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{{short description|Estonian military commander}}
{{No footnotes|date=November 2014}}
{{No footnotes|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name= Aleksander Tõnisson
|name= Aleksander Tõnisson
|birth_date=April 17, 1875
|birth_date=17 April 1875
|birth_place= [[Pööra]], [[Tartu County]], [[Russian Empire]], (now [[Puurmani Parish]], [[Jõgeva County]], [[Estonia]])
|birth_place= [[Pööra]], [[Härjanurme Parish]], [[Kreis Dorpat]], [[Governorate of Livonia]], [[Russian Empire]] (now Pööra, [[Jõgeva Parish]], [[Estonia]])
|death_date= June 30, 1941 (aged 66)
|death_date= {{d-da|30 June 1941|17 April 1875}}
|death_place=[[Tallinn]], Estonia
|death_place=[[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]
|image= Kindralmajor Aleksander Tõnisson (17.04.1875 - lasti maha 30.06.1941), ERM Fk 2625-7.jpg
|image= Kindralmajor Aleksander Tõnisson (17.04.1875 - lasti maha 30.06.1941), ERM Fk 2625-7.jpg
|image_size=
|image_size=
Line 15: Line 16:
|rank=[[Kindralmajor]]
|rank=[[Kindralmajor]]
|unit= [[Imperial Russian Army]]<br/>[[Military of Estonia|Estonian Army]]
|unit= [[Imperial Russian Army]]<br/>[[Military of Estonia|Estonian Army]]
|battles=[[Russo-Japanese war]]<br/>[[World War I]]<br/>[[Estonian War of Independence]]
|battles=
{{tree list}}
* [[Russo-Japanese War]]
* [[World War I]]
* [[Estonian War of Independence]]
* [[Battle of Krivasoo (1919)|Battle of Krivasoo]]
** [[Battle of Krivasoo (1919)|Battle of Krivasoo]]
{{tree list/end}}
|awards=[[Cross of Liberty (Estonia)|Cross of Liberty]]
|awards=[[Cross of Liberty (Estonia)|Cross of Liberty]]
|laterwork=
|laterwork=
}}
}}
'''Aleksander Tõnisson''' [[Cross of Liberty (Estonia)|VR I/1]] (April 17, 1875 – June 30, 1941) was an [[Estonia]]n military commander ([[Major General]]) during the [[Estonian War of Independence]].
'''Aleksander Tõnisson''' [[Cross of Liberty (Estonia)|VR I/1]] (17 April 1875 – 30 June 1941) was an [[Estonia]]n military commander ([[Major General]]) during the [[Estonian War of Independence]].


In 1899 he graduated from [[Vilnius Military Academy]]. Tõnisson participated in [[Russo-Japanese war]] and in [[World War I]]. In 1917 he participated in formation of Estonian national units and as commander of 1st Estonian regiment participated in battles at Riga front. In 1918 he escaped from German occupation to [[Finland]], returned in autumn and became commander of [[1st Division (Estonia)|1st Division of Estonia]]. During Estonian Liberation War Tõnisson fought successfully at Viru Front. After war he served twice as minister of defence, in 1934 he retired from military and was [[mayor]] of [[Tartu]] 1934–1939 and [[Lord Mayor]] (''ülemlinnapea'') of [[Tallinn]] 1939–1940. In 1940 [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] occupation authorities arrested Tõnisson and executed him the following year.
In 1899, he graduated from [[Vilnius Military Academy]]. Tõnisson participated in [[Russo-Japanese war]] and in [[World War I]]. In 1917, he participated in formation of Estonian national units and as commander of 1st Estonian regiment participated in battles at Riga front. In 1918, he escaped from German occupation to [[Finland]], returned in autumn and became commander of [[1st Division (Estonia)|1st Division of Estonia]]. During the Estonian Liberation War, Tõnisson fought successfully at Viru Front. After war, he served twice as minister of defence, in 1934 he retired from military and was [[mayor]] of [[Tartu]] 1934–1939 and [[Lord Mayor]] (''ülemlinnapea'') of [[Tallinn]] from 1939 to 1940. In 1940, [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] occupation authorities arrested Tõnisson and executed him the following year.


==Honours and awards==
==Honours and awards==
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* [[Cross of Liberty (Estonia)|Cross of Liberty]], first-class, first degree.
* [[Cross of Liberty (Estonia)|Cross of Liberty]], first-class, first degree.
* Commander of the [[Order of the Cross of the Eagle]]
* Commander of the [[Order of the Cross of the Eagle]]
* [[Protection of Natural Amenities Medal]], 2nd Rank

== See also ==
*[[Estonian War of Independence]]


==References==
==References==
{{refbegin}}
*[[Ülo Kaevats]] et al. 2000. ''Eesti entsüklopeedia 14''. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, {{ISBN|9985-70-064-3}}
*[[Ülo Kaevats]] et al. 2000. ''Eesti entsüklopeedia 14''. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, {{ISBN|9985-70-064-3}}
{{refend}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | before=[[August Hanko]] | title=[[Estonian Minister of War|Minister of War]] | years=1920| after=[[Ants Piip]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[August Hanko (politician)|August Hanko]] | title=[[Estonian Minister of War|Minister of War]] | years=1920| after=[[Ants Piip]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[August Kerem]] | title=[[Estonian Minister of War|Minister of Defence]] | years=1932–1933| after=[[August Kerem]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[August Kerem]] | title=[[Estonian Minister of War|Minister of Defence]] | years=1932–1933| after=[[August Kerem]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Hans Ainson]] | title=[[List of mayors of Tartu|Mayor of Tartu]] | years=1934–1939 | after=[[Robert Sinka]]}}
{{succession box | before={{ill|Hans Ainson (Estonian politician, 1897–1980)|lt=Hans Ainson|et|Hans Ainson}} | title=[[List of mayors of Tartu|Mayor of Tartu]] | years=1934–1939 | after=[[Robert Sinka]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Jaan Soots]] | title=[[List of mayors of Tallinn|Lord Mayor of Tallinn]] | years=1939–1940| after=[[Aleksander Kiidelmaa]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Jaan Soots]] | title=[[List of mayors of Tallinn|Lord Mayor of Tallinn]] | years=1939–1940| after=[[Aleksander Kiidelmaa]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonisson, Aleksander}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonisson, Aleksander}}
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Jõgeva Parish]]
[[Category:People from Jõgeva Parish]]
[[Category:People from the Governorate of Livonia]]
[[Category:People from Kreis Dorpat]]
[[Category:Patriotic League (Estonia) politicians]]
[[Category:Patriotic League (Estonia) politicians]]
[[Category:Defence Ministers of Estonia]]
[[Category:Ministers of defence of Estonia]]
[[Category:Members of the Estonian National Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the Riiginõukogu]]
[[Category:Members of the Riiginõukogu]]
[[Category:Mayors of Tartu]]
[[Category:Mayors of Tartu]]
[[Category:Mayors of Tallinn]]
[[Category:Mayors of Tallinn]]
[[Category:Estonian Army generals]]
[[Category:Estonian major generals]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian military personnel]]
[[Category:Imperial Russian Army officers]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Russian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Estonian military personnel of the Estonian War of Independence]]
[[Category:Estonian military personnel of the Estonian War of Independence]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 4th class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Liberty (Estonia)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Class I]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Class III]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Protection of Natural Amenities Medal, Rank II]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Protection of Natural Amenities Medal, Rank II]]
[[Category:Estonian people executed by the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Estonian people executed by the Soviet Union]]


{{Estonia-politician-stub}}

Latest revision as of 04:49, 13 December 2024

Aleksander Tõnisson
Born17 April 1875
Pööra, Härjanurme Parish, Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire (now Pööra, Jõgeva Parish, Estonia)
Died30 June 1941 (1941-07-01) (aged 66)
Tallinn, Estonia
Allegiance Russian Empire
 Estonia
Years of service1899–1917 Imperial Russian Army
1918–1934 Estonian Army
RankKindralmajor
UnitImperial Russian Army
Estonian Army
Battles / wars
AwardsCross of Liberty

Aleksander Tõnisson VR I/1 (17 April 1875 – 30 June 1941) was an Estonian military commander (Major General) during the Estonian War of Independence.

In 1899, he graduated from Vilnius Military Academy. Tõnisson participated in Russo-Japanese war and in World War I. In 1917, he participated in formation of Estonian national units and as commander of 1st Estonian regiment participated in battles at Riga front. In 1918, he escaped from German occupation to Finland, returned in autumn and became commander of 1st Division of Estonia. During the Estonian Liberation War, Tõnisson fought successfully at Viru Front. After war, he served twice as minister of defence, in 1934 he retired from military and was mayor of Tartu 1934–1939 and Lord Mayor (ülemlinnapea) of Tallinn from 1939 to 1940. In 1940, Soviet occupation authorities arrested Tõnisson and executed him the following year.

Honours and awards

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Ülo Kaevats et al. 2000. Eesti entsüklopeedia 14. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, ISBN 9985-70-064-3
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of War
1920 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Defence
1932–1933 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Mayor of Tartu
1934–1939 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Lord Mayor of Tallinn
1939–1940 		Succeeded by


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