2_103"/> The estimated mass of this black hole, from [[reverberation mapping]], is about 2.8 million times the [[solar mass|mass of the Sun]].<ref name=Bentz/> [[Interferometry|Interferometric]] observations yield an inner radius of {{Convert|0.16|+/-|0.05|pc|ly|abbr=on|disp=flip}} for the orbiting [[torus]] of dust.<ref name="AAA541_L9"/> |
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This is a member of a [[Galaxy groups and clusters|loose association]] of 47 galaxies known as the NGC 3783 group. Located at a mean distance of 117 million light-years (36 Mpc), the group is centered at coordinates α = {{RA|11|37|12}}, δ = {{DEC|–37|30|57.6}}: equivalent to about {{Convert|267|kpc|e3ly|abbr=on|disp=flip}} from NGC 3783. The NGC 3783 group has a mean velocity of 2,903 ± 26 km/s with respect to the [[Sun]] and a velocity dispersion of 190 ± 24 km/s. The diffuse X-ray emission of the group is roughly centered on the galaxy NGC 3783.<ref name="MNRAS_371_2_739"/> |
This is a member of a [[Galaxy groups and clusters|loose association]] of 47 galaxies known as the NGC 3783 group. Located at a mean distance of 117 million light-years (36 Mpc), the group is centered at coordinates α = {{RA|11|37|12}}, δ = {{DEC|–37|30|57.6}}: equivalent to about {{Convert|267|kpc|e3ly|abbr=on|disp=flip}} from NGC 3783. The NGC 3783 group has a mean velocity of 2,903 ± 26 km/s with respect to the [[Sun]] and a velocity dispersion of 190 ± 24 km/s. The diffuse X-ray emission of the group is roughly centered on the galaxy NGC 3783.<ref name="MNRAS_371_2_739"/> The NGC 3783 group is located in the Hydra-Antlia region of the [[Hydra–Centaurus Supercluster|Hydra-Centurus Supercluster]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tully |first=R. Brent |title=Nearby galaxies catalog |date=1988 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-35299-4 |location=Cambridge; New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fouque |first1=P. |last2=Gourgoulhon |first2=E. |last3=Chamaraux |first3=P. |last4=Paturel |first4=G. |date=1992-05-01 |title=Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II. The catalogue of groups and group members. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992A&AS...93..211F |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series |volume=93 |pages=211–233 |bibcode=1992A&AS...93..211F |issn=0365-0138}}</ref> |
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== Gallery == |
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<gallery> |
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File:NGC 3783 legacy dr10.jpg|NGC 3783 as seen by the [[Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument#DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys|legacy surveys]]. The bright star on the lower left is [[HD 101274]] |
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</gallery> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="ned">{{cite web |
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| website=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database |
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| publisher = [[NASA]] and [[California_Institute_of_Technology|Caltech]] |
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| title=Results for object NGC 3783 |
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| url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+3783 |
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| access-date=12 December 2024 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ESO_20june2013">{{Citation |
<ref name="ESO_20june2013">{{Citation |
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| title = The active galaxy NGC 3783 in the constellation of Centaurus |
| title = The active galaxy NGC 3783 in the constellation of Centaurus |
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| arxiv = astro-ph/0606463 |
| arxiv = astro-ph/0606463 |
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| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10697.x |
| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10697.x |
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| doi-access = free |
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| bibcode = 2006MNRAS.371..739K |
| bibcode = 2006MNRAS.371..739K |
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| s2cid = 10340132 |
| s2cid = 10340132 |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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<ref name="ApJ131_1163">{{Citation | postscript=. |
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<ref name="ApJ131_1163">{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/498708 |last1=Skrutskie |first1=Michael F. |last2=Cutri |first2=Roc M. |last3=Stiening |first3=Rae |last4=Weinberg |first4=Martin D. |last5=Schneider |first5=Stephen E. |last6=Carpenter |first6=John M. |last7=Beichman |first7=Charles A. |last8=Capps |first8=Richard W. |last9=Chester |first9=Thomas |last10=Elias |first10=Jonathan H. |last11=Huchra |first11=John P. |last12=Liebert |first12=James W. |last13=Lonsdale |first13=Carol J. |last14=Monet |first14=David G. |last15=Price |first15=Stephan |last16=Seitzer |first16=Patrick |last17=Jarrett |first17=Thomas H. |last18=Kirkpatrick |first18=J. Davy |last19=Gizis |first19=John E. |last20=Howard |first20=Elizabeth V. |last21=Evans |first21=Tracey E. |last22=Fowler |first22=John W. |last23=Fullmer |first23=Linda |last24=Hurt |first24=Robert L. |last25=Light |first25=Robert M. |last26=Kopan |first26=Eugene L. |last27=Marsh |first27=Kenneth A. |last28=McCallon |first28=Howard L. |last29=Tam |first29=Robert |last30=Van Dyk |first30=Schuyler D. |last31=Wheelock |first31=Sherry L. |title=The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=1 February 2006 |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=1163–1183 |bibcode=2006AJ....131.1163S |s2cid=18913331 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AJ....131.1163S/abstract |issn=0004-6256 }}</ref> |
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| last1=Skrutskie | first1=Michael F. | last2=Cutri | first2=Roc M. |
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| last3=Stiening | first3=Rae | last4=Weinberg | first4=Martin D. |
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| last5=Schneider | first5=Stephen E. | last6=Carpenter | first6=John M. |
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| last7=Beichman | first7=Charles A. | last8=Capps | first8=Richard W. |
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| last9=Chester | first9=Thomas | last10=Elias | first10=Jonathan H. |
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| last11=Huchra | first11=John P. | last12=Liebert | first12=James W. |
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| last13=Lonsdale | first13=Carol J. | last14=Monet | first14=David G. |
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| last15=Price | first15=Stephan | last16=Seitzer | first16=Patrick |
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| last17=Jarrett | first17=Thomas H. | last18=Kirkpatrick | first18=J. Davy |
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| last19=Gizis | first19=John E. | last20=Howard | first20=Elizabeth V. |
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| last21=Evans | first21=Tracey E. | last22=Fowler | first22=John W. |
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| last23=Fullmer | first23=Linda | last24=Hurt | first24=Robert L. |
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| last25=Light | first25=Robert M. | last26=Kopan | first26=Eugene L. |
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| last27=Marsh | first27=Kenneth A. | last28=McCallon | first28=Howard L. |
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| last29=Tam | first29=Robert | last30=Van Dyk | first30=Schuyler D. |
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| last31=Wheelock | first31=Sherry L. |
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| display-authors=1 |
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| title=The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) |
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| journal=The Astronomical Journal |
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| date=February 1, 2006 | volume=131 | issue=2 | pages=1163–1183 |
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| bibcode=2006AJ....131.1163S | s2cid=18913331 |
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| doi=10.1086/498708 | issn=0004-6256 | doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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<ref name="ApJ725_2270">{{Citation |
<ref name="ApJ725_2270">{{Citation |
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<ref name="MNRAS399_2_683">{{Citation |
<ref name="MNRAS399_2_683">{{Citation |
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⚫ | |||
| last1 = Jones | first1 = D. Heath | last2 = Read | first2 = Mike A. |
| last1 = Jones | first1 = D. Heath | last2 = Read | first2 = Mike A. |
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| last3 = Saunders | first3 = Will | last4 = Colless | first4 = Matthew |
| last3 = Saunders | first3 = Will | last4 = Colless | first4 = Matthew |
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| last31 = Wakamatsu | first31 = Ken-Ichi | last32 = Westra | first32 = Eduard |
| last31 = Wakamatsu | first31 = Ken-Ichi | last32 = Westra | first32 = Eduard |
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| last33 = Williams | first33 = Mary | display-authors = 1 |
| last33 = Williams | first33 = Mary | display-authors = 1 |
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⚫ | |||
| journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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| volume = 399 |
| volume = 399 |
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| date=October 2009 |
| date=October 2009 |
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| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15338.x |
| doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15338.x |
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| bibcode = 2009MNRAS.399..683J |
| doi-access = free | bibcode = 2009MNRAS.399..683J |
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| arxiv = 0903.5451 |
| arxiv = 0903.5451 |
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| s2cid = 119223679 | postscript = . |
| s2cid = 119223679 | postscript = . |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Bentz>{{Citation | postscript = . |
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<ref name=Bentz>{{cite journal|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac19af|title=A Detailed View of the Broad-line Region in NGC 3783 from Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping|year=2021|last1=Bentz|first1=Misty C.|last2=Williams|first2=Peter R.|last3=Street|first3=Rachel|last4=Onken|first4=Christopher A.|last5=Valluri|first5=Monica|last6=Treu|first6=Tommaso|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=920|issue=2|page=112|arxiv=2108.00482|bibcode=2021ApJ...920..112B|s2cid=236777045}}</ref> |
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| title=A Detailed View of the Broad-line Region in NGC 3783 from Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping |
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| last1=Bentz | first1=Misty C. | last2=Williams | first2=Peter R. |
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| last3=Street | first3=Rachel | last4=Onken | first4=Christopher A. |
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| last5=Valluri | first5=Monica | last6=Treu | first6=Tommaso |
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| journal=The Astrophysical Journal | display-authors = 1 |
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| volume=920 | issue=2 | page=112 | year=2021 |
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| arxiv=2108.00482 | bibcode=2021ApJ...920..112B |
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| doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac19af | s2cid=236777045 |
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| doi-access=free |
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}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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| first2 = Barbara | last2 = Kennedy |
| first2 = Barbara | last2 = Kennedy |
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| first3 = Wallace | last3 = Tucker |
| first3 = Wallace | last3 = Tucker |
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| display-authors = 1 |
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| title = Chandra Clocks Million Mile Per Hour Wind Expanding From Vicinity of Giant Black Hole |
| title = Chandra Clocks Million Mile Per Hour Wind Expanding From Vicinity of Giant Black Hole |
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| pages = 13 |
| pages = 13 |
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| first4 = Wolfgang | last4 = Duschl |
| first4 = Wolfgang | last4 = Duschl |
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| first5 = Richard | last5 = Hook |
| first5 = Richard | last5 = Hook |
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| display-authors = 1 |
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| title = Dusty Surprise Around Giant Black Hole |
| title = Dusty Surprise Around Giant Black Hole |
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| date = June 20, 2013 |
| date = June 20, 2013 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{NGC objects:3500-3999}} |
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{{ngc40}} |
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{{Centaurus}} |
{{Centaurus}} |
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{{Catalogs|NGC=3783}} |
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{{Sky|11|39|01.721|-|-37|44|18.60|135700000}}<!-- Last field = distance in ly --> |
{{Sky|11|39|01.721|-|-37|44|18.60|135700000}}<!-- Last field = distance in ly --> |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 3783}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:NGC 3783}} |
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[[Category:Barred spiral galaxies]] |
[[Category:Barred spiral galaxies]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Seyfert galaxies]] |
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[[Category:Centaurus]] |
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[[Category:NGC objects|3783]] |
[[Category:NGC objects|3783]] |
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[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
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[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|036101]] |
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|036101]] |
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[[Category:NGC 3783 Group]] |
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[[Category:MCG objects|-06-26-004]] |
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[[Category:ESO objects|378- G 014]] |
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[[Category:IRAS catalogue objects|11365-3727]] |
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[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1835|18350421]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by John Herschel]] |
Latest revision as of 00:12, 13 December 2024
NGC 3783 | |
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Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
Constellation | Centaurus |
Right ascension | 11h 39m 01.721s[1] |
Declination | –37° 44′ 18.60″[1] |
Redshift | 0.008506 ± 0.000100[2] |
Heliocentric radial velocity | +2,817[3] km/s |
Distance | 135.7 Mly (41.60[4] Mpc) |
Group or cluster | NGC 3783 group |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.43 |
Characteristics | |
Type | SBa[5] |
Size | ~212,800 ly (65.25 kpc) (estimated)[6] |
Apparent size (V) | 1′.9 × 1′.7[5] |
Notable features | Seyfert 1 |
Other designations | |
ESO 378- G 014, IRAS 11365-3727, MCG -06-26-004, PGC 36101[7] |
NGC 3783 is a barred spiral galaxy located about 135[4] million light years away in the constellation Centaurus.[8] Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 3234 ± 22 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 155.6 ± 10.9 Mly (47.70 ± 3.35 Mpc).[6] In addition, two non-redshift measurements give a distance of 155.74 ± 30.17 Mly (47.750 ± 9.250 Mpc).[9] It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 21 April 1835.[10]
NGC 3783 is inclined by an angle of 23° to the line of sight from the Earth along a position angle of about 163°. The morphological classification of SBa[5] indicates a bar structure across the center (B) and tightly-wound spiral arms (a).[11] Although not shown by this classification, observers note the galaxy has a luminous inner ring surrounding the bar structure. The bright compact nucleus is active and categorized as a Seyfert 1 type. This nucleus is a strong source of X-ray emission and undergoes variations in emission across the electromagnetic spectrum.[5]
The source of the activity in this galaxy is a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole, which is located at the core and is surrounded by an accretion disk of dust.[12] The estimated mass of this black hole, from reverberation mapping, is about 2.8 million times the mass of the Sun.[13] Interferometric observations yield an inner radius of 0.52 ± 0.16 ly (0.16 ± 0.05 pc) for the orbiting torus of dust.[14]
This is a member of a loose association of 47 galaxies known as the NGC 3783 group. Located at a mean distance of 117 million light-years (36 Mpc), the group is centered at coordinates α = 11h 37m 12s, δ = –37° 30′ 57.6″: equivalent to about 870×10 3 ly (267 kpc) from NGC 3783. The NGC 3783 group has a mean velocity of 2,903 ± 26 km/s with respect to the Sun and a velocity dispersion of 190 ± 24 km/s. The diffuse X-ray emission of the group is roughly centered on the galaxy NGC 3783.[15] The NGC 3783 group is located in the Hydra-Antlia region of the Hydra-Centurus Supercluster.[16][17]
Gallery
[edit]-
NGC 3783 as seen by the legacy surveys. The bright star on the lower left is HD 101274
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This video shows an artist's impression of the dusty wind emanating from the black hole at the centre of galaxy NGC 3783
References
[edit]- ^ a b Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (February 1, 2006), "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)", The Astronomical Journal, 131 (2): 1163–1183, Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S, doi:10.1086/498708, ISSN 0004-6256, S2CID 18913331.
- ^ Strauss, Michael A.; et al. (November 1992), "A redshift survey of IRAS galaxies. VII - The infrared and redshift data for the 1.936 Jansky sample", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 83 (1): 29–63, Bibcode:1992ApJS...83...29S, doi:10.1086/191730.
- ^ Jones, D. Heath; et al. (October 2009), "The 6dF Galaxy Survey: final redshift release (DR3) and southern large-scale structures", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 399 (2): 683–698, arXiv:0903.5451, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399..683J, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15338.x, S2CID 119223679.
- ^ a b Pereira-Santaella, Miguel; et al. (December 2010), "The Mid-infrared High-ionization Lines from Active Galactic Nuclei and Star-forming Galaxies", The Astrophysical Journal, 725 (2): 2270–2280, arXiv:1010.5129, Bibcode:2010ApJ...725.2270P, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/2/2270, S2CID 39630754.
- ^ a b c d García-Barreto, J. A.; et al. (August 1999), "HI spatial distribution in the galaxy NGC 3783", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 348: 685–692, arXiv:astro-ph/9906492, Bibcode:1999A&A...348..685G.
- ^ a b "Results for object NGC 3783". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ "NGC 3783". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
- ^ "The active galaxy NGC 3783 in the constellation of Centaurus", European Southern Observatory, June 20, 2013, retrieved 2013-06-29.
- ^ "Distance Results for NGC 3783". NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE. NASA. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 3783". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ Buta, Ronald J.; et al. (2007), Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–17, ISBN 978-0521820486.
- ^ Brenneman, L. W.; et al. (August 2011), "The Spin of the Supermassive Black Hole in NGC 3783", The Astrophysical Journal, 736 (2): 103, arXiv:1104.1172, Bibcode:2011ApJ...736..103B, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/103, S2CID 59522696.
- ^ Bentz, Misty C.; et al. (2021), "A Detailed View of the Broad-line Region in NGC 3783 from Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping", The Astrophysical Journal, 920 (2): 112, arXiv:2108.00482, Bibcode:2021ApJ...920..112B, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac19af, S2CID 236777045.
- ^ Weigelt, G.; et al. (May 2012), "VLTI/AMBER observations of the Seyfert nucleus of NGC 3783", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 541: L9, arXiv:1204.6122, Bibcode:2012A&A...541L...9W, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219213, S2CID 118540180.
- ^ Kilborn, Virginia A.; et al. (September 2006), "Gaseous tidal debris found in the NGC 3783 group", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 371 (2): 739–749, arXiv:astro-ph/0606463, Bibcode:2006MNRAS.371..739K, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10697.x, S2CID 10340132.
- ^ Tully, R. Brent (1988). Nearby galaxies catalog. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35299-4.
- ^ Fouque, P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Chamaraux, P.; Paturel, G. (1992-05-01). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II. The catalogue of groups and group members". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F. ISSN 0365-0138.
External links
[edit]- Roy, Steve; et al. (May 25, 2000), "Chandra Clocks Million Mile Per Hour Wind Expanding From Vicinity of Giant Black Hole", Chandra Press Room, p. 13, Bibcode:2000cxo..pres...13., retrieved June 29, 2013
- Hönig, Sebastian; et al. (June 20, 2013), "Dusty Surprise Around Giant Black Hole", European Southern Observatory, retrieved June 29, 2013