KFC: Difference between revisions

KFC Corporation
Company type	Subsidiary
Industry	Restaurants
Genre	Fast food restaurant
Founded	Sanders Court & Café:; March 20, 1930; 94 years ago; North Corbin, Kentucky, U.S.; First franchise:; September 24, 1952; 72 years ago; Salt Lake County, Utah, U.S.;
Founder	Harland Sanders; Pete Harman;
Headquarters	1441 Gardiner Lane; Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.; Dallas, Texas, U.S. (global)
Number of locations	30,000 (2024)
Area served	Worldwide (145 countries)
Key people	Sabir Sami (CEO); Dyke Shipp (president); Monica Rothgery (COO); Catherine Tan (CMO); Staci Rawls (CCO);
Products	Fried chicken; Chicken burgers; Wraps; French fries; Soft drinks; Milkshakes; Salads; Desserts; Breakfasts;
Revenue	US$2.83 billion (2023)
Parent	Yum! Brands
Website	kfc.com

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 05:10, 13 December 2024

KFC Corporation,^[4] doing business as KFC (also commonly referred to by its historical name Kentucky Fried Chicken), is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken. Headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after McDonald's, with over 30,000 locations globally in 150 countries as of April 2024^[update].^[5] The chain is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, a restaurant company that also owns the Pizza Hut and Taco Bell chains.^[6]

KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders (1890–1980), an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression. Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant-franchising concept, and the first "Kentucky Fried Chicken" franchise opened in Salt Lake County, Utah, in 1952. KFC popularized chicken in the fast-food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the hamburger. By branding himself as "Colonel Sanders", Harland became a prominent figure of American cultural history and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising to this day. However, the company's rapid expansion overwhelmed the aging Sanders, and he sold it to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. Massey in 1964.

KFC was one of the first American fast-food chains to expand internationally, opening outlets in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico and Jamaica by the mid-1960s. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it experienced mixed fortunes domestically, as it went through a series of changes in corporate ownership with little or no experience in the restaurant business. In the early 1970s, KFC was sold to the spirits distributor Heublein, which was taken over by the R. J. Reynolds food and tobacco conglomerate; that company sold the chain to PepsiCo. The chain continued to expand overseas, however, and in 1987 it became the first Western restaurant chain to open in China. It has since expanded rapidly in China, which is now the company's single largest market. PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants, which later changed its name to Yum! Brands.

KFC's original product is pressure-fried chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders' signature recipe of "11 herbs and spices". The constituents of the recipe are a trade secret. Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard "bucket", which has become a feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee Pete Harman in 1957. Since the early 1990s, KFC has expanded its menu to offer other chicken products such as chicken fillet sandwiches and wraps, as well as salads and side dishes such as French fries and coleslaw, desserts and soft drinks; the latter often supplied by PepsiCo. KFC is known for its slogans "It's Finger Lickin' Good!", "Nobody does chicken like KFC", "We do chicken right", and "So good".

History

Sanders Court & Café

Harland Sanders was born in 1890 and raised on a farm outside Henryville, Indiana (near Louisville, Kentucky).^[7] When Sanders was five years old, his father died, forcing his mother to work at a canning plant.^[8] This left Sanders, as the eldest son, to care for his two younger siblings.^[8] After he reached seven years of age, his mother taught him how to cook.^[7] After leaving the family home at the age of 13, Sanders passed through several professions with mixed success.^[9]

In 1930, Sanders took over a Shell filling station on U.S. Route 25 just outside North Corbin, Kentucky, a small town on the edge of the Appalachian Mountains.^[10] It was here that he first served to travelers the recipes that he had learned as a child: fried chicken and other dishes such as steaks and country ham.^[10] After four years of serving from his own dining room table, Sanders purchased the larger filling station on the other side of the road and expanded to six tables.^[11] By 1936, this had proven successful enough for Sanders to be given the honorary title of Kentucky Colonel by Governor Ruby Laffoon.^[12] In 1937 he expanded his restaurant to 142 seats and added a motel he purchased across the street, naming it Sanders Court & Café.^[13]

Sanders was unhappy with the 35 minutes it took to prepare his chicken in an iron frying pan, but he refused to deep fry the chicken, which he believed lowered the quality of the product.^[14] If he pre-cooked the chicken in advance of orders, there was sometimes wastage at day's end.^[7] In 1939, the first commercial pressure cookers were released onto the market, mostly designed for steaming vegetables.^[15] Sanders bought one and modified it into a pressure fryer, which he then used to fry chicken.^[16] The new method reduced production time to be comparable with deep frying while, in the opinion of Sanders, retaining the quality of pan-fried chicken.^[14]

"Original Recipe" and franchising

In July 1940, Sanders finalized what came to be known as his "Original Recipe" of 11 herbs and spices.^[17] Although he never publicly revealed the recipe, he said the ingredients included salt and pepper and that the rest "stand on everybody's shelf".^[18] After being recommissioned as a Kentucky Colonel in 1950 by Governor Lawrence Wetherby, Sanders began to dress the part, growing a goatee, wearing a black frock coat (later switched to a white suit) and a string tie and referring to himself as "the Colonel".^[18] His associates went along with the title change, "jokingly at first and then in earnest", according to biographer Josh Ozersky.^[19]

In 1952, Sanders franchised his recipe to his friend Pete Harman of South Salt Lake, Utah, the operator of one of the city's largest restaurants.^[20] The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, so when the route planned in 1955 for Interstate 75 bypassed his properties, Sanders sold them and traveled the US to franchise his recipe to restaurant owners.^[21] Independent restaurants would pay four (later five) cents on each chicken as a franchise fee in exchange for Sanders' recipe and the right to feature it on their menus and use his name and likeness for promotional purposes.^[22]

Don Anderson, a sign painter hired by Harman, coined the name "Kentucky Fried Chicken".^[23] For Harman, the addition of KFC was a way of differentiating his restaurant from competitors; a product from Kentucky was exotic and evoked imagery of Southern hospitality.^[23] Harman trademarked the phrase "It's finger lickin' good", which eventually became the company slogan.^[22] He also introduced the "bucket meal" in 1957 (14 pieces of chicken, five bread rolls and a pint of gravy in a cardboard bucket).^[24] Serving their signature meal in a paper bucket was to become an iconic feature of the company.^[24]

By 1963, there were 600 KFC restaurants, making the company the largest fast food operation in the United States.^[21] KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the dominance of the hamburger.^[25]

With significant growth in tow, the fledgling Kentucky Fried Chicken decided in 1964 that they would begin offering franchise opportunities beyond the Atlantic, and landed on the United Kingdom as its entry point into Europe. As such, the first British KFC eatery opened its doors at 92 Fishergate in Preston, Lancashire, on May 1, 1965, and still operates today.

Pat Grace met with Sanders at his holiday home near Toronto and agreed to franchise the brand in Ireland. In 1970 Grace returned to Ireland after a number of years in Canada to open his first Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Phibsboro shopping center in Dublin. Eventually he opened another six restaurants located in Dublin, Limerick and Cork. After disagreements over cost cutting with KFC management in the early 1980s, the Irish restaurants were renamed to Pat Grace's Famous Fried Chicken reportedly retaining the original recipe. These stores were closed in the late 1980s. Pat Grace went on to wholesale the chicken spice blend under the brand Grace's Perfect Blend.^[26]^[27]

Sale and global expansion

In 1964, Sanders sold KFC to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. Massey for US$2 million (around US$17 million in 2020).^[12] The contract included a lifetime salary for Sanders and the agreement that he would be the company's quality controller and trademark.^[28] The chain had reached 3,000 outlets in 48 countries by 1970.^[29] In July 1971, Brown sold the company to the Connecticut-based Heublein, a packaged food and drinks corporation, for US$285 million (around US$1.8 billion in 2020).^[30] Sanders died in 1980, his promotional work making him a prominent figure in American cultural history.^[25] By the time of his death, there were an estimated 6,000 KFC outlets in 48 countries worldwide, with $2 billion worth of sales annually.^[31]

In 1982, Heublein was acquired by R. J. Reynolds, the tobacco giant.^[24] In July 1986, Reynolds announced the sale of KFC to PepsiCo for $850 million (around US$2.0 billion in 2020).^[32] The actual sale took place in early October for $840 million.^[33]^[34] PepsiCo made the chain a part of its restaurants division alongside Pizza Hut and Taco Bell.^[35] KFC entered the Chinese market in November 1987, with an outlet in Beijing.^[24]

In 1991, the KFC name was officially adopted, although it had already been widely known by that initialism.^[36] Kyle Craig, president of KFC U.S., admitted the change was an attempt to distance the chain from the unhealthy connotations of "fried".^[37] The early 1990s saw a number of successful major product launches, including spicy "Hot Wings" (launched in 1990), popcorn chicken (1992) and, internationally, the "Zinger", a spicy chicken fillet sandwich (1993).^[38] By 1994 KFC had 5,149 outlets in the US and 9,407 overall, with over 100,000 employees.^[39] In August 1997, PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as a public company valued at US$4.5 billion (around US$7.3 billion in 2020).^[40] The new company was named Tricon Global Restaurants and, at the time, had 30,000 outlets and annual sales of US$10 billion (around US$16 billion in 2020), making it second in the world only to McDonald's.^[41] Tricon was renamed Yum! Brands in May 2002.^[42]

On March 31, 2011, Priszm, owner of KFC in Canada, went into bankruptcy protection in Ontario and British Columbia.^[43]

By 2015, KFC was struggling, having lost business to other retailers and being surpassed by Chick-fil-A as the leading chicken retailer in the US three years previously. The company launched a new initiative with a plan to revamp its packaging, decor and uniforms and expand its menu. Additionally, beginning in May 2015, a new series of US advertisements was launched featuring Darrell Hammond as Colonel Sanders.^[44] In a planned rotation of actors,^[45] Norm Macdonald, Jim Gaffigan, George Hamilton and Rob Riggle portrayed Sanders in similar ads through the fall of 2016.^[46]^[47]^[48]^[49] In January 2018, country music icon Reba McEntire played the first female Colonel Sanders.^[50]

Before leaving as CEO in 2021, Andrea Zahumensky told Ad Age the "brand assets that we're so lucky to have" were the bucket, the three stripes and the full name Kentucky Fried Chicken. All of these were being used more by the chain.^[51]

Australia rebranded KFC back to its original name, "Kentucky Fried Chicken" in 2019.^[52]

Operations

KFC is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, one of the largest restaurant companies in the world. KFC had sales of $23 billion in 2013.^[53] KFC is incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law,^[54] and has its headquarters at 1441 Gardiner Lane, Louisville, Kentucky, in a three-story colonial style building known colloquially as the "White House" due to its resemblance to the US president's home.^[55]^[56] The headquarters contain executive offices and the company's research and development facilities.^[57]

Products

KFC's core product offering is pressure fried on-the-bone chicken pieces seasoned with Colonel Harland Sanders' "Original Recipe" of 11 herbs and spices.^[58] The product is typically available in either two- or three-piece individual servings or in a family size cardboard bucket typically holding between six and 16 chicken pieces. In territories that follow the system handed down by Colonel Sanders, such as Canada and the UK, each chicken is divided into nine different cuts (two drumsticks, two thighs, two wings, two breast pieces and one keel);^[59]^[60] however, the United States now uses an eight-piece cut.^[61]

The chicken is hand-breaded at individual KFC outlets with wheat flour mixed with seasoning in a two- to four-minute process.^[62]^[63] It is then pressure fried for between seven and 10 minutes (the timing differs between countries) in oil at 185 degrees Celsius.^[62]^[64]^[65] Following this, the chicken is left to stand for 5 minutes in order for it to sufficiently cool before it is placed in the warming oven.^[62] It is KFC policy to discard chicken if it has not been sold within 90 minutes in order to ensure freshness.^[62] The frying oil varies regionally and versions used include sunflower, soybean, rapeseed and palm oil.^[66] A KFC executive stated that the taste of the chicken will vary between regions depending on the oil variety used and whether the chicken has been corn-fed or wheat-fed.^[66]

As well as its core chicken on the bone offering, KFC's major products include chicken burgers (including the Zinger and the Tower); wraps ("Twisters" and "Boxmasters"); and a variety of finger foods, including crispy chicken strips and hot wings.^[67]^[68] Popcorn chicken, which consists of bite-sized pieces of fried chicken, is one of the most widely available KFC products.^[69] In some locations, such as in Australia, Belarus, Malaysia and South Africa, chicken nuggets are also sold.^[70]

McCormick & Company is KFC's largest supplier of sauces, seasonings and marinades and is a long-term partner in new product development.^[63]

Due to the company's previous relationship with PepsiCo, most territories supply PepsiCo products, but exceptional territories include Barbados, Greece, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Romania,^[71] South Africa, Turkey, Indonesia (since 2019),^[72] Singapore (since 2022)^[73] and Malaysia (since 2022)^[74] which stock drinks supplied by The Coca-Cola Company, and Aruba, which stocks RC Cola from the Cott Corporation.^[75]^[71]^[76]^[77]^[78] In Peru, the locally popular Inca Kola is sold.^[79]

Launched in 2009, the Krusher/Krushem range of frozen beverages containing "real bits" such as Kit Kat, Oreo and strawberry shortcake is available in over 2,000 outlets.^[80] Egg custard tart is a popular dessert worldwide, but other items include ice cream sundaes and tres leches cake in Peru.^[81]

In 2012, the "KFC AM" breakfast menu began to be rolled out internationally, including such items as pancakes, waffles and porridge, as well as fried chicken.^[82]^[83]

On August 27, 2019, KFC tested meatless boneless wings and nuggets in Atlanta, Georgia.^[84]^[85]

In February 2023, Kentucky Fried Chicken in Australia announced that several items would no longer be sold in their menu, including wings, popcorn chicken, Nashville hot sauce and strawberry lemonade.^[86]

The 11 herbs and spices

Sanders' Original Recipe of "11 herbs and spices" is one of the best known trade secrets in the catering industry.^[87]^[88] The recipe is not patented, because patent law requires public disclosure of an invention and provides protection only for a strictly limited term, whereas trade secrets can remain the intellectual property of their holders in perpetuity.^[89]

A copy of the recipe, signed by Sanders, is held inside a safe inside a vault in KFC's Louisville headquarters, along with 11 vials containing the herbs and spices.^[90]^[91] To maintain the secrecy of the recipe, half of it is produced by Griffith Laboratories before it is given to McCormick, who add the second half.^[92]

In 1999, a couple who bought the house formerly occupied by Colonel Sanders found scribbled notes purported to be the secret recipe. Initially, KFC wanted to file a lawsuit against the couple to stop an auction of the notes but, by early 2001, it dropped the lawsuit, claiming the scribbled notes are "nowhere close" to the original recipe.^[93]

Joe Ledington of Kentucky, a nephew by marriage of Colonel Sanders, claimed to have found a copy of the original KFC fried chicken recipe on a handwritten piece of paper in an envelope in a scrapbook. In August 2016, Chicago Tribune staffers conducted a cooking test of this recipe and claimed after a few attempts that, with the addition of the MSG flavor-enhancer Ac'cent, they produced fried chicken which tasted "indistinguishable" from the chicken they purchased at KFC.^[94]

Regionalized menus

KFC adapts its menu internationally to suit regional tastes and there are over 300 KFC menu items worldwide.^[95] Some locations, such as the UK and the US, sell grilled chicken.^[96]^[97] In predominantly Islamic countries, the chicken served is halal.^[62] In Asia,^[vague] there is a preference for spicy foods, such as the Zinger chicken burger.^[98] In many international markets, the seasoning used for the core chicken pieces product is available as a hot and spicy version as an alternative to the classic KFC recipe. The hot and spicy coating, as well as having a spicier flavour, also has a crispy consistency. In Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, a grilled chicken known as "Smoky Red" is available. KFC locations in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and Vietnam offer a roasted option known as Flava Crava. KFC's menu in China includes, among other items incorporating Chinese food items, rice bowls, noodle dishes, and chicken prepared in the style of Peking duck.^[99] Some locations in the US sell fried chicken livers and gizzards.^[100] A small number of US outlets offer an all-you-can-eat buffet option with a limited menu.^[101]

Value menu items are sold under the "Streetwise" name in locations such as Canada, Nigeria, South Africa and Mauritius.^[102] Side dishes often include French fries, coleslaw, barbecue baked beans, corn on the cob, mashed potato, bread rolls and American biscuits.^[103]^[104] Salads include the bean salad, the Caesar salad and the garden salad.^[105] In a number of territories, KFC sells onion rings.^[106] In most of Asia, several Sub-Saharan Africa and Pacific markets, rice based side dishes are often sold.^[107] In Greece and Bulgaria, potato wedges are sold instead of French fries.^[108]

In a number of Eastern European locations and Portugal, beer is offered in addition to soft drinks.^[109]^[110]^[111] In 2023 KFC branches in UK and Ireland introduced new 'signature fries' (fries coated in herbs and spice) in an attempt to improve the taste of the fries.^[112]

Hot wings and fries served in paper buckets
Hot wings menu set sold in Berlin
Hot & spicy chicken, colonel rice, coleslaw and nuggets in Malaysia
Spaghetti and gravy as sold in the Philippines
KFC century eggs and pork congee sold in China in breakfast hours only

Equipment

KFC initially used stove-top covered cooking pots to fry its chicken.^[113] In the 1960s, the officially recommended model was the L S Hartzog developed "KFC 20-Head Cooker", a large device that cost $16,000.^[114] The Hartzog model had no oil filtration system, meaning that filtering had to be done manually, and the pressure fryers occasionally exploded often harming employees.^[113] In 1969, inventor and engineer Winston L. Shelton developed the "Collectramatic" pressurized fryer to overcome the problems KFC faced in quickly frying chicken to meet growing customer demand. The Collectramatic used precision time and temperature controls and self-filtered the cooking oil – all while meeting Colonel Sanders' high standards.^[113] Fred Jeffries, then vice president of purchasing at KFC, claimed that the invention helped fuel the company's rapid expansion and success:

There's no way it (KFC) could have grown as it did without the Collectramatic. Stores were doing about $200,000 a year in sales on average with the pots...but they could never have done the $900,000 a year it became without Win's fryer. He (Shelton) helped set the stage for that with true engineering thinking.^[113]

Although a number of franchisees bought the Collectramatic, which had the support of Colonel Sanders from 1970 onwards, John Y. Brown Jr. had given tacit approval to franchisees to exclusively use the older L S Hartzog fryer, saying "Though those old pots were damn dangerous, at least we knew they worked! I was mostly afraid these new fryers would break down in the middle of business."^[113] Brown warned franchisees that they were in violation of their contract if they used the Collectramatic.^[113] Brown held his ground on the issue until he learned that his father, John Y. Brown Sr., who owned multiple KFC franchises, was successfully using the Collectramatic in every franchise he owned.^[113] The issue was eventually resolved after Heublein purchased KFC, acquired Hartzog and nullified the contract.^[114] The Collectramatic has been an approved pressure fryer for KFC from 1972 onwards.^[114]

From 2013 onwards, KFC has been transitioning from using Collectramatic cookers to pressure fryers produced by Henny Penny, which supplies KFC with various equipment.^[115] The 'Velocity' series of pressure fryers includes increased load capacity, automatic oil filtration and increased oil longevity.

Advertising

Colonel Sanders was a key component of KFC advertising until his death in 1980. Despite his death, Sanders remains a key icon of the company as an "international symbol of hospitality".^[116] Early official slogans for the company included "North America's Hospitality Dish" (from 1956) and "We fix Sunday dinner seven nights a week".^[117]^[118] The "finger lickin' good" slogan was used from 1956 and went on to become one of the best-known slogans of the 20th century.^[119] The trademark expired in the US in 2006.^[120] The first KFC logo was introduced in 1952 and featured a "Kentucky Fried Chicken" typeface and a logo of the Colonel.^[121] In 1962, Dave Thomas took Colonel Sanders' bucket and turned it into a sign^[122] that revolved in a circular motion in front of almost every American KFC outlet.^[123]

Advertising played a key role at KFC after it was sold by Sanders and the company began to advertise on US television with a budget of US$4 million in 1966.^[124] In order to fund nationwide advertising campaigns, the Kentucky Fried Chicken Advertising Co-Op was established, giving franchisees 10 votes and the company three when deciding on budgets and campaigns. In 1969, KFC hired its first national advertising agency, Leo Burnett.^[24] A notable Burnett campaign in 1972 was the "Get a bucket of chicken, have a barrel of fun" jingle, performed by Barry Manilow.^[24] By 1976, KFC was one of the largest advertisers in the US.^[125]

Controversies and criticism

Since the beginning of the 21st century, fast food has been criticized for its animal welfare record, its links to obesity and its environmental impact.^[126] Eric Schlosser's book Fast Food Nation (2002) and Morgan Spurlock's film Super Size Me (2004) reflected these concerns.^[23] Since 2003, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has protested KFC's choice of poultry suppliers worldwide.^[127] The exception is KFC Canada, which signed an agreement pledging to only use "animal-friendly" suppliers.^[128] President of KFC's US division Gregg Dedrick said PETA mischaracterized KFC as a poultry producer rather than a purchaser of chickens.^[129] In 2008, Yum! stated: "[As] a major purchaser of food products, [Yum!] has the opportunity and responsibility to influence the way animals supplied to us are treated. We take that responsibility very seriously, and we are monitoring our suppliers on an ongoing basis."^[130]

In 2006, Greenpeace accused KFC Europe of sourcing the soya bean for its chicken feed from Cargill, which had been accused of clearing large swathes of the Amazon rainforest in order to grow the crop.^[131]

In 2010, according to The Guardian, "in the US where fried chicken remains closely associated with age-old racist stereotypes about black people in the once segregated south", KFC Australia aired the 30-second promotion on television named "KFC's cricket survival guide" which shows a white cricket fan surrounded by black fans from the opposing team. The television announcer asks, "Need a tip when you're stuck in an awkward situation?" The fan passes around his "bucket of KFC", even though the commercial was intended for an Australian audience, which found its way to social media in the United States, prompting sharp disapproval. KFC Australia made a statement to the fact the commercial was "misinterpreted by a segment of people in the US" and it was a "light-hearted reference to the West Indian cricket team" and "The ad was reproduced online in the US without KFC's permission, where we are told a culturally-based stereotype exists, leading to the incorrect assertion of racism...We unequivocally condemn discrimination of any type and have a proud history as one of the world's leading employers for diversity".^[132]

In May 2012, Greenpeace accused KFC of sourcing paper pulp for its food packaging from Indonesian rainforest wood.^[133] Independent forensic tests showed that some packaging contained more than 50 percent mixed tropical hardwood fiber, sourced from Asia Pulp & Paper (APP).^[134]^[135] APP said such fiber can be found in recycled paper, or: "It can also come from tree residues that are cleared, after a forest area has become degraded, logged-over or burned, as part of a sustainable development plan. APP has strict policies and practices in place to ensure that only residues from legal plantation development on degraded or logged-over forest areas and sustainable wood fiber enters the production supply chain."^[134] KFC said: "From a global perspective, 60 percent of the paper products that Yum! (our parent company) sources are from sustainable sources. Our suppliers are working towards making it 100 percent."^[133]

In December 2012, the chain was criticized in China when it was discovered that a number of KFC suppliers had been using growth hormones and an excessive amount of antibiotics on its poultry in ways that violated Chinese law.^[136] In February 2013, Yum! CEO David Novak admitted that the scandal had been "longer lasting and more impactful than we ever imagined."^[136] The issue is of major concern to Yum!, which earns almost half of its profits from China, largely through the KFC brand. In March 2013, Yum! reported that sales had rebounded in February, but that lower sales in December and January would result in a decline in same-store sales of 20 percent in the first quarter.^[137]

In 2017, KFC was fined £950,000 after two workers in the UK were scalded by boiling hot gravy. The company admitted to charges of failing in a duty of care to employees and was ordered by Teesside Crown Court in Middlesbrough to pay fines of £800,000 and £150,000.^[138]

In February 2018, logistics mismanagement by DHL, which had been selected by KFC UK as their new delivery partner, caused a chicken shortage in the United Kingdom – KFC's largest market in Europe – forcing the company to temporarily close hundreds of restaurants around the country.^[139] KFC apologized by taking out adverts in British newspapers showing the company's initials rearranged to read "FCK", followed by an apology, which was well received.^[140]

In November 2021, Finland's first KFC restaurant was opened at the Itis shopping center in Itäkeskus, Helsinki. A few days before the opening day, a tent had appeared in front of the restaurant, where a man who had kept his identity secret for a few days had stayed,^[141] and who on the opening day revealed himself to the public as a vegan activist defending animal rights.^[142]^[143] After trying to give his speech to those present, the security company carried him away.^[142] Even before the opening of the restaurant, in October, news of a controversy over the procurement of a broiler for food from Poland; the cause is mainly related to the risk of salmonella in broilers, which is a significant problem in Poland, whereas its prevalence in Finland is low.^[144]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a number of companies have faced growing pressure to halt operations in Russia but have not yet done so. This includes KFC, which has over 1,000 outlets in Russia, more than any other Western fast food chain.^[145]

In early 2022 a promotional video was shot with influencer Niko Omilana showing a chicken farm in the KFC supply chain. The video depicted birds with a good quality of life. Animal rights activists entered the same farm months later and found vastly different conditions, with instances of "severe overcrowding" and "lame and dead birds". Paul Roger, a vet and founder member of AWSELVA, said birds in the footage were exhibiting "behavioural signs of stress such as feather pecking and topical skin infection". KFC's actions were branded "misleading".^[146]

On November 9, 2022, KFC Germany issued an announcement inviting its German audience to celebrate Kristallnacht with "Cheesy Chicken". An apology was issued shortly afterwards, blaming the original message as an "error in our system".^[147]

In May of 2024, the closure of the outlet in Malaysia was reported due to the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict.^[148] Attacks on two outlets in Baghdad, Iraq were also reported.^[149]

In September 2024, KFC announced that it would not meet the Better Chicken Commitment, an animal welfare pledge made in 2019. The commitment includes several welfare standards, such as adopting slower-growing breeds by 2026, but as of 2024, only 1% of KFC's chickens were from such breeds.^[150]

References

^ "KFC Surpasses 30,000 Restaurants Worldwide". global.kfc.com (Press release). March 12, 2024. Archived from the original on March 18, 2024. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
^ Luna, Nancy (May 13, 2019). "KFC promotes Monica Rothgery to COO of U.S. division". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
^ "Yum Financial Statement 2023" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
^ "KFC Corporation". OpenCorporates. February 11, 1971. Archived from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
^ "KFC: restaurants worldwide 2019". Statista. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
^ "YUM! Brands, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 22, 2018". secdatabase.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Whitworth, William (February 14, 1970). "Kentucky-Fried". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Klotter, James C. (2005). The Human Tradition in the New South. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-7425-4476-5. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
^ Sanders, Harland (2012). The Autobiography of the Original Celebrity Chef (PDF). Louisville: KFC. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Ozersky, Josh (April 2012). Colonel Sanders and the American Dream. University of Texas Press. pp. 19–24. ISBN 978-0-292-74285-7. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ Aaseng, Nathan (January 2001). Business Builders in Fast Food. Oliver Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-881508-58-8. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Smith, Andrew F. (December 2, 2011). Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat. ABC-CLIO. p. 612. ISBN 978-0-313-39394-5. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
^ Hollis, Tim (1999). Dixie Before Disney: 100 Years of Roadside Fun. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-1-61703-374-2. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Sanders, Harland (1974). The Incredible Colonel. Illinois: Creation House. pp. 98–131. ISBN 978-0-88419-053-0.
^ Binney, Ruth (April 1, 2012). Wise Words and Country Ways for Cooks. David & Charles. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-7153-3420-1.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Grimes, William (August 26, 2012). "In Kentucky, Fried Chicken History". New York Times. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ Schreiner, Bruce (July 23, 2005). "KFC still guards Colonel's secret". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Kleber, John E. (May 18, 1992). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 796. ISBN 978-0-8131-2883-2. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
^ Ozersky, Josh (2012). Colonel Sanders and the American Dream. University of Texas Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-292-74285-7. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
^ Patty Henetz; Jenifer K. Nii (April 21, 2004). "Colonel's landmark KFC is mashed". Deseret Morning News. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
^ ^a ^b John A. Jakle; Keith A. Sculle (1999). Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age. JHU Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-8018-6920-4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Liddle, Alan (October 14, 1996). "Leon W. 'Pete' Harman: the operational father of KFC has many goals — and retiring isn't one of them". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Liddle, Alan (May 21, 1990). "Pete Harman". Nation's Restaurant News.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Darden, Robert (January 1, 2004). Secret Recipe: Why Kfc Is Still Cooking After 50 Years. Tapestry Press. pp. 12, 57–58, 101, 159, 175, 211. ISBN 978-1-930819-33-7.
^ ^a ^b Smith, Andrew F. (May 1, 2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-19-530796-2. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
^ "Grace's Perfect Blend History". Grace's Perfect Blend. Archived from the original on February 15, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
^ "Glen And Friends Cooking – KFC secret Ingredients revealed". YouTube. January 22, 2021. Archived from the original on July 9, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022.
^ Cottreli, Robert (December 17, 1980). "Obituary: Colonel Sanders". Financial Times.
^ Aaseng, Nathan (January 1, 2001). Business Builders in Fast Food. The Oliver Press, Inc. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-881508-58-8. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
^ Barmash, Isadore (July 23, 1971). "Chief Expected to Leave Kentucky Fried Chicken". New York Times.
^ Smith, J. Y. (December 17, 1980). "Col. Sanders, the Fried-Chicken Gentleman, Dies". The Washington Post.
^ Stevenson, Richard W. (July 25, 1986). "Pepsico to Acquire Kentucky Fried: Deal Worth $850 Million". New York Times.
^ "COMPANY NEWS; Bid by Pepsico". The New York Times. Reuters. September 13, 1986. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
^ "COMPANY NEWS; Kentucky Chicken". The New York Times. Reuters. October 2, 1986. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
^ Brooks, Nancy Rivera (July 25, 1986). "Pepsico to Buy Kentucky Fried From RJR Nabisco – $850-Million Deal Is Good for Both Firms-Analysts". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
^ Seth Stevenson (May 3, 2004). "Alphabet Soup". Slate. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
^ "And Now, Finger Lickin' Good For Ya?". Businessweek. February 17, 1991. Archived from the original on March 21, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
^ "A feast of bargains". Sunday Herald Sun. May 31, 1992.
^ John A. Jakle; Keith A. Sculle (1999). Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age. JHU Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-8018-6920-4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
^ "Pepsico To Tricon". Chicago Tribune. October 7, 1997. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ "Pepsico Picks Name For Planned Spinoff". New York Times. June 28, 1997. Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ "Tricon Global Restaurants Shareholders Approve Company Name Change to Yum! Brands, Inc". QSR Magazine. May 16, 2002. Archived from the original on May 21, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
^ Peter, Sacha (April 1, 2011). "Priszm Income Fund Declares Bankruptcy". Divestor. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012.
^ Harwell, Drew (May 25, 2015). "The fried-chicken wars: Inside KFC's weird new fight to dethrone Chick-fil-A". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
^ "CMO Q&A: How KFC's Colonel Sanders reboot 'broke the Internet' – twice". January 27, 2016. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
^ "KFC has 'Last Comic Standing' judge Norm Macdonald as new Colonel – Business Insider". Business Insider. August 17, 2015. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
^ Johnson, Lauren (February 6, 2016). "KFC Swaps Out Norm Macdonald for Jim Gaffigan as Its Latest 'Real' Colonel". Adweek. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
^ Moran, Victoria (June 23, 2016). "KFC Brings in an Extra-Bronzed George Hamilton to Play Extra Crispy Colonel". Advertising Age. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
^ "KFC Debuts a New Colonel For Football Season". Fortune. September 8, 2016. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
^ "Reba McEntire to play KFC's Colonel Sanders". CBS News. January 26, 2018. Archived from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
^ Wohl, Jessica (April 19, 2021). "KFC U.S. chief marketing officer, Andrea Zahumensky, exits". Ad Age. Vol. 92, no. 5. p. 3. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
^ Brook, Benedict (July 26, 2019). "Fried chicken chain KFC's big branding change in Australia". news.com.au. Archived from the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
^ Iconic Global Brand (PDF). Louisville: Yum! Brands. 2014. p. 98. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
^ Thimmesch, Adam B. (2011–2012). "The Fading Bright Line of Physical Presence: Did KFC Corporation v. Iowa Department of Revenue Give States the Secret Recipe for Repudiating Quill?". Kentucky Law Journal. 100: 339–389.
^ Kleber, John E. (December 4, 2000). The Encyclopedia of Louisville. University Press of Kentucky. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-8131-2100-0. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
^ Wolf, Barney (May 2012). "David Novak's Global Vision". QSR Magazine. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
^ "Yum! Brands 10K 31/12/2011". Yum! Brands. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
^ Tian, X. (2016). Managing International Business in China. Cambridge University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-316-67764-3. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ "Nutrition Guide" (PDF). KFC Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
^ KFC UK and Ireland (August 21, 2017). "Which pieces of chicken go into your KFC bucket?". Archived from the original on December 11, 2021 – via YouTube.
^ "Nutrition Calculator". KFC. Archived from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Stephens Balakrishnan, Melodena (2013). East Meets West: the World is Round and Time is Cyclic. Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 126–132. ISBN 978-1-78190-413-8. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Serving Up Quality" (PDF). CEO Magazine. July 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ "Secret of Kentucky Fried Chicken taste". KFC Japan. Yum!. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
^ Chan, Casey (October 28, 2014). "This is How KFC Actually Makes its Fried Chicken From Beginning to End". Gizmondo. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
^ ^a ^b Steyn, Lisa (June 21, 2013). "KFC's secret recipe for growth". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ "Burgers". KFC UK. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
^ "Food". KFC US. Archived from the original on February 26, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
^ Horovitz, Bruce (July 3, 2002). "What's next: Fast-food giants hunt for new products to tempt consumers". USA Today.
^ "Chicken". KFC Australia. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Drinks". Yum!. KFC Romania. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
^ "Suara Kecewa Konsumen KFC saat Pepsi 'Cabut' dan Bakal Diganti". tirto.id. October 3, 2019. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
^ "KFC & Pizza Hut now serving Coke instead of Pepsi in Singapore". EconoTimes. July 25, 2022. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
^ "Coca-Cola, QSR Brands in multi-year partnership in Malaysia". The Star (Malaysia). August 1, 2022. Archived from the original on August 2, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
^ "KFC Menu: Drinks". KFC South Africa. Archived from the original on May 9, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
^ "Drinks 'n' Chills" (in Greek). KFC Hellas. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
^ Shaw, Aimee (November 6, 2015). "KFC ditches Pepsi for Coke". The New Zealand Herald. Auckland. Archived from the original on February 24, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
^ "Extras – Bebidas". KFC. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
^ "Piezas, snacks, complementos y bebidas" (in Spanish). KFC Peru. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
^ "Q1 2010 Yum! Brands, Inc. Earnings Conference Call — Final". FD (Fair Disclosure) Wire. April 15, 2010.
^ "Postres (Desserts)" (in Spanish). KFC Peru. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
^ Jargon, Julie (February 21, 2012). "Yum's CEO Serves Up New Taco, Growth Plans". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ "'Chicken AM': KFC launches a breakfast menu". Stuff.co.nz. October 20, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ "KFC, Beyond Meat partner to test plant-based nuggets, wings". Las Vegas Review-Journal. August 26, 2019. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
^ McKibben, Beth (August 27, 2019). "The Fate of KFC's Future Faux Fried 'Chicken' Kingdom Lies With Atlantans [Update]". Eater-Atlanta. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
^ KFC Menu Australia. 2023.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Chartrand, Sandra (February 5, 2001). "Patents; Many companies will forgo patents in an effort to safeguard their trade secrets". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ Hovey, C. (2002). The Patent Process: A Guide to Intellectual Property for the Information Age. Wiley. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-471-44217-2. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ "It pays to understand law on trade secrets". Business First. February 26, 2001. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
^ Brady, Diane (March 29, 2012). "KFC's Big Game of Chicken". Businessweek. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
^ "Colonel's Secret Recipe Gets Bodyguards". CNBC. Associated Press. September 9, 2008. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
^ Crossan, Rob (April 26, 2012). "The A to Z of fried chicken". The Times.
^ Sabra Chartrand (February 5, 2001). "Patents; Many companies will forgo patents in an effort to safeguard their trade secrets". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
^ Dodrill, Tara (August 20, 2016). "KFC Secret Recipe Found? Colonel Sanders' Nephew Shares 11 Herbs And Spices Found In Family Scrapbook". Inquisitr. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
^ David E. Bell; Mary L. Shelman (November 2011). "KFC's Radical Approach To China". Harvard Business Review. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
^ Cave, Andrew (February 20, 2011). "KFC's Colonel joins the health kick". Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
^ Clark, Andrew (April 15, 2009). "Kentucky Grilled Chicken". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
^ Chu, Kathy (February 27, 2012). "Yum Brands CEO takes on the world – a bite at a time". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ Marquis, Christopher; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022). Mao and markets the communist roots of Chinese enterprise. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-300-26883-6. OCLC 1348572572.
^ "Nutrition Guide" (PDF). KFC US. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
^ Bhasin, Kim (October 25, 2012). "The All-You-Can-Eat KFC Buffet Is The Unicorn Of Fast Food". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
^ Mattos, Melinda (August 1, 2010). "Hungry for change". Campaign. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
^ Remland, M.S.; Jones, T.S.; Foeman, A.; Arévalo, D.R. (2014). Intercultural Communication: A Peacebuilding Perspective. Waveland Press. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-4786-2690-9. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ "Sides". KFC US. Archived from the original on February 26, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
^ "Bean Salad". kfc.co.nz. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
^ "Signature Sides". KFC Arabia. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
^ Kaiman, Jonathan (January 4, 2012). "China's fast-food pioneer struggles to keep customers saying 'YUM!'". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
^ "Seasoned Potato Wedges". KFC US. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
^ "Drinks". KFC Russia. Yum! Brands. Archived from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
^ "Drinks" (in Ukrainian). KFC Ukraine. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
^ "Drinks" (in Portuguese). KFC Portugal. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
^ "KFC unveils exciting revamp to its iconic fries recipe, introduces 'Signature Fries'". The Economic Times. October 9, 2023. Archived from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Coomes, Steve (July 17, 2012). "Winston Shelton: The Colonel's Corporal". Louisville Magazine. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "History". Winston Industries. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
^ "Henny Penny Wins KFC Equipment Supplier of the Year Award". Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
^ President and Fellows of Harvard College (1994). PepsioCo's Restaurants. Boston: Harvard Business School. p. 9.
^ "North America's Hospitality Dish". Trademarkia. KFC Corporation. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
^ Dukes, Terry (2000). "KFC: The Animated Colonel Campaign". Institute of Practitioners in Advertising. WARC [World Advertising Center]. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ Momen Putrym, Goldie (February 21, 2010). "So Good? KFC Drops Famous Catchphrase". Sky News. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
^ Reynolds, John (April 6, 2011). "Profile: Jennelle Tilling, vice-president of marketing, UK and Ireland at KFC". PR Week. Archived from the original on March 26, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
^ Rogers, Ian (June 9, 2012). "The Mystery of the Colonel". Grey Not Grey. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
^ Patrick, Colin (July 1, 2012). "Wendy's Founder Dave Thomas Worked for Colonel Sanders". Mental Floss. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
^ Carpenter, B. (2004). Dave Thomas. In W. L. O'Neill & K. T. Jackson (Eds.), The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives (2004 ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons.
^ Rood, George (January 5, 1969). "Accidental Competitor in Chicken Game Is Winner". The New York Times.
^ Georgescu, Peter (July 2005). The Source of Success: Five Enduring Principles at the Heart of Real Leadership. John Wiley & Sons. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-7879-8133-4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ Barnett, Michael (December 16, 2010). "Colonel Sanders' new modern army of outlets". Marketing Week. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^ Yaziji, Michael; Doh, Jonathan (2009). "Case illustration: PETA and KFC". NGOs and Corporations: Conflict and Collaboration. Business, Value Creation, and Society. Cambridge University Press. pp. 112–114. ISBN 978-0-521-86684-2.
^ Chuck Williams; Terry Champion; Ike Hall (2011). MGMT. Cengage Learning. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-17-650235-5. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
^ Swann, Patricia (April 2010). Cases in Public Relations Management. Routledge. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-0-203-85136-4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^ Annual Report (PDF). Louisville: Yum! Brands. 2008. p. 52. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
^ Lawrence, Felicity; Vidal, John (July 24, 2006). "Food giants to boycott illegal Amazon soya". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
^ Clark, Andrew (January 6, 2010). "KFC accused of racism over Australian advertisement". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Jim Efstathiou Jr.; Leslie Patton (June 13, 2012). "KFC Using Rain-Forest Wood in Boxes, Greenpeace Says". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
^ ^a ^b "KFC Using Rain-Forest Wood in Boxes, Greenpeace Says". Businessweek. June 13, 2012. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
^ Badasha, Kamalpreet (May 24, 2012). "KFC denies Greenpeace sourcing allegations". Supply Management. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Hsu, Tiffany (February 5, 2013). "After KFC chicken scare, Yum plans to 'stay the course in China'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
^ Cai, Debbie (March 11, 2013). "Yum's China Sales Fall 20% as It Tries to Win Back KFC Customers". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
^ "KFC fined nearly £1m after two workers scalded by boiling hot gravy". ITV News. January 20, 2017. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
^ Petroff, Alanna (February 20, 2018). "KFC chicken shortage will hit UK stores all week". CNN. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
^ Petroff, Alanna (February 23, 2018). "KFC apologizes for chicken shortage with a hilarious hidden message". CNN. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
^ "Joku pystytti teltan pian avattavan KFC-ravintolan eteen Itäkeskuksessa ja värjöttelee sateessa varpaat jäässä jo kolmatta päivää: "Kanoista tykkään"". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). November 10, 2021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Vegan "chicken lover" protests KFC launch in Finland". Yle News. November 11, 2021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
^ "KFC:n telttamies olikin aktivisti: Mielenosoittajat talutettiin ulos – sisällä hurrattiin kanansyönnille". Iltalehti (in Finnish). November 11, 2021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
^ "Major companies including McDonald's are under fire for failing to boycott Russia". Happy Mag. March 5, 2022. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
^
"Ukraine invasion: Attention turns to McDonald's and crypto exchanges, yet to take a stand against Russia". Sky News. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- Creswell, Julie (March 5, 2022). "Fast-food chains and food producers stay open in Russia, and mostly quiet about Ukraine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- Sequeira, Tahira (October 28, 2021). "KFC embroiled in minor controversy for decision to import chicken to Finland". Helsinki Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
- Winchester, Levi (March 4, 2022). "McDonald's under pressure for opening as 'normal' in Russia despite Ukraine war". mirror. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- Marler, Bill (February 28, 2022). "KFC, McDonald's, Burger King, Starbucks and Pizza Hut, close your Russian Restaurants until Putin removes troops from Ukraine". Marler Blog. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
^ "KFC faces backlash over 'misleading' portrayal of UK chicken farming". the Guardian. April 12, 2022. Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
^ Binley, Alex (November 10, 2022). "KFC apologises after German Kristallnacht promotion". BBC News. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
^ "KFC Malaysia temporarily closes outlets amid Gaza boycott". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
^ "Two KFC outlets attacked in Baghdad over Gaza war, police sources say". Reuters. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
^ Ungoed-Thomas, Jon (November 23, 2024). "KFC drops pledge to stop using 'Frankenchickens' in the UK". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved December 8, 2024.

External links

Official website

38°11′53.0″N 85°41′44.6″W / 38.198056°N 85.695722°W / 38.198056; -85.695722

[1] "KFC Surpasses 30,000 Restaurants Worldwide". global.kfc.com (Press release). March 12, 2024. Archived from the original on March 18, 2024. Retrieved April 22, 2024.

[2] Luna, Nancy (May 13, 2019). "KFC promotes Monica Rothgery to COO of U.S. division". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019.

[3] "Yum Financial Statement 2023" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.

[4] "KFC Corporation". OpenCorporates. February 11, 1971. Archived from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved April 11, 2024.

[5] "KFC: restaurants worldwide 2019". Statista. Archived from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved May 14, 2020.

[YUM!-Brands-Feb-2018-10-K-6] "YUM! Brands, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 22, 2018". secdatabase.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018.

[Whitworth-1970-7] Whitworth, William (February 14, 1970). "Kentucky-Fried". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.

[Klotter2005-8] Klotter, James C. (2005). The Human Tradition in the New South. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-7425-4476-5. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2013.

[celebritychef3-9] Sanders, Harland (2012). The Autobiography of the Original Celebrity Chef (PDF). Louisville: KFC. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2013.

[Ozersky2012-10] Ozersky, Josh (April 2012). Colonel Sanders and the American Dream. University of Texas Press. pp. 19–24. ISBN 978-0-292-74285-7. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[Aaseng2001-11] Aaseng, Nathan (January 2001). Business Builders in Fast Food. Oliver Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-881508-58-8. Retrieved March 13, 2013.

[Smith2011-12] Smith, Andrew F. (December 2, 2011). Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat. ABC-CLIO. p. 612. ISBN 978-0-313-39394-5. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.

[Hollis1920-13] Hollis, Tim (1999). Dixie Before Disney: 100 Years of Roadside Fun. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-1-61703-374-2. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.

[Sanders-1974-14] Sanders, Harland (1974). The Incredible Colonel. Illinois: Creation House. pp. 98–131. ISBN 978-0-88419-053-0.

[Binney2012-15] Binney, Ruth (April 1, 2012). Wise Words and Country Ways for Cooks. David & Charles. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-7153-3420-1.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[history-16] Grimes, William (August 26, 2012). "In Kentucky, Fried Chicken History". New York Times. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[july1940-17] Schreiner, Bruce (July 23, 2005). "KFC still guards Colonel's secret". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2013.

[Kleber1992-18] Kleber, John E. (May 18, 1992). The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky. p. 796. ISBN 978-0-8131-2883-2. Retrieved March 13, 2013.

[Ozersky-19] Ozersky, Josh (2012). Colonel Sanders and the American Dream. University of Texas Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-292-74285-7. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved April 7, 2013.

[mashed-20] Patty Henetz; Jenifer K. Nii (April 21, 2004). "Colonel's landmark KFC is mashed". Deseret Morning News. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2013.

[JakleSculle1999-21] John A. Jakle; Keith A. Sculle (1999). Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age. JHU Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-8018-6920-4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2013.

[Liddle,_Alan-1996-22] Liddle, Alan (October 14, 1996). "Leon W. 'Pete' Harman: the operational father of KFC has many goals — and retiring isn't one of them". Nation's Restaurant News. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2012.

[Liddle,_Alan-1990-23] Liddle, Alan (May 21, 1990). "Pete Harman". Nation's Restaurant News.

[Darden1-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Darden, Robert (January 1, 2004). Secret Recipe: Why Kfc Is Still Cooking After 50 Years. Tapestry Press. pp. 12, 57–58, 101, 159, 175, 211. ISBN 978-1-930819-33-7.

[Smith2007-25] Smith, Andrew F. (May 1, 2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-19-530796-2. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2013.

[26] "Grace's Perfect Blend History". Grace's Perfect Blend. Archived from the original on February 15, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2023.

[27] "Glen And Friends Cooking – KFC secret Ingredients revealed". YouTube. January 22, 2021. Archived from the original on July 9, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022.

[Cottreli-1980-28] Cottreli, Robert (December 17, 1980). "Obituary: Colonel Sanders". Financial Times.

[29] Aaseng, Nathan (January 1, 2001). Business Builders in Fast Food. The Oliver Press, Inc. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-881508-58-8. Retrieved March 13, 2013.

[Barmash-1971-30] Barmash, Isadore (July 23, 1971). "Chief Expected to Leave Kentucky Fried Chicken". New York Times.

[washpostobit-31] Smith, J. Y. (December 17, 1980). "Col. Sanders, the Fried-Chicken Gentleman, Dies". The Washington Post.

[Stevenson-1986-32] Stevenson, Richard W. (July 25, 1986). "Pepsico to Acquire Kentucky Fried: Deal Worth $850 Million". New York Times.

[33] "COMPANY NEWS; Bid by Pepsico". The New York Times. Reuters. September 13, 1986. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2021.

[34] "COMPANY NEWS; Kentucky Chicken". The New York Times. Reuters. October 2, 1986. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved March 18, 2021.

[Brooks,_Nancy_Rivera-1986-35] Brooks, Nancy Rivera (July 25, 1986). "Pepsico to Buy Kentucky Fried From RJR Nabisco – $850-Million Deal Is Good for Both Firms-Analysts". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.

[Seth_Stevenson-2004-36] Seth Stevenson (May 3, 2004). "Alphabet Soup". Slate. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2012.

[37] "And Now, Finger Lickin' Good For Ya?". Businessweek. February 17, 1991. Archived from the original on March 21, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2013.

[newitems-38] "A feast of bargains". Sunday Herald Sun. May 31, 1992.

[39] John A. Jakle; Keith A. Sculle (1999). Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age. JHU Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-8018-6920-4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2013.

[Chicago_Tribune-1997-40] "Pepsico To Tricon". Chicago Tribune. October 7, 1997. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[New_York_Times-1997-41] "Pepsico Picks Name For Planned Spinoff". New York Times. June 28, 1997. Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[tricontoyum-42] "Tricon Global Restaurants Shareholders Approve Company Name Change to Yum! Brands, Inc". QSR Magazine. May 16, 2002. Archived from the original on May 21, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2013.

[43] Peter, Sacha (April 1, 2011). "Priszm Income Fund Declares Bankruptcy". Divestor. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012.

[2015revamp-44] Harwell, Drew (May 25, 2015). "The fried-chicken wars: Inside KFC's weird new fight to dethrone Chick-fil-A". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2015.

[45] "CMO Q&A: How KFC's Colonel Sanders reboot 'broke the Internet' – twice". January 27, 2016. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2016.

[46] "KFC has 'Last Comic Standing' judge Norm Macdonald as new Colonel – Business Insider". Business Insider. August 17, 2015. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved September 10, 2016.

[47] Johnson, Lauren (February 6, 2016). "KFC Swaps Out Norm Macdonald for Jim Gaffigan as Its Latest 'Real' Colonel". Adweek. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.

[48] Moran, Victoria (June 23, 2016). "KFC Brings in an Extra-Bronzed George Hamilton to Play Extra Crispy Colonel". Advertising Age. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.

[49] "KFC Debuts a New Colonel For Football Season". Fortune. September 8, 2016. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.

[50] "Reba McEntire to play KFC's Colonel Sanders". CBS News. January 26, 2018. Archived from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved January 27, 2018.

[51] Wohl, Jessica (April 19, 2021). "KFC U.S. chief marketing officer, Andrea Zahumensky, exits". Ad Age. Vol. 92, no. 5. p. 3. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved May 13, 2022.

[52] Brook, Benedict (July 26, 2019). "Fried chicken chain KFC's big branding change in Australia". news.com.au. Archived from the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2023.

[yumpresentation-53] Iconic Global Brand (PDF). Louisville: Yum! Brands. 2014. p. 98. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2016.

[thimmesch-54] Thimmesch, Adam B. (2011–2012). "The Fading Bright Line of Physical Presence: Did KFC Corporation v. Iowa Department of Revenue Give States the Secret Recipe for Repudiating Quill?". Kentucky Law Journal. 100: 339–389.

[Kleber2000-55] Kleber, John E. (December 4, 2000). The Encyclopedia of Louisville. University Press of Kentucky. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-8131-2100-0. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved September 11, 2012.

[storey-56] Wolf, Barney (May 2012). "David Novak's Global Vision". QSR Magazine. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2014.

[57] "Yum! Brands 10K 31/12/2011". Yum! Brands. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.

[58] Tian, X. (2016). Managing International Business in China. Cambridge University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-316-67764-3. Retrieved November 7, 2017.

[59] "Nutrition Guide" (PDF). KFC Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2013.

[60] KFC UK and Ireland (August 21, 2017). "Which pieces of chicken go into your KFC bucket?". Archived from the original on December 11, 2021 – via YouTube.

[61] "Nutrition Calculator". KFC. Archived from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2018.

[Balakrishnan132-62] Stephens Balakrishnan, Melodena (2013). East Meets West: the World is Round and Time is Cyclic. Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 126–132. ISBN 978-1-78190-413-8. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.

[ceomag-63] "Serving Up Quality" (PDF). CEO Magazine. July 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013.

[cooktemp-64] "Secret of Kentucky Fried Chicken taste". KFC Japan. Yum!. Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.

[howitsmade-65] Chan, Casey (October 28, 2014). "This is How KFC Actually Makes its Fried Chicken From Beginning to End". Gizmondo. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2014.

[steyn-66] Steyn, Lisa (June 21, 2013). "KFC's secret recipe for growth". Mail & Guardian. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013.

[67] "Burgers". KFC UK. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.

[68] "Food". KFC US. Archived from the original on February 26, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.

[69] Horovitz, Bruce (July 3, 2002). "What's next: Fast-food giants hunt for new products to tempt consumers". USA Today.

[70] "Chicken". KFC Australia. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved January 1, 2014.

[romaniadrinks-71] "Drinks". Yum!. KFC Romania. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.

[72] "Suara Kecewa Konsumen KFC saat Pepsi 'Cabut' dan Bakal Diganti". tirto.id. October 3, 2019. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.

[73] "KFC & Pizza Hut now serving Coke instead of Pepsi in Singapore". EconoTimes. July 25, 2022. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.

[74] "Coca-Cola, QSR Brands in multi-year partnership in Malaysia". The Star (Malaysia). August 1, 2022. Archived from the original on August 2, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022.

[75] "KFC Menu: Drinks". KFC South Africa. Archived from the original on May 9, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.

[76] "Drinks 'n' Chills" (in Greek). KFC Hellas. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2013.

[77] Shaw, Aimee (November 6, 2015). "KFC ditches Pepsi for Coke". The New Zealand Herald. Auckland. Archived from the original on February 24, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.

[78] "Extras – Bebidas". KFC. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.

[79] "Piezas, snacks, complementos y bebidas" (in Spanish). KFC Peru. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.

[80] "Q1 2010 Yum! Brands, Inc. Earnings Conference Call — Final". FD (Fair Disclosure) Wire. April 15, 2010.

[81] "Postres (Desserts)" (in Spanish). KFC Peru. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.

[jargon-82] Jargon, Julie (February 21, 2012). "Yum's CEO Serves Up New Taco, Growth Plans". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 24, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[83] "'Chicken AM': KFC launches a breakfast menu". Stuff.co.nz. October 20, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.

[84] "KFC, Beyond Meat partner to test plant-based nuggets, wings". Las Vegas Review-Journal. August 26, 2019. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.

[85] McKibben, Beth (August 27, 2019). "The Fate of KFC's Future Faux Fried 'Chicken' Kingdom Lies With Atlantans [Update]". Eater-Atlanta. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.

[86] KFC Menu Australia. 2023.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[Chartrand-87] Chartrand, Sandra (February 5, 2001). "Patents; Many companies will forgo patents in an effort to safeguard their trade secrets". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[88] Hovey, C. (2002). The Patent Process: A Guide to Intellectual Property for the Information Age. Wiley. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-471-44217-2. Retrieved November 7, 2017.

[89] "It pays to understand law on trade secrets". Business First. February 26, 2001. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2013.

[Brady,_Diane-2012-90] Brady, Diane (March 29, 2012). "KFC's Big Game of Chicken". Businessweek. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2012.

[91] "Colonel's Secret Recipe Gets Bodyguards". CNBC. Associated Press. September 9, 2008. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.

[crossan-92] Crossan, Rob (April 26, 2012). "The A to Z of fried chicken". The Times.

[93] Sabra Chartrand (February 5, 2001). "Patents; Many companies will forgo patents in an effort to safeguard their trade secrets". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.

[94] Dodrill, Tara (August 20, 2016). "KFC Secret Recipe Found? Colonel Sanders' Nephew Shares 11 Herbs And Spices Found In Family Scrapbook". Inquisitr. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2016.

[95] David E. Bell; Mary L. Shelman (November 2011). "KFC's Radical Approach To China". Harvard Business Review. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.

[brazer-96] Cave, Andrew (February 20, 2011). "KFC's Colonel joins the health kick". Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2013.

[grilled-97] Clark, Andrew (April 15, 2009). "Kentucky Grilled Chicken". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.

[Chu,_Kathy-2012-98] Chu, Kathy (February 27, 2012). "Yum Brands CEO takes on the world – a bite at a time". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[99] Marquis, Christopher; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022). Mao and markets the communist roots of Chinese enterprise. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-300-26883-6. OCLC 1348572572.

[100] "Nutrition Guide" (PDF). KFC US. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2013.

[101] Bhasin, Kim (October 25, 2012). "The All-You-Can-Eat KFC Buffet Is The Unicorn Of Fast Food". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2012.

[streetwise-102] Mattos, Melinda (August 1, 2010). "Hungry for change". Campaign. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.

[103] Remland, M.S.; Jones, T.S.; Foeman, A.; Arévalo, D.R. (2014). Intercultural Communication: A Peacebuilding Perspective. Waveland Press. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-4786-2690-9. Retrieved November 7, 2017.

[104] "Sides". KFC US. Archived from the original on February 26, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.

[105] "Bean Salad". kfc.co.nz. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.

[106] "Signature Sides". KFC Arabia. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2013.

[107] Kaiman, Jonathan (January 4, 2012). "China's fast-food pioneer struggles to keep customers saying 'YUM!'". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2012.

[108] "Seasoned Potato Wedges". KFC US. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved February 2, 2013.

[russiabeer-109] "Drinks". KFC Russia. Yum! Brands. Archived from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2014.

[110] "Drinks" (in Ukrainian). KFC Ukraine. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.

[port-111] "Drinks" (in Portuguese). KFC Portugal. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2013.

[112] "KFC unveils exciting revamp to its iconic fries recipe, introduces 'Signature Fries'". The Economic Times. October 9, 2023. Archived from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved March 5, 2024.

[shelton-113] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Coomes, Steve (July 17, 2012). "Winston Shelton: The Colonel's Corporal". Louisville Magazine. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2013.

[winston-114] "History". Winston Industries. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.

[115] "Henny Penny Wins KFC Equipment Supplier of the Year Award". Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.

[harvardbiz-116] President and Fellows of Harvard College (1994). PepsioCo's Restaurants. Boston: Harvard Business School. p. 9.

[117] "North America's Hospitality Dish". Trademarkia. KFC Corporation. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2013.

[118] Dukes, Terry (2000). "KFC: The Animated Colonel Campaign". Institute of Practitioners in Advertising. WARC [World Advertising Center]. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2013.

[Momen_Putrym,_Goldie-2010-119] Momen Putrym, Goldie (February 21, 2010). "So Good? KFC Drops Famous Catchphrase". Sky News. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2012.

[120] Reynolds, John (April 6, 2011). "Profile: Jennelle Tilling, vice-president of marketing, UK and Ireland at KFC". PR Week. Archived from the original on March 26, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2013.

[logohist-121] Rogers, Ian (June 9, 2012). "The Mystery of the Colonel". Grey Not Grey. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2014.

[122] Patrick, Colin (July 1, 2012). "Wendy's Founder Dave Thomas Worked for Colonel Sanders". Mental Floss. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2020.

[123] Carpenter, B. (2004). Dave Thomas. In W. L. O'Neill & K. T. Jackson (Eds.), The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives (2004 ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons.

[rood-124] Rood, George (January 5, 1969). "Accidental Competitor in Chicken Game Is Winner". The New York Times.

[Georgescu2005-125] Georgescu, Peter (July 2005). The Source of Success: Five Enduring Principles at the Heart of Real Leadership. John Wiley & Sons. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-7879-8133-4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[126] Barnett, Michael (December 16, 2010). "Colonel Sanders' new modern army of outlets". Marketing Week. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.

[127] Yaziji, Michael; Doh, Jonathan (2009). "Case illustration: PETA and KFC". NGOs and Corporations: Conflict and Collaboration. Business, Value Creation, and Society. Cambridge University Press. pp. 112–114. ISBN 978-0-521-86684-2.

[WilliamsChampion2011-128] Chuck Williams; Terry Champion; Ike Hall (2011). MGMT. Cengage Learning. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-17-650235-5. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2016.

[Swann2010-129] Swann, Patricia (April 2010). Cases in Public Relations Management. Routledge. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-0-203-85136-4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved September 26, 2013.

[an08-130] Annual Report (PDF). Louisville: Yum! Brands. 2008. p. 52. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2013.

[cargill-131] Lawrence, Felicity; Vidal, John (July 24, 2006). "Food giants to boycott illegal Amazon soya". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2016.

[132] Clark, Andrew (January 6, 2010). "KFC accused of racism over Australian advertisement". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2016.

[rainforest-133] Jim Efstathiou Jr.; Leslie Patton (June 13, 2012). "KFC Using Rain-Forest Wood in Boxes, Greenpeace Says". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013.

[Businessweek-2012-134] "KFC Using Rain-Forest Wood in Boxes, Greenpeace Says". Businessweek. June 13, 2012. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2012.

[135] Badasha, Kamalpreet (May 24, 2012). "KFC denies Greenpeace sourcing allegations". Supply Management. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2012.

[Hsu-2013-136] Hsu, Tiffany (February 5, 2013). "After KFC chicken scare, Yum plans to 'stay the course in China'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2013.

[137] Cai, Debbie (March 11, 2013). "Yum's China Sales Fall 20% as It Tries to Win Back KFC Customers". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2013.

[138] "KFC fined nearly £1m after two workers scalded by boiling hot gravy". ITV News. January 20, 2017. Archived from the original on October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.

[139] Petroff, Alanna (February 20, 2018). "KFC chicken shortage will hit UK stores all week". CNN. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2018.

[140] Petroff, Alanna (February 23, 2018). "KFC apologizes for chicken shortage with a hilarious hidden message". CNN. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2018.

[141] "Joku pystytti teltan pian avattavan KFC-ravintolan eteen Itäkeskuksessa ja värjöttelee sateessa varpaat jäässä jo kolmatta päivää: "Kanoista tykkään"". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). November 10, 2021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

[yle-142] "Vegan "chicken lover" protests KFC launch in Finland". Yle News. November 11, 2021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

[143] "KFC:n telttamies olikin aktivisti: Mielenosoittajat talutettiin ulos – sisällä hurrattiin kanansyönnille". Iltalehti (in Finnish). November 11, 2021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

[144] "Major companies including McDonald's are under fire for failing to boycott Russia". Happy Mag. March 5, 2022. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.

[145] "Ukraine invasion: Attention turns to McDonald's and crypto exchanges, yet to take a stand against Russia". Sky News. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
Creswell, Julie (March 5, 2022). "Fast-food chains and food producers stay open in Russia, and mostly quiet about Ukraine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.

Sequeira, Tahira (October 28, 2021). "KFC embroiled in minor controversy for decision to import chicken to Finland". Helsinki Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

Winchester, Levi (March 4, 2022). "McDonald's under pressure for opening as 'normal' in Russia despite Ukraine war". mirror. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.

Marler, Bill (February 28, 2022). "KFC, McDonald's, Burger King, Starbucks and Pizza Hut, close your Russian Restaurants until Putin removes troops from Ukraine". Marler Blog. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.

[146] Creswell, Julie (March 5, 2022). "Fast-food chains and food producers stay open in Russia, and mostly quiet about Ukraine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 9, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.

[147] Sequeira, Tahira (October 28, 2021). "KFC embroiled in minor controversy for decision to import chicken to Finland". Helsinki Times. Archived from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

[148] Winchester, Levi (March 4, 2022). "McDonald's under pressure for opening as 'normal' in Russia despite Ukraine war". mirror. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.

[149] Marler, Bill (February 28, 2022). "KFC, McDonald's, Burger King, Starbucks and Pizza Hut, close your Russian Restaurants until Putin removes troops from Ukraine". Marler Blog. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.

[146] "KFC faces backlash over 'misleading' portrayal of UK chicken farming". the Guardian. April 12, 2022. Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.

[147] Binley, Alex (November 10, 2022). "KFC apologises after German Kristallnacht promotion". BBC News. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.

[148] "KFC Malaysia temporarily closes outlets amid Gaza boycott". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.

[149] "Two KFC outlets attacked in Baghdad over Gaza war, police sources say". Reuters. Retrieved August 6, 2024.

[150] Ungoed-Thomas, Jon (November 23, 2024). "KFC drops pledge to stop using 'Frankenchickens' in the UK". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved December 8, 2024.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
 {{Good article}}
-{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2024}}
+{{Use American English|date=September 2024}}
 {{Infobox company
 | name = KFC Corporation
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 | foundation = {{unbulleted list
  |'''Sanders Court & Café''':<br />{{start date and age|1930|3|20}}<br />[[North Corbin, Kentucky]], U.S.
- |'''First franchise''':<br />{{start date and age|1952|9|24}}<br />[[Salt Lake City, Utah]], U.S.}}
+ |'''First franchise''':<br />{{start date and age|1952|9|24}}<br />[[Salt Lake County]], Utah, U.S.}}
-| founder = {{ubl|[[Harland Sanders]]|[[Pete Harman]]}}
+| founder = {{ubl|[[Colonel Sanders|Harland Sanders]]|[[Pete Harman]]}}
-| hq_location = 1441 [[Gardiner Lane]]<br />[[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.<br />[[Dallas, Texas]], U.S. (global)
+| hq_location = 1441 [[Gardiner Lane]]<br />[[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.<br />[[Dallas]], Texas, U.S. (global)
-| num_locations = 30,000<ref>https://global.kfc.com/press-releases/kfc-surpasses-30-000-restaurants-worldwide/#:~:text=This%20opens%20in%20a%20new%20window.&text=Plano%2C%20Texas%2C%20March%2012%2C,cementing%20its%20steady%2C%20continued%20expansion.</ref>
+| num_locations = 30,000<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://global.kfc.com/press-releases/kfc-surpasses-30-000-restaurants-worldwide |title=KFC Surpasses 30,000 Restaurants Worldwide |date=March 12, 2024 |website=global.kfc.com |access-date=April 22, 2024 |archive-date=March 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318161638/https://global.kfc.com/press-releases/kfc-surpasses-30-000-restaurants-worldwide/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | num_locations_year = 2024
 | key_people = {{unbulleted list
-|Sabir Sami ([[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]])
+|Sabir Sami ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
 |Dyke Shipp ([[President (corporate title)|president]])
-|Monica Rothgery ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrn.com/quick-service/kfc-promotes-monica-rothgery-coo-us-division|last=Luna|first=Nancy|date=May 13, 2019|title=KFC promotes Monica Rothgery to COO of U.S. division|work=[[Nation's Restaurant News]]|access-date=May 15, 2019|archive-date=May 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513184742/https://www.nrn.com/quick-service/kfc-promotes-monica-rothgery-coo-us-division|url-status=live}}</ref>
+|Monica Rothgery (COO)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrn.com/quick-service/kfc-promotes-monica-rothgery-coo-us-division|last=Luna|first=Nancy|date=May 13, 2019|title=KFC promotes Monica Rothgery to COO of U.S. division|work=[[Nation's Restaurant News]]|access-date=May 15, 2019|archive-date=May 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513184742/https://www.nrn.com/quick-service/kfc-promotes-monica-rothgery-coo-us-division|url-status=live}}</ref>
 |Catherine Tan ([[Chief marketing officer|CMO]])
 |Staci Rawls ([[Chief communications officer|CCO]])
  }}
+| area_served = Worldwide ([[List of countries with KFC franchises|145 countries]])
-| industry = [[Restaurant]]s
+| industry = Restaurants
 | genre = [[Fast food restaurant]]
 | products = {{flatlist|
@@ Line 32: / Line 34: @@
 * [[Wrap (sandwich)|Wrap]]s
 * [[French fries]]
-* [[Soft drink]]s
+* Soft drinks
 * [[Milkshake]]s
 * [[Salad]]s
+* Desserts
-* [[Dessert]]s
-* [[Breakfast]]
+* [[Breakfast]]s
  }}
-| revenue = [[US$]]2.83 billion (2023)<ref>{{cite web|title=Yum Financial Statement 2023|url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/890585342/files/doc_financials/2023/q4/Q4-23-Website-Data_IR-Website-Copy.pdf|access-date=March 4, 2024}}</ref>
+| revenue = US$2.83 billion (2023)<ref>{{cite web|title=Yum Financial Statement 2023|url=https://s2.q4cdn.com/890585342/files/doc_financials/2023/q4/Q4-23-Website-Data_IR-Website-Copy.pdf|access-date=March 4, 2024|archive-date=May 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510073530/https://s2.q4cdn.com/890585342/files/doc_financials/2023/q4/Q4-23-Website-Data_IR-Website-Copy.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
 | parent = [[Yum! Brands]]
-| homepage = {{URL|https://kfc.com/}}
+| homepage = {{URL|https://www.kfc.com/|kfc.com}}
 }}
-'''KFC Corporation''',<ref>{{Cite web |date=1971-02-11 |title=KFC Corporation |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/770135 |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=[[OpenCorporates]]}}</ref> [[doing business as]] '''KFC''' (also commonly referred to by its historical name '''Kentucky Fried Chicken'''), is an American [[fast food]] restaurant chain that specializes in [[fried chicken]]. Headquartered in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after [[McDonald's]], with over 30,000 locations globally in 150 countries {{as of|lc=y|April 2024|}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=KFC: restaurants worldwide 2019|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/256793/kfc-restaurants-worldwide-by-geographic-region/|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-date=May 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502070614/https://www.statista.com/statistics/256793/kfc-restaurants-worldwide-by-geographic-region/|url-status=live}}</ref> The chain is a subsidiary of [[Yum! Brands]], a restaurant company that also owns the [[Pizza Hut]] and [[Taco Bell]] chains.<ref name="YUM!-Brands-Feb-2018-10-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2549/104106118000013/filing-main.htm |title=YUM! Brands, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 22, 2018 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=May 3, 2018 |archive-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504091222/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2549/104106118000013/filing-main.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
+'''KFC Corporation''',<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 1971 |title=KFC Corporation |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/770135 |access-date=April 11, 2024 |website=[[OpenCorporates]] |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510073533/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_de/770135 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Trade name|doing business as]] '''KFC''' (also commonly referred to by its historical name '''Kentucky Fried Chicken'''), is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in [[fried chicken]]. Headquartered in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain (as measured by sales) after [[McDonald's]], with over 30,000 locations globally in 150 countries {{as of|lc=y|April 2024|}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=KFC: restaurants worldwide 2019|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/256793/kfc-restaurants-worldwide-by-geographic-region/|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=May 14, 2020|archive-date=May 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502070614/https://www.statista.com/statistics/256793/kfc-restaurants-worldwide-by-geographic-region/|url-status=live}}</ref> The chain is a subsidiary of [[Yum! Brands]], a restaurant company that also owns the [[Pizza Hut]] and [[Taco Bell]] chains.<ref name="YUM!-Brands-Feb-2018-10-K">{{cite web |url=http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2549/104106118000013/filing-main.htm |title=YUM! Brands, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Feb 22, 2018 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=May 3, 2018 |archive-date=May 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504091222/http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2549/104106118000013/filing-main.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
-KFC was founded by [[Colonel Sanders|Colonel Harland Sanders]] (1890–1980), an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in [[Corbin, Kentucky]], during the [[Great Depression]]. Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant [[franchising]] concept and the first "Kentucky Fried Chicken" franchise opened in [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah]], in 1952. KFC popularized chicken in the fast-food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the [[hamburger]]. By branding himself as "Colonel Sanders", Harland became a prominent figure of [[Cultural history of the United States|American cultural history]] and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising to this day. However, the company's rapid expansion overwhelmed the aging Sanders and he sold it to a group of investors led by [[John Y. Brown Jr.]] and [[Jack C. Massey]] in 1964.
+KFC was founded by [[Colonel Sanders|Colonel Harland Sanders]] (1890–1980), an entrepreneur who began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant in [[Corbin, Kentucky]], during the [[Great Depression]]. Sanders identified the potential of the restaurant-[[franchising]] concept, and the first "Kentucky Fried Chicken" franchise opened in [[Salt Lake County, Utah|Salt Lake County]], Utah, in 1952. KFC popularized chicken in the fast-food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the established dominance of the [[hamburger]]. By branding himself as "Colonel Sanders", Harland became a prominent figure of [[American cultural history]] and his image remains widely used in KFC advertising to this day. However, the company's rapid expansion overwhelmed the aging Sanders, and he sold it to a group of investors led by [[John Y. Brown Jr.]] and [[Jack C. Massey]] in 1964.
 [[File:A modern KFC restaurant in Murphy, North Carolina.jpg|thumb|A modern KFC restaurant in [[Murphy, North Carolina]]]]
-KFC was one of the first American fast-food chains to expand internationally, opening outlets in Canada, the [[United Kingdom]], Mexico and [[Jamaica]] by the mid-1960s. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it experienced mixed fortunes domestically, as it went through a series of changes in corporate ownership with little or no experience in the restaurant business. In the early 1970s, KFC was sold to the [[Distilled spirit|spirit]]s distributor [[Heublein]], which was taken over by the [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company|R. J. Reynolds]] food and [[tobacco]] conglomerate; that company sold the chain to [[PepsiCo]]. The chain continued to expand overseas, however, and in 1987 it became the first Western restaurant chain to open in China. It has since [[KFC in China|expanded rapidly in China]], which is now the company's single largest market. PepsiCo [[Corporate spin-off|spun off]] its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants, which later changed its name to [[Yum! Brands]].
+KFC was one of the first American fast-food chains to expand internationally, opening outlets in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico and [[Jamaica]] by the mid-1960s. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it experienced mixed fortunes domestically, as it went through a series of changes in corporate ownership with little or no experience in the restaurant business. In the early 1970s, KFC was sold to the [[Distilled spirit|spirit]]s distributor [[Heublein]], which was taken over by the [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company|R. J. Reynolds]] food and tobacco conglomerate; that company sold the chain to [[PepsiCo]]. The chain continued to expand overseas, however, and in 1987 it became the first Western restaurant chain to open in China. It has since [[KFC in China|expanded rapidly in China]], which is now the company's single largest market. PepsiCo [[Corporate spin-off|spun off]] its restaurants division as Tricon Global Restaurants, which later changed its name to [[Yum! Brands]].
-KFC's original product is [[Pressure frying|pressure-fried]] chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders' signature recipe of "[[KFC Original Recipe|11 herbs and spices]]". The constituents of the recipe are a [[trade secret]]. Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard "bucket", which has become a feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee [[Pete Harman]] in 1957. Since the early 1990s, KFC has expanded its menu to offer other chicken products such as [[Chicken burger|chicken fillet sandwich]]es and [[Wrap (sandwich)|wrap]]s, as well as salads and side dishes such as [[French fries]] and [[coleslaw]], desserts and [[soft drink]]s; the latter often supplied by PepsiCo. KFC is known for its [[slogan]]s "It's Finger Lickin' Good!", "Nobody does chicken like KFC" and "So good".
+KFC's original product is [[Pressure frying|pressure-fried]] chicken pieces, seasoned with Sanders' signature recipe of "[[11 herbs and spices]]". The constituents of the recipe are a [[trade secret]]. Larger portions of fried chicken are served in a cardboard "bucket", which has become a feature of the chain since it was first introduced by franchisee [[Pete Harman]] in 1957. Since the early 1990s, KFC has expanded its menu to offer other chicken products such as [[Chicken burger|chicken fillet sandwich]]es and [[Wrap (sandwich)|wrap]]s, as well as salads and side dishes such as [[French fries]] and [[coleslaw]], desserts and soft drinks; the latter often supplied by PepsiCo. KFC is known for its [[slogan]]s "It's Finger Lickin' Good!", "Nobody does chicken like KFC", "We do chicken right", and "So good".
 {{TOC limit|3}}
@@ Line 58: / Line 60: @@
 === Sanders Court & Café ===
-[[Colonel Sanders|Harland Sanders]] was born in 1890 and raised on a farm outside [[Henryville, Indiana]] (near [[Louisville, Kentucky]]).<ref name="Whitworth-1970">{{cite news|last=Whitworth|first=William|title=Kentucky-Fried|url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1970/02/14/1970_02_14_040_TNY_CARDS_000295737|access-date=February 23, 2013|newspaper=[[The New Yorker]]|date=February 14, 1970|archive-date=May 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530031613/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1970/02/14/1970_02_14_040_TNY_CARDS_000295737|url-status=live}}</ref> When Sanders was five years old, his father died, forcing his mother to work at a [[canning]] plant.<ref name="Klotter2005">{{cite book|author-link=James C. Klotter|last=Klotter|first=James C.|title=The Human Tradition in the New South|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2UtXHKGj0sC&pg=PA210|access-date=June 29, 2013|year=2005|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-0-7425-4476-5|page=129|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151216/https://books.google.com/books?id=X2UtXHKGj0sC&pg=PA210|url-status=live}}</ref> This left Sanders, as the eldest son, to care for his two younger siblings.<ref name="Klotter2005" /> After he reached seven years of age, his mother taught him how to cook.<ref name="Whitworth-1970" /> After leaving the family home at the age of 13, Sanders passed through several professions with mixed success.<ref name="celebritychef3">{{cite book|last=Sanders |first=Harland |title=The Autobiography of the Original Celebrity Chef |year=2012 |publisher=KFC |location=Louisville |page=15 |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/colcookbook/us/pdf/English_FullBook.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055011/https://s3.amazonaws.com/colcookbook/us/pdf/English_FullBook.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2013 }}</ref>
+[[Harland Sanders]] was born in 1890 and raised on a farm outside [[Henryville, Indiana]] (near [[Louisville, Kentucky]]).<ref name="Whitworth-1970">{{cite news|last=Whitworth|first=William|title=Kentucky-Fried|url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1970/02/14/1970_02_14_040_TNY_CARDS_000295737|access-date=February 23, 2013|newspaper=[[The New Yorker]]|date=February 14, 1970|archive-date=May 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530031613/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1970/02/14/1970_02_14_040_TNY_CARDS_000295737|url-status=live}}</ref> When Sanders was five years old, his father died, forcing his mother to work at a [[canning]] plant.<ref name="Klotter2005">{{cite book|author-link=James C. Klotter|last=Klotter|first=James C.|title=The Human Tradition in the New South|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2UtXHKGj0sC&pg=PA210|access-date=June 29, 2013|year=2005|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-0-7425-4476-5|page=129|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151216/https://books.google.com/books?id=X2UtXHKGj0sC&pg=PA210|url-status=live}}</ref> This left Sanders, as the eldest son, to care for his two younger siblings.<ref name="Klotter2005" /> After he reached seven years of age, his mother taught him how to cook.<ref name="Whitworth-1970" /> After leaving the family home at the age of 13, Sanders passed through several professions with mixed success.<ref name="celebritychef3">{{cite book|last=Sanders |first=Harland |title=The Autobiography of the Original Celebrity Chef |year=2012 |publisher=KFC |location=Louisville |page=15 |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/colcookbook/us/pdf/English_FullBook.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055011/https://s3.amazonaws.com/colcookbook/us/pdf/English_FullBook.pdf |archive-date=September 21, 2013 }}</ref>
-In 1930, Sanders took over a [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] [[filling station]] on [[U.S. Route 25 in Kentucky|U.S. Route 25]] just outside [[North Corbin, Kentucky]], a small town on the edge of the [[Appalachian Mountains]].<ref name="Ozersky2012">{{cite book|last=Ozersky|first=Josh|title=Colonel Sanders and the American Dream|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5AEnwoJuIC|access-date=September 27, 2013|date=April 2012|publisher=[[University of Texas Press]]|isbn=978-0-292-74285-7|pages=19–24|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151203/https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5AEnwoJuIC|url-status=live}}</ref> It was here that he first served to travelers the recipes that he had learned as a child: fried chicken and other dishes such as steaks and [[country ham]].<ref name="Ozersky2012" /> After four years of serving from his own dining room table, Sanders purchased the larger filling station on the other side of the road and expanded to six tables.<ref name="Aaseng2001">{{cite book|last=Aaseng|first=Nathan|title=Business Builders in Fast Food|url=https://archive.org/details/businessbuilders00nath_0|url-access=registration|access-date=March 13, 2013|date=January 2001|publisher=Oliver Press|isbn=978-1-881508-58-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/businessbuilders00nath_0/page/116 116]}}</ref> By 1936, this had proven successful enough for Sanders to be given the honorary title of [[Kentucky Colonel]] by [[List of Governors of Kentucky|Governor]] [[Ruby Laffoon]].<ref name="Smith2011">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Andrew F.|title=Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wq3tvL_uIHcC&pg=PA612|date=December 2, 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39394-5|page=612|access-date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151151/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wq3tvL_uIHcC&pg=PA612|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1937 he expanded his restaurant to 142 seats and added a [[motel]] he purchased across the street, naming it [[Harland Sanders Café and Museum|Sanders Court & Café]].<ref name="Hollis1920">{{cite book|last=Hollis|first=Tim|title=Dixie Before Disney: 100 Years of Roadside Fun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecaVOl1wzg0C&pg=PT19|year=1999|publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]]|isbn=978-1-61703-374-2|pages=19–20|access-date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151219/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecaVOl1wzg0C&pg=PT19|url-status=live}}</ref>
+In 1930, Sanders took over a [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]] [[filling station]] on [[U.S. Route 25 in Kentucky|U.S. Route 25]] just outside [[North Corbin, Kentucky]], a small town on the edge of the [[Appalachian Mountains]].<ref name="Ozersky2012">{{cite book|last=Ozersky|first=Josh|title=Colonel Sanders and the American Dream|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5AEnwoJuIC|access-date=September 27, 2013|date=April 2012|publisher=[[University of Texas Press]]|isbn=978-0-292-74285-7|pages=19–24|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151203/https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5AEnwoJuIC|url-status=live}}</ref> It was here that he first served to travelers the recipes that he had learned as a child: fried chicken and other dishes such as steaks and [[country ham]].<ref name="Ozersky2012" /> After four years of serving from his own dining room table, Sanders purchased the larger filling station on the other side of the road and expanded to six tables.<ref name="Aaseng2001">{{cite book|last=Aaseng|first=Nathan|title=Business Builders in Fast Food|url=https://archive.org/details/businessbuilders00nath_0|url-access=registration|access-date=March 13, 2013|date=January 2001|publisher=Oliver Press|isbn=978-1-881508-58-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/businessbuilders00nath_0/page/116 116]}}</ref> By 1936, this had proven successful enough for Sanders to be given the honorary title of [[Kentucky Colonel]] by [[List of Governors of Kentucky|Governor]] [[Ruby Laffoon]].<ref name="Smith2011">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Andrew F.|title=Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wq3tvL_uIHcC&pg=PA612|date=December 2, 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39394-5|page=612|access-date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151151/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wq3tvL_uIHcC&pg=PA612|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1937 he expanded his restaurant to 142 seats and added a motel he purchased across the street, naming it [[Harland Sanders Café and Museum|Sanders Court & Café]].<ref name="Hollis1920">{{cite book|last=Hollis|first=Tim|title=Dixie Before Disney: 100 Years of Roadside Fun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecaVOl1wzg0C&pg=PT19|year=1999|publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]]|isbn=978-1-61703-374-2|pages=19–20|access-date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151219/https://books.google.com/books?id=ecaVOl1wzg0C&pg=PT19|url-status=live}}</ref>
 Sanders was unhappy with the 35 minutes it took to prepare his chicken in an iron frying pan, but he refused to [[deep fry]] the chicken, which he believed lowered the quality of the product.<ref name="Sanders-1974">{{cite book|last=Sanders|first=Harland|title=The Incredible Colonel|year=1974|publisher=Creation House|location=Illinois|pages=98–131|isbn=978-0-88419-053-0}}</ref> If he pre-cooked the chicken in advance of orders, there was sometimes wastage at day's end.<ref name="Whitworth-1970" /> In 1939, the first commercial [[pressure cooker]]s were released onto the market, mostly designed for steaming vegetables.<ref name="Binney2012">{{cite book|last=Binney|first=Ruth|title=Wise Words and Country Ways for Cooks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfQg_xASoTEC&pg=PA202|date=April 1, 2012|publisher=David & Charles|isbn=978-0-7153-3420-1|page=202}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sanders bought one and modified it into a [[pressure fryer]], which he then used to fry chicken.<ref name="history" /> The new method reduced production time to be comparable with deep frying while, in the opinion of Sanders, retaining the quality of pan-fried chicken.<ref name="Sanders-1974" />
 === "Original Recipe" and franchising ===
-[[File:Colonel Harland Sanders in character.jpg|thumb|upright|Harland Sanders in character as "the Colonel"]]In July 1940, Sanders finalised what came to be known as his "[[KFC Original Recipe|Original Recipe]]" of 11 herbs and spices.<ref name=july1940>{{cite news|last=Schreiner|first=Bruce|title=KFC still guards Colonel's secret|url=http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/072305/bus_19314459.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106024339/http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/072305/bus_19314459.shtml|archive-date=November 6, 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=September 19, 2013|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=July 23, 2005}}</ref> Although he never publicly revealed the recipe, he said the ingredients included [[salt and pepper]] and that the rest "stand on everybody's shelf".<ref name="Kleber1992">{{cite book|last=Kleber|first=John E. |title=The Kentucky Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eFSK4o--M0C&pg=PA796|access-date=March 13, 2013|date=May 18, 1992|publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]]|isbn=978-0-8131-2883-2|page=796}}</ref> After being recommissioned as a Kentucky Colonel in 1950 by Governor [[Lawrence Wetherby]], Sanders began to dress the part, growing a [[goatee]], wearing a black [[frock coat]] (later switched to a white suit) and a [[string tie]] and referring to himself as "the Colonel".<ref name="Kleber1992" /> His associates went along with the title change, "jokingly at first and then in earnest", according to biographer [[Josh Ozersky]].<ref name="Ozersky">{{cite book|last=Ozersky|first=Josh|title=Colonel Sanders and the American Dream|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5AEnwoJuIC|access-date=April 7, 2013|year=2012|publisher=[[University of Texas Press]]|isbn=978-0-292-74285-7|page=25|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151203/https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5AEnwoJuIC|url-status=live}}</ref>
+[[File:Colonel Harland Sanders in character.jpg|thumb|upright|Harland Sanders in character as "the Colonel"]]In July 1940, Sanders finalized what came to be known as his "[[Original Recipe]]" of 11 herbs and spices.<ref name=july1940>{{cite news|last=Schreiner|first=Bruce|title=KFC still guards Colonel's secret|url=http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/072305/bus_19314459.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106024339/http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/072305/bus_19314459.shtml|archive-date=November 6, 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=September 19, 2013|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=July 23, 2005}}</ref> Although he never publicly revealed the recipe, he said the ingredients included [[salt and pepper]] and that the rest "stand on everybody's shelf".<ref name="Kleber1992">{{cite book|last=Kleber|first=John E. |title=The Kentucky Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eFSK4o--M0C&pg=PA796|access-date=March 13, 2013|date=May 18, 1992|publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]]|isbn=978-0-8131-2883-2|page=796}}</ref> After being recommissioned as a Kentucky Colonel in 1950 by Governor [[Lawrence Wetherby]], Sanders began to dress the part, growing a [[goatee]], wearing a black [[frock coat]] (later switched to a white suit) and a [[string tie]] and referring to himself as "the Colonel".<ref name="Kleber1992" /> His associates went along with the title change, "jokingly at first and then in earnest", according to biographer [[Josh Ozersky]].<ref name="Ozersky">{{cite book|last=Ozersky|first=Josh|title=Colonel Sanders and the American Dream|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5AEnwoJuIC|access-date=April 7, 2013|year=2012|publisher=[[University of Texas Press]]|isbn=978-0-292-74285-7|page=25|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151203/https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5AEnwoJuIC|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In 1952, Sanders [[franchised]] his recipe to his friend [[Pete Harman]] of [[South Salt Lake, Utah]], the operator of one of the city's largest restaurants.<ref name="mashed">{{cite news|author1=Patty Henetz|author2=Jenifer K. Nii|date=April 21, 2004|title=Colonel's landmark KFC is mashed|newspaper=[[Deseret Morning News]]|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595057690/Colonels-landmark-KFC-is-mashed.html|access-date=November 13, 2013|archive-date=January 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113154352/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595057690/Colonels-landmark-KFC-is-mashed.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, so when the route planned in 1955 for [[Interstate 75]] bypassed his properties, Sanders sold them and traveled the US to franchise his recipe to restaurant owners.<ref name="JakleSculle1999">{{cite book|author1=John A. Jakle|author2=Keith A. Sculle|title=Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC|access-date=March 13, 2013|year=1999|publisher=[[JHU Press]]|isbn=978-0-8018-6920-4|page=219|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151226/https://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC|url-status=live}}</ref> Independent restaurants would pay four (later five) [[Cent (currency)|cent]]s on each chicken as a franchise fee in exchange for Sanders' recipe and the right to feature it on their menus and use his name and likeness for promotional purposes.<ref name="Liddle, Alan-1996" />
+In 1952, Sanders [[franchised]] his recipe to his friend [[Pete Harman]] of [[South Salt Lake, Utah]], the operator of one of the city's largest restaurants.<ref name="mashed">{{cite news|author1=Patty Henetz|author2=Jenifer K. Nii|date=April 21, 2004|title=Colonel's landmark KFC is mashed|newspaper=[[Deseret Morning News]]|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595057690/Colonels-landmark-KFC-is-mashed.html|access-date=November 13, 2013|archive-date=January 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113154352/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/595057690/Colonels-landmark-KFC-is-mashed.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Sanders Court & Café generally served travelers, so when the route planned in 1955 for [[Interstate 75]] bypassed his properties, Sanders sold them and traveled the US to franchise his recipe to restaurant owners.<ref name="JakleSculle1999">{{cite book|author1=John A. Jakle|author2=Keith A. Sculle|title=Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC|access-date=March 13, 2013|year=1999|publisher=[[JHU Press]]|isbn=978-0-8018-6920-4|page=219|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151226/https://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC|url-status=live}}</ref> Independent restaurants would pay four (later five) [[Cent (currency)|cent]]s on each chicken as a franchise fee in exchange for Sanders' recipe and the right to feature it on their menus and use his name and likeness for promotional purposes.<ref name="Liddle, Alan-1996" />
 Don Anderson, a sign painter hired by Harman, coined the name "Kentucky Fried Chicken".<ref name="Liddle, Alan-1990" /> For Harman, the addition of KFC was a way of differentiating his restaurant from competitors; a product from Kentucky was exotic and evoked imagery of [[Southern hospitality]].<ref name="Liddle, Alan-1990" /> Harman trademarked the phrase "It's finger lickin' good", which eventually became the company slogan.<ref name="Liddle, Alan-1996" /> He also introduced the "bucket meal" in 1957 (14 pieces of chicken, five [[bread roll]]s and a pint of [[gravy]] in a cardboard bucket).<ref name=Darden1>{{cite book|last=Darden|first=Robert|title=Secret Recipe: Why Kfc Is Still Cooking After 50 Years|date=January 1, 2004|publisher=Tapestry Press|isbn=978-1-930819-33-7|pages=12, 57–58, 101, 159, 175, 211}}</ref> Serving their signature meal in a paper bucket was to become an iconic feature of the company.<ref name=Darden1 />
-By 1963, there were 600 KFC restaurants, making the company the largest fast food operation in the [[United States]].<ref name="JakleSculle1999" /> KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the dominance of the [[hamburger]].<ref name="Smith2007">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Andrew F.|title=The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC|access-date=March 11, 2013|page=341|date=May 1, 2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-530796-2|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151232/https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC|url-status=live}}</ref>
+By 1963, there were 600 KFC restaurants, making the company the largest fast food operation in the United States.<ref name="JakleSculle1999" /> KFC popularized chicken in the fast food industry, diversifying the market by challenging the dominance of the [[hamburger]].<ref name="Smith2007">{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Andrew F.|title=The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC|access-date=March 11, 2013|page=341|date=May 1, 2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-530796-2|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151232/https://books.google.com/books?id=AoWlCmNDA3QC|url-status=live}}</ref>
-With significant growth in tow, the fledgling Kentucky Fried Chicken decided in 1964 that they would begin offering franchise opportunities beyond the Atlantic, and landed on the [[United Kingdom]] as its entry point into Europe. As such, the first British KFC eatery opened its doors at 92 Fishergate in [[Preston, Lancashire]], on May 1, 1965, and still operates today.
+With significant growth in tow, the fledgling Kentucky Fried Chicken decided in 1964 that they would begin offering franchise opportunities beyond the Atlantic, and landed on the United Kingdom as its entry point into Europe. As such, the first British KFC eatery opened its doors at 92 Fishergate in [[Preston, Lancashire]], on May 1, 1965, and still operates today.
-Pat Grace met with Sanders at his holiday home in near Toronto and agreed to franchise the brand in Ireland. In 1970 Grace returned to Ireland after a number of years in Canada to open his first Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Phibsboro shopping centre in Dublin. Eventually he opened another six restaurants located in Dublin, Limerick and Cork. After disagreements over cost cutting with KFC management in the early 1980s, the Irish restaurants were renamed to Pat Grace's Famous Fried Chicken reportedly retaining the original recipe. These stores were closed in the late 1980s. Pat Grace went on to wholesale the chicken spice blend under the brand Grace's Perfect Blend.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace's Perfect Blend History |url=https://gracesperfectblend.com/ |url-status=live |website=Grace’s Perfect Blend |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=February 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215180624/https://gracesperfectblend.com/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen And Friends Cooking – KFC secret Ingredients revealed |website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WJYOgzFydc |url-status=live |access-date=July 9, 2022 |archive-date=July 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709153523/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WJYOgzFydc }}</ref>
+Pat Grace met with Sanders at his holiday home near Toronto and agreed to franchise the brand in Ireland. In 1970 Grace returned to Ireland after a number of years in Canada to open his first Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants in Phibsboro shopping center in Dublin. Eventually he opened another six restaurants located in Dublin, Limerick and Cork. After disagreements over cost cutting with KFC management in the early 1980s, the Irish restaurants were renamed to Pat Grace's Famous Fried Chicken reportedly retaining the original recipe. These stores were closed in the late 1980s. Pat Grace went on to wholesale the chicken spice blend under the brand Grace's Perfect Blend.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace's Perfect Blend History |url=https://gracesperfectblend.com/ |url-status=live |website=Grace's Perfect Blend |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=February 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215180624/https://gracesperfectblend.com/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen And Friends Cooking – KFC secret Ingredients revealed |website=YouTube |date=January 22, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WJYOgzFydc |url-status=live |access-date=July 9, 2022 |archive-date=July 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709153523/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7WJYOgzFydc }}</ref>
 === Sale and global expansion ===
+[[File:KFC outlet in Tondano, North Sulawesi.jpg|thumb|KFC restaurant in [[Tondano]], [[North Sulawesi]]]]
 In 1964, Sanders sold KFC to a group of investors led by [[John Y. Brown Jr.]] and [[Jack C. Massey]] for US$2 million (around US$17 million in 2020).<ref name="Smith2011" /> The contract included a lifetime salary for Sanders and the agreement that he would be the company's quality controller and trademark.<ref name="Cottreli-1980" /> The chain had reached 3,000 outlets in 48 countries by 1970.<ref>{{cite book|last=Aaseng|first=Nathan|title=Business Builders in Fast Food|url=https://archive.org/details/businessbuilders00nath_0|url-access=registration|access-date=March 13, 2013|date=January 1, 2001|publisher=The Oliver Press, Inc.|isbn=978-1-881508-58-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/businessbuilders00nath_0/page/125 125]}}</ref> In July 1971, Brown sold the company to the [[Connecticut]]-based [[Heublein]], a packaged food and drinks corporation, for US$285 million (around US$1.8 billion in 2020).<ref name="Barmash-1971" /> Sanders died in 1980, his promotional work making him a prominent figure in American cultural history.<ref name="Smith2007" /> By the time of his death, there were an estimated 6,000 KFC outlets in 48 countries worldwide, with $2 billion worth of sales annually.<ref name="washpostobit">{{cite news|last=Smith|first=J. Y.|title=Col. Sanders, the Fried-Chicken Gentleman, Dies|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 17, 1980}}</ref>
-In 1982, Heublein was acquired by [[R. J. Reynolds]], the tobacco giant.<ref name="Darden1" /> In July 1986, Reynolds announced the sale of KFC to [[PepsiCo]] for $850 million (around US$2.0 billion in 2020).<ref name="Stevenson-1986" /> The actual sale took place in early October for $840 million.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Reuters|date=September 13, 1986|title=COMPANY NEWS; Bid by Pepsico|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/13/business/company-news-bid-by-pepsico.html|access-date=March 18, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105103757/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/13/business/company-news-bid-by-pepsico.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=Reuters|date=October 2, 1986|title=COMPANY NEWS; Kentucky Chicken|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/02/business/company-news-kentucky-chicken.html|access-date=March 18, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=August 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808035318/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/02/business/company-news-kentucky-chicken.html|url-status=live}}</ref> PepsiCo made the chain a part of its restaurants division alongside [[Pizza Hut]] and [[Taco Bell]].<ref name="Brooks, Nancy Rivera-1986" /> KFC entered the Chinese market in November 1987, with an outlet in [[Beijing]].<ref name="Darden1" />
+In 1982, Heublein was acquired by [[R. J. Reynolds]], the tobacco giant.<ref name="Darden1" /> In July 1986, Reynolds announced the sale of KFC to [[PepsiCo]] for $850 million (around US$2.0 billion in 2020).<ref name="Stevenson-1986" /> The actual sale took place in early October for $840 million.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Reuters|date=September 13, 1986|title=COMPANY NEWS; Bid by Pepsico|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/13/business/company-news-bid-by-pepsico.html|access-date=March 18, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105103757/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/13/business/company-news-bid-by-pepsico.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=Reuters|date=October 2, 1986|title=COMPANY NEWS; Kentucky Chicken|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/02/business/company-news-kentucky-chicken.html|access-date=March 18, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=August 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808035318/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/02/business/company-news-kentucky-chicken.html|url-status=live}}</ref> PepsiCo made the chain a part of its restaurants division alongside [[Pizza Hut]] and [[Taco Bell]].<ref name="Brooks, Nancy Rivera-1986" /> KFC entered the Chinese market in November 1987, with an outlet in Beijing.<ref name="Darden1" />
 In 1991, the KFC name was officially adopted, although it had already been widely known by that [[initialism]].<ref name="Seth Stevenson-2004" /> Kyle Craig, president of KFC U.S., admitted the change was an attempt to distance the chain from the unhealthy connotations of "fried".<ref>{{cite news|title=And Now, Finger Lickin' Good For Ya?|url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/1991-02-17/and-now-finger-lickin-good-for-ya|access-date=February 5, 2013|newspaper=[[Businessweek]]|date=February 17, 1991|archive-date=March 21, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321040500/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/1991-02-17/and-now-finger-lickin-good-for-ya|url-status=dead}}</ref> The early 1990s saw a number of successful major product launches, including spicy "Hot Wings" (launched in 1990), popcorn chicken (1992) and, internationally, the "Zinger", a spicy chicken fillet sandwich (1993).<ref name="newitems">{{cite news |title=A feast of bargains |newspaper=[[Sunday Herald Sun]] |date=May 31, 1992}}</ref> By 1994 KFC had 5,149 outlets in the US and 9,407 overall, with over 100,000 employees.<ref>{{cite book|author1=John A. Jakle|author2=Keith A. Sculle|title=Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC|access-date=March 11, 2013|year=1999|publisher=[[JHU Press]]|isbn=978-0-8018-6920-4|page=221|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151226/https://books.google.com/books?id=0nYcgnWKWXgC|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 1997, PepsiCo spun off its restaurants division as a public company valued at US$4.5 billion (around US$7.3 billion in 2020).<ref name="Chicago Tribune-1997" /> The new company was named Tricon Global Restaurants and, at the time, had 30,000 outlets and annual sales of US$10 billion (around US$16 billion in 2020), making it second in the world only to McDonald's.<ref name="New York Times-1997" /> Tricon was renamed [[Yum! Brands]] in May 2002.<ref name="tricontoyum">{{cite news|title=Tricon Global Restaurants Shareholders Approve Company Name Change to Yum! Brands, Inc.|url=http://www.qsrmagazine.com/news/tricon-global-restaurants-shareholders-approve-company-name-change-yum-brands-inc|access-date=November 20, 2013|newspaper=QSR Magazine|date=May 16, 2002|archive-date=May 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521220225/http://www.qsrmagazine.com/news/tricon-global-restaurants-shareholders-approve-company-name-change-yum-brands-inc|url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 102: / Line 105: @@
 KFC's core product offering is [[Pressure frying|pressure fried]] on-the-bone chicken pieces seasoned with Colonel Harland Sanders' "Original Recipe" of 11 herbs and spices.<ref>{{cite book | last=Tian | first=X. | title=Managing International Business in China | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-316-67764-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7ySDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA218 | access-date=November 7, 2017 | page=218}}</ref> The product is typically available in either two- or three-piece individual servings or in a family size cardboard bucket typically holding between six and 16 chicken pieces. In territories that follow the system handed down by Colonel Sanders, such as Canada and the UK, each chicken is divided into nine different [[Drumstick (poultry)|cuts]] (two drumsticks, two thighs, two wings, two breast pieces and one [[Keel (bird anatomy)|keel]]);<ref>{{cite web|title=Nutrition Guide|url=http://kfc.ca/en/assets/pdf/KFC11834_NutritionalChart_Eng.pdf|publisher=KFC Canada|access-date=February 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021211812/http://kfc.ca/en/assets/pdf/KFC11834_NutritionalChart_Eng.pdf|archive-date=October 21, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgC4jrhgbR8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/UgC4jrhgbR8| archive-date=December 11, 2021 |url-status=live|title=Which pieces of chicken go into your KFC bucket?|last=KFC UK and Ireland|date=August 21, 2017|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> however, the United States now uses an eight-piece cut.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nutrition Calculator|url=https://www.kfc.com/nutrition|publisher=KFC|access-date=March 28, 2018|archive-date=March 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231308/https://www.kfc.com/nutrition|url-status=live}}</ref>
-The chicken is hand-breaded at individual KFC outlets with [[wheat flour]] mixed with seasoning in a two- to four-minute process.<ref name=Balakrishnan132>{{cite book|last=Stephens Balakrishnan|first=Melodena|title=East Meets West: the World is Round and Time is Cyclic|year=2013|publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-78190-413-8|pages=126–132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CLmuucAqogC&pg=PA126|access-date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151229/https://books.google.com/books?id=8CLmuucAqogC&pg=PA126|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ceomag>{{cite news|title=Serving Up Quality |url=http://www.theceomagazine.com.au/profiles/KFC/Tony-Lowings-KFC.pdf |access-date=September 26, 2013 |newspaper=CEO Magazine |date=July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204937/http://www.theceomagazine.com.au/profiles/KFC/Tony-Lowings-KFC.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2013 }}</ref> It is then pressure fried for between seven and 10 minutes (the timing differs between countries) in oil at 185 degrees [[Celsius]].<ref name=Balakrishnan132 /><ref name=cooktemp>{{cite web|title=Secret of Kentucky Fried Chicken taste|url=http://www.kfc.co.jp/brand/from_kfc/index07.html|work=KFC Japan|publisher=Yum!|access-date=November 13, 2013|archive-date=July 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720003620/http://www.kfc.co.jp/brand/from_kfc/index07.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=howitsmade>{{cite news|last1=Chan|first1=Casey|title=This is How KFC Actually Makes its Fried Chicken From Beginning to End|url=http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2014/10/this-is-how-kfc-actually-makes-its-fried-chicken-from-beginning-to-end/|access-date=November 25, 2014|work=Gizmondo|date=October 28, 2014|archive-date=November 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020620/http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2014/10/this-is-how-kfc-actually-makes-its-fried-chicken-from-beginning-to-end/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, the chicken is left to stand for 5 minutes in order for it to sufficiently cool before it is placed in the warming oven.<ref name=Balakrishnan132 /> It is KFC policy to discard chicken if it has not been sold within 90 minutes in order to ensure freshness.<ref name=Balakrishnan132 /> The frying oil varies regionally and versions used include [[Sunflower oil|sunflower]], [[Soybean oil|soybean]], [[rapeseed]] and [[palm oil]].<ref name=steyn>{{cite news|last=Steyn|first=Lisa|title=KFC's secret recipe for growth|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-06-21-00-kfcs-secret-recipe-for-growth|access-date=September 26, 2013|newspaper=[[Mail & Guardian]]|date=June 21, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055122/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-06-21-00-kfcs-secret-recipe-for-growth|url-status=live}}</ref> A KFC executive stated that the taste of the chicken will vary between regions depending on the oil variety used and whether the chicken has been corn-fed or wheat-fed.<ref name=steyn />
+The chicken is hand-breaded at individual KFC outlets with [[wheat flour]] mixed with seasoning in a two- to four-minute process.<ref name=Balakrishnan132>{{cite book|last=Stephens Balakrishnan|first=Melodena|title=East Meets West: the World is Round and Time is Cyclic|year=2013|publisher=[[Emerald Group Publishing]]|isbn=978-1-78190-413-8|pages=126–132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CLmuucAqogC&pg=PA126|access-date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151229/https://books.google.com/books?id=8CLmuucAqogC&pg=PA126|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ceomag>{{cite news|title=Serving Up Quality |url=http://www.theceomagazine.com.au/profiles/KFC/Tony-Lowings-KFC.pdf |access-date=September 26, 2013 |newspaper=CEO Magazine |date=July 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204937/http://www.theceomagazine.com.au/profiles/KFC/Tony-Lowings-KFC.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2013 }}</ref> It is then pressure fried for between seven and 10 minutes (the timing differs between countries) in oil at 185 degrees Celsius.<ref name=Balakrishnan132 /><ref name=cooktemp>{{cite web|title=Secret of Kentucky Fried Chicken taste|url=http://www.kfc.co.jp/brand/from_kfc/index07.html|work=KFC Japan|publisher=Yum!|access-date=November 13, 2013|archive-date=July 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720003620/http://www.kfc.co.jp/brand/from_kfc/index07.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=howitsmade>{{cite news|last1=Chan|first1=Casey|title=This is How KFC Actually Makes its Fried Chicken From Beginning to End|url=http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2014/10/this-is-how-kfc-actually-makes-its-fried-chicken-from-beginning-to-end/|access-date=November 25, 2014|work=Gizmondo|date=October 28, 2014|archive-date=November 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020620/http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2014/10/this-is-how-kfc-actually-makes-its-fried-chicken-from-beginning-to-end/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, the chicken is left to stand for 5 minutes in order for it to sufficiently cool before it is placed in the warming oven.<ref name=Balakrishnan132 /> It is KFC policy to discard chicken if it has not been sold within 90 minutes in order to ensure freshness.<ref name=Balakrishnan132 /> The frying oil varies regionally and versions used include [[Sunflower oil|sunflower]], [[Soybean oil|soybean]], [[rapeseed]] and [[palm oil]].<ref name=steyn>{{cite news|last=Steyn|first=Lisa|title=KFC's secret recipe for growth|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-06-21-00-kfcs-secret-recipe-for-growth|access-date=September 26, 2013|newspaper=[[Mail & Guardian]]|date=June 21, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055122/http://mg.co.za/article/2013-06-21-00-kfcs-secret-recipe-for-growth|url-status=live}}</ref> A KFC executive stated that the taste of the chicken will vary between regions depending on the oil variety used and whether the chicken has been corn-fed or wheat-fed.<ref name=steyn />
 [[File:KFC Zinger.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Zinger served with crispy [[fries]] and [[Sweet chili sauce|Thai chili sauce]] in Malaysia]]
-As well as its core chicken on the bone offering, KFC's major products include chicken burgers (including the Zinger and the Tower); [[Wrap (food)|wrap]]s ("Twisters" and "Boxmasters"); and a variety of [[finger food]]s, including crispy chicken strips and [[Buffalo wing|hot wings]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Burgers |url=http://www.kfc.co.uk/our-food/burgers |publisher=KFC UK |access-date=February 23, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117151539/http://www.kfc.co.uk/our-food/burgers |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Food|url=http://www.kfc.com/food/chicken/|publisher=KFC US|access-date=February 23, 2013|archive-date=February 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226072359/http://www.kfc.com/food/chicken/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Popcorn chicken]], which consists of bite-sized pieces of fried chicken, is one of the most widely available KFC products.<ref>{{cite news|last=Horovitz|first=Bruce|title=What's next: Fast-food giants hunt for new products to tempt consumers|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=July 3, 2002}}</ref> In some locations, such as in Australia, Belarus, Malaysia and South Africa, [[chicken nugget]]s are also sold.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chicken|url=http://www.kfc.com.au/menu/|publisher=KFC Australia|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=December 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230115645/http://www.kfc.com.au/menu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+As well as its core chicken on the bone offering, KFC's major products include chicken burgers (including the Zinger and the Tower); [[Wrap (food)|wrap]]s ("Twisters" and "Boxmasters"); and a variety of [[finger food]]s, including crispy chicken strips and [[hot wings]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Burgers |url=http://www.kfc.co.uk/our-food/burgers |publisher=KFC UK |access-date=February 23, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117151539/http://www.kfc.co.uk/our-food/burgers |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Food|url=http://www.kfc.com/food/chicken/|publisher=KFC US|access-date=February 23, 2013|archive-date=February 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226072359/http://www.kfc.com/food/chicken/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Popcorn chicken]], which consists of bite-sized pieces of fried chicken, is one of the most widely available KFC products.<ref>{{cite news|last=Horovitz|first=Bruce|title=What's next: Fast-food giants hunt for new products to tempt consumers|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=July 3, 2002}}</ref> In some locations, such as in Australia, Belarus, Malaysia and South Africa, [[chicken nugget]]s are also sold.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chicken|url=http://www.kfc.com.au/menu/|publisher=KFC Australia|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=December 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230115645/http://www.kfc.com.au/menu/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 [[McCormick & Company]] is KFC's largest supplier of sauces, seasonings and marinades and is a long-term partner in new product development.<ref name=ceomag />
@@ Line 123: / Line 126: @@
 {{Main|KFC Original Recipe}}
 [[File:KFC - Pressure-fried Chicken - Howrah 2014-03-23 9718.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Original Recipe chicken sold in the iconic bucket]]
-Sanders' Original Recipe of "11 herbs and spices" is one of the best known [[trade secret]]s in the catering industry.<ref name="Chartrand">{{cite news|last=Chartrand|first=Sandra|title=Patents; Many companies will forgo patents in an effort to safeguard their trade secrets|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/business/patents-many-companies-will-forgo-patents-effort-safeguard-their-trade-secrets.html?n=Top%2fNews%2fTechnology%2fColumns%2fPatents|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 5, 2001|access-date=September 27, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929091111/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/business/patents-many-companies-will-forgo-patents-effort-safeguard-their-trade-secrets.html?n=Top%2fNews%2fTechnology%2fColumns%2fPatents|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Hovey | first=C. | title=The Patent Process: A Guide to Intellectual Property for the Information Age | publisher=Wiley | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-471-44217-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aulUAAAAMAAJ | access-date=November 7, 2017 | page=243}}</ref> The recipe is not [[patent]]ed, because patent law requires public disclosure of an invention and provides protection only for a strictly limited term, whereas trade secrets can remain the [[intellectual property]] of their holders in perpetuity.<ref>{{cite news|title=It pays to understand law on trade secrets|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2001/02/26/editorial2.html?page=all|access-date=February 22, 2013|newspaper=[[Louisville Business First|Business First]]|date=February 26, 2001|archive-date=October 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001203813/http://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2001/02/26/editorial2.html?page=all|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Sanders' Original Recipe of "11 herbs and spices" is one of the best known [[trade secret]]s in the catering industry.<ref name="Chartrand">{{cite news|last=Chartrand|first=Sandra|title=Patents; Many companies will forgo patents in an effort to safeguard their trade secrets|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/business/patents-many-companies-will-forgo-patents-effort-safeguard-their-trade-secrets.html?n=Top%2fNews%2fTechnology%2fColumns%2fPatents|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 5, 2001|access-date=September 27, 2013|archive-date=September 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929091111/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/business/patents-many-companies-will-forgo-patents-effort-safeguard-their-trade-secrets.html?n=Top%2fNews%2fTechnology%2fColumns%2fPatents|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Hovey | first=C. | title=The Patent Process: A Guide to Intellectual Property for the Information Age | publisher=Wiley | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-471-44217-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aulUAAAAMAAJ | access-date=November 7, 2017 | page=243}}</ref> The recipe is not patented, because patent law requires public disclosure of an invention and provides protection only for a strictly limited term, whereas trade secrets can remain the intellectual property of their holders in perpetuity.<ref>{{cite news|title=It pays to understand law on trade secrets|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2001/02/26/editorial2.html?page=all|access-date=February 22, 2013|newspaper=[[Louisville Business First|Business First]]|date=February 26, 2001|archive-date=October 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001203813/http://www.bizjournals.com/louisville/stories/2001/02/26/editorial2.html?page=all|url-status=live}}</ref>
-A copy of the recipe, signed by Sanders, is held inside a safe inside a vault in KFC's Louisville headquarters, along with 11 vials containing the herbs and spices.<ref name="Brady, Diane-2012" /><ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |title=Colonel's Secret Recipe Gets Bodyguards |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/26618866/Colonel039s_Secret_Recipe_Gets_Bodyguards |access-date=January 31, 2013 |newspaper=[[CNBC]] |date=September 9, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923032226/https://www.cnbc.com/id/26618866/Colonel039s_Secret_Recipe_Gets_Bodyguards |archive-date=September 23, 2013 }}</ref> To maintain the secrecy of the recipe, half of it is produced by Griffith Laboratories before it is given to [[McCormick & Company|McCormick]], who add the second half.<ref name=crossan>{{cite news|last=Crossan|first=Rob|title=The A to Z of fried chicken|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=April 26, 2012}}</ref>
+A copy of the recipe, signed by Sanders, is held inside a safe inside a vault in KFC's Louisville headquarters, along with 11 vials containing the herbs and spices.<ref name="Brady, Diane-2012" /><ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |title=Colonel's Secret Recipe Gets Bodyguards |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2008/09/09/colonels-secret-recipe-gets-bodyguards.html |access-date=January 31, 2013 |newspaper=[[CNBC]] |date=September 9, 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923032226/https://www.cnbc.com/id/26618866/Colonel039s_Secret_Recipe_Gets_Bodyguards |archive-date=September 23, 2013 }}</ref> To maintain the secrecy of the recipe, half of it is produced by Griffith Laboratories before it is given to [[McCormick & Company|McCormick]], who add the second half.<ref name=crossan>{{cite news|last=Crossan|first=Rob|title=The A to Z of fried chicken|newspaper=[[The Times]]|date=April 26, 2012}}</ref>
 In 1999, a couple who bought the house formerly occupied by Colonel Sanders found scribbled notes purported to be the secret recipe. Initially, KFC wanted to file a lawsuit against the couple to stop an auction of the notes but, by early 2001, it dropped the lawsuit, claiming the scribbled notes are "nowhere close" to the original recipe.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sabra Chartrand|title=Patents; Many companies will forgo patents in an effort to safeguard their trade secrets.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/business/patents-many-companies-will-forgo-patents-effort-safeguard-their-trade-secrets.html|access-date=March 12, 2016|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 5, 2001|archive-date=March 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312001143/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/05/business/patents-many-companies-will-forgo-patents-effort-safeguard-their-trade-secrets.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Joe Ledington of Kentucky, a nephew by marriage of Colonel Sanders, claimed to have found a copy of the original KFC fried chicken recipe on a handwritten piece of paper in an envelope in a scrapbook. In August 2016, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' staffers conducted a cooking test of this recipe and claimed after a few attempts that, with the addition of the [[Monosodium glutamate|MSG]] flavor-enhancer [[Ac'cent]], they produced fried chicken which tasted "indistinguishable" from the chicken they purchased at KFC.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dodrill|first1=Tara|title=KFC Secret Recipe Found? Colonel Sanders' Nephew Shares 11 Herbs And Spices Found In Family Scrapbook|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/3436361/kfc-secret-recipe-found-colonel-sanders-nephew-shares-11-herbs-and-spices-found-in-family-scrapbook|date=August 20, 2016|work=[[Inquisitr]]|access-date=August 21, 2016|archive-date=August 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822063251/http://www.inquisitr.com/3436361/kfc-secret-recipe-found-colonel-sanders-nephew-shares-11-herbs-and-spices-found-in-family-scrapbook/|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Joe Ledington of Kentucky, a nephew by marriage of Colonel Sanders, claimed to have found a copy of the original KFC fried chicken recipe on a handwritten piece of paper in an envelope in a scrapbook. In August 2016, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' staffers conducted a cooking test of this recipe and claimed after a few attempts that, with the addition of the [[MSG]] flavor-enhancer [[Ac'cent]], they produced fried chicken which tasted "indistinguishable" from the chicken they purchased at KFC.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dodrill|first1=Tara|title=KFC Secret Recipe Found? Colonel Sanders' Nephew Shares 11 Herbs And Spices Found In Family Scrapbook|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/3436361/kfc-secret-recipe-found-colonel-sanders-nephew-shares-11-herbs-and-spices-found-in-family-scrapbook|date=August 20, 2016|work=[[Inquisitr]]|access-date=August 21, 2016|archive-date=August 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822063251/http://www.inquisitr.com/3436361/kfc-secret-recipe-found-colonel-sanders-nephew-shares-11-herbs-and-spices-found-in-family-scrapbook/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 {{Clear}}
@@ Line 137: / Line 140: @@
 [[Value menu]] items are sold under the "Streetwise" name in locations such as Canada, Nigeria, South Africa and Mauritius.<ref name=streetwise>{{cite news|last=Mattos|first=Melinda|title=Hungry for change|url=http://strategyonline.ca/2010/08/01/who-20100801/|access-date=November 13, 2013|newspaper=Campaign|date=August 1, 2010|archive-date=November 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113231345/http://strategyonline.ca/2010/08/01/who-20100801/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Side dish]]es often include [[French fries]], [[coleslaw]], [[barbecue]] [[baked beans]], [[corn on the cob]], [[mashed potato]], [[bread roll]]s and American [[Biscuit (bread)|biscuit]]s.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Remland | first1=M.S. | last2=Jones | first2=T.S. | last3=Foeman | first3=A. | last4=Arévalo | first4=D.R. | title=Intercultural Communication: A Peacebuilding Perspective | publisher=Waveland Press | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-4786-2690-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOlQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA275 | access-date=November 7, 2017 | page=275}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sides|url=http://www.kfc.com/food/sides/|publisher=KFC US|access-date=February 23, 2013|archive-date=February 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226062718/http://www.kfc.com/food/sides/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Salads include the [[bean salad]], the [[Caesar salad]] and the [[garden salad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kfc.co.nz/menu/extras/bean-salad/|title=Bean Salad|work=kfc.co.nz|access-date=September 9, 2015|archive-date=August 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831021645/http://www.kfc.co.nz/menu/extras/bean-salad/|url-status=live}}</ref> In a number of territories, KFC sells [[onion ring]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Signature Sides |url=http://www.kfc-arabia.com/signeture_sides.html |publisher=KFC Arabia |access-date=February 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003031242/http://kfc-arabia.com/signeture_sides.html |archive-date=October 3, 2012 }}</ref> In most of Asia, several Sub-Saharan Africa and Pacific markets, rice based side dishes are often sold.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kaiman|first=Jonathan|title=China's fast-food pioneer struggles to keep customers saying 'YUM!'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/04/china-fast-food-pioneer|access-date=January 4, 2012|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=January 4, 2012|archive-date=October 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003224319/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/04/china-fast-food-pioneer|url-status=live}}</ref> In Greece and Bulgaria, [[potato wedges]] are sold instead of French fries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seasoned Potato Wedges|url=http://www.kfc.com/food/sides/wedges.asp|publisher=KFC US|access-date=February 2, 2013|archive-date=January 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125032721/http://www.kfc.com/food/sides/wedges.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-In a number of Eastern European locations and Portugal, [[beer]] is offered in addition to soft drinks.<ref name=russiabeer>{{cite web|title=Drinks|url=http://www.kfc.ru/menu/181|work=KFC Russia|publisher=Yum! Brands|access-date=March 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329010648/http://www.kfc.ru/menu/181|archive-date=March 29, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Drinks|url=http://www.kfc-ukraine.com/category/7|publisher=KFC Ukraine|language=uk|access-date=February 12, 2013|archive-date=January 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201815/http://www.kfc-ukraine.com/category/7|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=port>{{cite web|title=Drinks|url=http://www.kfc.pt/acompanhamentos-bebidas|publisher=KFC Portugal|language=pt|access-date=September 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145132/http://www.kfc.pt/acompanhamentos-bebidas|archive-date=July 14, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2023 KFC branches in UK and Ireland introduced new 'signature fries' (fries coated in herbs and spice) in an attempt to improve the taste of the fries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/kfc-unveils-exciting-revamp-to-its-iconic-fries-recipe-introduces-signature-fries/articleshow/104290390.cms?from=mdr|title=KFC unveils exciting revamp to its iconic fries recipe, introduces 'Signature Fries'|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=October 9, 2023}}</ref>
+In a number of Eastern European locations and Portugal, beer is offered in addition to soft drinks.<ref name=russiabeer>{{cite web|title=Drinks|url=http://www.kfc.ru/menu/181|work=KFC Russia|publisher=Yum! Brands|access-date=March 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329010648/http://www.kfc.ru/menu/181|archive-date=March 29, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Drinks|url=http://www.kfc-ukraine.com/category/7|publisher=KFC Ukraine|language=uk|access-date=February 12, 2013|archive-date=January 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201815/http://www.kfc-ukraine.com/category/7|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=port>{{cite web|title=Drinks|url=http://www.kfc.pt/acompanhamentos-bebidas|publisher=KFC Portugal|language=pt|access-date=September 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145132/http://www.kfc.pt/acompanhamentos-bebidas|archive-date=July 14, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2023 KFC branches in UK and Ireland introduced new 'signature fries' (fries coated in herbs and spice) in an attempt to improve the taste of the fries.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/kfc-unveils-exciting-revamp-to-its-iconic-fries-recipe-introduces-signature-fries/articleshow/104290390.cms?from=mdr|title=KFC unveils exciting revamp to its iconic fries recipe, introduces 'Signature Fries'|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=October 9, 2023|access-date=March 5, 2024|archive-date=May 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510073444/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/kfc-unveils-exciting-revamp-to-its-iconic-fries-recipe-introduces-signature-fries/articleshow/104290390.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>
 <gallery mode="packed" heights="110px">
 File:KFC Hot Wings Fries.jpg|Hot wings and fries served in paper buckets
@@ Line 157: / Line 160: @@
 ==Advertising==
 {{Main|KFC advertising}}
-[[File:MG 9177 (2444410374).jpg|thumb|A KFC sign in front of a restaurant in [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
+[[File:MG 9177 (2444410374).jpg|thumb|A KFC sign in front of a restaurant in Washington, D.C.]]
-Colonel Sanders was a key component of KFC advertising until his death in 1980. Despite his death, Sanders remains a key icon of the company as an "international symbol of hospitality".<ref name=harvardbiz>{{cite book|last=President and Fellows of Harvard College|title=PepsioCo's Restaurants|year=1994|publisher=[[Harvard Business School]]|location=Boston|page=9}}</ref> Early official slogans for the company included "North America's Hospitality Dish" (from 1956) and "We fix Sunday dinner seven nights a week".<ref>{{cite web|title=North America's Hospitality Dish|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/north-americas-hospitality-dish-72209166.html|work=Trademarkia|publisher=KFC Corporation|access-date=March 13, 2013|archive-date=November 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106224504/https://www.trademarkia.com/north-americas-hospitality-dish-72209166.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dukes|first=Terry|title=KFC: The Animated Colonel Campaign|newspaper=[[Institute of Practitioners in Advertising]]|year=2000|publisher=WARC [World Advertising Center]|url=http://www.warc.com/Content/Documents/A35068_KFC_The_Animated_Colonel_Campaign.content?CID=A35068&ID=a93e70b1-4bea-4cbf-a2d8-436868cc296d&q=AID%3a35068&qr=|access-date=September 26, 2013|archive-date=January 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110204737/https://www.warc.com/content/paywall/article/A35068_KFC_The_Animated_Colonel_Campaign/35068|url-status=live}}</ref> The "finger lickin' good" slogan was used from 1956 and went on to become one of the best-known slogans of the 20th century.<ref name="Momen Putrym, Goldie-2010" /> The trademark expired in the US in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=John|title=Profile: Jennelle Tilling, vice-president of marketing, UK and Ireland at KFC|url=http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1063711/profile-jennelle-tilling-vice-president-marketing-uk-ireland-kfc|access-date=January 28, 2013|newspaper=[[PR Week]]|date=April 6, 2011|archive-date=March 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326021006/http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1063711/profile-jennelle-tilling-vice-president-marketing-uk-ireland-kfc|url-status=live}}</ref> The first KFC logo was introduced in 1952 and featured a "Kentucky Fried Chicken" typeface and a logo of the Colonel.<ref name=logohist>{{cite web|last=Rogers|first=Ian|title=The Mystery of the Colonel|date=June 9, 2012 |url=http://www.greynotgrey.com/blog/2012/06/09/the-mystery-of-the-colonel/|publisher=Grey Not Grey|access-date=April 3, 2014|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124182456/http://greynotgrey.com/blog/2012/06/09/the-mystery-of-the-colonel/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1962, [[Dave Thomas (businessman)|Dave Thomas]] took Colonel Sanders' bucket and turned it into a sign<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/31072/wendys-founder-dave-thomas-worked-colonel-sanders |last=Patrick |first=Colin |date=July 1, 2012 |title=Wendy's Founder Dave Thomas Worked for Colonel Sanders |work=[[Mental Floss]] |access-date=March 20, 2020 |archive-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216034016/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/31072/wendys-founder-dave-thomas-worked-colonel-sanders |url-status=live }}</ref> that revolved in a circular motion in front of almost every American KFC outlet.<ref>Carpenter, B. (2004). Dave Thomas. In W. L. O'Neill & K. T. Jackson (Eds.), ''The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives'' (2004 ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons.</ref>
+Colonel Sanders was a key component of KFC advertising until his death in 1980. Despite his death, Sanders remains a key icon of the company as an "international symbol of hospitality".<ref name=harvardbiz>{{cite book|last=President and Fellows of Harvard College|title=PepsioCo's Restaurants|year=1994|publisher=[[Harvard Business School]]|location=Boston|page=9}}</ref> Early official slogans for the company included "North America's Hospitality Dish" (from 1956) and "We fix Sunday dinner seven nights a week".<ref>{{cite web|title=North America's Hospitality Dish|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/north-americas-hospitality-dish-72209166.html|work=Trademarkia|publisher=KFC Corporation|access-date=March 13, 2013|archive-date=November 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106224504/https://www.trademarkia.com/north-americas-hospitality-dish-72209166.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dukes|first=Terry|title=KFC: The Animated Colonel Campaign|newspaper=[[Institute of Practitioners in Advertising]]|year=2000|publisher=WARC [World Advertising Center]|url=http://www.warc.com/Content/Documents/A35068_KFC_The_Animated_Colonel_Campaign.content?CID=A35068&ID=a93e70b1-4bea-4cbf-a2d8-436868cc296d&q=AID%3a35068&qr=|access-date=September 26, 2013|archive-date=January 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110204737/https://www.warc.com/content/paywall/article/A35068_KFC_The_Animated_Colonel_Campaign/35068|url-status=live}}</ref> The "finger lickin' good" slogan was used from 1956 and went on to become one of the best-known slogans of the 20th century.<ref name="Momen Putrym, Goldie-2010" /> The trademark expired in the US in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=John|title=Profile: Jennelle Tilling, vice-president of marketing, UK and Ireland at KFC|url=http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1063711/profile-jennelle-tilling-vice-president-marketing-uk-ireland-kfc|access-date=January 28, 2013|newspaper=[[PR Week]]|date=April 6, 2011|archive-date=March 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326021006/http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1063711/profile-jennelle-tilling-vice-president-marketing-uk-ireland-kfc|url-status=live}}</ref> The first KFC logo was introduced in 1952 and featured a "Kentucky Fried Chicken" typeface and a logo of the Colonel.<ref name=logohist>{{cite web|last=Rogers|first=Ian|title=The Mystery of the Colonel|date=June 9, 2012 |url=http://www.greynotgrey.com/blog/2012/06/09/the-mystery-of-the-colonel/|publisher=Grey Not Grey|access-date=April 3, 2014|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124182456/http://greynotgrey.com/blog/2012/06/09/the-mystery-of-the-colonel/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1962, [[Dave Thomas (businessman)|Dave Thomas]] took Colonel Sanders' bucket and turned it into a sign<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/31072/wendys-founder-dave-thomas-worked-colonel-sanders |last=Patrick |first=Colin |date=July 1, 2012 |title=Wendy's Founder Dave Thomas Worked for Colonel Sanders |work=[[Mental Floss]] |access-date=March 20, 2020 |archive-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216034016/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/31072/wendys-founder-dave-thomas-worked-colonel-sanders |url-status=live }}</ref> that revolved in a circular motion in front of almost every American KFC outlet.<ref>Carpenter, B. (2004). Dave Thomas. In W. L. O'Neill & K. T. Jackson (Eds.), ''The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives'' (2004 ed.). Charles Scribner's Sons.</ref>
 Advertising played a key role at KFC after it was sold by Sanders and the company began to advertise on US television with a budget of US$4 million in 1966.<ref name=rood>{{cite news|last=Rood|first=George|title=Accidental Competitor in Chicken Game Is Winner|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 5, 1969}}</ref> In order to fund nationwide advertising campaigns, the Kentucky Fried Chicken Advertising Co-Op was established, giving franchisees 10 votes and the company three when deciding on budgets and campaigns. In 1969, KFC hired its first national advertising agency, [[Leo Burnett]].<ref name=Darden1 /> A notable Burnett campaign in 1972 was the "Get a bucket of chicken, have a barrel of fun" [[jingle]], performed by [[Barry Manilow]].<ref name=Darden1 /> By 1976, KFC was one of the largest advertisers in the US.<ref name="Georgescu2005">{{cite book|last=Georgescu|first=Peter|title=The Source of Success: Five Enduring Principles at the Heart of Real Leadership|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2rJlkLq-twC&pg=PA75|access-date=September 27, 2013|date=July 2005|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn=978-0-7879-8133-4|page=75|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151151/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2rJlkLq-twC&pg=PA75|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In December 2020, KFC revealed the [[KFConsole]], a new gaming console with a "Chicken Chamber" to keep food warm.<ref>{{cite news|author=Jack Guy|title=KFC launches game console that keeps your chicken warm|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/23/tech/kfc-games-console-chicken-scli-intl/index.html|access-date=December 26, 2020|website=CNN|archive-date=January 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107221159/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/23/tech/kfc-games-console-chicken-scli-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Controversies and criticism==
 {{See also|People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals#Campaigns and consumer boycotts}}
 [[File:Boycott KFC.jpg|thumb|Protesters demonstrating outside a KFC restaurant in [[Royal Oak, Michigan]] (2007)]]
-Since the beginning of the 21st century, fast food has been criticized for its [[animal welfare]] record, its links to [[obesity]] and its environmental impact.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barnett|first=Michael|title=Colonel Sanders' new modern army of outlets|url=http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/colonel-sanders-new-modern-army-of-outlets/3021690.article|access-date=February 11, 2013|newspaper=[[Marketing Week]]|date=December 16, 2010|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185241/http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/colonel-sanders-new-modern-army-of-outlets/3021690.article|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Eric Schlosser]]'s book ''[[Fast Food Nation]]'' (2002) and [[Morgan Spurlock]]'s film ''[[Super Size Me]]'' (2004) reflected these concerns.<ref name="Liddle, Alan-1990" /> Since 2003, [[PETA|People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA) has protested KFC's choice of poultry suppliers worldwide.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yaziji, Michael |author2=Doh, Jonathan |title=NGOs and Corporations: Conflict and Collaboration |series=Business, Value Creation, and Society |chapter=Case illustration: PETA and KFC |pages=112–114 |year=2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-86684-2}}</ref> The exception is KFC Canada, which signed an agreement pledging to only use "animal-friendly" suppliers.<ref name="WilliamsChampion2011">{{cite book|author1=Chuck Williams|author2=Terry Champion|author3=Ike Hall|title=MGMT|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GkHKO0T4P8C&pg=PA78|year=2011|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-0-17-650235-5|page=78|access-date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151241/https://books.google.com/books?id=8GkHKO0T4P8C&pg=PA78|url-status=live}}</ref> President of KFC's US division Gregg Dedrick said PETA mischaracterized KFC as a poultry producer rather than a purchaser of chickens.<ref name="Swann2010">{{cite book|last=Swann|first=Patricia|title=Cases in Public Relations Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQCogK0r4g4C&pg=PA121|access-date=September 26, 2013|date=April 2010|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-203-85136-4|pages=121–122|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151206/https://books.google.com/books?id=uQCogK0r4g4C&pg=PA121|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, Yum! stated: "[As] a major purchaser of food products, [Yum!] has the opportunity and responsibility to influence the way animals supplied to us are treated. We take that responsibility very seriously, and we are monitoring our suppliers on an ongoing basis."<ref name=an08>{{cite book|title=Annual Report|year=2008|publisher=Yum! Brands|location=Louisville|page=52|url=http://yum.com/investors/annualreport/08annualreport/docs/annualReport08.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://yum.com/investors/annualreport/08annualreport/docs/annualReport08.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|access-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref>
+Since the beginning of the 21st century, fast food has been criticized for its [[animal welfare]] record, its links to [[obesity]] and its environmental impact.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barnett|first=Michael|title=Colonel Sanders' new modern army of outlets|url=http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/colonel-sanders-new-modern-army-of-outlets/3021690.article|access-date=February 11, 2013|newspaper=[[Marketing Week]]|date=December 16, 2010|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185241/http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/colonel-sanders-new-modern-army-of-outlets/3021690.article|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Eric Schlosser]]'s book ''[[Fast Food Nation]]'' (2002) and [[Morgan Spurlock]]'s film ''[[Super Size Me]]'' (2004) reflected these concerns.<ref name="Liddle, Alan-1990" /> Since 2003, [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA) has protested KFC's choice of poultry suppliers worldwide.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yaziji, Michael |author2=Doh, Jonathan |title=NGOs and Corporations: Conflict and Collaboration |series=Business, Value Creation, and Society |chapter=Case illustration: PETA and KFC |pages=112–114 |year=2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-86684-2}}</ref> The exception is KFC Canada, which signed an agreement pledging to only use "animal-friendly" suppliers.<ref name="WilliamsChampion2011">{{cite book|author1=Chuck Williams|author2=Terry Champion|author3=Ike Hall|title=MGMT|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GkHKO0T4P8C&pg=PA78|year=2011|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-0-17-650235-5|page=78|access-date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151241/https://books.google.com/books?id=8GkHKO0T4P8C&pg=PA78|url-status=live}}</ref> President of KFC's US division Gregg Dedrick said PETA mischaracterized KFC as a poultry producer rather than a purchaser of chickens.<ref name="Swann2010">{{cite book|last=Swann|first=Patricia|title=Cases in Public Relations Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQCogK0r4g4C&pg=PA121|access-date=September 26, 2013|date=April 2010|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-203-85136-4|pages=121–122|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151206/https://books.google.com/books?id=uQCogK0r4g4C&pg=PA121|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2008, Yum! stated: "[As] a major purchaser of food products, [Yum!] has the opportunity and responsibility to influence the way animals supplied to us are treated. We take that responsibility very seriously, and we are monitoring our suppliers on an ongoing basis."<ref name=an08>{{cite book|title=Annual Report|year=2008|publisher=Yum! Brands|location=Louisville|page=52|url=http://yum.com/investors/annualreport/08annualreport/docs/annualReport08.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://yum.com/investors/annualreport/08annualreport/docs/annualReport08.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|access-date=September 27, 2013}}</ref>
 In 2006, [[Greenpeace]] accused KFC Europe of sourcing the [[soya bean]] for its chicken feed from [[Criticisms of Cargill#Controversy around Santarém port and Amazon deforestation|Cargill]], which had been accused of clearing large swathes of the [[Amazon rainforest]] in order to grow the crop.<ref name=cargill>{{cite news |first1=Felicity |last1=Lawrence |first2=John |last2=Vidal |title=Food giants to boycott illegal Amazon soya |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/24/brazil.foodanddrink |access-date=August 27, 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=July 24, 2006 |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126074955/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/24/brazil.foodanddrink |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In 2010, according to ''[[The Guardian]]'', "in the US where fried chicken remains closely associated with age-old racist stereotypes about black people in the once segregated south", KFC Australia aired the 30-second promotion on television named "KFC's cricket survival guide" which shows a [[cricket]] fan surrounded by fans from the opposing team. The television announcer asks, "Need a tip when you're stuck in an awkward situation?" The fan passes around his "bucket of KFC", even though the commercial was intended for an Australian audience, which found its way to social media in the United States, prompting sharp disapproval. KFC Australia made a statement to the fact the commercial was "misinterpreted by a segment of people in the US" and it was a "light-hearted reference to the West Indian cricket team" and "The ad was reproduced online in the US without KFC's permission, where we are told a culturally-based stereotype exists, leading to the incorrect assertion of racism...We unequivocally condemn discrimination of any type and have a proud history as one of the world's leading employers for diversity".<ref>{{cite news |last=Clark |first=Andrew |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/jan/06/kfc-advertisement-accused-of-racism |title=KFC accused of racism over Australian advertisement |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 6, 2010 |access-date=August 27, 2016 |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031519/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/jan/06/kfc-advertisement-accused-of-racism |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In 2010, according to ''[[The Guardian]]'', "in the US where fried chicken remains closely associated with age-old racist stereotypes about black people in the once segregated south", KFC Australia aired the 30-second promotion on television named "KFC's cricket survival guide" which shows a white [[cricket]] fan surrounded by black fans from the opposing team. The television announcer asks, "Need a tip when you're stuck in an awkward situation?" The fan passes around his "bucket of KFC", even though the commercial was intended for an Australian audience, which found its way to social media in the United States, prompting sharp disapproval. KFC Australia made a statement to the fact the commercial was "misinterpreted by a segment of people in the US" and it was a "light-hearted reference to the West Indian cricket team" and "The ad was reproduced online in the US without KFC's permission, where we are told a culturally-based stereotype exists, leading to the incorrect assertion of racism...We unequivocally condemn discrimination of any type and have a proud history as one of the world's leading employers for diversity".<ref>{{cite news |last=Clark |first=Andrew |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/jan/06/kfc-advertisement-accused-of-racism |title=KFC accused of racism over Australian advertisement |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 6, 2010 |access-date=August 27, 2016 |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031519/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/jan/06/kfc-advertisement-accused-of-racism |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In May 2012, Greenpeace accused KFC of sourcing [[Pulp (paper)|paper pulp]] for its food packaging from [[Deforestation in Indonesia|Indonesian]] rainforest wood.<ref name=rainforest>{{cite news|author1=Jim Efstathiou Jr.|author2=Leslie Patton|title=KFC Using Rain-Forest Wood in Boxes, Greenpeace Says|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-23/kfc-chicken-buckets-made-with-rain-forest-wood-greenpeace-finds.html|access-date=November 12, 2013|newspaper=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=June 13, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112211433/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-23/kfc-chicken-buckets-made-with-rain-forest-wood-greenpeace-finds.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Independent forensic tests showed that some packaging contained more than 50 percent mixed tropical hardwood fiber, sourced from [[Asia Pulp & Paper]] (APP).<ref name="Businessweek-2012">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-05-23/kfc-chicken-buckets-made-with-rain-forest-wood-greenpeace-finds |title=KFC Using Rain-Forest Wood in Boxes, Greenpeace Says |magazine=[[Businessweek]] |date=June 13, 2012 |access-date=October 27, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105151725/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-05-23/kfc-chicken-buckets-made-with-rain-forest-wood-greenpeace-finds |archive-date=November 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.supplymanagement.com/news/2012/kfc-denies-greenpeace-sourcing-allegations/ |author=Badasha, Kamalpreet |title=KFC denies Greenpeace sourcing allegations |magazine=[[Supply Management (magazine)|Supply Management]] |date=May 24, 2012 |access-date=October 27, 2012 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112110/http://www.supplymanagement.com/news/2012/kfc-denies-greenpeace-sourcing-allegations/ |url-status=live }}</ref> APP said such fiber can be found in recycled paper, or: "It can also come from tree residues that are cleared, after a forest area has become degraded, logged-over or burned, as part of a sustainable development plan. APP has strict policies and practices in place to ensure that only residues from legal plantation development on degraded or logged-over forest areas and sustainable wood fiber enters the production supply chain."<ref name="Businessweek-2012" /> KFC said: "From a global perspective, 60 percent of the paper products that Yum! (our parent company) sources are from sustainable sources. Our suppliers are working towards making it 100 percent."<ref name=rainforest />
+In May 2012, Greenpeace accused KFC of sourcing [[paper pulp]] for its food packaging from [[Deforestation in Indonesia|Indonesian]] rainforest wood.<ref name=rainforest>{{cite news|author1=Jim Efstathiou Jr.|author2=Leslie Patton|title=KFC Using Rain-Forest Wood in Boxes, Greenpeace Says|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-23/kfc-chicken-buckets-made-with-rain-forest-wood-greenpeace-finds.html|access-date=November 12, 2013|newspaper=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=June 13, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112211433/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-23/kfc-chicken-buckets-made-with-rain-forest-wood-greenpeace-finds.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Independent forensic tests showed that some packaging contained more than 50 percent mixed tropical hardwood fiber, sourced from [[Asia Pulp & Paper]] (APP).<ref name="Businessweek-2012">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-05-23/kfc-chicken-buckets-made-with-rain-forest-wood-greenpeace-finds |title=KFC Using Rain-Forest Wood in Boxes, Greenpeace Says |magazine=[[Businessweek]] |date=June 13, 2012 |access-date=October 27, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105151725/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-05-23/kfc-chicken-buckets-made-with-rain-forest-wood-greenpeace-finds |archive-date=November 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.supplymanagement.com/news/2012/kfc-denies-greenpeace-sourcing-allegations/ |author=Badasha, Kamalpreet |title=KFC denies Greenpeace sourcing allegations |magazine=[[Supply Management (magazine)|Supply Management]] |date=May 24, 2012 |access-date=October 27, 2012 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112110/http://www.supplymanagement.com/news/2012/kfc-denies-greenpeace-sourcing-allegations/ |url-status=live }}</ref> APP said such fiber can be found in recycled paper, or: "It can also come from tree residues that are cleared, after a forest area has become degraded, logged-over or burned, as part of a sustainable development plan. APP has strict policies and practices in place to ensure that only residues from legal plantation development on degraded or logged-over forest areas and sustainable wood fiber enters the production supply chain."<ref name="Businessweek-2012" /> KFC said: "From a global perspective, 60 percent of the paper products that Yum! (our parent company) sources are from sustainable sources. Our suppliers are working towards making it 100 percent."<ref name=rainforest />
 In December 2012, the chain was criticized in China when it was discovered that a number of KFC suppliers had been using [[growth hormone]]s and an excessive amount of [[antibiotics]] on its poultry in ways that violated Chinese law.<ref name="Hsu-2013">{{cite news|last=Hsu|first=Tiffany|title=After KFC chicken scare, Yum plans to 'stay the course in China'|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-kfc-chicken-china-yum-20130205,0,5847697.story|access-date=February 5, 2013|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=February 5, 2013|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029211935/http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-kfc-chicken-china-yum-20130205,0,5847697.story|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2013, Yum! CEO David Novak admitted that the scandal had been "longer lasting and more impactful than we ever imagined."<ref name="Hsu-2013" /> The issue is of major concern to Yum!, which earns almost half of its profits from China, largely through the KFC brand. In March 2013, Yum! reported that sales had rebounded in February, but that lower sales in December and January would result in a decline in same-store sales of 20 percent in the first quarter.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cai|first=Debbie|title=Yum's China Sales Fall 20% as It Tries to Win Back KFC Customers|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324281004578354771518385886|access-date=March 12, 2013|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 11, 2013|archive-date=November 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121033506/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324281004578354771518385886|url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 181: / Line 182: @@
 In February 2018, logistics mismanagement by [[DHL]], which had been selected by KFC UK as their new delivery partner, caused a chicken shortage in the United Kingdom – KFC's largest market in Europe – forcing the company to temporarily close hundreds of restaurants around the country.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/02/20/news/kfc-chicken-shortage-uk-stores/index.html|title=KFC chicken shortage will hit UK stores all week|last=Petroff|first=Alanna|date=February 20, 2018|work=CNN|access-date=February 23, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109025656/https://money.cnn.com/2018/02/20/news/kfc-chicken-shortage-uk-stores/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> KFC apologized by taking out adverts in British newspapers showing the company's initials rearranged to read "FCK", followed by an apology, which was well received.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/02/23/news/kfc-apology-ad-shortage-chicken/index.html|title=KFC apologizes for chicken shortage with a hilarious hidden message|last=Petroff|first=Alanna|date=February 23, 2018|work=CNN|access-date=February 23, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109001312/https://money.cnn.com/2018/02/23/news/kfc-apology-ad-shortage-chicken/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In November 2021, Finland's first KFC restaurant was opened at the [[Itis shopping center]] in [[Itäkeskus]], [[Helsinki]]. A few days before the opening day, a tent had appeared in front of the restaurant, where a man who had kept his identity secret for a few days had stayed,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/helsinki/art-2000008394509.html|title=Joku pystytti teltan pian avattavan KFC-ravintolan eteen Itäkeskuksessa ja värjöttelee sateessa varpaat jäässä jo kolmatta päivää: "Kanoista tykkään"|work=[[Helsingin Sanomat]]|date=November 10, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021|language=fi|archive-date=November 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044841/https://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/helsinki/art-2000008394509.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and who on the opening day revealed himself to the public as a [[Veganism|vegan]] activist defending [[animal rights]].<ref name="yle"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/96eeef0e-27fe-461f-8382-832309be4d2a|title=KFC:n telttamies olikin aktivisti: Mielenosoittajat talutettiin ulos – sisällä hurrattiin kanansyönnille|work=[[Iltalehti]]|date=November 11, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021|language=fi|archive-date=November 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044838/https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/96eeef0e-27fe-461f-8382-832309be4d2a|url-status=live}}</ref> After trying to give his speech to those present, the security company carried him away.<ref name="yle">{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/news/3-12184346|title=Vegan "chicken lover" protests KFC launch in Finland|work=[[Yle News]]|date=November 11, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021|archive-date=November 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044841/https://yle.fi/news/3-12184346|url-status=live}}</ref> Even before the opening of the restaurant, in October, news of a controversy over the procurement of a broiler for food from Poland; the cause is mainly related to the risk of [[salmonella]] in broilers, which is a significant problem in Poland, whereas its prevalence in Finland is low.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2022 |title=Major companies including McDonald's are under fire for failing to boycott Russia |url=https://happymag.tv/mcdonalds-criticised-for-failing-to-boycott-russia/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=Happy Mag |language=en-US |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306122421/https://happymag.tv/mcdonalds-criticised-for-failing-to-boycott-russia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In November 2021, Finland's first KFC restaurant was opened at the [[Itis shopping center]] in [[Itäkeskus]], Helsinki. A few days before the opening day, a tent had appeared in front of the restaurant, where a man who had kept his identity secret for a few days had stayed,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/helsinki/art-2000008394509.html|title=Joku pystytti teltan pian avattavan KFC-ravintolan eteen Itäkeskuksessa ja värjöttelee sateessa varpaat jäässä jo kolmatta päivää: "Kanoista tykkään"|work=[[Helsingin Sanomat]]|date=November 10, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021|language=fi|archive-date=November 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044841/https://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/helsinki/art-2000008394509.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and who on the opening day revealed himself to the public as a [[vegan]] activist defending [[animal rights]].<ref name="yle"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/96eeef0e-27fe-461f-8382-832309be4d2a|title=KFC:n telttamies olikin aktivisti: Mielenosoittajat talutettiin ulos – sisällä hurrattiin kanansyönnille|work=[[Iltalehti]]|date=November 11, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021|language=fi|archive-date=November 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044838/https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/96eeef0e-27fe-461f-8382-832309be4d2a|url-status=live}}</ref> After trying to give his speech to those present, the security company carried him away.<ref name="yle">{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/news/3-12184346|title=Vegan "chicken lover" protests KFC launch in Finland|work=[[Yle News]]|date=November 11, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021|archive-date=November 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044841/https://yle.fi/news/3-12184346|url-status=live}}</ref> Even before the opening of the restaurant, in October, news of a controversy over the procurement of a broiler for food from Poland; the cause is mainly related to the risk of [[salmonella]] in broilers, which is a significant problem in Poland, whereas its prevalence in Finland is low.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2022 |title=Major companies including McDonald's are under fire for failing to boycott Russia |url=https://happymag.tv/mcdonalds-criticised-for-failing-to-boycott-russia/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=Happy Mag |language=en-US |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306122421/https://happymag.tv/mcdonalds-criticised-for-failing-to-boycott-russia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 Following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], a number of companies have faced growing pressure to halt operations in Russia but have not yet done so. This includes KFC, which has over 1,000 outlets in Russia, more than any other Western fast food chain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine invasion: Attention turns to McDonald's and crypto exchanges, yet to take a stand against Russia |url=https://news.sky.com/story/attention-turns-to-mcdonalds-and-cryptocurrency-exchanges-as-holdouts-in-russia-exodus-12557535 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=Sky News |language=en |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306142102/https://news.sky.com/story/attention-turns-to-mcdonalds-and-cryptocurrency-exchanges-as-holdouts-in-russia-exodus-12557535 |url-status=live }}
@@ Line 187: / Line 188: @@
 *{{cite web|url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/news-in-brief/20248-kfc-embroiled-in-minor-controversy-for-decision-to-import-chicken-to-finland.html|title=KFC embroiled in minor controversy for decision to import chicken to Finland|first=Tahira|last=Sequeira|work=[[Helsinki Times]]|date=October 28, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021|archive-date=November 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112044834/https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/news-in-brief/20248-kfc-embroiled-in-minor-controversy-for-decision-to-import-chicken-to-finland.html|url-status=live}}
 *{{Cite web |last=Winchester |first=Levi |date=March 4, 2022 |title=McDonald's under pressure for opening as 'normal' in Russia despite Ukraine war |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/money/mcdonalds-under-fire-failing-boycott-26384122 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=mirror |language=en |archive-date=March 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308182517/https://www.mirror.co.uk/money/mcdonalds-under-fire-failing-boycott-26384122 |url-status=live }}
-*{{Cite web |last1=Seattle |first1=Marler Clark 1012 First Avenue Fifth Floor |last2=Phone: 1-800-884-9840 |first2=WA 98104-1008 |date=March 1, 2022 |title=KFC, McDonald's, Burger King, Starbucks and Pizza Hut, close your Russian Restaurants until Putin removes troops from Ukraine |url=https://www.marlerblog.com/lawyer-oped/kfc-mcdonalds-burger-king-starbucks-and-pizza-hut-close-your-russian-restaurants-until-putin-removes-troops-from-ukraine/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=Marler Blog |language=en-US |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306121823/https://www.marlerblog.com/lawyer-oped/kfc-mcdonalds-burger-king-starbucks-and-pizza-hut-close-your-russian-restaurants-until-putin-removes-troops-from-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+*{{Cite web |last1=Marler |first1=Bill |date=February 28, 2022 |title=KFC, McDonald's, Burger King, Starbucks and Pizza Hut, close your Russian Restaurants until Putin removes troops from Ukraine |url=https://www.marlerblog.com/lawyer-oped/kfc-mcdonalds-burger-king-starbucks-and-pizza-hut-close-your-russian-restaurants-until-putin-removes-troops-from-ukraine/ |access-date=March 6, 2022 |website=Marler Blog |language=en-US |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306121823/https://www.marlerblog.com/lawyer-oped/kfc-mcdonalds-burger-king-starbucks-and-pizza-hut-close-your-russian-restaurants-until-putin-removes-troops-from-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In early 2022 a promotional video was shot with influencer Niko Omilana showing a chicken farm in the KFC supply chain. The video depicted birds with a good quality of life. Animal rights activists entered the same farm months later and found vastly different conditions, with instances of "severe overcrowding" and "lame and dead birds". Paul Roger, a vet and founder member of AWSELVA, said birds in the footage were exhibiting "behavioural signs of stress such as feather pecking and topical skin infection". KFC's actions were branded "misleading".<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2022 |title=KFC faces backlash over 'misleading' portrayal of UK chicken farming |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/12/kfc-faces-backlash-over-misleading-portrayal-of-chicken-farming-niko-omilana |access-date=August 24, 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412083129/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/12/kfc-faces-backlash-over-misleading-portrayal-of-chicken-farming-niko-omilana |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In early 2022 a promotional video was shot with influencer [[Niko Omilana]] showing a chicken farm in the KFC supply chain. The video depicted birds with a good quality of life. Animal rights activists entered the same farm months later and found vastly different conditions, with instances of "severe overcrowding" and "lame and dead birds". Paul Roger, a vet and founder member of AWSELVA, said birds in the footage were exhibiting "behavioural signs of stress such as feather pecking and topical skin infection". KFC's actions were branded "misleading".<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2022 |title=KFC faces backlash over 'misleading' portrayal of UK chicken farming |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/12/kfc-faces-backlash-over-misleading-portrayal-of-chicken-farming-niko-omilana |access-date=August 24, 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412083129/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/12/kfc-faces-backlash-over-misleading-portrayal-of-chicken-farming-niko-omilana |url-status=live }}</ref>
-On November 9, 2022, KFC Germany issued an announcement inviting its German audience to celebrate [[Kristallnacht]] with "Cheesy Chicken". An apology was issued shortly afterwards, blaming the original message as "error in our system".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Binley |first1=Alex |title=KFC apologises after German Kristallnacht promotion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63499057 |access-date=November 10, 2022 |work=BBC News |date=November 10, 2022 |archive-date=November 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110152338/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63499057 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+On November 9, 2022, KFC Germany issued an announcement inviting its German audience to celebrate [[Kristallnacht]] with "Cheesy Chicken". An apology was issued shortly afterwards, blaming the original message as an "error in our system".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Binley |first1=Alex |title=KFC apologises after German Kristallnacht promotion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63499057 |access-date=November 10, 2022 |work=BBC News |date=November 10, 2022 |archive-date=November 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110152338/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63499057 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In May of 2024, the closure of the outlet in [[Malaysia]] was reported due to the ongoing [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=KFC Malaysia temporarily closes outlets amid Gaza boycott |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2024/5/3/kfc-malaysia-temporarily-closes-outlets-amid-gaza-boycott |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523162956/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2024/5/3/kfc-malaysia-temporarily-closes-outlets-amid-gaza-boycott |url-status=live }}</ref> Attacks on two outlets in [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]] were also reported.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Two KFC outlets attacked in Baghdad over Gaza war, police sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-kfc-outlets-attacked-baghdad-over-gaza-war-police-sources-say-2024-05-27/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
+In September 2024, KFC announced that it would not meet the Better Chicken Commitment, an animal welfare pledge made in 2019. The commitment includes several welfare standards, such as adopting slower-growing breeds by 2026, but as of 2024, only 1% of KFC's chickens were from such breeds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ungoed-Thomas |first=Jon |date=2024-11-23 |title=KFC drops pledge to stop using 'Frankenchickens' in the UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2024/nov/23/kfc-drops-pledge-to-stop-using-frankenchickens-in-the-uk |access-date=2024-12-08 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 210: / Line 215: @@
 <ref name="Barmash-1971">{{cite news|last=Barmash|first=Isadore|title=Chief Expected to Leave Kentucky Fried Chicken|newspaper=New York Times|date=July 23, 1971}}</ref>
 <ref name="Stevenson-1986">{{cite news|last=Stevenson|first=Richard W.|title=Pepsico to Acquire Kentucky Fried: Deal Worth $850 Million|newspaper=New York Times|date=July 25, 1986}}</ref>
-<ref name="Brooks, Nancy Rivera-1986">{{cite news |title=Pepsico to Buy Kentucky Fried From RJR Nabisco – $850-Million Deal Is Good for Both Firms-Analysts |author=Brooks, Nancy Rivera |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-25/business/fi-0_1_rjr-nabisco |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=July 25, 1986 |access-date=June 30, 2012 |archive-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015120730/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-25/business/fi-0_1_rjr-nabisco |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Brooks, Nancy Rivera-1986">{{cite news |title=Pepsico to Buy Kentucky Fried From RJR Nabisco – $850-Million Deal Is Good for Both Firms-Analysts |author=Brooks, Nancy Rivera |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-25-fi-0-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=July 25, 1986 |access-date=June 30, 2012 |archive-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015120730/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-25/business/fi-0_1_rjr-nabisco |url-status=live }}</ref>
 <ref name="Seth Stevenson-2004">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/business/ad_report_card/2004/05/alphabet_soup.html |title=Alphabet Soup |author=Seth Stevenson |date=May 3, 2004 |magazine=Slate |access-date=June 28, 2012 |archive-date=May 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516154844/http://www.slate.com/articles/business/ad_report_card/2004/05/alphabet_soup.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-<ref name="Chicago Tribune-1997">{{cite news | url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-10-07/business/9710070298_1_drinks-and-frito-lay-snacks-pepsico-food-systems-restaurant-supply-restaurant-supply-unit | work=Chicago Tribune | title=Pepsico To Tricon | date=October 7, 1997 | access-date=September 27, 2013 | archive-date=October 2, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002142013/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-10-07/business/9710070298_1_drinks-and-frito-lay-snacks-pepsico-food-systems-restaurant-supply-restaurant-supply-unit | url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Chicago Tribune-1997">{{cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1997/10/07/pepsico-to-tricon/ | work=Chicago Tribune | title=Pepsico To Tricon | date=October 7, 1997 | access-date=September 27, 2013 | archive-date=October 2, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002142013/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-10-07/business/9710070298_1_drinks-and-frito-lay-snacks-pepsico-food-systems-restaurant-supply-restaurant-supply-unit | url-status=live }}</ref>
 <ref name="New York Times-1997">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/28/business/pepsico-picks-name-for-planned-spinoff.html | work=New York Times | title=Pepsico Picks Name For Planned Spinoff | date=June 28, 1997 | access-date=September 27, 2013 | archive-date=May 5, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505130643/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/28/business/pepsico-picks-name-for-planned-spinoff.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
 <ref name="Kleber2000">{{cite book|author=Kleber, John E.|title=The Encyclopedia of Louisville|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC|access-date=September 11, 2012|date=December 4, 2000|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-2100-0|page=482|archive-date=March 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151808/https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC|url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 233: / Line 238: @@
 {{Yum!}}
 {{Louisville}}
+{{Fast-food chains of the United States}}
 {{Authority control}}
@@ Line 238: / Line 244: @@
 [[Category:KFC| ]]
+[[Category:1930 establishments in Kentucky]]
+[[Category:1964 mergers and acquisitions]]
+[[Category:1971 mergers and acquisitions]]
+[[Category:1986 mergers and acquisitions]]
+[[Category:American companies established in 1930]]
+[[Category:American corporate subsidiaries]]
 [[Category:Chicken chains of the United States]]
-[[Category:Fast-food chains of the United States]]
-[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]]
-[[Category:Multinational food companies]]
 [[Category:Companies based in Louisville, Kentucky]]
-[[Category:Restaurants in Louisville, Kentucky]]
-[[Category:Restaurants established in 1930]]
-[[Category:1930 establishments in Kentucky]]
 [[Category:Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Canada]]
+[[Category:Fast-food chains of the United States]]
+[[Category:Fast-food poultry restaurants]]
 [[Category:Kentucky cuisine]]
 [[Category:Laurel County, Kentucky]]
+[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]]
+[[Category:Multinational food companies]]
+[[Category:Restaurants established in 1930]]
+[[Category:Restaurants in Louisville, Kentucky]]
 [[Category:South Salt Lake, Utah]]
 [[Category:Yum! Brands]]
-[[Category:American companies established in 1930]]
-[[Category:Fast-food poultry restaurants]]
-[[Category:1964 mergers and acquisitions]]
-[[Category:1971 mergers and acquisitions]]
-[[Category:1986 mergers and acquisitions]]
-[[Category:American corporate subsidiaries]]

v t e KFC
People	Colonel Sanders (founder) Pete Harman David C. Novak Roger Eaton
Company	Advertising History
Notable locations	Harland Sanders Café and Museum KFC Yum! Center Big Chicken
Products and recipes	Original Recipe Popcorn chicken KFC Snacker Double Down Beyond Fried Chicken
Regional operations	By country China Yum China Israel Japan Pakistan South Africa
Related articles	Claudia Sanders Dinner House Curse of the Colonel H. Salt Esquire I Love You, Colonel Sanders! Kentucky Fried Cruelty Kentucky Fried Chicken murders KFC Index KFC rice PETA satirical browser games Zantigo
Category

v t e Yum! Brands
Current chains	The Habit Burger Grill KFC Pizza Hut Taco Bell WingStreet
Former chains	A&W Restaurants Long John Silver's
People	Greg Creed (CEO) David C. Novak Micky Pant Robert D. Walter (Chairman)
Related	Yum China (East Dawning, Little Sheep Group)

v t e City of Louisville and metro area
History	Timeline Historic places Founder: George Rogers Clark Corn Island Fort Nelson Bloody Monday religious riots (1855) Civil War Southern Exposition (1883–87) 1890 tornado 1937 flood 1968 riots 1973 Kentucky Derby (Secretariat) 1974 tornadoes Louisville Cardinals men's basketball Championships in 1980 / 1986 / 2013 [vacated] 2015 scandal Standard Gravure shooting (1989) Ohio River Bridges Project (2002–16) Breonna Taylor Killing (2020) Protests 2023 bank shooting
Geography	Downtown Cityscape Climate Local landmarks Neighborhoods Parks Preservation districts (Old Louisville)
Government	Mayor (Craig Greenberg) Metro Council (President: Markus Winkler)
Transportation	Airports Muhammad Ali International Bowman Field Bridges Lewis and Clark Big Four Lincoln Kennedy Clark/2nd St. 14th St. K&I Sherman Minton Louisville Union Station McAlpine Locks and Dam Roads TARC
Other subject areas	Attractions and events Cuisine Economy Education Media People Performing arts Public art Religion Sports
Top subjects	Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali Center Cave Hill Cemetery Falls of the Ohio Farmington Kentucky Derby (Festival) KFC History Colonel Sanders L&N Louisville Slugger Speed Art Museum University of Louisville (Cardinals)
National Historic Landmarks	Belle of Louisville Churchill Downs Historic Locust Grove Mayor Andrew Broaddus Old Bank Zachary Taylor House United States Marine Hospital Water Tower
Prominent suburbs (over 10K pop.)	Clarksville Jeffersontown Jeffersonville Lyndon Mount Washington New Albany St. Matthews Shelbyville Shepherdsville Shively
Category (city) Category (metro area) WikiProject

v t e Fast food and fast casual restaurant chains in the United States
Burger chains Chicken chains Coffeehouse chains Doughnut chains Hot dog chains Pizza chains Sandwich chains Seafood chains
Asian	Manchu Wok Panda Express Pei Wei Asian Diner P. F. Chang's Pick Up Stix Sarku Japan Yoshinoya
Baked goods	85°C Bakery Cafe Au Bon Pain Auntie Anne's Boudin Bakery Bruegger's The Cheesecake Factory Cinnabon Corner Bakery Cafe Crumbl Cookies Daylight Donuts Donut King Duck Donuts Einstein Bros. Five Daughters Bakery Great American Cookies Honey Dew Donuts Insomnia Cookies Krispy Kreme Mochinut Mrs. Fields Panera Bread Paris Baguette Pretzelmaker/Pretzel Time Red Ribbon Shipley Do-Nuts Tim Hortons Wetzel's Winchell's
Barbecue	Dickey's L&L Hawaiian Barbecue Logan's Roadhouse Mission BBQ Morton's The Steakhouse Outback Steakhouse Saltgrass Steak House Texas Roadhouse
Beverages	Bambū Biggby Coffee Caribou Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Coffee Beanery Dunkin' Dunn Bros Dutch Bros. Gloria Jean's It's Boba Time Jamba Juice Juice It Up! Kung Fu Tea Orange Julius Peet's Planet Smoothie Robeks Scooter's Coffee Smoothie King Starbucks Tropical Smoothie Cafe
Breakfast	Black Bear Cracker Barrel Denny's Golden Corral IHOP The Original Pancake House Waffle House
Chicken	Bojangles' Bonchon Chicken Boston Market Brown's Chicken & Pasta Buffalo Wild Wings Bush's Chicken Chester's Chick-fil-A Chicken Express Chicken Salad Chick Church's/Texas Chicken Dave's Hot Chicken El Pollo Loco Golden Chick Golden Skillet Guthrie's Hartz Chicken Hooters Jollibee KFC Krispy Krunchy Kyochon Lee's Famous Recipe Chicken Louisiana Famous Fried Chicken Mrs. Winner's Pollo Tropical Popeyes Raising Cane's Roy Rogers Slim Chickens Wingstop WingStreet Zaxby's
Frozen desserts	Baskin-Robbins Ben & Jerry's Braum's Bruster's Carvel Cold Stone Creamery Dairy Queen Dippin' Dots Fosters Freeze Friendly's Graeter's Häagen-Dazs Handel's La Michoacana MaggieMoo's Marble Slab Menchie's Oberweis Orange Leaf Pinkberry Popbar Red Mango Rita's Sweet Frog Tastee-Freez TCBY Tropical Sno Tutti Frutti Yogen Früz Yogurtland
Hamburgers	A&W Applebee's Arctic Circle Back Yard Big Boy BurgerFi Burger King Carl's Jr. Checkers/Rally's Cook Out Culver's Fatburger Five Guys Freddy's Fuddruckers The Habit Hardee's Hwy 55 In-N-Out Jack's Jack in the Box Johnny Rockets Krystal McDonald's Mooyah Red Robin Roy Rogers Ruby Tuesday Shake Shack Smashburger Sonic Steak 'n Shake Wayback Wendy's Whataburger White Castle
Hot dogs	Nathan's Famous Portillo's Wienerschnitzel
Mexican / Tex-Mex	Baja Fresh Cafe Rio Chevys Chili's Chipotle Del Taco El Torito Fuzzy's Green/Red Burrito Guzman y Gomez La Salsa Moe's On the Border Pancheros Qdoba Roberto's Rubio's Salsarita's Taco Bell Taco Bueno Taco Cabana Taco John's TacoTime Tijuana Flats Torchy's Tacos
Pizza / Italian	Blaze Pizza Domino's Fazoli's Little Caesars MOD Pizza Mountain Mike's Olive Garden Papa Gino's Papa John's Pizza Hut Pizza Patrón Round Table Pizza Sbarro Shakey's Pizza Straw Hat Pizza
Salads	Salad and Go Saladworks Sweetgreen
Sandwiches	Arby's Blimpie Capriotti's Charley's Cousins D'Angelo Erbert & Gerbert's Firehouse Subs Jason's Jersey Mike's Jimmy John's Lee's Sandwiches Lenny's Sub McAlister's Deli Mendocino Farms Miami Subs Newk's Eatery Penn Station Port of Subs Potbelly Primo Hoagies Quiznos Rax Sandella's Schlotzsky's Steak Escape Subway Togo's Which Wich?
Seafood	Arthur Treacher's California Fish Grill Captain D's H. Salt Esquire Joe's Crab Shack Long John Silver's McCormick & Schmick's Red Lobster Skippers Seafood & Chowder House
Other	Cava German Doner Kebab The Halal Guys Noodles & Company Pita Pit Skyline Chili TGI Fridays WaBa Grill
Defunct	Bresler's 33 Flavors Brigham's Burger Chef Burgerim Carrols D'Lites Dawn Donuts Druther's Henry's Hamburgers Hot 'n Now Hot Sam Pretzels Lum's Naugles Nestlé Toll House Red Barn Sandy's Seattle's Best Coffee Souplantation/Sweet Tomatoes Teavana T.J. Cinnamons Tully's Wetson's White Tower Zantigo