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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Myechyslaw Hryb
| name = Myechyslaw Hryb
| native_name = {{nobold|Мечыслаў Грыб}}<br />{{nobold|Мечислав Гриб}}
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|be|Мечыслаў Грыб}}}}<br />{{nobold|{{lang|ru|Мечислав Гриб}}}}
| image = Мечислав Гриб.png
| image = Мечислав Гриб.png
| caption = Hryb in 2015
| caption = Hryb in 2015
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}}
}}


'''Myechyslaw Ivanavich Hryb'''{{efn|{{lang-be|Мечыслаў Іванавіч Грыб}}, {{IPA-be|mʲɛt͡ʂɨsɫaw jivanavʲit͡ʂ ɣrɨb|}}, {{lang-ru|Мечислав Иванович Гриб}}, {{IPA-ru|mʲɪtɕɪˈsɫaf jɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ˈgrʲip|}}}} (born 25 September 1938) is a [[Belarus]]ian politician who was the eleventh [[Supreme Council of Belarus|Chairman of the Supreme Soviet]] of Belarus from 28 January 1994 to 10 January 1996. In his capacity as the head of state, Hryb adopted the first Constitution of Belarus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bdg.by/news/politics/32363.html|title=Мечислав Гриб: в Беларуси не исключен украинский сценарий|date=2015-01-19|work=БДГ Деловая газета|access-date=2018-04-16|language=ru}}</ref> He succeeded [[Stanislav Shushkevich]] and was [[head of state]] from 28 January to 20 July 1994 until [[Alexander Lukashenko]] replaced him in the new office called [[President of Belarus]], which became the new head of state office. He continued as a parliamentary [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]]. Hryb is now a politician in the opposition and a member of the Social-Democratic Party.<ref name=Slounik>{{cite web|title=Myechyslaw Hryb|url=http://slounik.org/80064.html|website=Slounik|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref>
'''Myechyslaw Ivanavich Hryb'''{{efn|{{langx|be|Мечыслаў Іванавіч Грыб}}, {{IPA|be|mʲɛt͡ʂɨˈslaw iˈvanavʲit͡ʂ ˈɣrɨp|IPA}}; {{langx|ru|Мечислав Иванович Гриб}}, {{IPA|ru|mʲɪtɕɪˈslaf ɨˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ˈɡrʲip|IPA}}.}} (born 25 September 1938) is a Belarusian politician who was the eleventh [[Supreme Council of Belarus|Chairman of the Supreme Soviet]] of Belarus from 28 January 1994 to 10 January 1996. In his capacity as the head of state, Hryb adopted the first Constitution of Belarus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bdg.by/news/politics/32363.html|title=Мечислав Гриб: в Беларуси не исключен украинский сценарий|date=2015-01-19|work=БДГ Деловая газета|access-date=2018-04-16|language=ru|archive-date=2018-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417023140/http://bdg.by/news/politics/32363.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He succeeded [[Stanislav Shushkevich]] and was [[head of state]] from 28 January to 20 July 1994 until [[Alexander Lukashenko]] replaced him in the new office called [[President of Belarus]], which became the new head of state office. He continued as a parliamentary [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]]. Hryb is now a politician in the opposition and a member of the Social-Democratic Party.<ref name=Slounik>{{cite web|title=Myechyslaw Hryb|url=http://slounik.org/80064.html|website=Slounik|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref>


==Early life and police career==
==Early life and police career==
Myechyslaw Hryb was born on September 25, 1938, in the village of Sawicze, then part of the [[Second Polish Republic]] (now the Dyatlovsky District of the [[Grodno Oblast]]), into a peasant family. A year later, World War II began, during which his father, Ivan, would die.
Myechyslaw Hryb was born on September 25, 1938, in the village of Sawicze, then part of the [[Second Polish Republic]] (now the Dyatlovsky District of the [[Grodno Oblast]]), into a peasant family. A year later, World War II began, during which his father, Ivan, would die.


He went to school in Dyatlovo and began working from the seventh grade, first digging peat, then as an auxiliary worker at a construction site.<ref>https://news.zerkalo.io/cellar/31163.html</ref>
He went to school in Dyatlovo and began working from the seventh grade, first digging peat, then as an auxiliary worker at a construction site.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.zerkalo.io/cellar/31163.html | title=Генерал милиции, поймавший опасного маньяка, и противник Лукашенко. Рассказываем о единственном живущем экс-руководителе Беларуси | date=29 January 2023 }}</ref>


In 1959 he graduated from the Lviv State University of Life Safety, and upon returning to Belarus, he worked as a fire inspector for three years and became interested in the investigation of fires and arson. He entered the Faculty of Law of the [[Belarusian State University]] in absentia. He served as a police inspector of the Internal Affairs Department of the Plissky District Executive Committee of the [[Vitebsk Region]]. From 1962 to 1981, he served in various law enforcement positions in Vitebsk. In 1967, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the [[Belarusian State University]].
In 1959 he graduated from the Lviv State University of Life Safety, and upon returning to Belarus, he worked as a fire inspector for three years and became interested in the investigation of fires and arson. He entered the Faculty of Law of the [[Belarusian State University]] in absentia. He served as a police inspector of the Internal Affairs Department of the Plissky District Executive Committee of the [[Vitebsk Region]]. From 1962 to 1981, he served in various law enforcement positions in Vitebsk. In 1967, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the [[Belarusian State University]].
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==Supreme Soviet==
==Supreme Soviet==
In 1990, Hryb took part in the parliamentary elections and won in his area. In the same year, he joined the Democratic Club, created in the Supreme Soviet by deputies who supported the building of democracy in Belarus. In parliament, Hryb headed the permanent Commission on National Security, Defense and Combating Crime, within which he lobbied in every possible way for Belarus to join the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization|Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)]], which drew the country into Russia's sphere of influence. In 1993, he was the first in the republic to receive the rank of major general of militia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-29 |title=Генерал милиции, поймавший опасного маньяка, и противник Лукашенко. Рассказываем о единственном живущем экс-руководителе Беларуси |url=https://news.zerkalo.io/cellar/31163.html |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=Зеркало |language=ru}}</ref>
In 1990, Hryb took part in the parliamentary elections and won in his area. In the same year, he joined the Democratic Club, created in the Supreme Soviet by deputies who supported the building of democracy in Belarus. In parliament, Hryb headed the permanent Commission on National Security, Defense and Combating Crime, within which he lobbied in every possible way for Belarus to join the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization|Collective Security Treaty within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States]], which drew the country into Russia's sphere of influence. In 1993, he was the first in the republic to receive the rank of major general of militia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-29 |title=Генерал милиции, поймавший опасного маньяка, и противник Лукашенко. Рассказываем о единственном живущем экс-руководителе Беларуси |url=https://news.zerkalo.io/cellar/31163.html |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=Зеркало |language=ru}}</ref> According to the information from the depository of the international agreement published on the Unified Register of Legal Acts and Other Documents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (under the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States), Belarus officially notified its accession to the Collective Security Treaty on 31 December 1993 when Stanislav Shushkevich was still the head of state.<ref>https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/doc/79#documentCard {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>

On 15 April 1994, Hryb, as head of state and ex officio member of the [[Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of Independent States]], on behalf of Belarus signed the [[Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement on the Establishment of a Free Trade Area|Agreement on the creation of a free trade area]] as "the first stage of the creation of the Economic Union"<ref>https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/doc/321#text {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> (which is still as of 2024 used by Belarus for foreign trade, in particular, with Azerbaijan and Georgia<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mfa.gov.by/export/traderegimes | title=Торговые режимы - Министерство иностранных дел Республики Беларусь }}</ref>), as well as the "[[Common Economic Space of the Commonwealth of Independent States|Agreement on Ukraine's accession to the Economic Union]] as an associate member" (which has never entered into force).<ref>https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/doc/325#text {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>


==In opposition==
==In opposition==
In October 2020, Hryb was appointed by opposition leader [[Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya]] to a Public Constitutional Commission as its Chairman, tasked with proposing democratic reforms to the [[Constitution of Belarus]]. This opposition panel is not recognized by the government of Alexander Lukashenko.<ref>https://news.tut.by/economics/702887.html {{Dead link|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://t.me/tsikhanouskaya/205|title = Светлана Тихановская}}</ref>
In October 2020, Hryb was appointed by opposition leader [[Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya]] to a Public Constitutional Commission as its Chairman, tasked with proposing democratic reforms to the [[Constitution of Belarus]]. This opposition panel is not recognized by the government of Alexander Lukashenko.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.tut.by/economics/702887.html |title=Тихановская назначила Гриба и Лебедько представителями по конституционной реформе |access-date=2020-10-27 |archive-date=2020-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018043528/https://news.tut.by/economics/702887.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://t.me/tsikhanouskaya/205|title = Светлана Тихановская}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
He is a catholic. He is married, has two children (the son is a doctor, the daughter is a lawyer), and a grandson. Hryb mostly communicates in Russian, having studied Belarusian later in life.<ref name=":0" />
He is a Catholic. He is married, and has two children (the son is a doctor, the daughter is a lawyer) and a grandson. Hryb mostly communicates in Russian, having studied Belarusian later in life.<ref name=":0" />


==Notes==
==Notes==
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[[Category:People from Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)]]
[[Category:People from Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)]]
[[Category:Presidents of Belarus]]
[[Category:Presidents of Belarus]]
[[Category:Members of the Supreme Council of Belarus]]
[[Category:Chairmen of the Supreme Council of Belarus]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Byelorussia politicians]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Byelorussia politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of Belarus]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of Belarus]]

Latest revision as of 07:57, 14 December 2024

Myechyslaw Hryb
Мечыслаў Грыб
Мечислав Гриб
Hryb in 2015
Chairman of the Supreme Council Of Belarus (acting)
In office
28 January 1994 – 10 January 1996
Prime MinisterVyacheslav Kebich
Mikhail Chigir
Preceded byStanislav Shushkevich Vyacheslav Kuznetsov (acting)
Succeeded byAlexander Lukashenko (as head of state)
Anatoly Malofeyev (as Speaker of Parliament)
Personal details
Born
Myechyslaw Ivanavich Hryb

(1938-09-25) 25 September 1938 (age 86)
Sawicze, Nowogródek Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic
Political partyBelarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly)
EthnicityBelarusian
Military service
Branch/serviceMilitsiya (Belarus)
Years of service1959-1994
RankLieutenant General

Myechyslaw Ivanavich Hryb[a] (born 25 September 1938) is a Belarusian politician who was the eleventh Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus from 28 January 1994 to 10 January 1996. In his capacity as the head of state, Hryb adopted the first Constitution of Belarus.[1] He succeeded Stanislav Shushkevich and was head of state from 28 January to 20 July 1994 until Alexander Lukashenko replaced him in the new office called President of Belarus, which became the new head of state office. He continued as a parliamentary speaker. Hryb is now a politician in the opposition and a member of the Social-Democratic Party.[2]

Early life and police career

[edit]

Myechyslaw Hryb was born on September 25, 1938, in the village of Sawicze, then part of the Second Polish Republic (now the Dyatlovsky District of the Grodno Oblast), into a peasant family. A year later, World War II began, during which his father, Ivan, would die.

He went to school in Dyatlovo and began working from the seventh grade, first digging peat, then as an auxiliary worker at a construction site.[3]

In 1959 he graduated from the Lviv State University of Life Safety, and upon returning to Belarus, he worked as a fire inspector for three years and became interested in the investigation of fires and arson. He entered the Faculty of Law of the Belarusian State University in absentia. He served as a police inspector of the Internal Affairs Department of the Plissky District Executive Committee of the Vitebsk Region. From 1962 to 1981, he served in various law enforcement positions in Vitebsk. In 1967, he graduated from the Faculty of Law of the Belarusian State University.

In 1981, he was made head of the Public Order Protection Department of the MVD of the BSSR. Four years later, in 1985, he was promoted to Head of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Vitebsk Regional Executive Committee. Immediately after his appointment, he headed the investigation of the so-called "Vitebsk Case" on the serial killer and rapist Gennady Mikhasevich.

Supreme Soviet

[edit]

In 1990, Hryb took part in the parliamentary elections and won in his area. In the same year, he joined the Democratic Club, created in the Supreme Soviet by deputies who supported the building of democracy in Belarus. In parliament, Hryb headed the permanent Commission on National Security, Defense and Combating Crime, within which he lobbied in every possible way for Belarus to join the Collective Security Treaty within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States, which drew the country into Russia's sphere of influence. In 1993, he was the first in the republic to receive the rank of major general of militia.[4] According to the information from the depository of the international agreement published on the Unified Register of Legal Acts and Other Documents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (under the executive committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States), Belarus officially notified its accession to the Collective Security Treaty on 31 December 1993 when Stanislav Shushkevich was still the head of state.[5]

On 15 April 1994, Hryb, as head of state and ex officio member of the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of Independent States, on behalf of Belarus signed the Agreement on the creation of a free trade area as "the first stage of the creation of the Economic Union"[6] (which is still as of 2024 used by Belarus for foreign trade, in particular, with Azerbaijan and Georgia[7]), as well as the "Agreement on Ukraine's accession to the Economic Union as an associate member" (which has never entered into force).[8]

In opposition

[edit]

In October 2020, Hryb was appointed by opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya to a Public Constitutional Commission as its Chairman, tasked with proposing democratic reforms to the Constitution of Belarus. This opposition panel is not recognized by the government of Alexander Lukashenko.[9][10]

Personal life

[edit]

He is a Catholic. He is married, and has two children (the son is a doctor, the daughter is a lawyer) and a grandson. Hryb mostly communicates in Russian, having studied Belarusian later in life.[4]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Belarusian: Мечыслаў Іванавіч Грыб, IPA: [mʲɛt͡ʂɨˈslaw iˈvanavʲit͡ʂ ˈɣrɨp]; Russian: Мечислав Иванович Гриб, IPA: [mʲɪtɕɪˈslaf ɨˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ˈɡrʲip].

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Мечислав Гриб: в Беларуси не исключен украинский сценарий". БДГ Деловая газета (in Russian). 2015-01-19. Archived from the original on 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
  2. ^ "Myechyslaw Hryb". Slounik. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  3. ^ "Генерал милиции, поймавший опасного маньяка, и противник Лукашенко. Рассказываем о единственном живущем экс-руководителе Беларуси". 29 January 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Генерал милиции, поймавший опасного маньяка, и противник Лукашенко. Рассказываем о единственном живущем экс-руководителе Беларуси". Зеркало (in Russian). 2023-01-29. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  5. ^ https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/doc/79#documentCard [bare URL]
  6. ^ https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/doc/321#text [bare URL]
  7. ^ "Торговые режимы - Министерство иностранных дел Республики Беларусь".
  8. ^ https://cis.minsk.by/reestrv2/doc/325#text [bare URL]
  9. ^ "Тихановская назначила Гриба и Лебедько представителями по конституционной реформе". Archived from the original on 2020-10-18. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  10. ^ "Светлана Тихановская".
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Leader of Belarus
1994
Succeeded by