Jump to content

I'm Every Woman: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→External links: redundant
No edit summary
(11 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 11: Line 11:
| B-side = A Woman in a Man's World
| B-side = A Woman in a Man's World
| released = September 26, 1978
| released = September 26, 1978
| recorded = 1978
| recorded = May 17, 1978
| studio =
| studio =
| venue =
| venue =
| genre = [[Disco]]<ref name= "Echols 2010">{{cite book|first=Alice|last=Echols|title=Hot Stuff: Disco and the Remaking of American Culture|chapter= Ladies' Night: Women and Disco|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Hot_Stuff_Disco_and_the_Remaking_of_Amer.html?id=DzrvOAA2tvAC|date=March 29, 2010|publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]]|isbn=978-0-393-06675-3|page=92}}</ref>
| genre = [[Disco]]
| length = {{ubl|4:07 <small>(album version)</small>|3:42 <small>(single edit)</small>}}
| length = {{ubl|4:07 <small>(album version)</small>|3:42 <small>(single edit)</small>}}
| label = [[Warner Records|Warner Bros.]]
| label = [[Warner Records|Warner Bros.]]
Line 37: Line 37:


==Impact and legacy==
==Impact and legacy==
''[[Rolling Stone]]'' ranked "I’m Every Woman" number 27 in their list of "200 Greatest Dance Songs of All Time" in 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Jon|last1=Dolan|first2=Julyssa|last2=Lopez|first3=Michaelangelo|last3=Matos|first4=Claire|last4=Shaffer|title=200 Greatest Dance Songs of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/200-greatest-dance-songs-of-all-time-1372888|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=July 22, 2022|accessdate=October 30, 2022}}</ref>
''[[Rolling Stone]]'' ranked "I’m Every Woman" number 27 in their list of "200 Greatest Dance Songs of All Time" in 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Jon|last1=Dolan|first2=Julyssa|last2=Lopez|first3=Michaelangelo|last3=Matos|first4=Claire|last4=Shaffer|title=200 Greatest Dance Songs of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/200-greatest-dance-songs-of-all-time-1372888|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=July 22, 2022|access-date=October 30, 2022}}</ref>


==Credits and personnel==
==Credits and personnel==
Line 60: Line 60:
{{single chart|Flanders|20|artist=Whitney Houston|song=I'm Every Woman}}
{{single chart|Flanders|20|artist=Whitney Houston|song=I'm Every Woman}}
|-
|-
| Ireland ([[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRMA]])<ref name="irishcharts.ie">{{cite web|url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement?page=3 |title=Application error (Rails) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721125307/http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement?page=3 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref>
| Ireland ([[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRMA]])<ref name="irishcharts.ie">{{cite web|url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement?page=3 |title=Application error (Rails) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721125307/http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement?page=3 |archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|16
| style="text-align:center;"|16
|-
|-
Line 101: Line 101:
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Chaka Khan|title=I'm Every Woman|award=Gold|relyear=2004|certyear=2023|id=12760-1562-1|access-date=June 16, 2023|note=Sales since November 14, 2004}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|artist=Chaka Khan|title=I'm Every Woman|award=Gold|relyear=2004|certyear=2023|id=12760-1562-1|access-date=June 16, 2023|note=Sales since November 14, 2004}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|type=single|artist=Chaka Khan|title=I'm Every Woman|award=Gold|relyear=1978|certyear=2024|access-date=October 7, 2024}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}


Line 132: Line 133:


===Release===
===Release===
When "I'm Every Woman" was released, Houston's preceding single, "[[I Will Always Love You (Whitney Houston version)|I Will Always Love You]]," was still at number one on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] (it remained there for eight more weeks). Houston's version of "I'm Every Woman" peaked at number four on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in just its seventh and eighth week of release; remaining in the top 40 for nineteen weeks. The song became number one on the [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] [[Hot Dance Club Songs|Hot Dance Club Play]] chart,<ref>{{cite book |title= Hot Dance/Disco: 1974-2003|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research |page=124}}</ref> reached number five on the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs]] chart,<ref>{{cite book |title= Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research |page=263}}</ref> and cracked the top 40 on the [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks]] chart. Houston's cover was also a bigger international hit than the original version as it peaked within the top 5 in the UK and several other countries, and the top 20 in France, Australia, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Contrary to popular belief, Houston did not perform backing vocals on Khan's original 1978 version. Chaka Khan confirmed this in an interview with Lester Holt in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Holt|first=Lester|title=Chaka Khan: Whitney like a sister|url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/46358465#46358465|work=NBC Today Show|publisher=NBC|access-date=February 12, 2012}}{{dead link|date=November 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> As a tribute to her, however, Houston proclaims Khan's name towards the end of the song.
When "I'm Every Woman" was released, Houston's preceding single, "[[I Will Always Love You (Whitney Houston version)|I Will Always Love You]]," was still at number one on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] (it remained there for eight more weeks). Houston's version of "I'm Every Woman" peaked at number four on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 in just its seventh and eighth week of release; remaining in the top 40 for nineteen weeks. The song became number one on the [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] [[Hot Dance Club Songs|Hot Dance Club Play]] chart,<ref>{{cite book |title= Hot Dance/Disco: 1974-2003|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research |page=124}}</ref> reached number five on the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs]] chart,<ref>{{cite book |title= Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Whitburn |year=2004 |publisher=Record Research |page=263}}</ref> and cracked the top 40 on the [[Adult Contemporary (chart)|Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks]] chart. Houston's cover was also a bigger international hit than the original version as it peaked within the top 5 in the UK and several other countries, and the top 20 in France, Australia, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Contrary to popular belief, Houston did not perform backing vocals on Khan's original 1978 version. Chaka Khan confirmed this in an interview with Lester Holt in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Holt|first=Lester|title=Chaka Khan: Whitney like a sister|url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/46358465#46358465|work=NBC Today Show|publisher=NBC|access-date=February 12, 2012}}{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> As a tribute to her, however, Houston proclaims Khan's name towards the end of the song.


===Critical reception===
===Critical reception===
[[AllMusic]] editor [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] praised Houston's cover version of "I'm Every Woman", stating that it's a "first-rate" [[urban pop]] song "that skillfully capture[s] Houston at her best."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-bodyguard-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-mw0000180918|title=The Bodyguard [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]|author=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine}}</ref> [[Larry Flick]] from ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' wrote, "Utilizing the original version's instantly recognizable vocal arrangement, Houston belts with unbridled confidence and power."<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Larry |last= Flick |title= Single Reviews |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date= January 23, 1993 |page= 80 |access-date= October 26, 2020 |url= https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1993/BB-1993-01-23.pdf |author-link= Larry Flick}}</ref> Randy Clark from ''[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]]'' declared it as a "dance-inspired tune", noting its "discotheque feel and obvious dance floor appeal". He added, "Although Whitney is the strongest aspect of this song, the combination of her voice and the [[house music|house]] jam should launch this track high onto various charts and playlists alike."<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Randy |last= Clark |title= Music Reviews: Singles |magazine= [[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]] |date= January 23, 1993 |page= 5 |access-date= November 1, 2020 |url= https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/90s/1993/CB-1993-01-23.pdf}}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''{{'}}s Amy Linden praised the cover as "triumphant". She explained, "To take on another diva's material requires the female equivalent of cojones, and Houston (wisely) doesn't muck around with the original's overall tone or arrangement. But she sure does it justice, even adding a sly ''Chaka'' shout-out as the cut fades."<ref>{{cite web|first=Amy|last=Linden|url=https://ew.com/article/1992/12/04/bodyguard-soundtrack/|title=The Bodyguard (soundtrack) - EW.com|work=Entertainment Weekly's EW.com|access-date=August 3, 2013|archive-date=July 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712082553/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312588,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[AllMusic]] editor [[Stephen Thomas Erlewine]] praised Houston's cover version of "I'm Every Woman", stating that it's a "first-rate" [[urban pop]] song "that skillfully capture[s] Houston at her best."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-bodyguard-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-mw0000180918|title=The Bodyguard [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]|author=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|author-link=Stephen Thomas Erlewine}}</ref> [[Larry Flick]] from ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' wrote, "Utilizing the original version's instantly recognizable vocal arrangement, Houston belts with unbridled confidence and power."<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Larry |last= Flick |title= Single Reviews |magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date= January 23, 1993 |page= 80 |access-date= October 26, 2020 |url= https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1993/BB-1993-01-23.pdf |author-link= Larry Flick}}</ref> Randy Clark from ''[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]]'' declared it as a "dance-inspired tune", noting its "discotheque feel and obvious dance floor appeal". He added, "Although Whitney is the strongest aspect of this song, the combination of her voice and the [[house music|house]] jam should launch this track high onto various charts and playlists alike."<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Randy |last= Clark |title= Music Reviews: Singles |magazine= [[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]] |date= January 23, 1993 |page= 5 |access-date= November 1, 2020 |url= https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/90s/1993/CB-1993-01-23.pdf}}</ref> ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''{{'}}s Amy Linden praised the cover as "triumphant". She explained, "To take on another diva's material requires the female equivalent of cojones, and Houston (wisely) doesn't muck around with the original's overall tone or arrangement. But she sure does it justice, even adding a sly ''Chaka'' shout-out as the cut fades."<ref>{{cite web|first=Amy|last=Linden|url=https://ew.com/article/1992/12/04/bodyguard-soundtrack/|title=The Bodyguard (soundtrack) - EW.com|work=Entertainment Weekly's EW.com|access-date=August 3, 2013|archive-date=July 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712082553/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312588,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


Alan Jones from ''[[Music Week]]'' felt the singer "does her best to xerox the performance of Chaka Khan."<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Alan |last= Jones |title= Market Preview: Mainstream - Singles |magazine= [[Music Week]] |date= February 6, 1993 |page= 10 |access-date= March 24, 2021 |url= https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/1993/Music-Week-1993-02-06.pdf}}</ref> Nancy Culp from ''[[New Musical Express|NME]]'' said her "Whitney-ed version" is "well over the top and she carries it decently, but lacks the real soul to give it punch."<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Nancy|last=Culp|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/nothingelseon/52745899613/|title=Long Play|magazine=[[New Musical Express|NME]]|date=November 21, 1992|page=34|accessdate=March 29, 2023}}</ref> [[Stephen Holden]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote, "Though not as exuberantly sexy as the original, her version [...] is a respectable imitation."<ref>{{cite web|first=Stephen|last=Holden|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/20/arts/record-brief-944292.html|title=Record Brief|date=December 20, 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]|author-link=Stephen Holden}}</ref> A writer from ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' called it an overwrought remake and added that Whitney undermined her [[soul music|soul]] roots.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/whitney-houston/albumguide|title=Whitney Houston: Album Guide &#124; Rolling Stone Music|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=March 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324201944/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/whitney-houston/albumguide|access-date=October 20, 2021|archive-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> ''[[USA Today]]'' complimented the song, "She adds surprises: Chaka Khan's "I'm Every Woman" becomes sweaty house music."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitney-fan.com/music/reviews/36/65|title=The Bodyguard Soundtrack|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004042556/http://www.whitney-fan.com/music/reviews/36/65|archive-date=October 4, 2011}}</ref>
Alan Jones from ''[[Music Week]]'' felt the singer "does her best to xerox the performance of Chaka Khan."<ref>{{cite magazine|first= Alan |last= Jones |title= Market Preview: Mainstream - Singles |magazine= [[Music Week]] |date= February 6, 1993 |page= 10 |access-date= March 24, 2021 |url= https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/1993/Music-Week-1993-02-06.pdf}}</ref> Nancy Culp from ''[[New Musical Express|NME]]'' said her "Whitney-ed version" is "well over the top and she carries it decently, but lacks the real soul to give it punch."<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Nancy|last=Culp|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/nothingelseon/52745899613/|title=Long Play|magazine=[[New Musical Express|NME]]|date=November 21, 1992|page=34|access-date=March 29, 2023}}</ref> [[Stephen Holden]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote, "Though not as exuberantly sexy as the original, her version [...] is a respectable imitation."<ref>{{cite web|first=Stephen|last=Holden|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/20/arts/record-brief-944292.html|title=Record Brief|date=December 20, 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]|author-link=Stephen Holden}}</ref> A writer from ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' called it an overwrought remake and added that Whitney undermined her [[soul music|soul]] roots.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/whitney-houston/albumguide|title=Whitney Houston: Album Guide &#124; Rolling Stone Music|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=March 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324201944/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/whitney-houston/albumguide|access-date=October 20, 2021|archive-date=March 24, 2014}}</ref> ''[[USA Today]]'' complimented the song, "She adds surprises: Chaka Khan's "I'm Every Woman" becomes sweaty house music."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitney-fan.com/music/reviews/36/65|title=The Bodyguard Soundtrack|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004042556/http://www.whitney-fan.com/music/reviews/36/65|archive-date=October 4, 2011}}</ref>


===Music video===
===Music video===
The accompanying music video for "I'm Every Woman" was directed by Randee St. Nicholas, and features a very pregnant Houston performing the song, while scenes from ''[[The Bodyguard (1992 film)|The Bodyguard]]'' are intercut into the clip. The video also features cameo appearances by Houston's mother [[Cissy Houston]] as well as by [[Chaka Khan]], [[Valerie Simpson]], [[Martha Wash]] and labelmate [[TLC (group)|TLC]]. The song won Houston a [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video]], and received a [[Grammy Award]] nomination in 1994 for [[Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance|Best Female R&B Vocal Performance]]. The video was later made available on Houston's official [[YouTube]] channel in 2009 and had generated more than 90 million views as of early 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7_sqdkaAfo|title=Whitney Houston - I'm Every Woman (Official Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=November 14, 2009|access-date=February 27, 2024}}</ref>
The accompanying music video for "I'm Every Woman" was directed by Randee St. Nicholas, and features a very pregnant Houston performing the song, while scenes from ''[[The Bodyguard (1992 film)|The Bodyguard]]'' are intercut into the clip. The video also features cameo appearances by Houston's mother [[Cissy Houston]] as well as by [[Chaka Khan]], [[Valerie Simpson]], [[Martha Wash]] and labelmate [[TLC (group)|TLC]]. The song won Houston an [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video]], and received a [[Grammy Award]] nomination in 1994 for [[Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance|Best Female R&B Vocal Performance]]. The video was later made available on Houston's official [[YouTube]] channel in 2009 and had generated more than 90 million views as of early 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7_sqdkaAfo|title=Whitney Houston - I'm Every Woman (Official Video)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=November 14, 2009|access-date=February 27, 2024}}</ref>


===Track listings and formats===
===Track listings and formats===
Line 152: Line 153:
#"I'm Every Woman" (7" single) – 4:44
#"I'm Every Woman" (7" single) – 4:44
#"I'm Every Woman" ([[Clivillés & Cole]] House Mix I) – 10:37
#"I'm Every Woman" ([[Clivillés & Cole]] House Mix I) – 10:37
#"I'm Every Woman" ([[a cappella]] Mix) – 4:27
#"I'm Every Woman" ([[a cappella]]) – 4:27


* '''UK CD maxi-single'''
* '''UK CD maxi-single'''
Line 160: Line 161:
#"I'm Every Woman" (Every Woman's House/Club Mix) – 10:14
#"I'm Every Woman" (Every Woman's House/Club Mix) – 10:14
#"I'm Every Woman" (Every Woman's Beat) – 4:11
#"I'm Every Woman" (Every Woman's Beat) – 4:11
#"I'm Every Woman" (a cappella Mix) – 4:27
#"I'm Every Woman" (a cappella) – 4:27
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
* '''US CD maxi-single'''
* '''US CD maxi-single'''
Line 176: Line 177:
#"I'm Every Woman" (Clivillés & Cole House Mix II) – 10:54
#"I'm Every Woman" (Clivillés & Cole House Mix II) – 10:54
#"I'm Every Woman" (The C & C Dub) – 10:03
#"I'm Every Woman" (The C & C Dub) – 10:03
#"I'm Every Woman" (a cappella Mix) – 4:27
#"I'm Every Woman" (a cappella) – 4:27
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}


Line 186: Line 187:
* Vocal arrangement inspired by [[Chaka Khan]]
* Vocal arrangement inspired by [[Chaka Khan]]
* Additional vocal arrangement and production by Robert Clivilles and David Cole
* Additional vocal arrangement and production by Robert Clivilles and David Cole
* Percussion by Bashiri Johnson
* [[Roland TR-909]] Programming by [[Louis Biancaniello]], James Alfano and Chauncey Mahan
* [[Roland TR-909]] Programming by [[Louis Biancaniello]], James Alfano and Chauncey Mahan
* Recording engineers&nbsp;– Matt Rohr, Marc Reyburn
* Recording engineers&nbsp;– Matt Rohr, Marc Reyburn
Line 253: Line 255:
|-
|-
{{single chart|New Zealand|5|artist=Whitney Houston|song=I'm Every Woman|refname=nz|access-date=January 10, 2014|rowheader=true}}
{{single chart|New Zealand|5|artist=Whitney Houston|song=I'm Every Woman|refname=nz|access-date=January 10, 2014|rowheader=true}}
|-
! scope="row"| Poland ([[Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego|LP3]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lp3.pl/wykonawca/393|title=Whitney Houston – dorobek wykonawcy na LP3|publisher=[[Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego|LP3]]|access-date=August 9, 2024|language=pl}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|5
|-
|-
! scope="row" | Portugal ([[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa|AFP]])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Music-and-Media/90s/1993/MM-1993-04-17.pdf|title=Top 10 Sales in Europe|magazine=[[Music & Media]]|volume=10|issue=16|date=April 17, 1993|page=28|access-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref>
! scope="row" | Portugal ([[Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa|AFP]])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Music-and-Media/90s/1993/MM-1993-04-17.pdf|title=Top 10 Sales in Europe|magazine=[[Music & Media]]|volume=10|issue=16|date=April 17, 1993|page=28|access-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref>
Line 272: Line 277:
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|-
! scope="row" | [[Record Mirror Club Chart|UK Club Chart]] (''[[Music Week]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title= The ''RM'' Club Chart |magazine= [[Music Week]], in [[Record Mirror]] (Dance Update Supplemental insert) |date= February 20, 1993 |page= 4 |accessdate= October 30, 2021 |url= https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/1993/Music-Week-1993-02-20.pdf}}</ref>
! scope="row" | [[Record Mirror Club Chart|UK Club Chart]] (''[[Music Week]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title= The ''RM'' Club Chart |magazine= [[Music Week]], in [[Record Mirror]] (Dance Update Supplemental insert) |date= February 20, 1993 |page= 4 |access-date= October 30, 2021 |url= https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/1993/Music-Week-1993-02-20.pdf}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|1
| style="text-align:center;"|1
|-
|-
Line 287: Line 292:
{{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|11|artist=Whitney Houston|access-date=April 23, 2017|rowheader=true}}
{{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|11|artist=Whitney Houston|access-date=April 23, 2017|rowheader=true}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" | US [[Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles|''Cash Box'' Top 100]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cashboxmagazine.com/archives/90s_files/19930320.html |title=Cash Box Top 100 Singles – Week ending March 20, 1993 |work=[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]] |date=March 20, 1993 |access-date=February 8, 2023}}</ref>
! scope="row" | US [[Cash Box Top 100 Pop Singles|''Cash Box'' Top 100]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cashboxmagazine.com/archives/90s_files/19930320.html |title=Cash Box Top 100 Singles – Week ending March 20, 1993 |work=[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]] |date=March 20, 1993 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-date=October 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010195235/http://cashboxmagazine.com/archives/90s_files/19930320.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 1
| 1
|-
|-
Line 337: Line 342:
| style="text-align:center;"|31
| style="text-align:center;"|31
|-
|-
! scope="row" | Canada Adult Contemporary (''RPM'')<ref>{{cite journal | url= http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.2334&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=826eqm288llpveeangurdk3p63 | title= The ''RPM'' Top 100 Adult Contemporary Tracks of 1993 | journal= [[RPM (magazine)|RPM]] | publisher= RPM Music Publications Ltd. | volume= 58 | issue= 23 | date= December 18, 1993 | access-date= March 12, 2011 | issn= 0315-5994 | agency= collectionscanada.gc.ca | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121021204545/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.2334&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=826eqm288llpveeangurdk3p63 | archive-date= October 21, 2012 | url-status= dead }}</ref>
! scope="row" | Canada Adult Contemporary (''RPM'')<ref>{{cite journal | url= http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.2334&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=826eqm288llpveeangurdk3p63 | title= The ''RPM'' Top 100 Adult Contemporary Tracks of 1993 | journal= [[RPM (magazine)|RPM]] | publisher= RPM Music Publications Ltd. | volume= 58 | issue= 23 | date= December 18, 1993 | access-date= March 12, 2011 | issn= 0315-5994 | via= collectionscanada.gc.ca | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121021204545/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.2334&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=826eqm288llpveeangurdk3p63 | archive-date= October 21, 2012 | url-status= dead }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|79
| style="text-align:center;"|79
|-
|-
Line 368: Line 373:
| style="text-align:center;"|8
| style="text-align:center;"|8
|-
|-
! scope="row" | UK Club Chart (''Music Week'')<ref>{{cite magazine|first= |last= |title=The RM Club Chart 93|magazine=[[Music Week]], in [[Record Mirror]] (Dance Update Supplemental insert)|date=December 25, 1993|page=4|accessdate=February 3, 2023|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/1993/Music-Week-1993-12-25.pdf}}</ref>
! scope="row" | UK Club Chart (''Music Week'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The RM Club Chart 93|magazine=[[Music Week]], in [[Record Mirror]] (Dance Update Supplemental insert)|date=December 25, 1993|page=4|access-date=February 3, 2023|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/1993/Music-Week-1993-12-25.pdf}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|9
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|-
|-
Line 420: Line 425:


==Other versions==
==Other versions==
After the popularity of the Whitney Houston version, ''[[The Oprah Winfrey Show]]'' unveiled its "I'm Every Woman" campaign in the 1993–94 season, using a cover version with remade lyrics in promos<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2QwZ4BgHMA|title=1993 Oprah Commercial|date=November 16, 2011|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref> and an instrumental rendition used as the theme song. [[Girls Aloud]] covered "I'm Every Woman" on the UK Discomania album released in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/4448435-Various-DiscoMania|title=DiscoMania (2004, CD)|access-date=October 20, 2021|website=Discogs.com|date=June 21, 2004 }}</ref> In 2006, it was recorded in the [[American Idol (season 5)|fifth season]] of ''[[American Idol]]'' by [[Mandisa]], and put on the album ''[[American Idol Season 5: Encores]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/American-Idol-Season-5-Encores/dp/B000FIM2EO|title=American Idol Season 5 Encores|date=October 20, 2006|access-date=October 20, 2021|website=Amazon.com}}</ref> [[Country pop]] singer and songwriter [[Taylor Swift]] also recorded the song when she was trying to get a record label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.celebuzz.com/|title=Celebuzz|website=Celebuzz.com|access-date=October 20, 2021}}</ref>
After the popularity of the Whitney Houston version, ''[[The Oprah Winfrey Show]]'' unveiled its "I'm Every Woman" campaign in the 1993–94 season, using a cover version with remade lyrics in promos<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rexroat |first1=Jennifer L. |editor1-last=Cotten |editor1-first=Trystan T. |editor2-last=Springer |editor2-first=Kimberly |chapter='I’m Everywoman': Oprah Winfrey and Feminist Identification |title=Stories of Oprah: The Oprahfication of American Culture |date=11 December 2009 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.14325/mississippi/9781604734072.003.0003}}</ref> and an instrumental rendition used as the theme song. [[Girls Aloud]] covered "I'm Every Woman" on the UK Discomania album released in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/4448435-Various-DiscoMania|title=DiscoMania (2004, CD)|access-date=October 20, 2021|website=Discogs.com|date=June 21, 2004 }}</ref> In 2006, it was recorded in the [[American Idol (season 5)|fifth season]] of ''[[American Idol]]'' by [[Mandisa]], and put on the album ''[[American Idol Season 5: Encores]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/American-Idol-Season-5-Encores/dp/B000FIM2EO|title=American Idol Season 5 Encores|date=October 20, 2006|access-date=October 20, 2021|website=Amazon.com}}</ref> [[Country pop]] singer and songwriter [[Taylor Swift]] also recorded the song when she was trying to get a record label.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.celebuzz.com/|title=Celebuzz|website=Celebuzz.com|access-date=October 20, 2021}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 435: Line 440:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commonscat}}
*[http://www.discogs.com/Chaka-Khan-Im-Every-Woman/master/348178 I'm Every Woman (Chaka Khan)] at [[Discogs]]
*[http://www.discogs.com/Chaka-Khan-Im-Every-Woman/master/348178 I'm Every Woman (Chaka Khan)] at [[Discogs]]
*[http://www.discogs.com/Chaka-Khan-Im-Every-Woman-Remix/master/348180 I'm Every Woman (Remix, Chaka Khan)] at [[Discogs]]
*[http://www.discogs.com/Chaka-Khan-Im-Every-Woman-Remix/master/348180 I'm Every Woman (Remix, Chaka Khan)] at [[Discogs]]
Line 448: Line 453:
[[Category:1978 songs]]
[[Category:1978 songs]]
[[Category:1978 debut singles]]
[[Category:1978 debut singles]]
⚫
[[Category:1993 singles]]
[[Category:Chaka Khan songs]]
[[Category:Chaka Khan songs]]
[[Category:Whitney Houston songs]]
[[Category:Whitney Houston songs]]
⚫
[[Category:1993 singles]]
[[Category:Songs written by Nickolas Ashford]]
[[Category:Songs written by Nickolas Ashford]]
[[Category:Songs written by Valerie Simpson]]
[[Category:Songs written by Valerie Simpson]]

Revision as of 16:17, 14 December 2024

"I'm Every Woman"
Standard picture sleeve (US release pictured)
Single by Chaka Khan
from the album Chaka
B-side"A Woman in a Man's World"
ReleasedSeptember 26, 1978
RecordedMay 17, 1978
GenreDisco[1]
Length
  • 4:07 (album version)
  • 3:42 (single edit)
LabelWarner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)Arif Mardin
Chaka Khan singles chronology
"I'm Every Woman"
(1978) 		"Life Is a Dance"
(1978)
Music video
"I'm Every Woman" on YouTube

"I'm Every Woman" is a song by American singer Chaka Khan, released in September 1978 by Warner Bros. as her debut solo single from her first album, Chaka (1978). It was Khan's first hit outside her recordings with the funk band Rufus. "I'm Every Woman" was produced by Arif Mardin and written by the successful songwriting team Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. The single established Chaka's career outside the group Rufus, whom she would leave after their eighth studio album, Masterjam, was released in late 1979.

The track was remixed and re-released in 1989 for Khan's remix album Life Is a Dance: The Remix Project; this mix reached number eight in the United Kingdom. American singer Whitney Houston covered the song in 1992 with production by David Cole and Robert Clivillés and vocals produced by Narada Michael Walden. It was a major hit, peaking at number four on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart.

Chart performance

In the United States, "I'm Every Woman" reached number twenty-one on the Billboard Hot 100, number one on the Hot Soul Singles,[2] and number thirty on the disco chart.[3] In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number eleven.

Music video

A music video was produced for Khan's version of "I'm Every Woman" at a time when the value of promotional films was increasing. The video, which features five dancing Chakas dressed in various outfits to represent "every woman", was made a few years before the onset of mainstream coverage of "music promos" through such outlets as MTV, VH1, and BET.

Impact and legacy

Rolling Stone ranked "I’m Every Woman" number 27 in their list of "200 Greatest Dance Songs of All Time" in 2022.[4]

Credits and personnel

  • Lead and background vocals by Chaka Khan
  • Background vocals by Will Lee and Hamish Stuart
  • Produced by Arif Mardin
  • Drums by Steve Ferrone
  • Bass by Will Lee
  • Guitars by Hamish Stuart and Phil Upchurch
  • Piano by Richard Tee
  • Engineer by James Douglass

Charts

Chart (1978–1979) Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[5] 27
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[6] 20
Ireland (IRMA)[7] 16
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[8] 19
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[9] 15
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[10] 18
UK Singles (OCC)[11] 11
US Billboard Hot 100[12] 21
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[3] 30
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[13] 1
Chart (1989) Peak
position
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[14] 20
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[15] 31
Ireland (IRMA)[7] 7
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[8] 9
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[16] 9
UK Singles (OCC)[17] 8

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[18]
Sales since November 14, 2004 		Gold 400,000‡
United States (RIAA)[19] Gold 500,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Whitney Houston version

"I'm Every Woman"
Standard artwork (U.S. edition)
Single by Whitney Houston
from the album The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album
B-side"Who Do You Love"
ReleasedJanuary 2, 1993
RecordedAugust 19, 1992[20]
StudioTarpan Studios, San Rafael, CA, Ocean Way
Genre
Length4:47
LabelArista
Songwriter(s)
  • Nickolas Ashford
  • Valerie Simpson
Producer(s)
Whitney Houston singles chronology
"I Will Always Love You"
(1992) 		"I'm Every Woman"
(1993) 		"I Have Nothing"
(1993)
Music video
"I'm Every Woman" on YouTube

American singer and actress Whitney Houston recorded "I'm Every Woman" for The Bodyguard soundtrack. Houston's version was produced by Narada Michael Walden, with additional production by David Cole and Robert Clivillés from C+C Music Factory. It was released as Houston's second single from the soundtrack on January 2, 1993, by Arista Records. Her version adds the introduction "Whatever you want, whatever you need..." where Houston contributed to the song. Randee St. Nicholas directed the music video for the song, featuring a pregnant Houston. A live performance of "I'm Every Woman" was included in the 1999 release Divas Live '99 as a duet with Chaka Khan. A 1994 performance was included on the 2014 CD and DVD release, Whitney Houston Live: Her Greatest Performances.[21]

Release

When "I'm Every Woman" was released, Houston's preceding single, "I Will Always Love You," was still at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 (it remained there for eight more weeks). Houston's version of "I'm Every Woman" peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 in just its seventh and eighth week of release; remaining in the top 40 for nineteen weeks. The song became number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart,[22] reached number five on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart,[23] and cracked the top 40 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart. Houston's cover was also a bigger international hit than the original version as it peaked within the top 5 in the UK and several other countries, and the top 20 in France, Australia, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Contrary to popular belief, Houston did not perform backing vocals on Khan's original 1978 version. Chaka Khan confirmed this in an interview with Lester Holt in 2012.[24] As a tribute to her, however, Houston proclaims Khan's name towards the end of the song.

Critical reception

AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine praised Houston's cover version of "I'm Every Woman", stating that it's a "first-rate" urban pop song "that skillfully capture[s] Houston at her best."[25] Larry Flick from Billboard wrote, "Utilizing the original version's instantly recognizable vocal arrangement, Houston belts with unbridled confidence and power."[26] Randy Clark from Cash Box declared it as a "dance-inspired tune", noting its "discotheque feel and obvious dance floor appeal". He added, "Although Whitney is the strongest aspect of this song, the combination of her voice and the house jam should launch this track high onto various charts and playlists alike."[27] Entertainment Weekly's Amy Linden praised the cover as "triumphant". She explained, "To take on another diva's material requires the female equivalent of cojones, and Houston (wisely) doesn't muck around with the original's overall tone or arrangement. But she sure does it justice, even adding a sly Chaka shout-out as the cut fades."[28]

Alan Jones from Music Week felt the singer "does her best to xerox the performance of Chaka Khan."[29] Nancy Culp from NME said her "Whitney-ed version" is "well over the top and she carries it decently, but lacks the real soul to give it punch."[30] Stephen Holden of The New York Times wrote, "Though not as exuberantly sexy as the original, her version [...] is a respectable imitation."[31] A writer from Rolling Stone called it an overwrought remake and added that Whitney undermined her soul roots.[32] USA Today complimented the song, "She adds surprises: Chaka Khan's "I'm Every Woman" becomes sweaty house music."[33]

Music video

The accompanying music video for "I'm Every Woman" was directed by Randee St. Nicholas, and features a very pregnant Houston performing the song, while scenes from The Bodyguard are intercut into the clip. The video also features cameo appearances by Houston's mother Cissy Houston as well as by Chaka Khan, Valerie Simpson, Martha Wash and labelmate TLC. The song won Houston an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video, and received a Grammy Award nomination in 1994 for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. The video was later made available on Houston's official YouTube channel in 2009 and had generated more than 90 million views as of early 2024.[34]

Track listings and formats

Credits and personnel

  • Performed by Whitney Houston
  • Produced by Narada Michael Walden
  • Additional production and remix by Robert Clivilles and David Cole
  • Vocal arrangement inspired by Chaka Khan
  • Additional vocal arrangement and production by Robert Clivilles and David Cole
  • Percussion by Bashiri Johnson
  • Roland TR-909 Programming by Louis Biancaniello, James Alfano and Chauncey Mahan
  • Recording engineers – Matt Rohr, Marc Reyburn
  • Additional production recording engineers – Acar S. Key, Richard Joseph
  • Mixing engineer – Bob Rosa
  • Executive producers - Clive Davis, Whitney Houston

Charts

Certifications and sales

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[79] Gold 35,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[96] Silver 200,000‡
United States (RIAA)[97] Platinum 1,000,000‡

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Region Date Format(s) Label(s) Ref.
United States January 2, 1993
  • 7-inch vinyl
  • 12-inch vinyl
  • CD
  • cassette
 Arista [citation needed]
Sweden January 11, 1993 CD [98]
United Kingdom February 8, 1993
  • 7-inch vinyl
  • 12-inch vinyl
  • CD
  • cassette
 [99]
Japan March 24, 1993 Mini-CD [100]

Other versions

After the popularity of the Whitney Houston version, The Oprah Winfrey Show unveiled its "I'm Every Woman" campaign in the 1993–94 season, using a cover version with remade lyrics in promos[101] and an instrumental rendition used as the theme song. Girls Aloud covered "I'm Every Woman" on the UK Discomania album released in 2004.[102] In 2006, it was recorded in the fifth season of American Idol by Mandisa, and put on the album American Idol Season 5: Encores.[103] Country pop singer and songwriter Taylor Swift also recorded the song when she was trying to get a record label.[104]

See also

References

  1. ^ Echols, Alice (March 29, 2010). "Ladies' Night: Women and Disco". Hot Stuff: Disco and the Remaking of American Culture. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-393-06675-3.
  2. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 321.
  3. ^ a b Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco: 1974-2003. Record Research. p. 144.
  4. ^ Dolan, Jon; Lopez, Julyssa; Matos, Michaelangelo; Shaffer, Claire (July 22, 2022). "200 Greatest Dance Songs of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  5. ^ "Kent Music Report No 247 – 19 March 1979 > National Top 100 Singles". Kent Music Report. Retrieved September 16, 2020 – via Imgur.com. N.B. David Kent's Australian Chart Book 1970–1992, which is often cited for Australian chart peaks prior to mid-1988, contains the wrong peak for this single.
  6. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
  7. ^ a b c "Application error (Rails)". Archived from the original on July 21, 2011.
  8. ^ a b "Nederlandse Top 40 – Chaka Khan" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  9. ^ "Chaka Khan – I'm Every Woman" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  10. ^ "Chaka Khan – I'm Every Woman". Top 40 Singles.
  11. ^ "Chaka Khan: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
  12. ^ "Chaka Khan Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
  13. ^ "Chaka Khan Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard.
  14. ^ "Chaka Khan – I'm Every Woman (Remix)" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
  15. ^ "Eurochart Hot 100" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 6, no. 21. May 27, 1989. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
  16. ^ "Chaka Khan – I'm Every Woman (Remix)" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  17. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 40 | Official Charts Company". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  18. ^ "British single certifications – Chaka Khan – I'm Every Woman". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  19. ^ "American single certifications – Chaka Khan – I'm Every Woman". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  20. ^ "I'm Every Woman (Clivilles & Cole House Mix I Edit) * Whitney Houston Official Site".
  21. ^ Andy Kellman. "Live: Her Greatest Performances". AllMusic.
  22. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Hot Dance/Disco: 1974-2003. Record Research. p. 124.
  23. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 263.
  24. ^ Holt, Lester. "Chaka Khan: Whitney like a sister". NBC Today Show. NBC. Retrieved February 12, 2012.[dead link‍]
  25. ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "The Bodyguard [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]". AllMusic.
  26. ^ Flick, Larry (January 23, 1993). "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. p. 80. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  27. ^ Clark, Randy (January 23, 1993). "Music Reviews: Singles" (PDF). Cash Box. p. 5. Retrieved November 1, 2020.
  28. ^ Linden, Amy. "The Bodyguard (soundtrack) - EW.com". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Archived from the original on July 12, 2009. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
  29. ^ Jones, Alan (February 6, 1993). "Market Preview: Mainstream - Singles" (PDF). Music Week. p. 10. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  30. ^ Culp, Nancy (November 21, 1992). "Long Play". NME. p. 34. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  31. ^ Holden, Stephen (December 20, 1992). "Record Brief". The New York Times.
  32. ^ "Whitney Houston: Album Guide | Rolling Stone Music". Rolling Stone. March 24, 2014. Archived from the original on March 24, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  33. ^ "The Bodyguard Soundtrack". Archived from the original on October 4, 2011.
  34. ^ "Whitney Houston - I'm Every Woman (Official Video)". YouTube. November 14, 2009. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  35. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  36. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  37. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  38. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 100236." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  39. ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 1741." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  40. ^ "Top RPM Dance/Urban: Issue 1786." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  41. ^ Lwin, Nanda (2000). Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide. Music Data Canada. p. 135. ISBN 1-896594-13-1.
  42. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 10. March 6, 1993. p. 20. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  43. ^ "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 10. March 6, 1993. p. 19. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  44. ^ "European Dance Radio Top 25" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 15. April 10, 1993. p. 9. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
  45. ^ "EHR Top 40" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 13. March 27, 1993. p. 30. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
  46. ^ Pennanen, Timo (2006). Sisältää hitin: Levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972. Finland: Otava. p. 161. ISBN 951-1-21053-X.
  47. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  48. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  49. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 15. April 10, 1993. p. 24. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  50. ^ "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 (26.02.1993 – 04.03.1993)" (PDF). Dagblaðið Vísir – Tónlist. Retrieved February 4, 2018.[permanent dead link‍]
  51. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 12. March 20, 1993. p. 24. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  52. ^ "Whitney Houston - I'm Every Woman". Top40.nl. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  53. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  54. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  55. ^ "Whitney Houston – dorobek wykonawcy na LP3" (in Polish). LP3. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
  56. ^ "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 16. April 17, 1993. p. 28. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  57. ^ Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. p. 810. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  58. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". Singles Top 100. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  59. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  60. ^ "Whitney Houston: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  61. ^ "Top 50 Airplay Chart" (PDF). Music Week. March 27, 1993. p. 22. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
  62. ^ "Top 60 Dance Singles" (PDF). Music Week. February 20, 1993. p. 20. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
  63. ^ "The RM Club Chart" (PDF). Music Week, in Record Mirror (Dance Update Supplemental insert). February 20, 1993. p. 4. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
  64. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  65. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  66. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  67. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  68. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
  69. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  70. ^ "Cash Box Top 100 Singles – Week ending March 20, 1993". Cash Box. March 20, 1993. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  71. ^ "Cash Box R&B Singles - Week ending March 27, 1993". Cash Box. March 27, 1993. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  72. ^ "Whitney Houston". Gghunt.utasites.cloud. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  73. ^ "ARIA Charts: The ARIA Report week commencing 20 February 2012 - Issue #1147" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association Ltd. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 15, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  74. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in French). Les classement single.
  75. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Japan Hot 100)". Billboard.
  76. ^ "Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  77. ^ "Whitney Houston Chart History (Digital Song Sales)". Billboard.
  78. ^ "Local & International Radio Chart Top 100 Week 32 - 2022 - TOSAC". The Official South African Charts. Recording Industry of South Africa. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  79. ^ a b Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 132.
  80. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1993". Hung Medien. Ultratop. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
  81. ^ "Canadian RPM Top 100 Hit Tracks". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. December 18, 1993. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
  82. ^ "The RPM Top 100 Adult Contemporary Tracks of 1993". RPM. 58 (23). RPM Music Publications Ltd. December 18, 1993. ISSN 0315-5994. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2011 – via collectionscanada.gc.ca.
  83. ^ "Canada Top 50 Dance Tracks of 1993". RPM. July 17, 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
  84. ^ "1993 Year-End Sales Charts: Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 51/52. December 18, 1993. p. 15. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  85. ^ "1993 Year-End Airplay Charts: European Dance Radio" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 10, no. 51/52. December 18, 1993. p. 18. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  86. ^ "Top 100 Singles – Jahrescharts 1993" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  87. ^ "Árslistinn 1993". Dagblaðið Vísir (in Icelandic). January 4, 1994. p. 17. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  88. ^ "Single Top 100 over 1993" (PDF). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
  89. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl - Jaaroverzichten - Single 1993" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  90. ^ "Top 100 Singles 1993". Music Week. January 15, 1994. p. 24.
  91. ^ "Airplay Top 50 1993" (PDF). Music Week. January 15, 1994. p. 41. Retrieved May 3, 2024.
  92. ^ "The RM Club Chart 93" (PDF). Music Week, in Record Mirror (Dance Update Supplemental insert). December 25, 1993. p. 4. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  93. ^ "The Year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1993. pp. YE-20. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via World Radio History.
  94. ^ "The Year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1993. pp. YE-52. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via World Radio History.
  95. ^ "The Year in Music: 1993" (PDF). Billboard. December 25, 1993. pp. YE-29. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via World Radio History.
  96. ^ "British single certifications – Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  97. ^ "American single certifications – Whitney Houston – I'm Every Woman". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  98. ^ "Whitney Houston: I'm Every Woman". click2music.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on January 10, 2003. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
  99. ^ "New Releases: Singles". Music Week. February 6, 1993. p. 27.
  100. ^ "アイム・エブリー・ウーマン | ホイットニー・ヒューストン" [I'm Every Woman | Whitney Houston] (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
  101. ^ Rexroat, Jennifer L. (December 11, 2009). "'I'm Everywoman': Oprah Winfrey and Feminist Identification". In Cotten, Trystan T.; Springer, Kimberly (eds.). Stories of Oprah: The Oprahfication of American Culture. pp. 19–32. doi:10.14325/mississippi/9781604734072.003.0003.
  102. ^ "DiscoMania (2004, CD)". Discogs.com. June 21, 2004. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  103. ^ "American Idol Season 5 Encores". Amazon.com. October 20, 2006. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
  104. ^ "Celebuzz". Celebuzz.com. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to I'm Every Woman.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=I%27m_Every_Woman&oldid=1263083406"