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Coordinates: 36°35′N 22°40′E / 36.583°N 22.667°E / 36.583; 22.667
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{{coord|36|35|N|22|40|E|source:GNS_scale:1000000|display=title}}
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The '''Laconian Gulf''' ({{lang-el|Λακωνικός Κόλπος, ''Lakonikos Kolpos''}}), is a gulf in the south-eastern [[Peloponnese]], in [[Greece]]. It is the southernmost gulf in Greece and the largest in the Peloponnese. In the shape of an inverted "U", it is approximately 58 km wide east-west, and 44 km long north-south. It is bounded to the west by the [[Mani peninsula]], which separates it from the [[Messenian Gulf]], and to the east by the [[Cape Maleas]] peninsula (also known as the Epidavros Limira peninsula), which separates it from the [[Aegean Sea]]. To the south it opens onto the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The Mani and Cape Maleas peninsulas are dry and rocky, but the northern shore, fed by the [[Evrotas River]], which empties into the gulf at its apex, is fertile farmland. The island of [[Elafonissos]] lies in the Laconian Gulf, with the island of [[Kythira]] directly to the south. The main ports and settlements on the gulf are [[Gytheio]] and [[Neapoli, Vatika|Neapolis]].
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Laconian Gulf
| catchment =
| pushpin_map = Greece
| max-depth =
| depth =
| area =
| width = {{convert|58|km|abbr=on}} (min)
| length = {{convert|44|km|abbr=on}}
| basin_countries = [[Greece]]
| outflow =
| image = Laconic Gulf satellite picture.jpg
| inflow = [[Mediterranean Sea]]
| type = Gulf
| coords = {{coord|36|35|N|22|40|E}}
| location = [[Southeast Europe]]
| caption_bathymetry =
| image_bathymetry =
| caption = Satellite image of the Laconian Gulf
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the Laconian Gulf within Greece
}}The '''Laconian Gulf''' ({{langx|el|Λακωνικός Κόλπος|translit=Lakonikos Kolpos}}), is a gulf in the south-eastern [[Peloponnese]], in [[Greece]]. It is the southernmost gulf in Greece and the largest in the Peloponnese.


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In the shape of an inverted "U", it is approximately {{cvt|58|km}} wide east to west, and {{cvt|44|km}} long north to south. It is bounded to the west by the [[Mani peninsula]], which separates it from the [[Messenian Gulf]], and to the east by the [[Cape Maleas]] peninsula (also known as the Epidavros Limira peninsula), which separates it from the [[Aegean Sea]]. To the south it opens onto the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The Mani and Cape Maleas peninsulas are dry and rocky, but the northern shore, fed by the [[Evrotas River]], which empties into the gulf at its apex, is fertile farmland. The island of [[Elafonissos]] lies in the Laconian Gulf, with the island of [[Kythira]] directly to the south. The main ports and settlements on the gulf are [[Gytheio]] and [[Neapoli, Vatika|Neapolis]].
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{{Greece-geo-stub}}


==STS transfers==
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{{coord|36|35|N|22|40|E|source:GNS_scale:1000000|display=title}}
The Laconian Gulf gained notoriety in the early years after the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] because Russia used it regularly to conduct [[Ship-to-ship cargo transfer|ship-to-ship]] (STS) transfers of oil by its Ghost Fleet. The preferred location for STS transfers had been until then the [[Messenian Gulf]] but that changed when the government in 2021 extended its territorial waters 12 miles into that Gulf.<ref name=twi1/>

In June 2023 a detailed study was published by Geollect on STS transfers by Russian vessels.<ref name="arc1">{{cite news |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/9e7530f88e5b4a3f81d94e23858c4044 |title=The Laconian Gulf and Russian Oil |date=6 June 2023 }}</ref>

In April 2024 a meticulous study followed the ''[[MV Ligera]]'' as it received from the ''[[MV Nautilus]]'' a shipment of oil from the Baltic [[Port of Ust-Luga]], and then a shipment of oil on ''[[MV Blue]]'' from the [[Port of Novorossyisk]] on the [[Black Sea]].<ref name="kpl1">{{cite news |url=https://www.kpler.com/blog/the-case-of-ligera-unveiling-sanctioned-russian-oils-global-journey |title=The case of LIGERA: Unveiling sanctioned Russian oil's global journey }}</ref>

In early May 2024 the Russian "base" had moved south to the western shore of [[Kythira]].<ref name="gi1">{{cite news |url=https://www.gulf-insider.com/reasons-unknown-floating-russian-oil-base-off-greece-abruptly-shifts-south/ |title="Reasons Unknown": Floating Russian Oil Base off Greece Abruptly Shifts South |date=5 May 2024 }}</ref> The Greek navy had exercised nearby in the same waters and this sent a signal that the Russians were unwelcome in the Laconian Gulf,<ref name="twi1">{{cite news |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/tankers/greek-navy-extends-war-games-exclusion-at-notorious-russian-oil-transfer-hotspot/2-1-1641264 |title=Greek navy extends war games exclusion at notorious Russian oil transfer hotspot |date=9 May 2024 }}</ref><ref name="mt2">{{cite news |title = Greece Tightens Grip on Laconian Gulf: Naval Exclusion Zone Disrupts Russian Oil Transfers |url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/maritime-news/34/risk-and%20compliance/2024/11229/greece-tightens-grip-on-laconian-gulf-naval-exclusion-zone-d |date = 22 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="op1">{{cite news |url=https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Russia-Has-a-New-Hotspot-For-Ship-to-Ship-Oil-Transfers-in-the-Mediterranean.html |title=Russia Has a New Hotspot for Ship-to-Ship Oil Transfers in the Mediterranean }}</ref> but by 20 May at least seven tankers returned when the Navy exercises ended.<ref name="bbg2">{{cite news |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/tankers-return-to-greek-gulf-to-switch-russian-oil-as-drills-end-1.2074939 |title=Tankers Return to Greek Gulf to Switch Russian Oil as Drills End - BNN Bloomberg |date=20 May 2024 }}</ref> By June 2024 the practice had subsided there and moved to offshore [[Morocco]],<ref name="bbg1">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-03/russian-oil-finds-a-new-place-to-switch-in-the-mediterranean-sea |title=Russian Oil Finds New Site for Controversial Cargo Switching |date=3 June 2024}}</ref> near the city of [[Nador]] at the eastern end of mediterranean Morocco, but another report had this oil originating in [[Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast|Primorsk]].<ref name="gi2"> {{cite news |url=https://www.gulf-insider.com/floating-russian-oil-base-shifts-to-new-location-in-mediterranean-sea/ |title=Floating Russian Oil Base Shifts to New Location in Mediterranean Sea |date=4 June 2024 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Gulfs of Greece]]
[[Category:Gulfs of Greece]]
[[Category:Laconia]]
[[Category:Landforms of Laconia]]
[[Category:Gulfs of the Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Gulfs of the Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Landforms of Peloponnese (region)]]



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{{Peloponnese-geo-stub}}
[[de:Lakonischer Golf]]
[[et:Lakoonia laht]]
[[el:Λακωνικός κόλπος]]
[[fr:Golfe de Laconie]]
[[lt:Lakonijos įlanka]]
[[nn:Lakoníabukta]]
[[pl:Zatoka Lakońska]]
[[tr:Lakonia Körfezi]]

Latest revision as of 02:43, 13 December 2024

36°35′N 22°40′E / 36.583°N 22.667°E / 36.583; 22.667

Laconian Gulf
Satellite image of the Laconian Gulf
Laconian Gulf is located in Greece
Laconian Gulf
Laconian Gulf
Location of the Laconian Gulf within Greece
LocationSoutheast Europe
Coordinates36°35′N 22°40′E / 36.583°N 22.667°E / 36.583; 22.667
TypeGulf
Primary inflowsMediterranean Sea
Basin countriesGreece
Max. length44 km (27 mi)
Max. width58 km (36 mi) (min)

The Laconian Gulf (Greek: Λακωνικός Κόλπος, romanized: Lakonikos Kolpos), is a gulf in the south-eastern Peloponnese, in Greece. It is the southernmost gulf in Greece and the largest in the Peloponnese.

In the shape of an inverted "U", it is approximately 58 km (36 mi) wide east to west, and 44 km (27 mi) long north to south. It is bounded to the west by the Mani peninsula, which separates it from the Messenian Gulf, and to the east by the Cape Maleas peninsula (also known as the Epidavros Limira peninsula), which separates it from the Aegean Sea. To the south it opens onto the Mediterranean Sea. The Mani and Cape Maleas peninsulas are dry and rocky, but the northern shore, fed by the Evrotas River, which empties into the gulf at its apex, is fertile farmland. The island of Elafonissos lies in the Laconian Gulf, with the island of Kythira directly to the south. The main ports and settlements on the gulf are Gytheio and Neapolis.

STS transfers

[edit]

The Laconian Gulf gained notoriety in the early years after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine because Russia used it regularly to conduct ship-to-ship (STS) transfers of oil by its Ghost Fleet. The preferred location for STS transfers had been until then the Messenian Gulf but that changed when the government in 2021 extended its territorial waters 12 miles into that Gulf.[1]

In June 2023 a detailed study was published by Geollect on STS transfers by Russian vessels.[2]

In April 2024 a meticulous study followed the MV Ligera as it received from the MV Nautilus a shipment of oil from the Baltic Port of Ust-Luga, and then a shipment of oil on MV Blue from the Port of Novorossyisk on the Black Sea.[3]

In early May 2024 the Russian "base" had moved south to the western shore of Kythira.[4] The Greek navy had exercised nearby in the same waters and this sent a signal that the Russians were unwelcome in the Laconian Gulf,[1][5][6] but by 20 May at least seven tankers returned when the Navy exercises ended.[7] By June 2024 the practice had subsided there and moved to offshore Morocco,[8] near the city of Nador at the eastern end of mediterranean Morocco, but another report had this oil originating in Primorsk.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Greek navy extends war games exclusion at notorious Russian oil transfer hotspot". 9 May 2024.
  2. ^ "The Laconian Gulf and Russian Oil". 6 June 2023.
  3. ^ "The case of LIGERA: Unveiling sanctioned Russian oil's global journey".
  4. ^ ""Reasons Unknown": Floating Russian Oil Base off Greece Abruptly Shifts South". 5 May 2024.
  5. ^ "Greece Tightens Grip on Laconian Gulf: Naval Exclusion Zone Disrupts Russian Oil Transfers". 22 May 2024.
  6. ^ "Russia Has a New Hotspot for Ship-to-Ship Oil Transfers in the Mediterranean".
  7. ^ "Tankers Return to Greek Gulf to Switch Russian Oil as Drills End - BNN Bloomberg". 20 May 2024.
  8. ^ "Russian Oil Finds New Site for Controversial Cargo Switching". 3 June 2024.
  9. ^ "Floating Russian Oil Base Shifts to New Location in Mediterranean Sea". 4 June 2024.


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