Caroline Schelling: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 04:42, 13 December 2024

Caroline Schelling, born Michaelis, widowed Böhmer, divorced Schlegel (2 September 1763 – 7 September 1809), was a German intellectual. She was one of the so-called Universitätsmamsellen, a group of five academically active women during the 18th and 19th centuries, daughters of academics at Göttingen University, alongside Meta Forkel-Liebeskind, Therese Huber, Philippine Engelhard, and Dorothea Schlözer.

Biography

Schelling was born at Göttingen in 1763, the daughter of orientalist Johann David Michaelis (1717–1791), who taught at the progressive University of Göttingen. She was educated by private tutors and by her father. In 1784, she married a district medical officer and son of lawyer Georg Ludwig Böhmer [de] (1715–1797), Johann Franz Wilhelm Böhmer (1754–1788), and the couple moved to Clausthal in the Harz. After his death in 1788, she tried to live financially independently. Together with their only surviving daughter she moved to Göttingen, then Marburg, and in 1792 she settled in Mainz.^[1]

In Mainz, Schelling joined the intellectual circle around Georg Forster, who had married her childhood friend Therese Huber. Forster was an explorer, journalist, and revolutionary. When Mainz was occupied by the French during the French Revolutionary Wars, she moved into Forster's house. Mainz was declared a republic, aligned with France (see Republic of Mainz). But when Prussian troops recaptured Mainz (22 July 1793),^[2] Schelling was imprisoned for her political opinions.^[3] Schelling was pregnant and asked friends and family for help. She was released and August Schlegel arranged for her to give birth under an assumed name in Lucka near Leipzig.^[4]

Schelling and August Schlegel married in 1796, and she moved to Jena, where he had received a professorship. Their house became a meeting place for the young literary and intellectual elite later associated with German Romanticism. His brother Friedrich Schlegel and Friedrich's wife Dorothea Veit moved in. They were at the centre of Jena Romanticism. Schelling was involved in the literary projects of her husband and his brother. She is credited with contributing to many of the 300 reviews her husband published in the Jena Allgemeine Literaturzeitung between 1796 and 1799.^[5]

In 1803, she divorced Schlegel and married the young philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling. Her new husband was at the center of Romantic natural philosophy. The couple moved to Würzburg, but were maligned by gossip. In 1806, they moved to Munich, where Friedrich Schelling received a professorship and was honored for his work.^[6]

Between 1805 and 1807, Schelling published several reviews in her own name and assisted her husband in his reviews, which shaped Romantic literature and literary taste. She also engaged in extensive correspondence with numerous Romantics. Having suffered poor health for some time, she died of dysentery in 1809.^[7]

References

^ Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.
^ Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schelling, Karoline" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 319.
^ Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.
^ Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.
^ Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.
^ Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.

External links

Caroline. Letters from Early Romanticism

[1] Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.

[2] Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.

[3] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schelling, Karoline" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 319.

[4] Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.

[5] Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.

[6] Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.

[7] Heiner F. Klemme; Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 674. ISBN 9781474255981.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|German writer and intellectual (1763–1809)}}
 [[Image:Caroline Schlegel.jpg|thumb|200px|Caroline Böhmer-Schlegel-Schelling]]
-'''Caroline Schelling''', née '''Michaelis''', widowed '''Böhmer''', divorced '''Schlegel''' (2 September 1763 — 7 September 1809) was a noted [[Germany|German]] intellectual. She was one of the so-called ''[[Universitätsmamsellen]]'', a group of five academically active women during the 18th-and 19th century, daughters of academics on Göttingen University, alongside [[Meta Forkel-Liebeskind]], [[Therese Huber]], [[Philippine Engelhard]], and [[Dorothea Schlözer]].
+'''Caroline Schelling''', born '''Michaelis''', widowed '''Böhmer''', divorced '''Schlegel''' (2 September 1763 – 7 September 1809), was a [[Germany|German]] intellectual. She was one of the so-called ''[[:de:Universitätsmamsellen|Universitätsmamsellen]]'', a group of five academically active women during the 18th and 19th centuries, daughters of academics at Göttingen University, alongside [[Meta Forkel-Liebeskind]], [[Therese Huber]], [[Philippine Engelhard]], and [[Dorothea von Rodde-Schlözer|Dorothea Schlözer]].
 ==Biography==
+Schelling was born at [[Göttingen]] in 1763, the daughter of orientalist [[Johann David Michaelis]] (1717–1791), who taught at the progressive [[University of Göttingen]]. She was educated by private tutors and by her father. In 1784, she married a district medical officer and son of lawyer {{ill|Georg Ludwig Böhmer|de}} (1715–1797), Johann Franz Wilhelm Böhmer (1754–1788), and the couple moved to [[Clausthal]] in the [[Harz]]. After his death in 1788, she tried to live financially independently. Together with their only surviving daughter she moved to Göttingen, then [[Marburg]], and in 1792 she settled in [[Mainz]].<ref>{{Cite book|title= The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers |author1=Heiner F. Klemme |author2=[[Manfred Kuehn]] |publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016 |isbn= 9781474255981|pages=674}}</ref>
-She was born at [[Göttingen]], the daughter of the orientalist [[Johann David Michaelis]].
+In Mainz, Schelling joined the intellectual circle around [[Georg Forster]], who had married her childhood friend [[Therese Huber]]. Forster was an explorer, journalist, and revolutionary. When Mainz was occupied by the French during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], she moved into Forster's house. Mainz was declared a republic, aligned with France (see [[Republic of Mainz]]). But when Prussian troops recaptured Mainz (22 July 1793),<ref>{{Cite book|title= The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers |author1=Heiner F. Klemme |author2=Manfred Kuehn |publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016 |isbn= 9781474255981|pages=674}}</ref> Schelling was imprisoned for her political opinions.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Schelling, Karoline|volume=24|page=319}}</ref> Schelling was pregnant and asked friends and family for help. She was released and [[August Schlegel]] arranged for her to give birth under an assumed name in [[Lucka]] near [[Leipzig]].<ref>{{Cite book|title= The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers |author1=Heiner F. Klemme |author2=Manfred Kuehn |publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016 |isbn= 9781474255981|pages=674}}</ref>
-==French Revolutionary Society==
-In 1784, she married a district medical officer named Böhmer, in [[Clausthal]] in the [[Harz]]. After his death, in 1788, she returned to Göttingen, where she became familiar with the poet [[Gottfried August Bürger]] and the critic of the Romantic school, [[August Wilhelm Schlegel]]. In 1791, she took up residence in [[Mainz]], joining the famous French revolutionary society of the Clubbists (''Klubbisten''), and suffering a short period of imprisonment on account of her political opinions.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Schelling, Karoline}}</ref>
+Schelling and August Schlegel married in 1796, and she moved to [[Jena]], where he had received a professorship. Their house became a meeting place for the young literary and intellectual elite later associated with [[German Romanticism]]. His brother [[Friedrich Schlegel]] and Friedrich's wife [[Dorothea von Schlegel|Dorothea Veit]] moved in. They were at the centre of [[Jena romantics|Jena Romanticism]]. Schelling was involved in the literary projects of her husband and his brother. She is credited with contributing to many of the 300 reviews her husband published in the Jena ''Allgemeine Literaturzeitung'' between 1796 and 1799.<ref>{{Cite book|title= The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers |author1=Heiner F. Klemme |author2=Manfred Kuehn |publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016 |isbn= 9781474255981|pages=674}}</ref>
-In 1796, she went to [[Jena]] and married Schlegel, who was appointed extraordinary professor. They were divorced in 1803.  She became the wife of the philosopher [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]]. She died at [[Maulbronn]] in 1809.
+In 1803, she divorced Schlegel and married the young philosopher [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]]. Her new husband was at the center of Romantic [[natural philosophy]]. The couple moved to [[Würzburg]], but were maligned by gossip. In 1806, they moved to [[Munich]], where Friedrich Schelling received a professorship and was honored for his work.<ref>{{Cite book|title= The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers |author1=Heiner F. Klemme |author2=Manfred Kuehn |publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016 |isbn= 9781474255981|pages=674}}</ref>
-Caroline Schelling played a considerable role in the intellectual movement of her time, especially in her role with [[Jena romantics|Jena Romanticism]]. Here she debated with poets and philosophers like [[Novalis]], [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte|Fichte]], [[Hegel]], [[Schiller]] and her later husband [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling|Schelling]], and was considered as the heart of the early [[German romanticism]]. She is especially remarkable for the assistance she afforded Schlegel in his translation of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s works. In her own name, she only published some critical reviews.
+Between 1805 and 1807, Schelling published several reviews in her own name and assisted her husband in his reviews, which shaped Romantic literature and literary taste. She also engaged in extensive correspondence with numerous Romantics. Having suffered poor health for some time, she died of [[dysentery]] in 1809.<ref>{{Cite book|title= The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers |author1=Heiner F. Klemme |author2=Manfred Kuehn |publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016 |isbn= 9781474255981|pages=674}}</ref>
-==Notes==
-{{reflist}}
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
-*{{EB1911|wstitle=Schelling, Karoline}} This work in turn cites:
-**G. Waltz, ''Caroline: Briefe an ihre Geschwister, etc.'' (2 vols., 1871)
-**G. Waltz, ''Caroline und ihre Freunde'' (1882)
-**J. Janssen, ''Eine Kulturdame und ihre Freunde, Zeit und Lebensbilder'' (1885)
-**Mrs. A. Sidgwick, ''Caroline Schlegel and her Friends'' (London, 1899)
 ==External links==
 *[http://www.carolineschelling.com/ Caroline. Letters from Early Romanticism]
-{{Authority control|VIAF=98185204}}
+{{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Schelling, Caroline
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German salon-holder
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 1763
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 1809
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Schelling, Caroline}}
 [[Category:1763 births]]
 [[Category:1809 deaths]]
-[[Category:People from Göttingen]]
+[[Category:Writers from Göttingen]]
+[[Category:18th-century German scholars]]
 [[Category:German literary critics]]
+[[Category:German women literary critics]]
 [[Category:English–German translators]]
-[[Category:18th-century German people]]
 [[Category:German salon-holders]]
+[[Category:18th-century German writers]]
+[[Category:18th-century German women writers]]
+[[Category:18th-century German translators]]

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Australia Czech Republic Netherlands Latvia Sweden Poland Vatican Israel Belgium
Academics	CiNii
Artists	FID
People	Trove Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef