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{{Short description|Place or situation where thing or person is tried or tested}}
{{Short description|Place or situation where thing or person is tried or tested}}
{{other uses|Proving ground (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|Proving ground (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Refimprove|date=June 2014}}
{{Refimprove|date=June 2014}}
A '''proving ground''' (US), '''training area''' (Australia, Ireland, UK) or '''training centre''' (Canada) is an installation or reservation in which technology such as weapons, [[military tactics]] and automobile prototypes are experimented with or tested.
A '''proving ground''' is an installation or reservation in which technology such as weapons, [[military tactics]] and automobile prototypes are experimented with or tested. Proving grounds can be operated by government bodies or civilian industries. They are distinct from [[military training area]]s which are run by the military and intended for the routine training and exercising of troops across the terrain.


== Military and government ==
Proving grounds can be operated by government bodies or civilian industries.
=== Germany ===
{{TOC right}}
* [[Peenemünde Army Research Centre]], WW2 guided missile and rocket development and testing centre


===Portugal===
==Military and government==
* [[Field Firing Range of Alcochete]], [[Lisbon and Tagus Valley]] region, an artillery and bombing range facility opened in 1904, under [[Portuguese Air Force]] control since 1993, but also used by other military branches and law enforcement agencies for training purposes. With a surface area of 7,539 hectares, it is located roughly 30 km east of [[Lisbon]]. This proving ground is planned to close and relocate (possibly to [[Mértola]], [[Alentejo]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pereira |first1=Helena |last2=Mesquita |first2=Joana |date=15 May 2024 |title=Campo de Tiro da Força Aérea pode ir de Alcochete para Mértola |trans-title=Air Force proving ground may be relocated from Alcochete to Mértola |url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/05/15/politica/noticia/campo-tiro-forca-aerea-ir-alcochete-mertola-2090577 |language=Portuguese |work=Público |location= |access-date=15 December 2024}}</ref>) owing to the construction of [[Luís de Camões Airport]] (planned to open in 2034).


=== Russia / Former Soviet Union ===
===Asia===
In Russia, a designated area is usually called a "polygon".


====Republic of Korea====

* Anheung Proving Ground, [[Taean County]] (36.680° 126.200°)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1203462/anheung-proving-ground/ |publisher=Arms Control Wonk |first=Jeffrey |last=Lewis |date=June 28, 2017 |title=Anheung Proving Ground |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628195853/http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1203462/anheung-proving-ground/ |archive-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ArmsControlWonk/status/878626457894789125?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armscontrolwonk.com%2Farchive%2F1203462%2Fanheung-proving-ground%2F |publisher=[[Twitter]] |first=Jeffrey |last=Lewis |date=June 24, 2017 |access-date=June 28, 2017 |title=South Korean President Moon watched a missile test. We don't pay enough attention to South Korea's missiles. 1/}}</ref>

=== Australasia ===

====Australia====
* ([[Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area]]) [[Shoalwater Bay]], [[Queensland]] (4545&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)

===Europe===

====Austria====
* [[Allentsteig]], Lower Austria (157&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), largest training area in Austria
* [[Bruckneudorf]], Lower Austria
* [[Ferlach|Glainach]], Carinthia{{citation needed|reason=linked article has no mention of a proving ground|date=January 2018}}
* [[Ebenfurth|Großmittel]], Lower Austria{{citation needed|reason=linked article has no mention of a proving ground|date=January 2018}}
* [[Hochfilzen]], Tyrol{{citation needed|reason=linked article has no mention of a proving ground|date=January 2018}}
* [[Paternion| Marwiesen]], Carinthia{{citation needed|reason=linked article has no mention of a proving ground|date=January 2018}}
* [[Wattentaler Lizum|Lizum-Walchen]], Tyrol (50&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
* [[Zwaring-Pöls|Pöls]], Styria{{citation needed|reason=linked article has no mention of a proving ground|date=January 2018}}
* Seetaler Alpen, Styria{{citation needed|reason=need a reliable source for this proving ground|date=January 2018}}

====Czech Republic====
[[File:VÚ Boletice - panorama.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Military Area Boletice, Czech Republic]]
{{main article|Unincorporated Areas of the Czech Republic}}
There are five proving grounds in the [[Czech Republic]] with the total area of 1296&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.

====Denmark====
* [[Borris Skydeterræn]] (47&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)

====Finland====
* [[Rovajärvi]] proving ground near [[Rovaniemi]] in Lapland is the largest proving ground in Northern Europe.
* The [[Artillery Brigade (Finnish Army)|Artillery Brigade]] in [[Niinisalo]], currently housing the Finnish ordnance [[Research and development|R&D]] center (established 1921)

====Germany====
* [[Bergen-Hohne Training Area]], Lower Saxony (284&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), NATO facility, largest training area in Germany
* [[Grafenwöhr]], Bavaria (229&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) a US facility
* [[Hammelburg]], Bavaria (40&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), featuring a complete artificial village for [[German Army]] training
* [[Hohenfels, Bavaria]] (160&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
* [[Heuberg Training Area]], Baden-Württemberg
* [[Munster Training Area]], Lower Saxony
* [[Sennelager Training Area]], North Rhine-Westphalia, managed by the [[British Army]]

==== Ireland ====
* [[Glen of Imaal]] (27&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), an [[Irish Army]] artillery, live fire, and tactical training area

====Italy====
*[[Salto di Quirra]] (120&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), an [[Italian Armed Forces|Italian interforce]] proving ground located on [[Sardinia]]<ref>[[:it:Poligono sperimentale e di addestramento interforze|Poligono Sperimentale e di Addestramento Interforze del Salto di Quirra]]</ref>

====Poland====
* [[Drawsko Pomorskie]] (340&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), belonging to the Polish Army and Air Force since 1946 and also used by NATO since 1996. This facility is internationally known as DPTA (Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area). It is also an important archeological excavation site.
* Ośrodek Szkolenia Poligonowego Wojsk Lądowych Żagań (about 34,000 ha) in [[Żagań County]] and [[Bolesławiec County]], belonging to the [[Polish Land Forces]] and also used by NATO{{citation needed|reason=need a reliable source for this proving ground|date=January 2018}}

====Portugal====
* [[Field Firing Range of Alcochete|Alcochete]] (75&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), an artillery and air bombing range. Established in 1904, it was managed by the [[Portuguese Army]] until 1993 and since then is managed by the [[Portuguese Air Force]]. It is the largest closed military facility in Europe. In 2008, it was chosen to be the site of the future [[New Lisbon Airport|New Lisbon International Airport]].

====Spain====

* Chinchilla, Albacete ([[:es:Centro_Nacional_de_Adiestramiento_de_Chinchilla|CENAD Chinchilla]]), 232 km<sup>2</sup>

* San Gregorio, Zaragoza ([[:es:Centro_Nacional_de_Adiestramiento_«San_Gregorio»|CENAD San Gregorio]]), 340 km<sup>2</sup>

====United Kingdom====
* [[Salisbury Plain Training Area]] (380&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)
* [[Stanford Training Area]] (STANTA), [[Norfolk]] (120&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), established 1942, includes an "Afghan" village
* [[Otterburn Training Area]], [[Northumberland]] (242&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)

====Russia/former Soviet Union====
In Russia, a designated area is usually called a "polygon" ([[:ru:Полигон|Полигон]]).
* [[Kapustin Yar]], aerial weapons and rocket test range used by the [[North Caucasus Military District]]
* [[Kapustin Yar]], aerial weapons and rocket test range used by the [[North Caucasus Military District]]
* [[Totskoye nuclear exercise|Totskoye range]], test range in the Urals where nuclear tests were carried out in 1954
* [[Totsky range|Totskoye Range]], test range in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, best known for the [[Totskoye nuclear exercise]], 1954
* [[YakutiaChallenge]], winter test proving ground in Yakutia, Eastern Siberia{{citation needed|reason=need a reliable source for this proving ground|date=January 2018}}
* [[Yakutia Challenge]], winter test proving ground in Yakutia, Eastern Siberia{{citation needed|reason=need a reliable source for this proving ground|date=January 2018}}


=== North America ===
=== South Korea ===
* [[Anheung Proving Ground]], [[Taean County]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1203462/anheung-proving-ground/ |publisher=Arms Control Wonk |first=Jeffrey |last=Lewis |date=28 June 2017 |title=Anheung Proving Ground |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628195853/http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1203462/anheung-proving-ground/ |archive-date=28 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ArmsControlWonk/status/878626457894789125 |publisher=Twitter |first=Jeffrey |last=Lewis |date=24 June 2017 |access-date=28 June 2017 |title=South Korean President Moon watched a missile test. We don't pay enough attention to South Korea's missiles}}</ref>
* [[Changwon Proving Ground]], [[Changwon|Changwon City]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02262&siteId=SITE00003|title=Changwon Proving Ground|publisher=[[Agency for Defense Development]]|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=|author=}}</ref>
* [[Darakdae Proving Ground]], [[Pocheon|Pocheon City]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02978&siteId=null|title=Facilities|publisher=[[Agency for Defense Development]]|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=|author=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02976&siteId=null|title=Pocheon (Darakdae Proving Ground)|publisher=[[Agency for Defense Development]]|date=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=|author=}}</ref>


====Canada====
=== Sweden ===
* Bofors Test Center<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.testcenter.se/infrastructure/proving-ground/|title=Proving Ground|work=Bofors Test Center|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
*[[CFB Suffield]], [[Alberta]] (2690&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), training base for the [[Canadian Forces]] and [[British Army]]
*[[Canadian Forces Base Wainwright]], [[Alberta]] (609&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), home of the Land Force Western Area Training Centre (LFWATC) and Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre (CMTC)
*[[CFB Shilo]], [[Manitoba]] (400&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), home station of the [[Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery]]
*[[Land Force Central Area Training Centre Meaford]], [[Ontario]] (68&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), training centre for the [[Land Force Central Area|4th Canadian Division]]
*[[CFB Petawawa|Garrison Petawawa]], [[Ontario]] (307&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), home of [[2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group|2&nbsp;CMBG]] and [[4th Canadian Division Support Group|4th&nbsp;CDSG]]
*[[CFB Valcartier]], [[Quebec]] (28&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), home of [[5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group|5&nbsp;CMBG]]
*[[CFB Gagetown]], [[New Brunswick]] (1100&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), the primary Eastern Canada training area
*[[Land Force Atlantic Area Training Centre Aldershot]], [[Nova Scotia]] (11.4&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)


====United States====
=== United States ===
In the United States, there are several military facilities that have been explicitly designated as proving grounds.
In the United States, there are several military facilities that have been explicitly designated as proving grounds.
*[[Aberdeen Proving Ground]], a [[United States Army]] facility in [[Aberdeen, Maryland]]. It is the Army's oldest active proving ground, established on October 20, 1917, six months after the United States entered [[World War I]]. It was created so that design and testing of [[Weapon|ordnance]] [[materiel]] could be carried out in proximity to the nation's industrial and shipping centers at the time.
*[[Dugway Proving Ground]], an active facility operated by the [[United States Army Test and Evaluation Command]] in the [[Great Salt Lake Desert]] of [[Dugway, Utah|Utah]]. Dugway's mission is to test U.S. and [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] biological and chemical weapon defense systems.
*[[Fort Belvoir|Fort Belvoir Proving Ground]], in [[Fairfax County, Virginia]]
*[[Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center]], located in [[Indian Head, Maryland]] and at one time called the Indian Head Proving Ground
*[[Jefferson Proving Ground]], in [[Madison, Indiana]]. It was principally a munitions testing facility of [[United States Army Test and Evaluation Command|Test and Evaluation Command]] of the United States Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command. The facility was ordered closed in 1989 as part of the [[Base Realignment and Closure]] (BRAC) process.
*[[Pacific Proving Grounds]], an inactive [[United States Department of Energy|U.S. Department of Energy]] area in the [[Marshall Islands]] that were established by the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|U.S. Atomic Energy Commission]] in 1946 for [[nuclear weapons testing]]. It mainly consists of [[Bikini Atoll]], [[Enewetak Atoll]] & the surrounding area, and was deactivated in 1963.
*[[Sandy Hook Proving Ground]], in [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey]], was the nation's first such facility. It was created in 1874 and was used as a proving ground until 1919.
*[[Scituate Proving Ground]], a former proving ground in [[Scituate, Massachusetts]], operational from 1918 to 1921
*[[Yuma Proving Ground]], a [[United States Army]] facility situated in southwestern [[La Paz County, Arizona|La Paz County]] and western [[Yuma County, Arizona|Yuma County]] in southwestern [[Arizona]], approximately {{convert|30|mi|km|0}} northeast of the city of [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]]. The proving ground is used for testing military equipment and encompasses 1,307.8 square miles (3,387.2&nbsp;km²) in the [[Sonoran Desert]].


* [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]], a [[United States Army]] facility in [[Aberdeen, Maryland]]. It is the Army's oldest active proving ground, established on 20 October 1917, six months after the United States entered [[World War I]]. It was created so that design and testing of [[Weapon|ordnance]] [[materiel]] could be carried out in proximity to the nation's industrial and shipping centers at the time.{{citation needed||date=October 2024}}
==Automotive==
* [[Dugway Proving Ground]], an active facility operated by the [[United States Army Test and Evaluation Command]] in the [[Great Salt Lake Desert]] of [[Dugway, Utah|Utah]]. Dugway's mission is to test U.S. and [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] biological and chemical weapon defense systems.
* [[Fort Belvoir|Fort Belvoir Proving Ground]], in [[Fairfax County, Virginia]]
* [[Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center]], located in [[Indian Head, Maryland]] and at one time called the Indian Head Proving Ground
* [[Jefferson Proving Ground]], in [[Madison, Indiana]]. It was principally a munitions testing facility of [[United States Army Test and Evaluation Command|Test and Evaluation Command]] of the United States Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command. The facility was ordered closed in 1989 as part of the [[Base Realignment and Closure]] (BRAC) process.
* [[Pacific Proving Grounds]], an inactive [[United States Department of Energy|U.S. Department of Energy]] area in the [[Marshall Islands]] that were established by the [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|U.S. Atomic Energy Commission]] in 1946 for [[nuclear weapons testing]]. It mainly consists of [[Bikini Atoll]], [[Enewetak Atoll]] & the surrounding area, and was deactivated in 1963.
* [[Sandy Hook Proving Ground]], in [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey]], was the nation's first such facility. It was created in 1874 and was used as a proving ground until 1919.
* [[Scituate Proving Ground]], a former proving ground in [[Scituate, Massachusetts]], operational from 1918 to 1921
* [[Yuma Proving Ground]], a [[United States Army]] facility situated in southwestern [[La Paz County, Arizona|La Paz County]] and western [[Yuma County, Arizona|Yuma County]] in southwestern [[Arizona]], approximately {{convert|30|mi|km|0}} northeast of the city of [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]]. The proving ground is used for testing military equipment and encompasses 1,307.8 square miles (3,387.2 km²) in the [[Sonoran Desert]].


== Automotive ==
'''Automotive proving grounds'''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szalay |first1=Zs. |last2=Nyerges |first2=Á. |last3=Hamar |first3=H. |last4=Hesz |first4=M. |title=Technical Specification Methodology for an Automotive Proving Ground Dedicated to Connected and Automated Vehicles |journal=Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering |date=2017 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=168-174 |doi=10.3311/PPtr.10708 |url=https://pp.bme.hu/tr/article/view/10708|doi-access=free }}</ref> or '''automotive test tracks''' serve the [[automotive industry]] for [[Vehicle|road vehicle]] testing. In the automotive development process, vehicle manufacturers typically test the behaviour of vehicles in various environments and traffic situations. Conventional vehicle testing usually focuses on the dynamic properties of vehicles. Test tracks generally encompass the engineering tasks of vehicle testing and validation.
Automotive proving grounds<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szalay |first1=Zs. |last2=Nyerges |first2=Á. |last3=Hamar |first3=H. |last4=Hesz |first4=M. |title=Technical Specification Methodology for an Automotive Proving Ground Dedicated to Connected and Automated Vehicles |journal=Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering |date=2017 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=168-174 |doi=10.3311/PPtr.10708 |url=https://pp.bme.hu/tr/article/view/10708|doi-access=free }}</ref> or automotive test tracks serve the [[automotive industry]] for [[Vehicle|road vehicle]] testing. In the automotive development process, vehicle manufacturers typically test the behaviour of vehicles in various environments and traffic situations. Conventional vehicle testing usually focuses on the dynamic properties of vehicles. Test tracks generally encompass the engineering tasks of vehicle testing and validation.


With the advent of [[Self-driving car|self-driving cars]], new proving grounds specially dedicated for them have appeared, and existing conventional proving grounds have been retooled for the testing of [[Vehicular automation|highly automated]] or fully autonomous vehicles.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
With the advent of [[Self-driving car|self-driving cars]], new proving grounds specially dedicated for them have appeared, and existing conventional proving grounds have been retooled for the testing of [[Vehicular automation|highly automated]] or fully autonomous vehicles.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}


===Automaker-owned===
=== Automaker-owned ===
* [[Chrysler Proving Grounds]]
* [[Chrysler Proving Grounds]]
* [[Ford Proving Grounds]]
* [[Ford Proving Grounds]]
* [[General Motors Proving Grounds]]
* [[General Motors Proving Grounds]]
* [[Hyundai Ulsan proving ground]]
* [[Hyundai Hwaseong proving ground]]
* Hällered Proving Ground ([[Volvo Cars]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.saabblog.net/2020/07/07/a-Swedish-test-track-haellered-proving-ground/|title=A Swedish test track. Hällered Proving Ground|publisher=Saab blog|author=Tom|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[Mazda Proving Grounds]]
* [[Mazda Proving Grounds]]
* [[Nissan Proving Grounds]]
* [[Nissan Proving Grounds]]
Line 123: Line 57:
* [[Ehra-Lessien]] test track ([[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen]])
* [[Ehra-Lessien]] test track ([[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen]])


===Independent===
=== Independent ===
Source: <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szalay |first1=Zs. |last2=Nyerges |first2=Á. |last3=Hamar |first3=H. |last4=Hesz |first4=M. |title=Technical Specification Methodology for an Automotive Proving Ground Dedicated to Connected and Automated Vehicles |journal=Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering |date=2017 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=168-174 |doi=10.3311/PPtr.10708 |url=https://pp.bme.hu/tr/article/view/10708|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Source: <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szalay |first1=Zs. |last2=Nyerges |first2=Á. |last3=Hamar |first3=H. |last4=Hesz |first4=M. |title=Technical Specification Methodology for an Automotive Proving Ground Dedicated to Connected and Automated Vehicles |journal=Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering |date=2017 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=168-174 |doi=10.3311/PPtr.10708 |url=https://pp.bme.hu/tr/article/view/10708|doi-access=free }}</ref>


* [[Applus+ IDIADA]] proving ground, [[Spain]]
* Applus+ IDIADA proving ground, [[Spain]]
* Arctic Falls Proving Grounds, several facilities and locations both outdoors and indoors in and around [[Älvsbyn]], [[Sweden]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arcticfalls.se/|title=Arctic Falls|work=Arctic Falls|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.european-rubber-journal.com/article/2094061/arctic-falls-expanding-with-new-proving-ground-in-sweden|title=Arctic Falls expanding with new proving ground in Sweden|publisher=European Rubber Journal|url-access=registration|date=1 September 2023|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* {{Interlanguage link|Automotive Testing Papenburg|de}}, [[Germany]]
* [http://www.4activeSystems.at 4activeSystems] Test Track, [[Traboch]], [[Austria]]. An all-in-one test track next to 4activeSystems' headquarters, an testing equipment manufacturer for [[Advanced driver-assistance system|ADAS]] and [[Self-driving car|autonomous driving]].
* AstaZero, claimed to have world's longest indoor track for testing "active" safety systems and autonomous technologies, Sandhult, Sweden<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.astazero.com/|title=AstaZero|publisher=[[Research Institutes of Sweden]]|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Baudette Proving Ground by [[Bosch (company)|Bosch]], USA<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bosch-mobility.com/en/solutions/development-services/proving-grounds/proving-ground-baudette/|title=Baudette Proving Ground|publisher=Bosch|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Boxberg Proving Ground by [[Bosch (company)|Bosch]], Germany<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bosch-mobility.com/en/solutions/development-services/proving-grounds/proving-ground-boxberg/|title=Boxberg Proving Ground|publisher=Bosch|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Bridgestone proving grounds, various locations<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bridgestone.com/technology_innovation/proving_ground/|title=Bridgestone Proving Ground|work=Bridgestone|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Colmis Proving Ground on land and frozen lake, [[Arjeplog]], Sweden<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.colmis.com/|title=Welcome to Colmis Proving Ground|publisher=Colmis|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[Hwaseong Songsan proving ground]], [[South Korea]]
* [[Automotive Testing Papenburg]], [[Germany]]
* Bruntingthorpe Airfield & Proving Ground, [[United Kingdom]]
* Bruntingthorpe Airfield & Proving Ground, [[United Kingdom]]
* [https://www.testregion-digitrans.at/ Digitrans] Automotive Proving Ground, [[St. Valentin]], [[Austria]]
* [https://www.testregion-digitrans.at/ Digitrans] Automotive Proving Ground, [[St. Valentin]], [[Austria]]
* Donghai Proving Ground by Bosch, China<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bosch-mobility.com/en/solutions/development-services/proving-grounds/proving-ground-donghai/|title=Donghai Proving Ground|publisher=Bosch|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Flat Rock Proving Ground by Bosch, USA<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bosch-mobility.com/en/solutions/development-services/proving-grounds/proving-ground-flat-rock/|title=Flat Rock Proving Ground|publisher=Bosch|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[MIRA Ltd.|HORIBA MIRA]], United Kingdom
* [[MIRA Ltd.|HORIBA MIRA]], United Kingdom
* [[General Motors Proving Grounds#Lang Lang Proving Ground|Lang Lang Proving Ground]], [[Australia]]
* [[General Motors Proving Grounds#Lang Lang Proving Ground|Lang Lang Proving Ground]], [[Australia]]
* [[GoMentum Station]], [[United States]]
* Icemakers, [[Arjeplog]], Sweden<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icemakers.se/|title=Icemakers|work=Icemakers|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Juvincourt Proving Ground by Bosch, France<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bosch-mobility.com/en/solutions/development-services/proving-grounds/proving-ground-juvincourt/|title=Juvincourt Proving Ground|publisher=Bosch|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Maxxis Proving Ground Test Track, Kunshan, China<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maxxis.com/se/en/technology/proving-ground-test-track/|title=Proving ground test track|publisher=Maxxis|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Memanbetsu Proving Ground by Bosch, Japan<ref name="Bosch">{{cite web|url=https://www.bosch-mobility.com/en/solutions/development-services/proving-grounds/|title=The Bosch proving grounds|publisher=Bosch|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Michigan Technical Resource Park, USA
* [[Millbrook Proving Ground]], United Kingdom
* [[Millbrook Proving Ground]], United Kingdom
* Shiobara Proving Ground by Bosch, Japan<ref name="Bosch"/>
* [https://natc-ht.com Nevada Automotive Testing Center], [[United States]]
* Sottozero Centre by [[Pirelli]], Flurheden, Sweden<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://press.pirelli.com/pirellis-winter-proving-ground-becomes-operational-in-summer-as-well/|title=PIRELLI’S WINTER PROVING GROUND BECOMES OPERATIONAL IN SUMMER AS WELL|publisher=Pirelli|date=17 May 2022|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[Southern Hemisphere Proving Grounds]], [[New Zealand]]
* [[Southern Hemisphere Proving Grounds]], [[New Zealand]]
* TRIWO Automotive Testing Center, near [[Frankfurt]] and [[Saarbrücken]], Germany<ref>{{cite web|last1=KFZ-Testcenter|first1=Triwo|title=Teststrecken-Kalender {{!}} Triwo KFZ-Testcenter|url=http://www.triwo-testcenter.de|website=www.triwo-testcenter.de|access-date=17 January 2018|language=de}}</ref>
* Tjintokk, Slagnäs, Sweden<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tjintokk.teamtailor.com/|title=Tjintokk|work=Tjintokk|access-date=15 September 2023|language=sv}}</ref>
* Tolhuin Proving Ground by Bosch, Argentina<ref name="Bosch"/>
* {{Interlanguage link|UTAC CERAM|fr}}, [[France]]
* TRIWO Automotive Testing Center, near [[Frankfurt]] and [[Saarbrücken]], Germany<ref>{{cite web|last1=KFZ-Testcenter|first1=Triwo|title=Teststrecken-Kalender|url=http://www.triwo-testcenter.de|publisher=triwo-testcenter.de|access-date=17 January 2018|language=de}}</ref>
* [https://www.utac.com/ UTAC], headquartered in Linas-Montlhéry [[France]] where it operates [[Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry]] operational since 1924 the first of its eight proving grounds located in 10 countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=ABOUT UTAC|url=https://www.utac.com|access-date=3 January 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
* Vaitoudden proving ground by Bosch, Sweden<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bosch-mobility.com/en/solutions/development-services/proving-grounds/proving-ground-vaitoudden/|title=Winter test center Vaitoudden|publisher=Bosch|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* Yakeshi Proving Ground by Bosch, China<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bosch-mobility.com/en/solutions/development-services/proving-grounds/proving-ground-yakeshi/|title=Winter test center Yakeshi|publisher=Bosch|access-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>
* ZalaZone Automotive Proving Ground, [[Hungary]]
* ZalaZone Automotive Proving Ground, [[Hungary]]


==Footnotes==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==

* Edwin A. Martini (ed.), ''Proving Grounds: Militarized Landscapes, Weapons Testing, and the Environmental Impact of US Bases.'' Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2015.

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040203224212/http://www2.mil.fi/laitokset/pvmatl/koeampumalaitos.dsp Finnish ordnance center at mil.fi] (in [[Finnish language|Finnish]])
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080510105204/http://www.yakutiachallenge.com/ YakutiaChallenge]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081225110132/http://www.cswl.pow.mil.pl/eng/index_en.htm Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area]
*[http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/MicroSite/DIO/WhatWeDo/DTE/OtterburnTrainingArea.htm Otterburn Training Area]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Latest revision as of 11:55, 15 December 2024

For other uses, see Proving ground (disambiguation).

A proving ground is an installation or reservation in which technology such as weapons, military tactics and automobile prototypes are experimented with or tested. Proving grounds can be operated by government bodies or civilian industries. They are distinct from military training areas which are run by the military and intended for the routine training and exercising of troops across the terrain.

Military and government

[edit]

Germany

[edit]

Portugal

[edit]

Russia / Former Soviet Union

[edit]

In Russia, a designated area is usually called a "polygon".

South Korea

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Sweden

[edit]
  • Bofors Test Center[7]

United States

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In the United States, there are several military facilities that have been explicitly designated as proving grounds.

Automotive

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Automotive proving grounds[8] or automotive test tracks serve the automotive industry for road vehicle testing. In the automotive development process, vehicle manufacturers typically test the behaviour of vehicles in various environments and traffic situations. Conventional vehicle testing usually focuses on the dynamic properties of vehicles. Test tracks generally encompass the engineering tasks of vehicle testing and validation.

With the advent of self-driving cars, new proving grounds specially dedicated for them have appeared, and existing conventional proving grounds have been retooled for the testing of highly automated or fully autonomous vehicles.[citation needed]

Automaker-owned

[edit]

Independent

[edit]

Source: [10]

References

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  1. ^ Pereira, Helena; Mesquita, Joana (15 May 2024). "Campo de Tiro da Força Aérea pode ir de Alcochete para Mértola" [Air Force proving ground may be relocated from Alcochete to Mértola]. Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  2. ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (28 June 2017). "Anheung Proving Ground". Arms Control Wonk. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017.
  3. ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (24 June 2017). "South Korean President Moon watched a missile test. We don't pay enough attention to South Korea's missiles". Twitter. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  4. ^ "Changwon Proving Ground". Agency for Defense Development.
  5. ^ "Facilities". Agency for Defense Development.
  6. ^ "Pocheon (Darakdae Proving Ground)". Agency for Defense Development.
  7. ^ "Proving Ground". Bofors Test Center. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  8. ^ Szalay, Zs.; Nyerges, Á.; Hamar, H.; Hesz, M. (2017). "Technical Specification Methodology for an Automotive Proving Ground Dedicated to Connected and Automated Vehicles". Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. 45 (3): 168–174. doi:10.3311/PPtr.10708.
  9. ^ Tom. "A Swedish test track. Hällered Proving Ground". Saab blog. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  10. ^ Szalay, Zs.; Nyerges, Á.; Hamar, H.; Hesz, M. (2017). "Technical Specification Methodology for an Automotive Proving Ground Dedicated to Connected and Automated Vehicles". Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. 45 (3): 168–174. doi:10.3311/PPtr.10708.
  11. ^ "Arctic Falls". Arctic Falls. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  12. ^ "Arctic Falls expanding with new proving ground in Sweden". European Rubber Journal. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  13. ^ "AstaZero". Research Institutes of Sweden. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Baudette Proving Ground". Bosch. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Boxberg Proving Ground". Bosch. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Bridgestone Proving Ground". Bridgestone. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  17. ^ "Welcome to Colmis Proving Ground". Colmis. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  18. ^ "Donghai Proving Ground". Bosch. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  19. ^ "Flat Rock Proving Ground". Bosch. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  20. ^ "Icemakers". Icemakers. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  21. ^ "Juvincourt Proving Ground". Bosch. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  22. ^ "Proving ground test track". Maxxis. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  23. ^ a b c "The Bosch proving grounds". Bosch. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  24. ^ "PIRELLI'S WINTER PROVING GROUND BECOMES OPERATIONAL IN SUMMER AS WELL" (Press release). Pirelli. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  25. ^ "Tjintokk". Tjintokk (in Swedish). Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  26. ^ KFZ-Testcenter, Triwo. "Teststrecken-Kalender" (in German). triwo-testcenter.de. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  27. ^ "ABOUT UTAC" (in French). Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  28. ^ "Winter test center Vaitoudden". Bosch. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  29. ^ "Winter test center Yakeshi". Bosch. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
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