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{{Short description|Martial arts organisation}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
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| map2 =
| map2 =
| abbreviation =
| abbreviation =
| motto = 爱国、修身、正义、助人 <br /> {{small|(''Love One's Country, Cultivate One's Character, Righteousness, Helping Others'')}}<ref>[http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lflyz.asp?id=1 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812124501/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lflyz.asp?id=1 |date=August 12, 2013 }}</ref>
| predecessor =
| predecessor =
| merged =
| merged =
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| formation = {{Start date and years ago|1910|07|07}}
| formation = {{Start date and years ago|1910|07|07}}
| founder = [[Huo Yuanjia]]
| founder = [[Huo Yuanjia]]
| founding_location = [[Shanghai]], [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]]
| founding_location =
| extinction =
| extinction =
| type = [[International nongovernmental organization|INGO]]
| type =
| status = Federation
| status =
| purpose = Martial arts
| purpose =
| headquarters =
| headquarters = Number 30, Lane 1702, [[North Sichuan Road (Shanghai)|North Sichuan Road]], [[Hongkou District]], [[Shanghai]]<ref>[http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/index.asp ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812130703/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/index.asp |date=August 12, 2013 }}</ref>
| location = [[China]]
| location = [[China]]
| coords =
| coords =
| region_served = Worldwide
| region_served =
| membership =
| membership =
| language = Chinese
| language =
| general =
| general = Chen Neihua<ref name="Chin Woo committee">[http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lldjg.asp?id=3 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812124645/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lldjg.asp?id=3 |date=August 12, 2013 }}</ref>
| leader_title = President
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_name = Xue Hairong<ref>[http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lldjg.asp?id=1 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026134253/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lldjg.asp?id=1 |date=October 26, 2012 }}</ref>
| leader_title2 = Vice President
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 = Jia Ruibao<ref name="Chin Woo committee" />
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 = Vice Secretary General
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 = Shen Gongxing<ref name="Chin Woo committee" />
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 = Vice Secretary General
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 = Fang Ting<ref name="Chin Woo committee" />
| leader_name4 =
| key_people =
| key_people =
| main_organ = Committee
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations =
| affiliations =
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| num_staff =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| num_volunteers =
| website = {{url|http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/}}
| website =
| remarks =
| remarks =
}}
}}


'''Chin Woo Athletic Association''' (also '''Jing Wu Athletic Association''') is an international martial arts organisation founded in [[Shanghai]], [[China]], on July 7, 1910, but some sources cite dates in 1909.<ref name = "Kennedy">{{cite book | author = Kennedy and Guo | title = Jingwu|year=2010 | page = 2 | publisher = Blue Snake Books | isbn = 978-1-58394-242-0}}</ref> Its name is also spelled in many other ways throughout the world - '''Ching Mo''', '''Chin Woo''', '''Ching Mou''', '''Ching Wu''', '''Jing Mo''', '''Jing Wo''', '''Jing Wu''' - but all of them are based on the same two Chinese characters - ''jing wu'' ({{zh|c=精武|p=Jīng Wǔ|w=Ching Wu|j=Zing<sup>1</sup> Mou<sup>5</sup>}}). It has at least 59 branches based in 22 or more countries worldwide, where it is usually known as an "athletic association" or "federation".<ref name="Chin Woo branches">{{cite web|url=http://www.chinwoo.com/directory.htm|title=The official site to world chinwoo organizations|work=chinwoo.com|accessdate=2015-10-11}}</ref>
'''Chin Woo Athletic Association''' ({{zh|t=精武體育會|s=精武体育会|p=Jīngwǔ Tǐyùhuì}}){{efn|Its name is also spelled in many other ways throughout the world - '''Jing Wu''', '''Ching Mo''', '''Chin Woo''', '''Ching Mou''', '''Ching Wu''', '''Jing Mo''', '''Jing Wo''' - based on different [[Romanization of Chinese|romanizations]] of the same two Chinese characters ({{Zh|s=精武|l=mastering martial art|p=Jīng Wǔ|w=Ching Wu|j=Zing<sup>1</sup> Mou<sup>5</sup>}})<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1351675957 |title=Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo zheng qu da dian. Tianjin juan. |date=2020 |isbn=978-7-5087-6215-9 |edition=Di 1 ban |location=Beijing |oclc=1351675957}}</ref>}} is an international martial arts organization founded in [[Shanghai]], [[China]], on July 7, 1910, but some sources cite dates in 1909.<ref name = "Kennedy">{{cite book | author = Kennedy and Guo | title = Jingwu|year=2010 | page = 2 | publisher = Blue Snake Books | isbn = 978-1-58394-242-0}}</ref> It has almost over 80 branches based in 30 or more countries worldwide, where it is usually known as an "athletic association" or "federation".<ref name="Chin Woo branches">{{cite web|url=http://www.chinwoo.com/directory.htm|title=The official site to world chinwoo organizations|work=chinwoo.com|accessdate=2015-10-11}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Jing Wu was founded as the '''Jing Wu Athletic Association''' ({{zh|t=精武體育會|s=精武体育会|p=Jīngwǔ Tǐyùhuì}}) in [[Shanghai]], [[China]] in the early 20th century. Many sources, including the official websites of its branches in various countries,<ref name="chinwoo.org.cn">[http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lxwzc.asp?id=1 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060418083600/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lxwzc.asp?id=1 |date=April 18, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinwoo.com/history.htm|title=The official site to world chinwoo organizations|work=chinwoo.com|accessdate=2015-10-11}}</ref><ref>[http://www.chinwoo.org/history.htm ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031071956/http://www.chinwoo.org/history.htm |date=October 31, 2015 }}</ref> claim that Jing Wu was founded by the martial artist [[Huo Yuanjia]], who died not long after its establishment. Jing Wu was actually founded by a committee of persons, including members of the [[Tongmenghui]], such as [[Chen Qimei]], [[Nong Zhu]], and [[Chen Tiesheng]].<ref name="chinwoo.org.cn"/> Due to Huo's popularity and recent death, the committee had decided that he should be the "face" of Jing Wu, resulting in his strong association with it.<ref>{{cite news|title= Martial Arts of the Jingwu|work= Kung Fu Magazine|url= http://www.kungfumagazine.com/ezine/article.php?article=924|accessdate=2010-10-14}}</ref>
Jing Wu was founded as the Jing Wu Athletic Association in [[Shanghai]], [[China]] in the early 20th century. Many sources, including the official websites of its branches in various countries,<ref name="chinwoo.org.cn">[http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lxwzc.asp?id=1 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060418083600/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/lxwzc.asp?id=1 |date=April 18, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinwoo.com/history.htm|title=The official site to world chinwoo organizations|work=chinwoo.com|accessdate=2015-10-11}}</ref><ref>[http://www.chinwoo.org/history.htm ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031071956/http://www.chinwoo.org/history.htm |date=October 31, 2015 }}</ref> claim that Jing Wu was founded by the martial artist [[Huo Yuanjia]], who died not long after its establishment. Jing Wu was actually founded by a committee of persons, including members of the [[Tongmenghui]], such as [[Chen Qimei]], [[Nong Zhu]], and [[Chen Tiesheng]].<ref name="chinwoo.org.cn"/> Due to Huo's popularity and recent death, the committee had decided that he should be the "face" of Jing Wu, resulting in his strong association with it.<ref>{{cite news|title= Martial Arts of the Jingwu|work= Kung Fu Magazine|url= http://www.kungfumagazine.com/ezine/article.php?article=924|accessdate=2010-10-14}}</ref>


⚫
As one of the first public martial arts institutes in China, Jing Wu was intended to create a structured environment for teaching and learning martial arts as opposed to the secretive training that had been common in the past. The founders of Jing Wu felt that the association would keep alive traditions that secrecy and social change would otherwise doom. The basic curriculum drew from several styles of martial arts, giving practitioners a well-rounded martial background in addition to whatever they wished to specialize in. Jing Wu inspired the ecumenism seen in the Chinese martial arts community during the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republican era]], giving rise to such efforts as the [[Central Guoshu Institute|National Martial Arts Institutes]]. [[Sun Yat-sen]], founder of the Republic of China, attended the third annual event held by Jing Wu in 1915, giving a speech of encouragement to the attendees.<ref name="chinwoo.org.cn"/> When Sun Yat-sen attended again at the 10th annual event in 1920, he also wrote for a special Jing Wu newsletter and made a plaque with the engraving "martial spirit".<ref name="chinwoo.org.cn"/>
After Jing Wu was founded, a number of prominent martial artists in China at that time were invited to teach there. They include: [[Chen Zizheng]] (陳子正), [[Eagle Claw]] master; [[Luo Guangyu]] (羅光玉), [[Seven Star Praying Mantis]] master; [[Geng Jishan]] (耿繼善), [[Xingyiquan|Xingyi]] master; [[Wu Jianquan]], founder of [[Wu-style taijiquan]], and [[Zhao Lianhe]] (趙連和), a master of the [[Northern Shaolin (martial art)|Northern Shaolin]], became Chief Instructor after Huo Yuanjia's death.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


⚫
During the period of the Japanese sphere of influence, the [[Twenty-One Demands]] sent to the government of [[Republic of China (1912–49)|the Republic of China]] resulted in two treaties with Japan on 25 May 1915. This prevented the ruling class from exercising full control over the commoners. With their new freedom, Huo's students purchased a new building to serve as the organization's headquarters and named it "Jing Wu Athletic Association". The association accepted new styles of martial arts other than those taught by Huo. In 1918, Jing Wu Athletic Association opened a branch at [[Nathan Road]] in Hong Kong.
⚫
As one of the first public martial arts institutes in China, Jing Wu was intended to create a structured environment for teaching and learning martial arts as opposed to the secretive training that had been common in the past. The founders of Jing Wu felt that the association would keep alive traditions that secrecy and social change would otherwise doom. The basic curriculum drew from several styles of martial arts, giving practitioners a well-rounded martial background in addition to whatever they wished to specialise in. Jing Wu inspired the ecumenism seen in the Chinese martial arts community during the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republican era]], giving rise to such efforts as the [[Central Guoshu Institute|National Martial Arts Institutes]]. [[Sun Yat-sen]], founder of the Republic of China, attended the third annual event held by Jing Wu in 1915, giving a speech of encouragement to the attendees.<ref name="chinwoo.org.cn"/> When Sun Yat-sen attended again at the 10th annual event in 1920, he also wrote for a special Jing Wu newsletter and made a plaque with the engraving "martial spirit".<ref name="chinwoo.org.cn"/>

⚫
During the period of the Japanese sphere of influence, the [[Twenty-One Demands]] sent to the government of [[Republic of China (1912–49)|the Republic of China]] resulted in two treaties with Japan on 25 May 1915. This prevented the ruling class from exercising full control over the commoners. With their new freedom, Huo's students purchased a new building to serve as the organisation's headquarters and named it "Jing Wu Athletic Association". The association accepted new styles of martial arts other than those taught by Huo. In 1918, Jing Wu Athletic Association opened a branch at [[Nathan Road]] in Hong Kong.


In July 1919, Jing Wu Athletic Association sent five representatives to Southeast Asia to expand their activities overseas. The five were Chen Gongzhe, Li Huisheng, Luo Xiaoao, Chen Shizhao and Ye Shutian. They made their first stop in Saigon, Vietnam, where they opened the first Chin Woo school outside of China. They opened schools in Malaysia and Singapore later as well. By 1923, these five masters had opened schools all over Southeast Asia and visited nine different countries.
In July 1919, Jing Wu Athletic Association sent five representatives to Southeast Asia to expand their activities overseas. The five were Chen Gongzhe, Li Huisheng, Luo Xiaoao, Chen Shizhao and Ye Shutian. They made their first stop in Saigon, Vietnam, where they opened the first Chin Woo school outside of China. They opened schools in Malaysia and Singapore later as well. By 1923, these five masters had opened schools all over Southeast Asia and visited nine different countries.


==Present==
In 1966, Shanghai's Jing Wu school was forced to discontinue its activities during the [[Cultural Revolution]], whose goals were to destroy old ideas, cultures and customs for the purpose of modernizing China. Those restrictions were lifted in 1976, after which Shanghai's Chin Woo school resumed its activities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/ |title=上海精武体育総会 |access-date=2006-07-09 |archive-date=2006-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060203041130/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Chin Woo is currently one of the largest wushu organisations in the world with branches in various countries, including Japan, Hong Kong, Macau, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Poland, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Switzerland. The United States headquarters of Chin Woo is located at 899 E. Arapaho Rd., Richardson, TX 75081.<ref>{{cite web|title=Directory of World Chin Woo Federations|url=http://www.chinwoo.com/directory.htm|accessdate=7 December 2015}}</ref>

==Curriculum==
During the early days of Jing Wu in Shanghai, the chief instructor, Zhao Lianhe, developed a curriculum that became the standard Jing Wu sets (Fundamental Routines).
* [[Tán Tuǐ|Shi Er Lu Tan Tui]] (十二路潭腿; Twelve Roads of Spring Leg)
* ''Gong Li Quan'' (功力拳; Power Fist)
* ''Jie Quan'' (节拳; Connecting Fist)
* ''Da Zhan Quan'' (大战拳; Big Battle Fist)
* ''Qun Yang Gun'' (群羊棍; Shepherd Staff)
* ''Ba Gua Dao'' (八卦刀; Eight Trigrams Broadsword)
* ''Wu Hu Qiang'' (五虎枪; Five Tiger Spear)
* ''Jie Tan Tui'' (接潭腿; Tan Tui Sparring)
* ''Tao Quan'' (套拳; Set Fist)
* ''Dan Dao Chuan Qiang'' (单刀串枪; Broadsword versus Spear)

Other styles were taught to students as well, but they varied from school to school and depended on the background of the master teaching that style. The standard curriculum, however, was taught in all Jing Wu schools.

==Jing Wu in popular culture==
{{Further|Chen Zhen (character)#Appearances in media}}


==Notes==
[[Fearless (2006 film)|Fearless]] the movie.
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
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| isbn = 1-55643-557-6
| isbn = 1-55643-557-6
}}
}}
* Yandle, Robert (2010) 'Jingwu Athletic Association - 100 Years'. Beckett Media. Dallas, Texas ({{ISBN|978-189251535-3}})
* Yandle, Robert (2010) 'Jingwu Athletic Association - 100 Years'. Beckett Media. Dallas, Texas ({{ISBN|978-189251535-3}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stanway |first=Glen |title=Fearless: The Story of Chin Woo Kung Fu |publisher=lulu.com |year=2013 |isbn=978-1291139686}}</ref>


==External links==
==External links==
{{External links|date=October 2015}}
{{External links|date=October 2015}}
Main branches:
Main branches:
* [http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/ Shanghai Chin Woo Athletic Federation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060203041130/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/ |date=2006-02-03 }}
* [http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/ Shanghai Chin Woo Athletic Federation]
* [http://www.chinwoo.com/ World Jing Wu Federation]
* [http://www.chinwoo.com/directory.htm Locations of Jing Wu Sports Federations all over the world with contact details]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170710033740/http://www.chinwoo.org.my/cn/home.php Malaysia Jing Wu Athletic Association Selangor and Kuala Lumpur]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170710033740/http://www.chinwoo.org.my/cn/home.php Malaysia Jing Wu Athletic Association Selangor and Kuala Lumpur]
* [http://www.chinwoo.com.au Western Australia Chin Woo Athletic Association]
* [http://www.chinwoo.com.au Western Australia Chin Woo Athletic Association]
* [http://www.chinwoo.org.nz Chin Woo Athletic Association of New Zealand]
* [http://www.chinwoo.org.nz Chin Woo Athletic Association of New Zealand]
* [http://www.chinwooitalia.altervista.org/index.html Chin Woo Italia]
* [http://www.chinwooitalia.altervista.org/index.html Chin Woo Italia]
* [http://www.chinwoo.org.cn Shanghai Chin Woo Athletic Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060203041130/http://www.chinwoo.org.cn/ |date=2006-02-03 }} {{in lang|zh}}
* [http://www.chinwoo.org.cn Shanghai Chin Woo Athletic Association]
* [http://www.chinwoo.com/history.htm Chin Woo History]
* [http://www.chinwoo-germany.de/ German Chin Woo Athletic Federation]
* [http://www.chinwoo-germany.de/ German Chin Woo Athletic Federation]
* [http://jingmo.org/ Jingmo.org]
* [http://www.italianchinwoo.it/ Italian Chin Woo Athletic Association]
* [http://www.italianchinwoo.it/ Italian Chin Woo Athletic Association]
* [http://www.chingwu.org/ Ching Wu Athletic Association (Winnipeg, Canada)]
* [http://www.chingwu.org/ Ching Wu Athletic Association (Winnipeg, Canada)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120107020853/http://www.shangwujingwu.com/ Chin Woo Portugal Association (Lisbon, Portugal)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131017013625/http://www.realkungfu.info/ Cloud Forest Chin Woo Martial Arts Association (NC, U.S.A.)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161031160742/http://www.kootenaychinwoo.com/ Western Canada Kootenay Chin Woo (Creston, BC, Canada) ]
* [http://www.jingwu.nl/ The Dutch Chin Woo Foundation]
* [http://www.jingwu.nl/ The Dutch Chin Woo Foundation]


Latest revision as of 05:43, 15 December 2024

Chin Woo Athletic Association
精武體育會
FormationJuly 7, 1910; 114 years ago (1910-07-07)
FounderHuo Yuanjia
Location

Chin Woo Athletic Association (simplified Chinese: 精武体育会; traditional Chinese: 精武體育會; pinyin: Jīngwǔ Tǐyùhuì)[a] is an international martial arts organization founded in Shanghai, China, on July 7, 1910, but some sources cite dates in 1909.[2] It has almost over 80 branches based in 30 or more countries worldwide, where it is usually known as an "athletic association" or "federation".[3]

History

[edit]

Jing Wu was founded as the Jing Wu Athletic Association in Shanghai, China in the early 20th century. Many sources, including the official websites of its branches in various countries,[4][5][6] claim that Jing Wu was founded by the martial artist Huo Yuanjia, who died not long after its establishment. Jing Wu was actually founded by a committee of persons, including members of the Tongmenghui, such as Chen Qimei, Nong Zhu, and Chen Tiesheng.[4] Due to Huo's popularity and recent death, the committee had decided that he should be the "face" of Jing Wu, resulting in his strong association with it.[7]

As one of the first public martial arts institutes in China, Jing Wu was intended to create a structured environment for teaching and learning martial arts as opposed to the secretive training that had been common in the past. The founders of Jing Wu felt that the association would keep alive traditions that secrecy and social change would otherwise doom. The basic curriculum drew from several styles of martial arts, giving practitioners a well-rounded martial background in addition to whatever they wished to specialize in. Jing Wu inspired the ecumenism seen in the Chinese martial arts community during the Republican era, giving rise to such efforts as the National Martial Arts Institutes. Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Republic of China, attended the third annual event held by Jing Wu in 1915, giving a speech of encouragement to the attendees.[4] When Sun Yat-sen attended again at the 10th annual event in 1920, he also wrote for a special Jing Wu newsletter and made a plaque with the engraving "martial spirit".[4]

During the period of the Japanese sphere of influence, the Twenty-One Demands sent to the government of the Republic of China resulted in two treaties with Japan on 25 May 1915. This prevented the ruling class from exercising full control over the commoners. With their new freedom, Huo's students purchased a new building to serve as the organization's headquarters and named it "Jing Wu Athletic Association". The association accepted new styles of martial arts other than those taught by Huo. In 1918, Jing Wu Athletic Association opened a branch at Nathan Road in Hong Kong.

In July 1919, Jing Wu Athletic Association sent five representatives to Southeast Asia to expand their activities overseas. The five were Chen Gongzhe, Li Huisheng, Luo Xiaoao, Chen Shizhao and Ye Shutian. They made their first stop in Saigon, Vietnam, where they opened the first Chin Woo school outside of China. They opened schools in Malaysia and Singapore later as well. By 1923, these five masters had opened schools all over Southeast Asia and visited nine different countries.


Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Its name is also spelled in many other ways throughout the world - Jing Wu, Ching Mo, Chin Woo, Ching Mou, Ching Wu, Jing Mo, Jing Wo - based on different romanizations of the same two Chinese characters (Chinese: 精武; pinyin: Jīng Wǔ; Wade–Giles: Ching Wu; Jyutping: Zing1 Mou5; lit. 'mastering martial art')[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo zheng qu da dian. Tianjin juan (Di 1 ban ed.). Beijing. 2020. ISBN 978-7-5087-6215-9. OCLC 1351675957.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Kennedy and Guo (2010). Jingwu. Blue Snake Books. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-58394-242-0.
  3. ^ "The official site to world chinwoo organizations". chinwoo.com. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  4. ^ a b c d [1] Archived April 18, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "The official site to world chinwoo organizations". chinwoo.com. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  6. ^ [2] Archived October 31, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Martial Arts of the Jingwu". Kung Fu Magazine. Retrieved 2010-10-14.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Morris, Adam (2004). Marrow of the Nation: A History of Sport and Physical Culture in Republican China. The University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24084-7.
  • Kennedy, Brian; Elizabeth Guo (2005). Chinese Martial Arts Training Manuals: A Historical Survey. Berkeley, California: North AtlanticBooks. ISBN 1-55643-557-6.
  • Yandle, Robert (2010) 'Jingwu Athletic Association - 100 Years'. Beckett Media. Dallas, Texas (ISBN 978-189251535-3)[1]
[edit]

Main branches:

Secondary branches:

  1. ^ Stanway, Glen (2013). Fearless: The Story of Chin Woo Kung Fu. lulu.com. ISBN 978-1291139686.
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