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{{Short description|Uzbek and Soviet poet, literary translator, and writer}}
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'''Abdulla Qodiriy''' ({{lang-uz|Abdulla Qodiriy, Абдулла Қодирий}}; {{lang-ru|link=no|Абдулла́ Кадыри́}}) (April 10, 1894 – October 4, 1938), also spelt '''Abdullah Qodiriy''' and '''Abdullah Kadiri''' in English, was an [[Uzbek people|Uzbek]] and playwright, poet, writer, and literary translator. Qodiriy was one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.<ref name="Encarta">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Fierman | first = William | year = 2009 | title = Uzbekistan | encyclopedia = Microsoft Student | publisher = Microsoft Corporation | location = Redmond, WA | language = | id = | page = | volume = }}</ref><ref name=ZU>{{cite web|last=Mirvaliyev|first=Sobir|title=Abdulla Qodiriy|url=http://www.ziyouz.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99&Itemid=210|work=Ziyouz|access-date=April 8, 2012|language=Uzbek}}</ref> He introduced [[Literary realism|realism]] into Uzbek literature through his historical novels and influenced many other [[Central Asia]]n novelists,<ref name="EL">{{cite encyclopedia | year = 1990
'''Abdulla Qodiriy'''{{efn|name=spelling|{{Lang-uz-Latn-Cyrl|Abdulla Qodiriy|Абдулла Қодирий}}; {{langx|ru|Абдулла́ Кадыри́|translit=Abdulla Kadiri}}. Spelled '''Abdullah Qodiriy''' and '''Abdullah Kadiri''' in some English sources.}} (April 10, 1894 – October 4, 1938) was an [[Uzbek people|Uzbek]] playwright, poet, writer, and literary translator. Qodiriy was one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.<ref name="Encarta">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Fierman | first = William | year = 2009 | title = Uzbekistan | encyclopedia = Microsoft Student | publisher = Microsoft Corporation | location = Redmond, WA | language = | id = | page = | volume = }}</ref><ref name=ZU>{{cite web|last=Mirvaliyev|first=Sobir|title=Abdulla Qodiriy|url=http://www.ziyouz.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99&Itemid=210|work=Ziyouz|access-date=April 8, 2012|language=Uzbek}}</ref> He introduced [[Literary realism|realism]] into Uzbek literature through his historical novels and influenced many other [[Central Asia]]n novelists.<ref name="EL">{{cite encyclopedia | year = 1990
| title = Qodiriy, Abdulla | encyclopedia = Ensiklopedik lugʻat | publisher = Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi | location = Toshkent | language = Uzbek | id = 5-89890-018-7 | page = 490 | volume = 2}}.</ref><ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Uzbek Literature|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/621057/Uzbek-literature|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=April 8, 2012}}</ref>
| title = Qodiriy, Abdulla | encyclopedia = Ensiklopedik lugʻat | publisher = Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi | location = Toshkent | language = Uzbek | id = 5-89890-018-7 | page = 490 | volume = 2}}.</ref><ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Uzbek Literature|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/621057/Uzbek-literature|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=April 8, 2012}}</ref>


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== Work ==
== Work ==
Qodiriy's most famous works are the historical novels ''[[Oʻtgan kunlar]]'' (''Days Gone By'') (1922) and ''[[Mehrobdan chayon]]'' (''Scorpion in the Pulpit'') (1929).<ref name="Encarta"/> ''Oʻtgan kunlar'' is the first full-length novel by an Uzbek author.<ref name=ZU /> Qodiriy's stories ''Kalvak Mahzumning xotira daftaridan'' (''From Mahzum the Simpleton’s Diary'') and ''Toshpoʻlat tajang nima deydir?'' (''What Does Irritated Toshpoʻlat Say?'') are considered to be one of the best [[Satire|satirical]] stories in Uzbek.<ref name="EL"/>
Qodiriy's most famous works are the historical novels ''[[Oʻtgan kunlar]]'' (''Bygone Days'') (1922) and ''[[Mehrobdan chayon]]'' (''Scorpion in the Pulpit'') (1929).<ref name="Encarta"/> ''Oʻtgan kunlar'' is the first full-length novel by an Uzbek author.<ref name=ZU /> Qodiriy's stories ''Kalvak Mahzumning xotira daftaridan'' (''From Mahzum the Simpleton's Diary'') and ''Toshpoʻlat tajang nima deydir?'' (''What Does Irritate Toshpoʻlat Say?'') are considered to be some of the best [[Satire|satirical]] stories in Uzbek.<ref name="EL"/>


Qodiriy also wrote many plays and numerous newspaper articles. He was fluent in [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Russian language|Russian]]. Qodiriy translated into the [[Uzbek language]] the works of many famous [[Russian people|Russian]] writers such as [[Nikolai Gogol]] and [[Anton Chekhov]]. In particular, he translated Gogol's ''[[Marriage (play)|Marriage]]'' (1842) into Uzbek. He is rumoured to have written another novel, ''Emir Umar's Slave Girl'' set in the early nineteenth century during the reigns of [[Muhammad Umar Khan|Emir Umar]], khan of [[Kokand]], and his son, [[Muhammad Ali Khan (Kokand)|Matali]]. This novel (if it existed) is assumed to have been destroyed by the [[NKVD]] after Qodiriy's arrest.
Qodiriy also wrote many plays and numerous newspaper articles. He was fluent in [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Russian language|Russian]]. Qodiriy translated into the [[Uzbek language]] the works of many [[Russian people|Russian]] writers, such as [[Nikolai Gogol]] and [[Anton Chekhov]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Merhan |first=Aziz |date=2007 |title=ABDULLA QODIRIY (1894-1938) DER PIONIER DER USBEKISCHEN ROMANKUNST UND SEINE WERKE |url=http://dergisosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr/susbed/article/view/492 |journal=Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi |language=tr-TR |volume=1 |issue=17 |pages=403–411}}</ref> In particular, he translated Gogol's ''[[Marriage (play)|Marriage]]'' (1842) into Uzbek. He is rumoured to have written another novel, ''Emir Umar's Slave Girl,'' set in the early nineteenth century during the reigns of [[Muhammad Umar Khan|Emir Umar]], khan of [[Kokand]], and his son, [[Muhammad Ali Khan (Kokand)|Matali]]. This novel (if it existed) is assumed to have been destroyed by the [[NKVD]] after Qodiriy's arrest.

Oybek's 1935 pamphlet criticizing his novels was used as evidence in his prosecution before he was executed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ashur |first=Sadriddin |date=2010-01-19 |title=Халқим деган Ойбек абадиятга қолди.. |trans-title=Oybek, who is called my people, has remained forever |url=https://www.ozodlik.org/a/1933431.html |access-date=2024-12-15 |work=Озодлик радиоси |language=uz}}</ref>


== In literature ==
== In literature ==
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==Legacy==
==Legacy==
The Tashkent State Institute of Culture in Tashkent was named after Qodiriy (spelt Kadiri); in 2012 this institute merged with the Uzbekistan Institute of Arts to become the [[Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture]].<ref name=uzdoc2>{{cite web |url=http://uzdoc.eu/sites/default/files/uzsiac_presentation.pdf |title=Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517132712/http://uzdoc.eu/sites/default/files/uzsiac_presentation.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2016 |date= |website= UZDOC: Doctoral studies in Uzbekistan |access-date= 26 Mar 2017 |quote=}}</ref><ref name=about>{{cite web | title=About the institute | website=UzSIAC - The Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture | date=2 September 2020 | url=http://dsmi.uz/en/about-the-institute | access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref>
The Tashkent State Institute of Culture in Tashkent was named after Qodiriy (spelt Kadiri); in 2012 this institute merged with the Uzbekistan Institute of Arts to become the [[Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture]].<ref name=uzdoc2>{{cite web |url=http://uzdoc.eu/sites/default/files/uzsiac_presentation.pdf |title=Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517132712/http://uzdoc.eu/sites/default/files/uzsiac_presentation.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2016 |date= |website= UZDOC: Doctoral studies in Uzbekistan |access-date= 26 Mar 2017 |quote=}}</ref><ref name=about>{{cite web | title=About the institute | website=UzSIAC - The Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture | date=2 September 2020 | url=http://dsmi.uz/en/about-the-institute | access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref> Children : Khabibulla Qodiriy, Adiba Abdullaeva, Anisa Abdullaeva, Nazifa Abdullaeva, Masud Abdullaev.
Children : Khabibulla Qodiriy, Adiba Abdullaeva, Anisa Abdullaeva, Nazifa Abdullaeva, Masud Abdullaev.
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==References==
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{{Reflist}}


==Notes==
{{notelist}}

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==References==
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[[Category:Uzbekistani male poets]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani male poets]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani male short story writers]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani male short story writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Tashkent‎]]
[[Category:Writers from Tashkent]]
[[Category:Translators from Russian]]
[[Category:Translators from Russian]]
[[Category:Translators from Tatar]]
[[Category:Translators from Tatar]]
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[[Category:20th-century translators]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Uzbekistani poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Uzbekistani poets]]
[[Category:20th-century novelists]]
[[Category:Male novelists]]
[[Category:Male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century short story writers]]
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[[Category:Great Purge victims from Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:Great Purge victims from Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:20th-century Uzbekistani writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Uzbekistani writers]]
[[Category:19th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]

Latest revision as of 14:40, 15 December 2024

Abdulla Qodiriy
An Uzbek stamp made in honor of Abdulla Qodiriy
An Uzbek stamp made in honor of Abdulla Qodiriy
Born(1894-04-10)April 10, 1894
Tashkent
Russian Turkestan
DiedOctober 4, 1938(1938-10-04) (aged 44)
Tashkent
Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
OccupationPlaywright, poet, writer, and literary translator
Notable awards
  • Alisher Navoiy State Prize (1991)
  • Order of Independence (1994)

Abdulla Qodiriy[a] (April 10, 1894 – October 4, 1938) was an Uzbek playwright, poet, writer, and literary translator. Qodiriy was one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.[1][2] He introduced realism into Uzbek literature through his historical novels and influenced many other Central Asian novelists.[3][4]

Qodiriy wrote under various pen names, the most renowned being Julqunboy. His early works were influenced by the Jadid movement. Qodiriy was executed during the Great Purge under the leadership of Joseph Stalin.[4]

Life

[edit]

Abdulla Qodiriy was born on April 10, 1894, in Tashkent, then Russian Turkestan. His father, Qodirbobo, was 74 years old when Qodiriy was born. Qodiriy did a variety of menial jobs before a merchant hired him as a book copier. He became interested in writing in the middle of the 1910s.

Qodiriy was briefly arrested in 1926 for his article "Yigʻindi gaplar" ("A Collection of Rumors") that was published in Mushtum. Later, he enjoyed the protection and patronage of the Uzbek communist party leader, Akmal Ikramov, but was left exposed by Ikramov's arrest in 1937. He was arrested again on December 31, 1937, as "enemy of the people". He was executed on October 4, 1938, in Tashkent.

Work

[edit]

Qodiriy's most famous works are the historical novels Oʻtgan kunlar (Bygone Days) (1922) and Mehrobdan chayon (Scorpion in the Pulpit) (1929).[1] Oʻtgan kunlar is the first full-length novel by an Uzbek author.[2] Qodiriy's stories Kalvak Mahzumning xotira daftaridan (From Mahzum the Simpleton's Diary) and Toshpoʻlat tajang nima deydir? (What Does Irritate Toshpoʻlat Say?) are considered to be some of the best satirical stories in Uzbek.[3]

Qodiriy also wrote many plays and numerous newspaper articles. He was fluent in Arabic, Persian, and Russian. Qodiriy translated into the Uzbek language the works of many Russian writers, such as Nikolai Gogol and Anton Chekhov.[5] In particular, he translated Gogol's Marriage (1842) into Uzbek. He is rumoured to have written another novel, Emir Umar's Slave Girl, set in the early nineteenth century during the reigns of Emir Umar, khan of Kokand, and his son, Matali. This novel (if it existed) is assumed to have been destroyed by the NKVD after Qodiriy's arrest.

Oybek's 1935 pamphlet criticizing his novels was used as evidence in his prosecution before he was executed.[6]

In literature

[edit]

Qodiriy is the central character in the novel Jinlar bazmi yoxud katta o'yin (The Devils' Dance) by Hamid Ismailov, published in Tashkent in 2016, and translated into English in 2018.[7] This is a fictionalised account of Qodiriy's arrest, interrogation and execution, containing within it Ismailov's version of Qodiriy's last, lost novel, which the author imagines him composing in his head while he is in prison.

Legacy

[edit]

The Tashkent State Institute of Culture in Tashkent was named after Qodiriy (spelt Kadiri); in 2012 this institute merged with the Uzbekistan Institute of Arts to become the Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture.[8][9] Children : Khabibulla Qodiriy, Adiba Abdullaeva, Anisa Abdullaeva, Nazifa Abdullaeva, Masud Abdullaev.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Uzbek: Abdulla Qodiriy, Абдулла Қодирий; Russian: Абдулла́ Кадыри́, romanized: Abdulla Kadiri. Spelled Abdullah Qodiriy and Abdullah Kadiri in some English sources.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Fierman, William (2009). "Uzbekistan". Microsoft Student. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.
  2. ^ a b Mirvaliyev, Sobir. "Abdulla Qodiriy". Ziyouz (in Uzbek). Retrieved April 8, 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Qodiriy, Abdulla". Ensiklopedik lugʻat (in Uzbek). Vol. 2. Toshkent: Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi. 1990. p. 490. 5-89890-018-7..
  4. ^ a b "Uzbek Literature". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
  5. ^ Merhan, Aziz (2007). "ABDULLA QODIRIY (1894-1938) DER PIONIER DER USBEKISCHEN ROMANKUNST UND SEINE WERKE". Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (in Turkish). 1 (17): 403–411.
  6. ^ Ashur, Sadriddin (January 19, 2010). "Халқим деган Ойбек абадиятга қолди." [Oybek, who is called my people, has remained forever]. Озодлик радиоси (in Uzbek). Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  7. ^ Ismailov, Hamid (translated by Donald Rayfield, with verse translations by John Farndon) (2018). The Devils' Dance. Sheffield: Tilted Axis Press. ISBN 9781911284130.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture" (PDF). UZDOC: Doctoral studies in Uzbekistan. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  9. ^ "About the institute". UzSIAC - The Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture. September 2, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
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