Argishti I of Urartu: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Arinçkus Argişti Steli.jpg|thumb|A Argishti [[Arinçkus Argishti I Stele]], Bitlis Ahlat Museum.]] |
[[File:Arinçkus Argişti Steli.jpg|thumb|A Argishti [[Arinçkus Argishti I Stele]], Bitlis Ahlat Museum.]] |
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A son and the successor of [[Menua]], he continued the series of conquests initiated by his predecessors, apparently campaigning every year of his reign.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Zimansky |first=Paul |url=https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc41.pdf |title=Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State |publisher=Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago |year=1985 |isbn=0-918986-41-9 |pages=54 |oclc=469553313}}</ref> He was involved in a number of inconclusive conflicts with the [[Assyria]]n king [[Shalmaneser IV]]. He conquered the northern part of [[Syria]] and made Urartu the most powerful state in post-[[Hittites|Hittite]] [[Asia Minor]]. He also expanded his kingdom north to [[Lake Sevan]], conquering much of [[Diauehi]] and the [[Ararat Plain|Ararat Valley]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Suny|first=Ronald Grigor|title=The Making of the Georgian Nation|pages=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC&pg=PA6 |isbn=0253209153|year=1994|publisher=Indiana University Press }}</ref> After an uprising by the inhabitants of the newly conquered regions, Argishti deported them and repopulated the area with subjects from other parts of his empire.<ref name=":0">Adam T. Smith. ''The Political Landscape: Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities.'' University of California Press. 2003. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5KhXE6mqSx8C&dq=6600+argishti+erebuni&pg=PA168]</ref> In those territories, Argishti built Erebuni Fortress in 782 BC, settling it with 6,600 prisoners of war from Hatti and Supani.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1978 |title=Ērebuni |encyclopedia=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]] |location=Yerevan |url=https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_4.djvu/90 |last=Hovhannisyan |first=K. |author-link=Konstantine Hovhannisyan |editor-last=Hambardzumyan |editor-first=Viktor |volume=4 |pages=90–91 |language=hy}}</ref> He also founded the fortress of [[Argishtikhinili (ancient city)|Argishtikhinili]] in 776 BC, on the site of [[Armavir (ancient city)|Armavir]], the first capital of the later [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]].<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Zimansky |first=Paul |url=https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc41.pdf |title=Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State |publisher=Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago |year=1985 |isbn=0-918986-41-9 |pages=94 |oclc=469553313}}</ref> |
A son and the successor of [[Menua]], he continued the series of conquests initiated by his predecessors, apparently campaigning every year of his reign.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Zimansky |first=Paul |url=https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc41.pdf |title=Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State |publisher=Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago |year=1985 |isbn=0-918986-41-9 |pages=54 |oclc=469553313}}</ref> He was involved in a number of inconclusive conflicts with the [[Assyria]]n king [[Shalmaneser IV]]. He conquered the northern part of [[Syria]] and made Urartu the most powerful state in post-[[Hittites|Hittite]] [[Asia Minor]]. He also expanded his kingdom north to [[Lake Sevan]], conquering much of [[Diauehi]] and the [[Ararat Plain|Ararat Valley]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Suny|first=Ronald Grigor|title=The Making of the Georgian Nation|pages=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC&pg=PA6 |isbn=0253209153|year=1994|publisher=Indiana University Press }}</ref> After an uprising by the inhabitants of the newly conquered regions, Argishti deported them and repopulated the area with subjects from other parts of his empire.<ref name=":0">Adam T. Smith. ''The Political Landscape: Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities.'' University of California Press. 2003. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5KhXE6mqSx8C&dq=6600+argishti+erebuni&pg=PA168]</ref> In those territories, Argishti built Erebuni Fortress in 782 BC, settling it with 6,600 prisoners of war from Hatti and Supani.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1978 |title=Ērebuni |encyclopedia=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]] |location=Yerevan |url=https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_4.djvu/90 |last=Hovhannisyan |first=K. |author-link=Konstantine Hovhannisyan |editor-last=Hambardzumyan |editor-first=Viktor |volume=4 |pages=90–91 |language=hy}}</ref> He also founded the fortress of [[Argishtikhinili (ancient city)|Argishtikhinili]] in 776 BC, on the site of [[Armavir (ancient city)|Armavir]], the first capital of the later [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]].<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Zimansky |first=Paul |url=https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/saoc41.pdf |title=Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State |publisher=Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago |year=1985 |isbn=0-918986-41-9 |pages=94 |oclc=469553313}}</ref> Inscriptions belonging to the Urartian king Argishti I were found in [[Kepenek Castle]], located on a hill near [[Muş]].<ref name=": Haspetkalesi">{{Cite web |title=Tarihi Eserler |url=http://www.mus.bel.tr/tarihi-eserler |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=mus.bel.tr |language=tr}}</ref> |
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He was succeeded by his son [[Sarduri II]]. |
He was succeeded by his son [[Sarduri II]]. |
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Armen Petrosyan believe that the name ''Argishti'' has [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] etymology.<ref>Petrosyan, Armen. The Indo-european and ancient Near Eastern sources of the Armenian epic, 2002, Institute for the study of Man</ref> Compare Armenian արեգ (translit. ''areg'') – "sun deity", "sun", Phrygian ΑΡΕJΑΣΤΙΝ (translit. ''Areyastin'') - "epithet of the great mother" and Ancient Greek {{lang|grc|αργεστής}} "shining", "brilliant", "white", "bright". ''Ti'' (''Di'') meant "god" in [[proto-Armenian]] (compare with [[Classical Armenian]] ''Dik'''). |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927051425/http://loosavor.org/2006/10/erebuni_1.html Erebuni - Cuneiform Foundations] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927051425/http://loosavor.org/2006/10/erebuni_1.html Erebuni - Cuneiform Foundations] |
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{{Armenian kings}} |
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{{authority control}} |
{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Ancient Armenian people]] |
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[[Category:Kings of Urartu]] |
[[Category:Kings of Urartu]] |
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[[Category:8th-century BC monarchs]] |
[[Category:8th-century BC monarchs]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:30, 13 December 2024
| Argishti I | |
|---|---|
 | |
| King of Urartu | |
| Reign | 786–764 BC |
| Predecessor | Menua |
| Successor | Sarduri II |
| Born | c. 827 BC |
| Died | c. 764 BC |
| Issue | Sarduri II |
| Father | Menua |
| Mother | Tariria |
Argishti I, was the sixth known king of Urartu, reigning from 786 BC to 764 BC. He founded the citadel of Erebuni in 782 BC, which is the present capital of Armenia, Yerevan.[1] Alternate transliterations of the name include Argishtis, Argisti, Argišti, and Argishtish. Although the name is usually rendered as Argišti (read: Argishti), some scholars argue that Argisti is the most likely pronunciation. This is due to the belief that the Urartians used the cuneiform symbol š to voice an s-sound, as opposed to representing the digraph sh.[2]
A son and the successor of Menua, he continued the series of conquests initiated by his predecessors, apparently campaigning every year of his reign.[3] He was involved in a number of inconclusive conflicts with the Assyrian king Shalmaneser IV. He conquered the northern part of Syria and made Urartu the most powerful state in post-Hittite Asia Minor. He also expanded his kingdom north to Lake Sevan, conquering much of Diauehi and the Ararat Valley.[4] After an uprising by the inhabitants of the newly conquered regions, Argishti deported them and repopulated the area with subjects from other parts of his empire.[5] In those territories, Argishti built Erebuni Fortress in 782 BC, settling it with 6,600 prisoners of war from Hatti and Supani.[5][6] He also founded the fortress of Argishtikhinili in 776 BC, on the site of Armavir, the first capital of the later Kingdom of Armenia.[7] Inscriptions belonging to the Urartian king Argishti I were found in Kepenek Castle, located on a hill near Muş.[8]
He was succeeded by his son Sarduri II.
Armen Petrosyan believe that the name Argishti has Indo-European etymology.[9] Compare Armenian արեգ (translit. areg) – "sun deity", "sun", Phrygian ΑΡΕJΑΣΤΙΝ (translit. Areyastin) - "epithet of the great mother" and Ancient Greek αργεστής "shining", "brilliant", "white", "bright". Ti (Di) meant "god" in proto-Armenian (compare with Classical Armenian Dik').
See also
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References
- ^ Burney, Charles Allen (2004). Historical Dictionary of the Hittites. Scarecrow Press. p. 187. ISBN 9780810865648.
- ^ Zimansky, Paul (2011). "Urartian and the Urartians". In Steadman, Sharon R.; McMahon, Gregory (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia. Oxford University Press. p. 554. ISBN 9780195376142.
- ^ Zimansky, Paul (1985). Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State (PDF). Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. p. 54. ISBN 0-918986-41-9. OCLC 469553313.
- ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994). The Making of the Georgian Nation. Indiana University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0253209153.
- ^ a b Adam T. Smith. The Political Landscape: Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities. University of California Press. 2003. [1]
- ^ Hovhannisyan, K. (1978). "Ērebuni". In Hambardzumyan, Viktor (ed.). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia (in Armenian). Vol. 4. Yerevan. pp. 90–91.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Zimansky, Paul (1985). Ecology and Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State (PDF). Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. p. 94. ISBN 0-918986-41-9. OCLC 469553313.
- ^ "Tarihi Eserler". mus.bel.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-04-25.
- ^ Petrosyan, Armen. The Indo-european and ancient Near Eastern sources of the Armenian epic, 2002, Institute for the study of Man
Further reading
- N. Adontz, Histoire d'Arménie. Les origines, Paris, 1946
External links
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