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Coordinates: 36°40′N 36°46′E / 36.667°N 36.767°E / 36.667; 36.767
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{{Short description|Upland area in Syria and Turkey}}
{{Distinguish|Jabal al-Akrad}}
{{Distinguish|Jabal al-Akrad}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox mountain
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Kurd Mountain
| name = Kurd Mountain
| other_name = Kurd Dagh
| other_name = Kurd Dagh, Çiyayê Kurmênc
| photo = تلال جبل حلب.JPG
| photo = تلال جبل حلب.JPG
| photo_caption = Hills of the Kurd Mountain in [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]]
| photo_caption = Hills of the Kurd Mountain in [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]]
Line 12: Line 13:
| translation =
| translation =
| language =
| language =
| location ={{flag|Syria}}: [[Afrin District]]<br>{{flag|Turkey}}: [[Kilis Province]]
| location = {{flag|Syria}}: [[Afrin District]]<br>{{flag|Turkey}}: [[Kilis Province]]
| range =
| range =
| map = Syria
| map = Syria
| map_relief = yes
| map_relief = yes
| map_caption = Location in Syria
| map_caption = Location in Syria
| coordinates = {{coord|36|40|N|36|46|E|display=inline,title|region:SY_type:mountain_source:dewiki}}
| coordinates = {{coord|36|40|N|36|46|E|display=inline,title|region:SY_type:mountain_source:dewiki}}
| topo =
| topo =
| easiest_route =
| easiest_route =
| native_name =
}}
}}


'''Kurd Mountain''' or '''Kurd Dagh''' ({{lang-tr|Kürt Dağı}}, officially {{lang|tr|Kurt Dağı}}) is a highland region in northwestern [[Syria]] and [[southeastern Turkey]]. It is located in the [[Aleppo Governorate]] of Syria and [[Kilis Province]] of Turkey. The Kurd Mountain should not be confused with the neighboring [[Jabal al Akrad]], which is located further southwest towards the mediterranean coastline.
'''Kurd Mountain''' or '''Kurd Dagh''' ({{Langx|ku|Çiyayê Kurmênc}};<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=عبدو علي |first=محمد |title=جبال الكرد: دراسة جغرافية شاملة |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Afrin |pages=145 |language=ar}}</ref> {{langx|ar|جبل الأكراد|jabal al-ʾakrād}}; {{langx|tr|Kürt Dağı}}, officially {{lang|tr|Kurt Dağı}}) is a highland region in northwestern [[Syria]] and [[southeastern Turkey]]. It is located in the [[Aleppo Governorate]] of Syria and [[Kilis Province]] of Turkey. The Kurd Mountain should not be confused with the neighboring [[Jabal al-Akrad]], which is located further southwest in [[Latakia Governorate]].


==Location and description==
==Location and description==
Kurd Mountain is a part of the [[Limestone Massif]] of northwestern Syria. The mountain is a southern continuation into the [[Aleppo plateau]] of the highlands on the western part of the [[Aintab plateau]]. The valley of [[River Afrin]] surrounds Kurd Mountain from east and south and separates it from the plain of [[A'zaz|Aʻzāz]] and [[Mount Simeon]] to the east, and from [[Mount Harim]] to the south. The valley of [[Aswad River|River Aswad]] separates Mount Kurd from [[Mount Amanus]] to the west.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
Kurd Mountain is a part of the [[Limestone Massif]] of northwestern Syria. The mountain is a southern continuation into the [[Aleppo plateau]] of the highlands on the western part of the [[Aintab plateau]]. The valley of [[River Afrin]] surrounds Kurd Mountain from east and south and separates it from the plain of [[A'zaz|Aʻzāz]] and [[Mount Simeon]] to the east, and from [[Mount Harim]] to the south. The valley of [[Aswad River|River Aswad]] separates Mount Kurd from [[Mount Amanus]] to the west.{{cn|date=December 2022}}


⚫
The main town is [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]] (Efrîn in Kurdish), in Syria. The area is known for its [[olive]] growing and [[charcoal]] production. The majority of the Kurd-Dagh population are [[Hanafi]]-Muslims, while most [[Syrian Kurds]] are [[Shafiite]]-Muslims. [[Yazidis]] also have a presence in the region.<ref>{{cite book |last=Açikyildiz |first=Birgül |date=23 December 2014 |title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql4BAwAAQBAJ |location=London, UK |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=63 |isbn=978-1848852747}}</ref>
In Syria, it is among the four "ethnic mountains" of western Syria, along with [[al-Ansariyah mountains]] ("Mountain of the [[Alawite]]s"), [[Turkmen Mountain|Jabal Turkman]] ("Mountain of the [[Syrian Turkmen|Turkmens]]") and [[Jabal al-Duruz]] ("Mountain of the [[Druze]]").

⚫
The main town is [[Afrin, Syria|Afrin]] (Efrîn in Kurdish), in Syria. The area is known for its [[olive]] growing and [[charcoal]] production. The majority of the Kurd-Dagh population are [[Hanafi]]-Muslims, while most Syrian Kurds are [[Shafiite]]-Muslims. [[Yazidis]] also have a presence in the region.<ref>{{cite book |last=Açikyildiz |first=Birgül |date=23 December 2014 |title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql4BAwAAQBAJ |location=London, UK |publisher=I.B. Tauris |page=63 |isbn=1848852746}}</ref>


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
The district ([[Kaza]]) of Kurd Dagh had a population of 21,823 in the census of the [[State of Aleppo]] in 1922.<ref>{{Cite book |last=الغزي |first=كامل بن حسين بن محمد بن مصطفى البالي الحلبي |title=نهر الذهب فى تاريخ حلب |publisher=دار القلم، حلب |edition=الثانية، 1419 هـ |pages=258 p.2 |language=ar}}</ref>
⚫
As the Kurd Dagh was governed by the [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|French]], several Kurdish tribes were living in the area.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tejel|first=Jordi|title=Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society|date=2008-08-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09643-5|pages=9|language=en}}</ref> From the 1800s onwards, there have settled several Kurds from the Kurd Dagh to Aleppo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tejel|first=Jordi|title=Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society|date=2008-08-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09643-5|pages=11|language=en}}</ref> In the 1930s, Kurdish Alevis who fled the persecution of the [[Turkish army|Turkish Army]] during the [[Dersim Massacre]], settled in [[Maabatli|Mabeta]].<ref name="derStandard">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.derstandard.at/privacywall/2000076385176/Angriff-auf-Afrin-Vertreibung-vom-Berg-der-Kurden|title=derStandard.at|website=DER STANDARD}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Male
!Female
!Total
|-
| align="right" |10,434
| align="right" |11,389
|21,823
|}
⚫
As the Kurd Dagh was governed by the [[Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon|French]], several [[Kurdish tribe]]s were living in the area.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tejel|first=Jordi|title=Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society|date=2008-08-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09643-5|pages=9|language=en}}</ref> From the 1800s onwards, there have settled several [[Kurds]] from the Kurd Dagh to Aleppo.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tejel|first=Jordi|title=Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society|date=2008-08-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09643-5|pages=11|language=en}}</ref> In the 1930s, Kurdish Alevis who fled the persecution of the [[Turkish Land Forces|Turkish Army]] during the [[Dersim Massacre]], settled in [[Maabatli|Mabeta]].<ref name="derStandard">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.derstandard.at/privacywall/2000076385176/Angriff-auf-Afrin-Vertreibung-vom-Berg-der-Kurden|title=derStandard.at|website=DER STANDARD}}</ref>


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
Kurd Mountain is known locally as '''Çiyayê Kurmênc''' meaning “Mountain of the Kurmanj” after the name of the spoken dialect in the region called [[Kurmanji]], which is one of the [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] dialects.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=عبدو علي |first=محمد |title=جبال الكرد: دراسة جغرافية شاملة |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Afrin |pages=145 |language=ar}}</ref>
Kurd Mountain is known locally as '''Çiyayê Kurmênc''' meaning “Mountain of the Kurmanj” after the name of the spoken dialect in the region called [[Kurmanji]], which is one of the [[Kurdish language]] dialects.<ref name=":0"/>

⚫
The name of the mountain was mentioned in Arabic sources as '''Jabal al-Akrad''' meaning “Kurd mountain”, then with the rule of the [[Ottoman Empire]] the name was translated into the [[Ottoman Turkish]] to كرد طاغ (''Kurd Dağ'') in the sense of "Kurd Mountain" derived from the [[Turkish language|Turkish]] word طاغ - Dağ, which means Mountain. The form Kurd Dagh was used in the official Ottoman documents and remained in official circulation during the French era until the end of the first decade of Syria's independence, until the Syrian government adopted the form Jabal al-Akrad again. However, in the years of [[United Arab Republic|unity between Egypt and Syria]], the name of Jabal al-Akrad was removed. And in 1977 the mountain was renamed to جبل العروبة ''Jabal al-`Uruba'' meaning “Mountain of [[Arab nationalism|Arabism]]” in accordance with decree 15801, which banned Kurdish names. And then it was named "Mount Aleppo" and the name Jabal al-Akrad remained circulating in [[Textbook|textbooks]] as a [[geographical]] name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State policies and military actions continue to threaten further displacement |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/syria-overview-nov2011.pdf |access-date=20 July 2020 |website=Relief Web |page=7}}</ref><ref name=":0" />


[[File:Kurd mountain.jpg|320px|thumb|left|map of the Ottoman Vilayet of Aleppo showing Kurd Dagh under name of كرد طاغى, ''Kurd Dağ.'']]
In the book of ''ذكرياتي عن بلاد ألف ليلة وليلة'' of the French commercial attaché in Aleppo. between the years 1548-1556 stated:<ref>''[[موسوعة حلب المقارنة]]''، [[خير الدين الأسدي]]، ج. 3 ص. 240</ref>
⚫
The name of the mountain was mentioned in Arabic sources as '''Jabal al-Akrad''' meaning “Kurd mountain”, then with the rule of the [[Ottoman Empire]] the name was translated into the [[Ottoman Turkish]] to كرد طاغ (''Kurd Dağ'') in the sense of "Kurd Mountain" derived from the [[Turkish language|Turkish]] word طاغ - Dağ, which means Mountain. The form Kurd Dagh was used in the official Ottoman documents and remained in official circulation during the French era until the end of the first decade of Syria's independence, until the Syrian government adopted the form Jabal al-Akrad again. However, in the years of [[United Arab Republic|unity between Egypt and Syria]], the name of Jabal al-Akrad was removed. And in 1977 the mountain was renamed to جبل العروبة ''Jabal al-`Uruba'' meaning “Mountain of [[Arab nationalism|Arabism]]” in accordance with decree 15801, which banned Kurdish names. And then it was renamed "Mount Aleppo" and the name Jabal al-Akrad remained circulating in [[Textbook|textbooks]] as a [[geographical]] name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State policies and military actions continue to threaten further displacement |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/syria-overview-nov2011.pdf |access-date=20 July 2020 |website=Relief Web |page=7}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
{{Blockquote|text=Due to my profession in importing silk, I was traveling to Kilis, Aintab, Azaz, Jabal al-Akrad, etc.}}[[File:Kurd mountain.jpg|320px|thumb|left|map of the Ottoman Vilayet of Aleppo showing Kurd Dagh]]


Jabal al-Akrad was attested in the book of ''Dhikrayati ean bilad 'alf laylat walayla'' of the French commercial attaché in Aleppo between the years 1548-1556,<ref>''[[Comparative Encyclopedia of Aleppo|Mawsūʻat Ḥalab al-muqāranah]]''، [[Khayr al-Din al-Asadi]], s. 3 p. 240</ref> as well as in [[Konstantin Mikhailovich Bazili|Konstantin Bazili]]'s book, ''Syria and Palestine Under Ottoman Rule'' (1861) on the events of the end of Ibrahim Pasha's occupation of the areas of Kurd Mountain.<ref>Suriyah wa-Filastin Tahta al-Hukm al-Uthmani, [[Konstantin Mikhailovich Bazili]], p. 186</ref>


The Turkish part was renamed officially as ''Kurt Dağı'' ("Wolf Mountain"), with a [[pun]] on the Turkish words ''Kürt'' (Kurd) and ''kurt'' ([[wolf]]).
The Turkish part was renamed officially as ''Kurt Dağı'' ("Wolf Mountain"), with a [[pun]] on the Turkish words ''Kürt'' (Kurd) and ''kurt'' ([[wolf]]).{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 58: Line 67:
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Turkey]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Turkey]]
[[Category:Landforms of Kilis Province]]
[[Category:Landforms of Kilis Province]]
[[Category:Aleppo Governorate]]
[[Category:Geography of Aleppo Governorate]]
[[Category:Geography of Turkish Kurdistan]]
[[Category:Geography of Turkish Kurdistan]]
[[Category:Afrin District]]
[[Category:Afrin District]]

Latest revision as of 14:16, 14 December 2024

Not to be confused with Jabal al-Akrad.
Kurd Mountain
Kurd Dagh, Çiyayê Kurmênc
Hills of the Kurd Mountain in Afrin
Highest point
Coordinates36°40′N 36°46′E / 36.667°N 36.767°E / 36.667; 36.767
Geography
Kurd Mountain is located in Syria
Kurd Mountain
Kurd Mountain
Location in Syria
Location Syria: Afrin District
 Turkey: Kilis Province

Kurd Mountain or Kurd Dagh (Kurdish: Çiyayê Kurmênc;[1] Arabic: جبل الأكراد, romanized: jabal al-ʾakrād; Turkish: Kürt Dağı, officially Kurt Dağı) is a highland region in northwestern Syria and southeastern Turkey. It is located in the Aleppo Governorate of Syria and Kilis Province of Turkey. The Kurd Mountain should not be confused with the neighboring Jabal al-Akrad, which is located further southwest in Latakia Governorate.

Location and description

[edit]

Kurd Mountain is a part of the Limestone Massif of northwestern Syria. The mountain is a southern continuation into the Aleppo plateau of the highlands on the western part of the Aintab plateau. The valley of River Afrin surrounds Kurd Mountain from east and south and separates it from the plain of Aʻzāz and Mount Simeon to the east, and from Mount Harim to the south. The valley of River Aswad separates Mount Kurd from Mount Amanus to the west.[citation needed]

The main town is Afrin (Efrîn in Kurdish), in Syria. The area is known for its olive growing and charcoal production. The majority of the Kurd-Dagh population are Hanafi-Muslims, while most Syrian Kurds are Shafiite-Muslims. Yazidis also have a presence in the region.[2]

Demographics

[edit]

The district (Kaza) of Kurd Dagh had a population of 21,823 in the census of the State of Aleppo in 1922.[3]

Male Female Total
10,434 11,389 21,823

As the Kurd Dagh was governed by the French, several Kurdish tribes were living in the area.[4] From the 1800s onwards, there have settled several Kurds from the Kurd Dagh to Aleppo.[5] In the 1930s, Kurdish Alevis who fled the persecution of the Turkish Army during the Dersim Massacre, settled in Mabeta.[6]

Etymology

[edit]

Kurd Mountain is known locally as Çiyayê Kurmênc meaning “Mountain of the Kurmanj” after the name of the spoken dialect in the region called Kurmanji, which is one of the Kurdish language dialects.[1]

map of the Ottoman Vilayet of Aleppo showing Kurd Dagh under name of كرد طاغى, Kurd Dağ.

The name of the mountain was mentioned in Arabic sources as Jabal al-Akrad meaning “Kurd mountain”, then with the rule of the Ottoman Empire the name was translated into the Ottoman Turkish to كرد طاغ (Kurd Dağ) in the sense of "Kurd Mountain" derived from the Turkish word طاغ - Dağ, which means Mountain. The form Kurd Dagh was used in the official Ottoman documents and remained in official circulation during the French era until the end of the first decade of Syria's independence, until the Syrian government adopted the form Jabal al-Akrad again. However, in the years of unity between Egypt and Syria, the name of Jabal al-Akrad was removed. And in 1977 the mountain was renamed to جبل العروبة Jabal al-`Uruba meaning “Mountain of Arabism” in accordance with decree 15801, which banned Kurdish names. And then it was renamed "Mount Aleppo" and the name Jabal al-Akrad remained circulating in textbooks as a geographical name.[7][1]

Jabal al-Akrad was attested in the book of Dhikrayati ean bilad 'alf laylat walayla of the French commercial attaché in Aleppo between the years 1548-1556,[8] as well as in Konstantin Bazili's book, Syria and Palestine Under Ottoman Rule (1861) on the events of the end of Ibrahim Pasha's occupation of the areas of Kurd Mountain.[9]

The Turkish part was renamed officially as Kurt Dağı ("Wolf Mountain"), with a pun on the Turkish words Kürt (Kurd) and kurt (wolf).[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c عبدو علي, محمد (2014). جبال الكرد: دراسة جغرافية شاملة (in Arabic) (1st ed.). Afrin. p. 145.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Açikyildiz, Birgül (23 December 2014). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. London, UK: I.B. Tauris. p. 63. ISBN 978-1848852747.
  3. ^ الغزي, كامل بن حسين بن محمد بن مصطفى البالي الحلبي. نهر الذهب فى تاريخ حلب (in Arabic) (الثانية، 1419 هـ ed.). دار القلم، حلب. pp. 258 p.2.
  4. ^ Tejel, Jordi (2008-08-29). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-134-09643-5.
  5. ^ Tejel, Jordi (2008-08-29). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-134-09643-5.
  6. ^ "derStandard.at". DER STANDARD.
  7. ^ "State policies and military actions continue to threaten further displacement" (PDF). Relief Web. p. 7. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  8. ^ Mawsūʻat Ḥalab al-muqāranah، Khayr al-Din al-Asadi, s. 3 p. 240
  9. ^ Suriyah wa-Filastin Tahta al-Hukm al-Uthmani, Konstantin Mikhailovich Bazili, p. 186


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