Islam in Montenegro: Difference between revisions

Islam in Montenegro
Total population
	124,668 (2023)
Regions with significant populations
	Largest concentrations in the northeastern municipalities Bijelo Polje, Petnjica, Rožaje, Gusinje and Plav and southeastern municipalities Ulcinj, Bar and Tuzi.
Religions
	Sunni Islam
Languages
	Montenegrin, Bosnian, Albanian and Roma

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Islam in Montenegro refers to adherents, communities and religious institutions of Islam in Montenegro. It is the second largest religion in the country, after Christianity. According to the 2011 census, Montenegro's 118,477 Muslims make up 19.11% of the total population.^[2] Montenegro's Muslims belong mostly to the Sunni branch. In 2023, Montenegro's 124,668 Muslims made up 19.99% of the total population.

History

In the 15th century the Montenegrin ruler Ivan Crnojević (1465–1490) was at war with the infiltrating Venetians. Unable to maintain war on both fronts, the Ottoman Empire had conquered much of Montenegro's territory and introduced Islam. Ivan's third son Staniša Crnojević was the first prominent Montenegrin of the Muslim faith.

Staniša Crnojević took up the name Skenderbeg Crnojević and ruled from his capital in Shköder from 1513 to 1530. He is well known as one of the most prominent Muslim administrators of Slavic origin in the northern reaches of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Selim I. Staniša Crnojević is known to have commanded an army of approximately 3000 Akıncı. He also maintained a correspondence with neighboring contemporaries, such as Gazi Husrev-beg.

Twenty-first century

The Muslims of Montenegro are mostly Bosniaks and Albanians by ethnicity, but also some are declared as ethnic Muslims and Montenegrins. The adherents of Islam in Montenegro can be mostly found in the Sandžak region in northeastern Montenegro and the municipalities of Bar, Tuzi and Ulcinj. Bosniaks have a similar ethnic background to ethnic Muslims, but differ in ideology of what ethnicity they belong to.^[3] There are 13 established Councils of the Islamic Community in Montenegro, which include Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Dinoša, Gusinje, Ostros, Petnjica, Plav, Pljevlja, Rožaje, Tuzi, Ulcinj and Podgorica. Montenegro has 145 active mosques in the country.^[4]

Demographics

Adherents of Islam in Montenegro, according to the 2011 census

According to the 2011 census, there are 118,477 adherents of Islam in Montenegro.

The ethnic composition of Muslims (adherents of Islam) in Montenegro:^[5]

54,453 Bosniaks
22,267 Albanians
20,270 Muslims (distinctive ethnic group)
12,758 Montenegrins
5,034 Roma
2,003 Egyptians (distinctive ethnic group)
256 Muslims/Montenigrins
195 Gorani
172 Montenigrins/Muslims
169 Bosnians
101 Turks
others (under 100 members per community) and ethnically undeclared

Geographical distribution

There are large regional differences in the distribution of the Muslim population. The Rožaje Municipality, for example, is almost exclusively inhabited by adherents of Islam, while there are no Muslims living in the Plužine Municipality.

Municipality	Population (2011 census) ^[6]	Islam/Muslim (%)
Rožaje Municipality	22,964	94.95
Plav Municipality	13,108	76.64
Ulcinj Municipality	19,921	71.82
Bijelo Polje Municipality	46,051	46.18
Bar Municipality	42,048	30.14
Berane Municipality	33,970	27.97
Pljevlja Municipality	30,786	16.37
Podgorica Municipality	185,937	11.23
Tivat Municipality	14,031	5.10
Budva Municipality	19,218	3.40
Herceg Novi Municipality	30,864	2.01
Kotor Municipality	22,601	1.66
Danilovgrad Municipality	18,472	1.41
Nikšić Municipality	72,443	1.39
Cetinje Municipality	16,657	0.76
Šavnik Municipality	2,070	0.58
Kolašin Municipality	8,380	0.55
Mojkovac Municipality	8,622	0.29
Andrijevica Municipality	5,071	0.16
Žabljak Municipality	3,569	0.14
Plužine Municipality	3,246	0.00
Montenegro	620,029	19.11%

Gallery

Sultan Murat II mosque in Rožaje
Kučanska Mosque in Rožaje
Mosque in Pljevlja
Sailors' Mosque in Ulcinj

References

^ "Muslim Population Growth in Europe Pew Research Center". 2024-07-10. Archived from the original on 2024-07-10.
^ "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011" (PDF). Monstat. pp. 14, 15. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
^ Dimitrova 2001, p. 94-108.
^ "U Crnoj Gori ima više od 140 džamija". RTCG - Radio Televizija Crne Gore - Nacionalni javni servis (in Bosnian). Retrieved 2023-12-06.
^ Statistical Office of Montenegro: Population by ethnicity and religion (2011)
^ Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
-{{Refimprove|date=October 2009}}
 {{infobox religious group
 | group      = Islam in Montenegro
-| population =  130,000&nbsp;(2020)
+| population =  124,668&nbsp;(2023)
-| regions    = Largest concentrations in the northeastern municipalities [[Bijelo Polje Municipality|Bijelo Polje]], [[Petnjica Municipality|Petnjica]], [[Rožaje Municipality|Rožaje]], [[Gusinje Municipality|Gusinje]] and [[Plav Municipality|Plav]] and southeastern municipalities [[Ulcinj Municipality|Ulcinj]], [[Bar Municipality|Bar]] and [[Tuzi]].
+| regions    = Largest concentrations in the northeastern municipalities [[Bijelo Polje Municipality|Bijelo Polje]], [[Petnjica Municipality|Petnjica]], [[Rožaje Municipality|Rožaje]], [[Gusinje Municipality|Gusinje]] and [[Plav Municipality|Plav]] and southeastern municipalities [[Ulcinj Municipality|Ulcinj]], [[Bar Municipality|Bar]] and [[Tuzi Municipality|Tuzi]].
-| religions  = [[Islam]], [[Sunni]], Shia
+| religions  = [[Sunni Islam]]
 | languages  = [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]] and [[Roma language|Roma]]
+}}{{Islam by country}}{{Islam in Europe by country}}
-}}
+'''Islam in Montenegro''' refers to adherents, communities and religious institutions of [[Islam]] in [[Montenegro]]. It is the second largest religion in the country, after [[Christianity in Montenegro|Christianity]]. According to the 2011 census, Montenegro's 118,477 Muslims make up 19.11% of the total population.<ref name="monstat 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje(1).pdf | title=Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011 | work=Monstat | access-date=October 16, 2016 | pages=14, 15}}</ref> Montenegro's Muslims belong mostly to the [[Sunni Muslim|Sunni]] branch. In 2023, Montenegro's 124,668 Muslims made up 19.99% of the total population.
-{{Islam by country}}
-'''Islam in Montenegro''' refers to adherents, communities and religious institutions of [[Islam]] in [[Montenegro]]. It is the second largest religion in the country, after [[Christianity in Montenegro|Christianity]]. According to the 2011 census, Montenegro's 118,477 Muslims make up 20% of the total population.<ref name="monstat 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje(1).pdf | title=Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011 | work=Monstat | access-date=October 16, 2016 | pages=14, 15}} For the purpose of the chart, the categories 'Islam' and 'Muslims' were merged.</ref> Montenegro's Muslims belong mostly to the [[Sunni Muslim|Sunni]] branch. According to the estimate by the Pew Research Center, Muslims have a population of 130,000 (20.3%) as of 2020.<ref><nowiki>{{cite web |url=</nowiki>https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/%7Ctitle=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050|date=April 2, 2015 |publisher=Pew Research Center|accessdate=26 October 2020|</ref>
 ==History==
-[[File:Pljevlja City-center Mosque.JPG|thumb|right|250px|[[Husein-paša's Mosque]] in [[Pljevlja]]]]
+[[File:Pljevlja City-center Mosque.JPG|thumb|right|280px|[[Husein-paša's Mosque]] in [[Pljevlja]]]]
-In the 15th century the Montenegrin ruler [[Ivan Crnojević]] (1465–1490) was at war with the infiltrating [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]]. Unable to maintain war on both fronts, the [[Ottoman Empire]] had conquered much of Montenegro's territory and introduced [[Islam]]. Ivan's third son [[Staniša Crnojević]] was the first prominent Montenegrin of the Muslim faith, and since then [[Islam]] was not an uncommon religion to the [[Crnojević]] Montenegrin ruling dynasty.
+In the 15th century the Montenegrin ruler [[Ivan Crnojević]] (1465–1490) was at war with the infiltrating [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]]. Unable to maintain war on both fronts, the [[Ottoman Empire]] had conquered much of Montenegro's territory and introduced [[Islam]]. Ivan's third son [[Skender-Bey Crnojević|Staniša Crnojević]] was the first prominent Montenegrin of the Muslim faith.
-Staniša Crnojević took up the name ''Skenderbeg Crnojević'' and ruled from his capital at [[Cetinje]]. He is well known as one of the most prominent Muslim administrators in the northern reaches of the Ottoman Empire of Slavic origins during the reign of [[Sultan]] [[Selim I]]. [[Staniša Crnojević]] is known to have commanded an army of approximately 3000 [[Akıncı]] he also maintained correspondence with neighboring contemporaries such as [[Gazi Husrev-beg]].
+Staniša Crnojević took up the name ''Skenderbeg Crnojević'' and ruled from his capital in [[Shkodër|Shköder]] from 1513 to 1530. He is well known as one of the most prominent Muslim administrators of Slavic origin in the northern reaches of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of [[Sultan]] [[Selim I]]. [[Skender-Bey Crnojević|Staniša Crnojević]] is known to have commanded an army of approximately 3000 [[Akinji|Akıncı]]. He also maintained a correspondence with neighboring contemporaries, such as [[Gazi Husrev Bey|Gazi Husrev-beg]].
 ==Twenty-first century==
-The [[Muslims]] of Montenegro are mostly [[Bosniaks]] and [[Albanians]] by ethnicity, but also some are declared as ethnic [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Muslims]] and [[Montenegrins (ethnic group)|Montenegrins]]. The adherents of Islam in Montenegro can be mostly found in the [[Sandžak]] region in Montenegro and [[Ulcinj]], [[Bar, Montenegro|Bar]] and [[Podgorica]]. Bosniaks have similar ethnic background with ethnic Muslims, but differ in ideology of what ethnicity they belong to.{{sfn|Dimitrova|2001|p=94-108}} In Montenegro are established 13 [[Islamic Community of Montenegro#Structure|Councils of Islamic Community]]: [[Podgorica]], Tuzi, Dinoša, [[Bar, Montenegro|Bar]], Ostros, Ulcinj, Pljevlja, [[Bijelo Polje]], [[Berane]], [[Petnjica]], [[Rožaje]], [[Plav, Montenegro|Plav]] and [[Gusinje]].
+The [[Muslims]] of Montenegro are mostly [[Bosniaks]] and [[Albanians]] by ethnicity, but also some are declared as ethnic [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Muslims]] and [[Montenegrins]]. The adherents of Islam in Montenegro can be mostly found in the [[Sandžak]] region in northeastern Montenegro and the municipalities of [[Bar Municipality|Bar]], [[Tuzi Municipality|Tuzi]] and [[Ulcinj Municipality|Ulcinj]]. Bosniaks have a similar ethnic background to ethnic Muslims, but differ in ideology of what ethnicity they belong to.{{sfn|Dimitrova|2001|p=94-108}} There are 13 established [[Islamic Community of Montenegro#Structure|Councils of the Islamic Community]] in Montenegro, which include [[Bar, Montenegro|Bar]], [[Berane]], [[Bijelo Polje]], [[Dinoša]], [[Gusinje]], [[Veliki Ostros|Ostros]], [[Petnjica]], [[Plav, Montenegro|Plav]], [[Pljevlja]], [[Rožaje]], [[Tuzi]], [[Ulcinj]] and [[Podgorica]]. Montenegro has 145 active mosques in the country.<ref name="RTCG - Radio Televizija Crne Gore - Nacionalni javni servis x865">{{cite web | title=U Crnoj Gori ima više od 140 džamija | website=RTCG - Radio Televizija Crne Gore - Nacionalni javni servis | url=https://rtcg.me/vijesti/drustvo/495366/u-crnoj-gori-ima-vise-od-140-dzamija.html | language=bs | access-date=2023-12-06}}</ref>
 ==Demographics==
-[[File:MontenegroReligion2011.PNG|thumb|right|250px|Religious groups in Montenegro, according to the 2011 census]]
+[[File:MontenegroIslam2011.PNG|thumb|right|280px|Adherents of Islam in Montenegro, according to the 2011 census]]
+{{Main|Demographic history of Montenegro}}
-[[File:MontenegroIslam2011.PNG|thumb|right|250px|Adherents of Islam in Montenegro, according to the 2011 census]]
+According to the 2011 [[census]], there are 118,477 adherents of Islam in Montenegro.
-{{Main|Demographics of Montenegro|Demographic history of Montenegro}}
-According to the 2011 [[census]], there are 118,477 adherents of Islam in Montenegro.
-Ethnic composition of Muslims (adherents of Islam) in Montenegro:<ref>[http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/podaci%20cg/nove/Tabela%20CG5.xls Statistical Office of Montenegro: Population by ethnicity and religion (2011)]</ref>
+The ethnic composition of Muslims (adherents of Islam) in Montenegro:<ref>[http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/podaci%20cg/nove/Tabela%20CG5.xls Statistical Office of Montenegro: Population by ethnicity and religion (2011)]</ref>
-* 53,453 [[Bosniaks of Montenegro|Bosniaks]]
+* 54,453 [[Bosniaks of Montenegro|Bosniaks]]
 * 22,267 [[Albanians in Montenegro|Albanians]]
 * 20,270 [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Muslims]] (distinctive ethnic group)
-* 12,758 [[Montenegrins (ethnic group)|Montenegrins]]
+* 12,758 [[Montenegrins]]
 * 5,034 [[Romani people in Montenegro|Roma]]
 * 2,003 [[Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians|Egyptians]] (distinctive ethnic group)
 * 256 Muslims/Montenigrins
 * 195 [[Gorani people|Gorani]]
-* 183 Muslims/Bosniaks
-* 181 Bosniaks/Muslims
 * 172 Montenigrins/Muslims
 * 169 [[Bosnians]]
 * 101 [[Turks in Montenegro|Turks]]
 * others (under 100 members per community) and ethnically undeclared
 ===Geographical distribution===
+There are large regional differences in the distribution of the Muslim population. The [[Rožaje Municipality]], for example, is almost exclusively inhabited by adherents of Islam, while there are no Muslims living in the [[Plužine Municipality]].
-{{Islam in Europe by country}}
-There are large regional differences in the distribution Muslim population. [[Rožaje Municipality]], for example, is almost exclusively inhabited by adherents of Islam, while there are zero Muslims living in [[Plužine Municipality]].
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
-|- bgcolor=#ACE1AF
 ! Municipality
 ! {{longitem |Population<br/>{{nobold|{{smaller|(2011 census)<br/><ref>[https://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje(1).pdf Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011]</ref>}}}} }}
@@ Line 99: / Line 92: @@
 <gallery>
 File:Rozaje mosque Sultan Murat II.JPG|Sultan Murat II mosque in [[Rožaje]]
-File:Pljevlja Mosque 2.JPG|Pljevlja Mosque
+File:Kucanska dzamija.jpg|[[Kučanska Mosque]] in Rožaje
-File:Muslim woman in Dulcigno.jpg|Muslim woman in [[Ulcinj]], 1890s
+File:Pljevlja Mosque 2.JPG|Mosque in [[Pljevlja]]
+File:Czarnogóra Ulcinj - panoramio.jpg|[[Sailors' Mosque]] in [[Ulcinj]]
 </gallery>
@@ Line 108: / Line 102: @@
 ==References==
-{{Reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|3}}
 ==Further reading==
+{{commons category}}
-{{refbegin|2}}
 * {{Cite journal|last=Dimitrova|first=Bohdana|title=Bosniak or Muslim? Dilemma of one Nation with two Names|journal=Southeast European Politics|year=2001|volume=2|issue=2|pages=94–108|url=http://www.seep.ceu.hu/issue22/dimitrovova.pdf}}
 * {{Cite journal|last=Đečević|first=Mehmed|last2=Vuković-Ćalasan|first2=Danijela|last3=Knežević|first3=Saša|title=Re-designation of Ethnic Muslims as Bosniaks in Montenegro: Local Specificities and Dynamics of This Process|journal=East European Politics and Societies and Cultures|year=2017|volume=31|issue=1|pages=137–157|doi=10.1177/0888325416678042}}
 * {{Cite book|last=Kurpejović|first=Avdul|title=Ko smo mi Muslimani Crne Gore|year=2018|location=Podgorica|publisher=Matica muslimanska Crne Gore|url=http://maticamuslimanska.me/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ko-smo-mi-Muslimani-Crne-Gore.pdf}}
-{{refend}}
-==External links==
-*http://www.monteislam.com/
-*https://web.archive.org/web/20090416174648/http://www.seher-tuzi.org/
-*http://www.almanah.co.me/
-*http://www.savjetmuslimanacg.com
 {{Islam in Europe}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Islam In Montenegro}}
 [[Category:Islam in Montenegro| ]]
 [[Category:Islam by country|Montenegro]]
-{{Montenegro-stub}}
-{{Islam-country-stub}}

v t e Islam in Europe
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Early Modern	Reception of Islam in early modern Europe Protestantism and Islam Anglo-Moroccan alliance Ottoman wars in Europe Ottoman–Habsburg wars Barbary pirates Barbary slave trade Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina Russo-Turkish wars Islamization of Albania Orientalism in early modern France
Modern	Islam in the Far North Orientalism Islam and modernity Islam in the USSR Partition of the Ottoman Empire Nazi Germany and the Arab world Islam and secularism Islamic democracy
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