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{{Short description|Species of tortoise}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Spider tortoise
|name= Spider tortoise
| image = Spider tortoise (Pyxis arachnoides archnoides) Tsimanampetsotsa.jpg
|image=Pyxis arachnoides brygooi.jpg
⚫
|status=CR
| image_caption = ''P. a. archnoides''<br>[[Tsimanampetsotsa National Park]], Madagascar
⚫
|status_system=IUCN3.1
⚫
| status = CR
| status2 = CITES_A1
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2_system = CITES
⚫
| genus = Pyxis
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
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| species = arachnoides
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|genus=Pyxis
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| authority = [[Thomas Bell (zoologist)|Bell]], 1827
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|species=arachnoides
| synonyms =
⚫
|authority=[[Thomas Bell (zoologist)|Bell]], 1827
; ''[[Pyxis arachnoides arachnoides]]''
|synonyms=; ''[[Pyxis arachnoides arachnoides]]''
* ''Pyxis arachnoides'' <small>Bell, 1827</small>
* ''Pyxis arachnoides'' <small>Bell, 1827</small>
* ''Testudo (Pyxis) aranoides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small> ''([[ex errore]])''
* ''Testudo (Pyxis) aranoides'' <small>Gray, 1831</small> ''([[ex errore]])''
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* ''Pyxis arachnoides matzi'' <small>Bour, 1979</small>
* ''Pyxis arachnoides matzi'' <small>Bour, 1979</small>
* ''Pyxis arachnoides oblonga'' <small>Bour, 1985</small>
* ''Pyxis arachnoides oblonga'' <small>Bour, 1985</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Fritz 2007">{{Cite journal | journal = Vertebrate Zoology | title = Checklist of Chelonians of the World | year = 2007 | author = Fritz Uwe | author2 = Peter Havaš | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = 292–293 | issn = 1864-5755 | url = http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/851.pdf | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5v20ztMND?url=http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/851.pdf | archivedate = 2010-12-17 | accessdate = 29 May 2012 | deadurl = yes | df = }}</ref>
|synonyms_ref=<ref name="Fritz 2007">{{Cite journal |journal=Vertebrate Zoology |title=Checklist of Chelonians of the World |year=2007 |author=Fritz Uwe |author2=Peter Havaš |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=292–293 |doi=10.3897/vz.57.e30895 |doi-access=free |issn=1864-5755 }}</ref>
|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Leuteritz, T. |author2=Walker, R. |date=2020 |title=''Pyxis arachnoides'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T19035A177075588 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19035A177075588.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''spider tortoise''' (''Pyxis arachnoides'') is a [[species]] of [[tortoise]] in the family [[Testudinidae]].
The '''spider tortoise''' ('''''Pyxis arachnoides''''') is a [[species]] of [[tortoise]] in the family [[Testudinidae]] that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Madagascar]] and is one of only two species in the [[genus]] ''[[Pyxis_(turtle)|Pyxis]]''.<ref name="GnV07">{{cite book|last1=Glaw|first1=Frank|last2=Vences|first2=Miguel|title=A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar|date=2007|publisher=Vences & Glaw Verlags|location=Cologne, Germany|isbn=978-3929449037|edition=3rd}}</ref>


==Habitat==
It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Madagascar]] and is one of only two species in the [[genus]] ''Pyxis''.<ref name="GnV07">{{cite book|last1=Glaw|first1=Frank|last2=Vences|first2=Miguel|title=A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar|date=2007|publisher=Vences & Glaw Verlags|location=Cologne, Germany|isbn=978-3929449037|edition=3rd}}</ref>
The remaining tortoises are found only in south western [[Madagascar]], where they inhabit the spiny vegetation of the sandy coastal areas.


[[File:Spider tortoise 2014 11 08.ogv|thumb|thumbtime=1|left|Spider tortoise in captivity.]]
⚫
Very little is known about the life cycle of this endangered tortoise, which is believed to live for up to 70 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/19035/0|title=Pyxis arachnoides (Spider Tortoise)|website=www.iucnredlist.org|access-date=2017-12-06}}</ref> The remaining tortoises are found only in south western [[Madagascar]], where they inhabit the spiny vegetation of the sandy coastal areas. Here they feed on young leaves, insect larvae, and even the droppings of larger animals. When the wet season arrives, the dormancy period ends and they tortoises begin to mate. Females only lay one egg when they reproduce, and the egg is incubated for about 220-250 days.


==Life cycle and breeding==
⚫
Their trade is illegal in Madagascar, but they are extensively smuggled <ref>http://www.traffic.org/home/2011/7/27/malagasy-frontier-police-seize-indonesia-bound-shipment-of-w.html</ref> for food, body parts, and illegal pets.<ref>http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/19035/0</ref>
⚫
Very little is known about the life cycle of this endangered tortoise, which is believed to live for up to 70 years.<ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=Leuteritz, T. |author2=Walker, R. |year=2014 |title=''Pyxis arachnoides'' |volume=2014 |page=e.T19035A50987297 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19035A50987297.en |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> Here they feed on young leaves, insect larvae, and even the droppings of larger animals. When the wet season arrives, the dormancy period ends and the tortoises begin to mate. Females only lay one egg when they reproduce, and the egg is incubated for about 220–250 days. The largest threats the endangered tortoise faces are the pet trade, poaching for food, and habitat destruction.

==Conservation==
⚫
Their trade is illegal in Madagascar, but they are extensively smuggled<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.traffic.org/home/2011/7/27/malagasy-frontier-police-seize-indonesia-bound-shipment-of-w.html |title=Malagasy Frontier Police seize Indonesia-bound shipment of 'world's rarest' tortoises - Wildlife Trade News from TRAFFIC}}</ref> for food, body parts, and illegal pets.<ref name="iucn" />


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
7. Walker, Ryan C. “The decline of the critically endangered northern Madagascar spider tortoise (pyxis arachnoides brygooi).” Herpetologica, vol. 66, no. 4, Dec. 2010, pp. 411–417, https://doi.org/10.1655/09-047.1.
* {{IUCN|id=19035|taxon=''Pyxis arachnoides''|assessor=Leuteritz, T.|assessor2=Walker, R.|others=Madagascar Tortoise Freshwater Turtle Red List Workshop|last-assessor-amp=yes||assessment_year=2008|version=2013.2|accessdate=21 May 2014}}


{{Testudinidae}}
{{Testudinidae}}
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[[Category:Endemic fauna of Madagascar]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Madagascar]]
[[Category:Pyxis (genus)]]
[[Category:Pyxis (genus)]]
[[Category:Reptiles as pets]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1827]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1827]]
[[Category:Species endangered by the pet trade]]
[[Category:Species that are or were threatened by the pet trade]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Madagascar spiny thickets]]


{{Turtle-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:28, 14 December 2024

Spider tortoise
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Superfamily: Testudinoidea
Family: Testudinidae
Genus: Pyxis
Species:
P. arachnoides
Binomial name
Pyxis arachnoides
Bell, 1827
Synonyms[3]
Pyxis arachnoides arachnoides
  • Pyxis arachnoides Bell, 1827
  • Testudo (Pyxis) aranoides Gray, 1831 (ex errore)
  • Pyxis aranoides Gray, 1831
  • Pyxis madagascariensis Lesson, 1831
  • Testudo (Pyxis) arachnoides Fitzinger, 1835
  • Bellemys arachnoides Williams, 1950
  • Pyxis arachnoides arachnoides Bour, 1979
Pyxis arachnoides brygooi
  • Pyxoides brygooi Vuillemin & Domergue, 1972
  • Pyxis arachnoides brygooi Bour, 1979
Pyxis arachnoides oblonga
  • Pyxis arachnoides matzi Bour, 1979
  • Pyxis arachnoides oblonga Bour, 1985

The spider tortoise (Pyxis arachnoides) is a species of tortoise in the family Testudinidae that is endemic to Madagascar and is one of only two species in the genus Pyxis.[4]

Habitat

[edit]

The remaining tortoises are found only in south western Madagascar, where they inhabit the spiny vegetation of the sandy coastal areas.

Spider tortoise in captivity.

Life cycle and breeding

[edit]

Very little is known about the life cycle of this endangered tortoise, which is believed to live for up to 70 years.[5] Here they feed on young leaves, insect larvae, and even the droppings of larger animals. When the wet season arrives, the dormancy period ends and the tortoises begin to mate. Females only lay one egg when they reproduce, and the egg is incubated for about 220–250 days. The largest threats the endangered tortoise faces are the pet trade, poaching for food, and habitat destruction.

Conservation

[edit]

Their trade is illegal in Madagascar, but they are extensively smuggled[6] for food, body parts, and illegal pets.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Leuteritz, T.; Walker, R. (2020). "Pyxis arachnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19035A177075588. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19035A177075588.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World". Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 292–293. doi:10.3897/vz.57.e30895. ISSN 1864-5755.
  4. ^ Glaw, Frank; Vences, Miguel (2007). A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar (3rd ed.). Cologne, Germany: Vences & Glaw Verlags. ISBN 978-3929449037.
  5. ^ a b Leuteritz, T.; Walker, R. (2014). "Pyxis arachnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T19035A50987297. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19035A50987297.en. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  6. ^ "Malagasy Frontier Police seize Indonesia-bound shipment of 'world's rarest' tortoises - Wildlife Trade News from TRAFFIC".

7. Walker, Ryan C. “The decline of the critically endangered northern Madagascar spider tortoise (pyxis arachnoides brygooi).” Herpetologica, vol. 66, no. 4, Dec. 2010, pp. 411–417, https://doi.org/10.1655/09-047.1.

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