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{{short description|Traditional Japanese hat}}
{{short description|Traditional Japanese hat}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Japanese words and phrases]]}}
{{Italic title}}
[[Image:Gifujyou5834.JPG|thumb|right|300px|This display case at [[Gifu Castle]] shows many {{transl|ja|kasa}} of the type known as {{transl|ja|jingasa}}.]]
[[Image:Gifujyou5834.JPG|thumb|right|300px|This display case at [[Gifu Castle]] shows many {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} of the type known as {{transliteration|ja|jingasa}}.]]
A {{nihongo||{{linktext|笠}}|'''kasa'''}} is a term used for any one of several traditional [[Japan|Japanese]] hats.<ref>[http://traditionscustoms.com/traditional-fashion/kasa-traditional-japanese-hats ''Kasa hat''] Retrieved 03-19-2016</ref> These include {{transl|ja|amigasa}} and {{transl|ja|jingasa}}.
A {{nihongo||{{linktext|笠}}|'''kasa'''}} is any one of several traditional [[Japan|Japanese]] hats.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Popovic |first1=Mislav |title=Kasa – traditional Japanese hats |url=http://traditionscustoms.com/traditional-fashion/kasa-traditional-japanese-hats |website=traditionscustoms.com |access-date=19 March 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160319211614/http://traditionscustoms.com/traditional-fashion/kasa-traditional-japanese-hats |archive-date=19 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> These include {{transliteration|ja|amigasa}} and {{transliteration|ja|jingasa}}.


== Grammar and etymology==
== Grammar and etymology==
{{transl|ja|'Kasa'}} is the correct way to pronounce the word when it stands alone. Note that {{transl|ja|[[rendaku]]}} causes {{transl|ja|"kasa"}} to change to {{transl|ja|"-gasa"}} when it is preceded by another word specifying the type of hat, as in {{transl|ja|jingasa}}.
{{transliteration|ja|Kasa}} is the correct way to pronounce the word when it stands alone. {{transliteration|ja|[[Rendaku]]}} causes {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} to change to {{transliteration|ja|-gasa}} when it is preceded by another word specifying the type of hat, as in {{transliteration|ja|jingasa}}.


{{transl|ja|Kasa}} shares its etymology with the Japanese word for "umbrella" (also pronounced {{transl|ja|kasa}}, but written as {{lang|ja|{{linktext|傘}}}}).
{{transliteration|ja|Kasa}} shares its etymology with the Japanese word for "umbrella" (also pronounced {{transliteration|ja|kasa}}, but written as {{lang|ja|{{linktext|傘}}}}).


==Types of {{transl|ja|kasa}}==
==Types of {{transliteration|ja|kasa}}==
[[File:Nirayama jingasa.JPG|thumb|Antique Japanese samurai leather {{transl|ja|jingasa}} (war hat) in the {{transl|ja|nirayama}} style.]]
[[File:Nirayama jingasa.JPG|thumb|Antique Japanese samurai leather {{transliteration|ja|jingasa}} (war hat) in the {{transliteration|ja|nirayama}} style.]]
A number of different styles of {{transl|ja|kasa}} exist.<!--Historically, almost all hats were painted in Japan, typically black, and these were used by low-ranking [[samurai]].-->Varieties of {{transl|ja|kasa}} were used throughout most all levels of Japanese society.
A number of different styles of {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} exist.<!--Historically, almost all hats were painted in Japan, typically black, and these were used by low-ranking [[samurai]].--> Varieties of {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} were used throughout most all levels of Japanese society.


Some types of {{transl|ja|kasa}} include:
Some types of {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} include:


* {{transl|ja|Ajirogasa}}: a wickerwork {{transl|ja|kasa}} made of shaven bamboo or wood.
* {{nihongo||網代笠|Ajirogasa}}: a wickerwork {{transl|ja|kasa}} made of shaven bamboo or wood.
* {{transl|ja|Amigasa}}: a wickerwork {{transl|ja|kasa}}. An {{transl|ja|amigasa}} is a straw hat of the type traditionally worn in some Japanese folk dances.
* {{nihongo||編み笠|Amigasa}}: a wickerwork {{transliteration|ja|kasa}}. An {{transliteration|ja|amigasa}} is a straw hat of the type traditionally worn in some Japanese folk dances.
* {{transl|ja|Fukāmigasa}}: a deep wickerwork {{transl|ja|kasa}}.
* {{nihongo||深編み笠|Fukaamigasa}}: a deep wickerwork {{transliteration|ja|kasa}}.
* {{transl|ja|Jingasa}} ("war hat"): a type of {{transl|ja|kasa}} commonly worn by samurai and {{transl|ja|[[ashigaru]]}} (foot soldiers). The samurai class in feudal Japan, as well as their retainers and footsoldiers, used several types of {{transl|ja|jingasa}} made from [[iron]], [[copper]], [[wood]], [[paper]], [[bamboo]], or [[leather]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Tanaka|first=Fumon|author-link=Fumon Tanaka|title=Samurai Fighting Arts: The Spirit and the Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBWasQSsb-UC&pg=PA46|year=2003|publisher=Kodansha International|isbn=978-4-7700-2898-3|page=46}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ratti|first1=Oscar|last2=Westbrook|first2=Adele|title=Secrets of the Samurai; A Survey of the Martial Arts of Feudal Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9lmmkvQOpoC&pg=PA219|year=1991|publisher=C. E. Tuttle|isbn=978-0-8048-1684-7|page=219}}</ref> {{transl|ja|Jingasa}} almost always had [[mon (emblem)|crests]] on them.
* {{nihongo||陣笠|Jingasa}}: a type of {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} commonly worn by samurai and foot soldiers. The samurai class in feudal Japan, as well as their retainers and footsoldiers, used several types of {{transliteration|ja|jingasa}} made from [[iron]], [[copper]], [[wood]], [[paper]], [[bamboo]], or [[leather]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Tanaka|first=Fumon|author-link=Fumon Tanaka|title=Samurai Fighting Arts: The Spirit and the Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBWasQSsb-UC&pg=PA46|year=2003|publisher=Kodansha International|isbn=978-4-7700-2898-3|page=46}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ratti|first1=Oscar|last2=Westbrook|first2=Adele|title=Secrets of the Samurai; A Survey of the Martial Arts of Feudal Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9lmmkvQOpoC&pg=PA219|year=1991|publisher=C. E. Tuttle|isbn=978-0-8048-1684-7|page=219}}</ref> {{transliteration|ja|Jingasa}} almost always had [[mon (emblem)|crests]] on them.
* {{transl|ja|Roningasa}}: typically a conical {{transl|ja|amigasa}} with a flat top, often worn by {{transl|ja|[[rōnin]]}}.
* {{nihongo||浪人笠|Rōningasa}}: typically a conical {{transliteration|ja|amigasa}} with a flat top, often worn by {{transliteration|ja|[[rōnin]]}}.
* {{nihongo||三度笠|Sandogasa}}: a bamboo {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} for traveling with a wide, flat shape that offered protection from the sun and rain. Favored by {{transliteration|ja|sando hikyaku}}, couriers who regularly traveled between Edo and Kyoto.
* {{transl|ja|Sandogasa}}: a {{transl|ja|kasa}} for travelling.
* {{nihongo||菅笠|Sugegasa}}: a conical, pointed wickerwork {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} made of sedge. This hat shape is called a [[nón lá]] in Vietnam or ''do'un'' in Cambodia.
* {{transl|ja|Sugegasa}}: (see [[Asian conical hat]])
* {{transl|ja|Takuhatsugasa}}: a Buddhist mendicant's {{transl|ja|kasa}}. A woven rice-straw {{transl|ja|kasa}} worn by mendicant [[bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]], the {{transl|ja|takuhatsugasa}} is made overlarge and in a bowl or mushroom shape. Unlike an Asian conical hat, it does not come to a point, nor does it ride high on the head like a [[samurai]]'s traveling hat, instead covering the upper half to two-thirds of the face, masking the identity of the monk and allowing him to travel undistracted on his journey.
* {{nihongo||托鉢笠|Takuhatsugasa}}: a Buddhist mendicant's {{transliteration|ja|kasa}}. A woven rice-straw {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} worn by mendicant [[bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]], the {{transliteration|ja|takuhatsugasa}} is made overlarge and in a bowl or mushroom shape. Unlike an Asian conical hat, it does not come to a point, nor does it ride high on the head like a [[samurai]]'s traveling hat, instead covering the upper half to two-thirds of the face, masking the identity of the monk and allowing him to travel undistracted on his journey.
* {{transl|ja|Tengai}}: (see [[Komusō|Komusō Monk]])
* {{nihongo||天蓋|Tengai}}: (see {{transliteration|ja|[[komusō]]}})
* {{transl|ja|Torioigasa}}: a folded {{transl|ja|kasa}}, famously worn for the [[Awa Dance Festival]].
* {{nihongo||鳥追笠|Torioigasa}}: a folded {{transliteration|ja|kasa}}, famously worn for the [[Awa Dance Festival]].
* {{transl|ja|Yagyūgasa}}: the family crest of [[Yagyū clan]], not an actual kind of {{transl|ja|kasa}}.
* {{nihongo||柳生笠|Yagyūgasa}}: the family crest of [[Yagyū clan]], not an actual kind of {{transliteration|ja|kasa}}.


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Japanese buddhist monk hat by Arashiyama cut.jpg|A Buddhist monk wearing a {{transl|ja|takuhatsugasa}}.
Image:Japanese buddhist monk hat by Arashiyama cut.jpg|A Buddhist monk wearing a {{transliteration|ja|takuhatsugasa}}.
Image:A begging criminal-J. M. W. Silver.jpg|The hat in this print is a {{transl|ja|fukāmigasa}} of the sort known as {{nihongo||天蓋|tengai}}, worn by {{transl|ja|[[komusō]]}}, mendicant monks of [[Fuke Zen]].
Image:A begging criminal-J. M. W. Silver.jpg|The hat in this print is a {{transliteration|ja|fukāmigasa}} of the sort known as {{nihongo||天蓋|tengai}}, worn by {{transliteration|ja|[[komusō]]}}, mendicant monks of [[Fuke Zen]].
Image:Awaod001.jpg|These women at the [[Awa Dance Festival]] wear the characteristic {{transl|ja|kasa}} of the dance.
Image:Awaod001.jpg|These women at the [[Awa Dance Festival]] wear the characteristic {{transliteration|ja|kasa}} of the dance.
Image:Return of the Samurai 14.JPG|Various {{transl|ja|jingasa}} from the ''Return of the Samurai'' exhibition of Samurai art and artifacts, held in the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Canada in 2010.
Image:Return of the Samurai 14.JPG|Various {{transliteration|ja|jingasa}} from the ''Return of the Samurai'' exhibition of Samurai art and artifacts, held in the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Canada in 2010.
Image:50番繁多寺前で托鉢する遍路P1010122.jpg|A Buddhist pilgrim begging for alms outside a Buddhist temple.
Image:50番繁多寺前で托鉢する遍路P1010122.jpg|A Buddhist pilgrim asking for alms outside a Buddhist temple.
</gallery>
</gallery>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* {{transl|ja|[[Yatarō gasa]]}} ("Yataro’s Travel Hat"), a 1957 film by Kazuo Mori
* {{transliteration|ja|[[Yatarō gasa]]}} ("Yataro's Travel Hat"), a 1957 film by Kazuo Mori
* [[Salakot]]
* [[Salakot]]
* [[Asian conical hat]]
* [[Asian conical hat]]
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[[Category:Hats]]
[[Category:Hats]]
[[Category:Japanese headgear]]
[[Category:Japanese headgear]]
[[Category:Headgear]]
[[Category:Samurai weapons and equipment]]
[[Category:Samurai weapons and equipment]]
[[Category:Japanese words and phrases]]

Latest revision as of 19:58, 13 December 2024

This display case at Gifu Castle shows many kasa of the type known as jingasa.

A kasa (笠) is any one of several traditional Japanese hats.[1] These include amigasa and jingasa.

Grammar and etymology

[edit]

Kasa is the correct way to pronounce the word when it stands alone. Rendaku causes kasa to change to -gasa when it is preceded by another word specifying the type of hat, as in jingasa.

Kasa shares its etymology with the Japanese word for "umbrella" (also pronounced kasa, but written as 傘).

Types of kasa

[edit]
Antique Japanese samurai leather jingasa (war hat) in the nirayama style.

A number of different styles of kasa exist. Varieties of kasa were used throughout most all levels of Japanese society.

Some types of kasa include:

  • Ajirogasa (網代笠): a wickerwork kasa made of shaven bamboo or wood.
  • Amigasa (編み笠): a wickerwork kasa. An amigasa is a straw hat of the type traditionally worn in some Japanese folk dances.
  • Fukaamigasa (深編み笠): a deep wickerwork kasa.
  • Jingasa (陣笠): a type of kasa commonly worn by samurai and foot soldiers. The samurai class in feudal Japan, as well as their retainers and footsoldiers, used several types of jingasa made from iron, copper, wood, paper, bamboo, or leather.[2][3] Jingasa almost always had crests on them.
  • Rōningasa (浪人笠): typically a conical amigasa with a flat top, often worn by rōnin.
  • Sandogasa (三度笠): a bamboo kasa for traveling with a wide, flat shape that offered protection from the sun and rain. Favored by sando hikyaku, couriers who regularly traveled between Edo and Kyoto.
  • Sugegasa (菅笠): a conical, pointed wickerwork kasa made of sedge. This hat shape is called a nón lá in Vietnam or do'un in Cambodia.
  • Takuhatsugasa (托鉢笠): a Buddhist mendicant's kasa. A woven rice-straw kasa worn by mendicant Buddhist monks, the takuhatsugasa is made overlarge and in a bowl or mushroom shape. Unlike an Asian conical hat, it does not come to a point, nor does it ride high on the head like a samurai's traveling hat, instead covering the upper half to two-thirds of the face, masking the identity of the monk and allowing him to travel undistracted on his journey.
  • Tengai (天蓋): (see komusō)
  • Torioigasa (鳥追笠): a folded kasa, famously worn for the Awa Dance Festival.
  • Yagyūgasa (柳生笠): the family crest of Yagyū clan, not an actual kind of kasa.
[edit]
  • A Buddhist monk wearing a takuhatsugasa.
    A Buddhist monk wearing a takuhatsugasa.
  • The hat in this print is a fukāmigasa of the sort known as tengai (天蓋), worn by komusō, mendicant monks of Fuke Zen.
    The hat in this print is a fukāmigasa of the sort known as tengai (天蓋), worn by komusō, mendicant monks of Fuke Zen.
  • These women at the Awa Dance Festival wear the characteristic kasa of the dance.
    These women at the Awa Dance Festival wear the characteristic kasa of the dance.
  • Various jingasa from the Return of the Samurai exhibition of Samurai art and artifacts, held in the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Canada in 2010.
    Various jingasa from the Return of the Samurai exhibition of Samurai art and artifacts, held in the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Canada in 2010.
  • A Buddhist pilgrim asking for alms outside a Buddhist temple.
    A Buddhist pilgrim asking for alms outside a Buddhist temple.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Popovic, Mislav. "Kasa – traditional Japanese hats". traditionscustoms.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  2. ^ Tanaka, Fumon (2003). Samurai Fighting Arts: The Spirit and the Practice. Kodansha International. p. 46. ISBN 978-4-7700-2898-3.
  3. ^ Ratti, Oscar; Westbrook, Adele (1991). Secrets of the Samurai; A Survey of the Martial Arts of Feudal Japan. C. E. Tuttle. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-8048-1684-7.
[edit]
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