Ludlow Epoch: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|3rd series of the Silurian}} |
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#REDIRECT [[Silurian#Ludlow]] |
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{{Infobox geologic timespan |
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| name = Ludlow |
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| color = Ludlow |
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| time_start = 427.4 |
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| time_start_uncertainty = 0.5 |
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| time_end = 423.0 |
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| time_end_uncertainty = 2.3 |
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| image_map = Mollweide Paleographic Map of Earth, 425 Ma (Ludfordian Age).png |
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| caption_map = A map of Earth as it appeared 425 million years ago during the Ludlow Epoch, Ludfordian Age |
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| image_outcrop = |
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| caption_outcrop = |
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| image_art = |
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| caption_art = |
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<!--Chronology--> |
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| timeline = Silurian |
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<!--Etymology--> |
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| name_formality = Formal |
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| name_accept_date = 1980<ref name="silurianState">{{cite journal |last1=Holland |first1=C. |title=The State of Silurian Stratigraphy |journal=Episodes |date=1982 |volume=1982 |issue=3 |pages=21–23 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/1982/v5i3/004 |url=https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/sheinwoodian-ludfordian.pdf |access-date=11 December 2020|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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| alternate_spellings = |
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| synonym1 = |
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| synonym1_coined = |
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| synonym2 = |
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| synonym2_coined = |
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| synonym3 = |
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| synonym3_coined = |
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| nicknames = |
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| former_names = |
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| proposed_names = |
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<!--Usage Information--> |
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| celestial_body = earth |
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| usage = Global ([[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]]) |
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| timescales_used = ICS Time Scale |
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| formerly_used_by = |
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| not_used_by = |
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<!--Definition--> |
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| chrono_unit = Epoch |
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| strat_unit = Series |
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| proposed_by = |
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| timespan_formality = Formal |
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| lower_boundary_def = [[First appearance datum|FAD]] of the [[Graptolite]] ''[[Saetograptus|Saetograptus (Colonograptus) varians]]'' |
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| lower_gssp_location = [[Pitch Coppice]], [[Ludlow]], [[United Kingdom|U.K.]] |
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| lower_gssp_coords = {{Coord|52.3592|N|2.7772|W|display=inline}} |
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| lower_gssp_accept_date = 1980<ref name="silurianState"/> |
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| upper_boundary_def = FAD of the Graptolite ''[[Monograptus|Monograptus parultimus]]''. |
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| upper_gssp_location = [[Požáry Section]], [[Prague]]-[[Řeporyje]], [[Czech Republic]] |
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| upper_gssp_coords = {{Coord|50.0277|N|14.3249|E|display=inline}} |
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| upper_gssp_accept_date = 1984<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lucas |first1=Sepncer |title=The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |date=6 November 2018 |volume=6 |page=191 |doi=10.3389/feart.2018.00191 |bibcode=2018FrEaS...6..191L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holland |first1=C. |title=Series and Stages of the Silurian System |journal=Episodes |date=June 1985 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=101–103 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005 |url=https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Silurian1.pdf |access-date=11 December 2020|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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<!--Atmospheric and Climatic Data--> |
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| o2 = |
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| co2 = |
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| temp = |
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| sea_level = |
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}} |
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In the [[geological timescale]], the '''Ludlow Epoch''' (from 427.4 ± 0.5 million years ago to 423.0 ± 2.3 million years ago) occurred during the [[Silurian]] Period, after the end of the [[Homerian]] Age. It is named for the town of [[Ludlow]] in [[Shropshire]], [[England]]. |
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The Ludlow Epoch is subdivided into two stages: [[Gorstian]] and [[Ludfordian]]. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Ludlow Group]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Silurian footer}} |
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{{Geological history|p|p}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Silurian geochronology|*03]] |
[[Category:Silurian geochronology|*03]] |
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[[Category:Geological epochs]] |
[[Category:Geological epochs]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{silurian-stub}} |
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{{geochronology-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 15:04, 13 December 2024
| Ludlow | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.png) A map of Earth as it appeared 425 million years ago during the Ludlow Epoch, Ludfordian Age | |||||||||||||
| Chronology | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Etymology | |||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Name ratified | 1980[4] | ||||||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Epoch | ||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Series | ||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | FAD of the Graptolite Saetograptus (Colonograptus) varians | ||||||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Pitch Coppice, Ludlow, U.K. 52°21′33″N 2°46′38″W / 52.3592°N 2.7772°W | ||||||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | 1980[4] | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | FAD of the Graptolite Monograptus parultimus. | ||||||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP | Požáry Section, Prague-Řeporyje, Czech Republic 50°01′40″N 14°19′30″E / 50.0277°N 14.3249°E | ||||||||||||
| Upper GSSP ratified | 1984[5][6] | ||||||||||||
In the geological timescale, the Ludlow Epoch (from 427.4 ± 0.5 million years ago to 423.0 ± 2.3 million years ago) occurred during the Silurian Period, after the end of the Homerian Age. It is named for the town of Ludlow in Shropshire, England.
The Ludlow Epoch is subdivided into two stages: Gorstian and Ludfordian.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
- ^ Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
- ^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
- ^ a b Holland, C. (1982). "The State of Silurian Stratigraphy" (PDF). Episodes. 1982 (3): 21–23. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1982/v5i3/004. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
- ^ Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018). "The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review". Frontiers in Earth Science. 6: 191. Bibcode:2018FrEaS...6..191L. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191.
- ^ Holland, C. (June 1985). "Series and Stages of the Silurian System" (PDF). Episodes. 8 (2): 101–103. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
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