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Coordinates: 32°38′41.53″N 51°40′3.32″E / 32.6448694°N 51.6675889°E / 32.6448694; 51.6675889
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{{Short description|Double-level arch bridge located in Isfahan, Iran}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox bridge
{{Infobox bridge
|bridge_name = Si-o-se Pol
|bridge_name = Si-o-se-pol
|image =33pol esfahan.jpg
|image = [[File:33‌ Bridges 3.jpg|250px]]
|caption =
|crosses = [[Zayanderud]]
|official_name = Si-o-se Pol
|carries =
|crosses = [[Zayandeh River]]<ref name=structurae>{{structurae|id=s0001774|name=Allahverdi Khan Bridge}}</ref>
|locale = [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]]
|locale = [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]]
|maint =
|id =
|designer =
|designer =
|design = [[Arch bridge]], double-deck<ref name=structurae />
|design = [[Arch bridge]], double-deck
|material = [[Rock (geology)|Stone and Bricks]]<ref name=structurae />
|material = [[Rock (geology)|Stone]] and [[brick]]
|spans = 33<ref name=structurae />
|spans = 33
|mainspan = {{convert|5.60|m}}
|pierswater =
|mainspan = {{convert|5.60|m}}<ref name=structurae />
|length = {{convert|297.76|m}}
|length = {{convert|297.76|m}}<ref name=structurae />
|width = {{convert|14.75|m}}
|width = {{convert|13.75|m}}<ref name=structurae />
|begin = 1599
|height =
|complete = 1602
|load =
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
| mapframe-zoom = 13
|clearance =
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
|below =
|traffic =
|begin = 1599<ref name=structurae />
|complete = 1602<ref name=structurae />
|open =
|heritage =
|closed =
|toll =
|map_cue =
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|coordinates = {{coord|32|38|40|N|51|40|03|E|region:IR-04_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
|lat =
|long =
|extra ={{Location map | Iran
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|position = right
|background =
|lon_dir=E
|lat_dir=N
|lat_deg = 32
|lat_min = 38
|lat_sec = 40
|lon_deg = 51
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The '''Allahverdi Khan Bridge''' ({{langx|fa|پل الله‌وردی خان}}), popularly known as '''Si-o-se-pol''' ({{langx|fa|سی‌وسه‌پل|lit=[the] bridge of thirty-three [spans]}}),<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Isfahan x. Monuments (5) Bridges |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |date=5 April 2012 |orig-year=15 December 2007 |publisher=Bibliotheca Persica Press |location=New York City |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-x5-bridges |volume=XIV |last1=Babaie |first1=Sussan |last2=Haug |first2=Robert |editor-last=Yarshater |editor-first=Ehsan |access-date=25 September 2015 |series=1}}</ref> is the largest of the eleven historical [[bridge]]s on the [[Zayanderud]], the largest river of the [[Iranian Plateau]], in [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Iran |last=Wagret |first=Paul |year=1977 |publisher=Nagel Publishers |location=Geneva |isbn=2-8263-0026-1 |pages=226 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzsjAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>


The bridge was built in the early 17th century to serve as both a bridge and a [[dam]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/419696/Drought-poses-no-threat-to-Isfahan-s-Si-o-Se-Pol-official |title=Drought poses no threat to Isfahan's Si-o-Se-Pol: official |work=Tehran Times |date=25 December 2017}}</ref>
'''Allāhverdi Khan Bridge''' ({{lang-fa|پل الله‌وردی‌خان}}), popularly known as '''Si-o-seh pol''' ({{lang-fa|سی وسه پل}}; {{IPA-fa|ˈsiː oˈseh ˈpol|}}, “The bridge of thirty-three spans”)<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia|title =Isfahan x. Monuments (5) Bridges|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|date=April 5, 2012|orig-year=December 15, 2007|publisher=Bibliotheca Persica Press|location=New York City|url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-x5-bridges|volume= XIV|last1=Babaie|first1=Sussan|last2=Haug|first2=Robert|editor-last=Yarshater
|editor-first=Ehsan|access-date=September 25, 2015|series=1}}</ref> is one of the eleven bridges of [[Isfahan]], [[Iran]] and the longest bridge on [[Zayandeh River]] with the total length of {{convert|297.76|m}}. It is highly ranked as being one of the most famous examples of [[Safavid]] [[bridge]] design.


==History==
It was constructed by the finance and the inspection of [[Allahverdi Khan Undiladze]] chancellor of Shah Abbas I, an [[Georgians in Iran|ethnic Georgian]], it consists of two rows of 33 [[arch]]es from either sides, left and right. There is a larger base plank at the start of the bridge where the [[Zayandeh River]] flows under it, supporting a tea house which nowadays is abandoned due to the shortage of water and the river drought.
Si-o-se-pol was built between 1599 and 1602,<ref name="Structurae">{{cite web |url=https://structurae.net/structures/allahverdi-khan-bridge |title=Allahverdi Khan Bridge |work=Structurae |access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> under the reign of [[Abbas the Great]], the fifth emperor of [[Safavid Iran]]. It was constructed under the supervision of [[Allahverdi Khan|Allahverdi Khan Undiladze]], the commander-in-chief of the armies, who was of [[Iranian Georgians|Georgian]] origin, and was also named after him.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4Yr4foWFFgC |title=Iran Under the Safavids |first=Roger |last=Savory |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=170 |year=2007 |isbn=978-0521042512}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Patricia L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RT0bAgAAQBAJ&dq=Allahverdi+Khan+Bridge&pg=PA130 |title=Iran |last2=Smith |first2=Hilary |last3=Oleynik |first3=Maria |date=2014 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-402-0 |language=en}}</ref> The bridge served particularly as a connection between the mansions of the elite, as well as a link to the city's vital [[Iranian Armenians|Armenian neighborhood]] of [[New Julfa]].<ref name="Iranica"/>
==Image gallery==

<gallery mode=packed>
In years of drought (2000–02 and 2013), the river was dammed upstream to provide water for [[Yazd province]].<ref name=":0" />
Image:Si-o-se Pol-night2.JPG|Inner view at night
<gallery mode="packed">
Image:Si-o-se Pol, Isfahán, Irán, 2016-09-20, DD 93.jpg|Inner view at day
Image:Si-o-se Pol, Isfahan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 04-06 HDR.jpg|33 Pol night view
Si-o-se Pol, Isfahan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 07-15 HDR PAN.jpg|[[Panoramic photography]] of the bridge
</gallery>
Image:Si-o-se Pol, Isfahan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 07-15 HDR PAN.jpg|The whole view of 33 Pol at night

Image:33pol.JPG|A view of the whole bridge
==Structure==
Image:33pol-up.JPG|One of the bridges from top
The bridge has a total length of {{convert|297.76|m}} and a total width of {{convert|14.75|m|}}. It is a vaulted arch bridge consisting of two superimposed rows of 33 [[arch]]es, from whence its popular name of ''Si-o-se-pol'' comes, and is made of stone. The longest span is about {{convert|5.60|m}}.<ref name="Structurae"/> The interior of Si-o-se-pol was originally decorated with paintings, which were often described by travelers as erotic.<ref name="Iranica"/>
[[File:Siosepol Bridge, Isfahan, Iran.jpg|thumb|A photo of the siosepol bridge in Isfahan, iran]]

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:53 Chardin Si-o-se Pol.jpg|A 17th-century drawing of Si-o-se-pol by [[Jean Chardin]].
File:33 pol.JPG|Benches and tables next to Si-o-se-pol.
File:33pol-innerview.JPG|A view of the arches under Si-o-se-pol.
File:سی و سه پل1.jpg|Si-o-se-pol in December 2015.
File:33 Bridge Isfahan Aarash (14).jpg|Si-o-se-pol's view of the [[Zayanderud]].
File:Statue of Allah-Verdi Khan, Isfahan.jpg|The statue of [[Allahverdi Khan]], next to the bridge.
File:Si-o-se Pol, Isfahan, Irán, 2016-09-19, DD 04-06 HDR.jpg|Si-o-se-pol at night.
File:نمای سی و سه پل از روبروی میدان انقلاب.jpg|Si-o-se-pol's walkway at night.
File:A photo of Si-o-se-pol.jpg|April 2019
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
*[[File:Avenue in Iran.jpg|30px]] [[Chahar Bagh Street|Chahar Bagh Abbasi Street]]
* [[File:Avenue in Iran.svg|30px]] [[Chaharbagh, Isfahan|Chaharbagh Street]]
*[[File:Street in Iran.jpg|18px]] [[Motahari Street (Isfahan)|Motahari Street]]
* [[File:Street in Iran.svg|18px]] Motahari Street
*[[File:Street in Iran.jpg|18px]] [[Kamaloddin Esmaeil Street]]
* [[File:Street in Iran.svg|18px]] Kamaloddin Esmaeil Street
* [[File:Avenue in Iran.jpg|30px]] [[Chahar Bagh Street|Chahar Bagh Bala Street]]
* [[File:Avenue in Iran.svg|30px]] [[Chahar Bagh Street|Chahar Bagh Bala Street]]
* [[File:Street in Iran.jpg|18px]] [[Mellat Street (Isfahan)|Mellat Street]]
* [[File:Street in Iran.svg|18px]] Mellat Street
* [[File:Street in Iran.jpg|18px]] [[Ayenekhaneh Street]]
* [[File:Street in Iran.svg|18px]] Ayenekhaneh Street
* [[File:Zeichen 123.svg|30px]][[File:Esfahan Metro Logo.png|30px]] [[Enqelab Metro Station (Isfahan)|Enqelab Metro Station]]
* [[File:Esfahan Metro Logo.png|30px]] Enqelab Metro Station
* [[File:Zeichen 123.svg|30px]][[File:Esfahan Metro Logo.png|30px]] [[Si-o-se Pol Station]]
* [[File:Esfahan Metro Logo.png|30px]] [[Si-o-se Pol Metro Station (Isfahan)|Si-o-se Pol Metro Station]]


==Notes==
==See also==
*[[Risbaf factory]]
{{Commons category|Si-o-se Pol}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==References==
==Further reading==
* {{Encyclopaedia Islamica|last1=Poornaderi|first1=Hossein|last2=Qasemi|first2=Jawad|last3=Zand|first3=Roxane|title=Allāhwirdī Khān|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/allahwirdi-khan-COM_0261?s.num=13&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-islamica&s.q=alam+ara|year=2008}}
*[http://www.isfahan.org.uk/pol33/33pol.html About Si-o-Seh Pol]
*{{cite book |title=Iran. Nagel's encyclopedia-guide |last=Wagret |first=Paul |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1977 |publisher=Nagel Publishers |location=Geneva |isbn=2-8263-0026-1 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hzsjAAAAMAAJ }}
*[http://www.tishineh.com/touritem/810-12/Siosepol More Pictures,Tishineh]
{{Esfahan Province}}


{{Commons category|Si-o-se Pol}}
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1602]]
{{Isfahan Province}}
[[Category:Bridges in Iran]]
[[Category:Bridges in Isfahan]]
[[Category:Safavid architecture]]
[[Category:1602 establishments in Iran]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Isfahan]]


{{Bridges in Iran}}


[[Category:Tourist attractions in Isfahan]]
{{Iran-bridge-struct-stub}}
[[Category:Bridges in Isfahan]]
[[Category:Bridges in Iran]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in the 17th century]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1602]]
[[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in the 1600s]]
[[Category:1602 establishments in Iran]]
[[Category:Safavid architecture]]

Latest revision as of 20:51, 14 December 2024

Si-o-se-pol
Coordinates32°38′41.53″N 51°40′3.32″E / 32.6448694°N 51.6675889°E / 32.6448694; 51.6675889
CrossesZayanderud
LocaleIsfahan, Iran
Characteristics
DesignArch bridge, double-deck
MaterialStone and brick
Total length297.76 metres (976.9 ft)
Width14.75 metres (48.4 ft)
Longest span5.60 metres (18.4 ft)
No. of spans33
History
Construction start1599
Construction end1602
Location
Map

The Allahverdi Khan Bridge (Persian: پل الله‌وردی خان), popularly known as Si-o-se-pol (Persian: سی‌وسه‌پل, lit. '[the] bridge of thirty-three [spans]'),[1] is the largest of the eleven historical bridges on the Zayanderud, the largest river of the Iranian Plateau, in Isfahan, Iran.[2]

The bridge was built in the early 17th century to serve as both a bridge and a dam.[3]

History

[edit]

Si-o-se-pol was built between 1599 and 1602,[4] under the reign of Abbas the Great, the fifth emperor of Safavid Iran. It was constructed under the supervision of Allahverdi Khan Undiladze, the commander-in-chief of the armies, who was of Georgian origin, and was also named after him.[5][6] The bridge served particularly as a connection between the mansions of the elite, as well as a link to the city's vital Armenian neighborhood of New Julfa.[1]

In years of drought (2000–02 and 2013), the river was dammed upstream to provide water for Yazd province.[6]

Structure

[edit]

The bridge has a total length of 297.76 metres (976.9 ft) and a total width of 14.75 metres (48.4 ft). It is a vaulted arch bridge consisting of two superimposed rows of 33 arches, from whence its popular name of Si-o-se-pol comes, and is made of stone. The longest span is about 5.60 metres (18.4 ft).[4] The interior of Si-o-se-pol was originally decorated with paintings, which were often described by travelers as erotic.[1]

[edit]
  • A 17th-century drawing of Si-o-se-pol by Jean Chardin.
    A 17th-century drawing of Si-o-se-pol by Jean Chardin.
  • Benches and tables next to Si-o-se-pol.
    Benches and tables next to Si-o-se-pol.
  • A view of the arches under Si-o-se-pol.
    A view of the arches under Si-o-se-pol.
  • Si-o-se-pol in December 2015.
    Si-o-se-pol in December 2015.
  • Si-o-se-pol's view of the Zayanderud.
    Si-o-se-pol's view of the Zayanderud.
  • The statue of Allahverdi Khan, next to the bridge.
    The statue of Allahverdi Khan, next to the bridge.
  • Si-o-se-pol at night.
    Si-o-se-pol at night.
  • Si-o-se-pol's walkway at night.
    Si-o-se-pol's walkway at night.
  • April 2019
    April 2019

Transportation

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Babaie, Sussan; Haug, Robert (5 April 2012) [15 December 2007]. "Isfahan x. Monuments (5) Bridges". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. 1. Vol. XIV. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  2. ^ Wagret, Paul (1977). Iran. Geneva: Nagel Publishers. p. 226. ISBN 2-8263-0026-1.
  3. ^ "Drought poses no threat to Isfahan's Si-o-Se-Pol: official". Tehran Times. 25 December 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Allahverdi Khan Bridge". Structurae. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  5. ^ Savory, Roger (2007). Iran Under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0521042512.
  6. ^ a b Baker, Patricia L.; Smith, Hilary; Oleynik, Maria (2014). Iran. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-402-0.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Si-o-se Pol.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Si-o-se-pol&oldid=1263124236"