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{{Short description|Uzbek and Soviet poet, literary translator, and writer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Abdulla Qodiriy
| name = Abdulla Qodiriy
| image =
| image = Stamps of Uzbekistan, 2004-07.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| caption = An Uzbek stamp made in honor of Abdulla Qodiriy
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1894|4|10}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1894|4|10}}
| birth_place = [[Tashkent]] <br /> [[Russian Turkestan]]
| birth_place = [[Tashkent]] <br /> [[Russian Turkestan]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1938|10|4|1894|4|10}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1938|10|4|1894|4|10}}
| death_place = [[Tashkent]] <br /> [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]]
| death_place = [[Tashkent]] <br /> [[Uzbek SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
⚫
| occupation = Playwright, poet, writer, and literary translator
| death_cause =
⚫
| occupation = [[playwright]], [[poet]], [[writer]], and literary translator
| movement =
| movement =
| awards = {{unbulleted list |Alisher Navoiy State Prize {{small|(1991)}} |Order of Independence {{small|(1994)}} }}
| influenced = [[Mukhtar Auezov]]
| influences = [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Nikolai Gogol]], [[Walter Scott]]
| signature =
| signature =
}}
}}
'''Abdulla Qodiriy''' (sometimes spelled '''Abdulla Qadiri''') ({{lang-uz|Abdulla Qodiriy, Абдулла Қодирий}}; {{lang-ru|''Абдулла́ Кадыри́''}}), (April 10, 1894 - October 4, 1938) was an [[Uzbek people|Uzbek]] and [[Soviet]] [[poet]], literary translator, and [[writer]]. Qodiriy was one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.<ref name=ZU>{{cite web|title=Abdulla Qodiriy (In Uzbek)|url=http://www.ziyouz.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99&Itemid=210|work=Ziyouz|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> He introduced [[realism]] into the Uzbek literature through with his historical novels and influenced many other Central Asian novelists including the Kazakh writer [[Mukhtar Auezov]].<ref name=EB>{{cite web|title=Uzbek Literature|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/621057/Uzbek-literature|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> His most famous works are the historical novels ''[[O'tgan kunlar]]'' (''Days Gone By'') (1922) and ''[[Mehrobdan chayon]]'' (''Scorpion from the Altar'') (1929). ''Mehrobdan chayon'' is the first full-length novel by an Uzbek author.<ref name=ZU></ref> Abdulla Qodiriy translated into the Uzbek language the works of many famous Russian writers such as [[Nikolai Gogol]] and [[Anton Chekhov]]. He translated Gogol's ''[[Marriage (play)|Marriage]]'' (1842) into Uzbek. Qodiriy was executed during the [[Great Purge]] under the leadership of [[Joseph Stalin]].<ref name=EB></ref>
'''Abdulla Qodiriy'''{{efn|name=spelling|{{Lang-uz-Latn-Cyrl|Abdulla Qodiriy|Абдулла Қодирий}}; {{langx|ru|Абдулла́ Кадыри́|translit=Abdulla Kadiri}}. Spelled '''Abdullah Qodiriy''' and '''Abdullah Kadiri''' in some English sources.}} (April 10, 1894 – October 4, 1938) was an [[Uzbek people|Uzbek]] playwright, poet, writer, and literary translator. Qodiriy was one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.<ref name="Encarta">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Fierman | first = William | year = 2009 | title = Uzbekistan | encyclopedia = Microsoft Student | publisher = Microsoft Corporation | location = Redmond, WA | language = | id = | page = | volume = }}</ref><ref name=ZU>{{cite web|last=Mirvaliyev|first=Sobir|title=Abdulla Qodiriy|url=http://www.ziyouz.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99&Itemid=210|work=Ziyouz|access-date=April 8, 2012|language=Uzbek}}</ref> He introduced [[Literary realism|realism]] into Uzbek literature through his historical novels and influenced many other [[Central Asia]]n novelists.<ref name="EL">{{cite encyclopedia | year = 1990
| title = Qodiriy, Abdulla | encyclopedia = Ensiklopedik lugʻat | publisher = Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi | location = Toshkent | language = Uzbek | id = 5-89890-018-7 | page = 490 | volume = 2}}.</ref><ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Uzbek Literature|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/621057/Uzbek-literature|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=April 8, 2012}}</ref>


Qodiriy wrote under various pen names, the most renowned being Julqunboy. His early works were influenced by the [[Jadid]] movement. Qodiriy was executed during the [[Great Purge]] under the leadership of [[Joseph Stalin]].<ref name=EB/>
⚫
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


== Life ==
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
Abdulla Qodiriy was born on April 10, 1894, in [[Tashkent]], then [[Russian Turkestan]]. His father, Qodirbobo, was 74 years old when Qodiriy was born. Qodiriy did a variety of menial jobs before a merchant hired him as a book copier. He became interested in writing in the middle of the 1910s.
| NAME = Abdulla Qodiriy
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Abdulla Qadiri (alternative spelling); Julqunboy (real name)
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = April 10, 1894
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Tashkent]], [[Russian Turkestan]]
| DATE OF DEATH = October 4, 1938
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbek SSR]]
}}


Qodiriy was briefly arrested in 1926 for his article "Yigʻindi gaplar" ("A Collection of Rumors") that was published in ''[[Mushtum]]''. Later, he enjoyed the protection and patronage of the Uzbek communist party leader, [[Akmal Ikramov]], but was left exposed by Ikramov's arrest in 1937. He was arrested again on December 31, 1937, as "[[enemy of the people]]". He was executed on October 4, 1938, in Tashkent.

== Work ==
Qodiriy's most famous works are the historical novels ''[[Oʻtgan kunlar]]'' (''Bygone Days'') (1922) and ''[[Mehrobdan chayon]]'' (''Scorpion in the Pulpit'') (1929).<ref name="Encarta"/> ''Oʻtgan kunlar'' is the first full-length novel by an Uzbek author.<ref name=ZU /> Qodiriy's stories ''Kalvak Mahzumning xotira daftaridan'' (''From Mahzum the Simpleton's Diary'') and ''Toshpoʻlat tajang nima deydir?'' (''What Does Irritate Toshpoʻlat Say?'') are considered to be some of the best [[Satire|satirical]] stories in Uzbek.<ref name="EL"/>

Qodiriy also wrote many plays and numerous newspaper articles. He was fluent in [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Russian language|Russian]]. Qodiriy translated into the [[Uzbek language]] the works of many [[Russian people|Russian]] writers, such as [[Nikolai Gogol]] and [[Anton Chekhov]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Merhan |first=Aziz |date=2007 |title=ABDULLA QODIRIY (1894-1938) DER PIONIER DER USBEKISCHEN ROMANKUNST UND SEINE WERKE |url=http://dergisosyalbil.selcuk.edu.tr/susbed/article/view/492 |journal=Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi |language=tr-TR |volume=1 |issue=17 |pages=403–411}}</ref> In particular, he translated Gogol's ''[[Marriage (play)|Marriage]]'' (1842) into Uzbek. He is rumoured to have written another novel, ''Emir Umar's Slave Girl,'' set in the early nineteenth century during the reigns of [[Muhammad Umar Khan|Emir Umar]], khan of [[Kokand]], and his son, [[Muhammad Ali Khan (Kokand)|Matali]]. This novel (if it existed) is assumed to have been destroyed by the [[NKVD]] after Qodiriy's arrest.

Oybek's 1935 pamphlet criticizing his novels was used as evidence in his prosecution before he was executed.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ashur |first=Sadriddin |date=2010-01-19 |title=Халқим деган Ойбек абадиятга қолди.. |trans-title=Oybek, who is called my people, has remained forever |url=https://www.ozodlik.org/a/1933431.html |access-date=2024-12-15 |work=Озодлик радиоси |language=uz}}</ref>

== In literature ==
Qodiriy is the central character in the novel ''Jinlar bazmi yoxud katta o'yin'' (''The Devils' Dance'') by [[Hamid Ismailov]], published in Tashkent in 2016, and translated into English in 2018.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ismailov|first1=Hamid (translated by Donald Rayfield, with verse translations by John Farndon)|title=The Devils' Dance|date=2018|publisher=Tilted Axis Press|location=Sheffield|isbn=9781911284130}}</ref> This is a fictionalised account of Qodiriy's arrest, interrogation and execution, containing within it Ismailov's version of Qodiriy's last, lost novel, which the author imagines him composing in his head while he is in prison.

==Legacy==
The Tashkent State Institute of Culture in Tashkent was named after Qodiriy (spelt Kadiri); in 2012 this institute merged with the Uzbekistan Institute of Arts to become the [[Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture]].<ref name=uzdoc2>{{cite web |url=http://uzdoc.eu/sites/default/files/uzsiac_presentation.pdf |title=Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517132712/http://uzdoc.eu/sites/default/files/uzsiac_presentation.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2016 |date= |website= UZDOC: Doctoral studies in Uzbekistan |access-date= 26 Mar 2017 |quote=}}</ref><ref name=about>{{cite web | title=About the institute | website=UzSIAC - The Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture | date=2 September 2020 | url=http://dsmi.uz/en/about-the-institute | access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref> Children : Khabibulla Qodiriy, Adiba Abdullaeva, Anisa Abdullaeva, Nazifa Abdullaeva, Masud Abdullaev.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

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==References==
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{{Reflist|2}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qodiriy, Abdulla}}
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
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[[Category:Uzbekistani translators]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani novelists]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani novelists]]
[[Category:Ethnic Uzbek people]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani male poets]]
[[Category:People from Tashkent]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani male short story writers]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani people]]
[[Category:Writers from Tashkent]]
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[[Category:Uzbekistani poets]]
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[[Category:Uzbekistani short story writers]]
[[Category:Translators from Russian]]
[[Category:Translators from Russian]]
[[Category:Translators from Tatar]]
[[Category:Translators to Uzbek]]
[[Category:Translators to Uzbek]]
[[Category:Soviet writers]]
[[Category:Soviet male poets]]
[[Category:Soviet poets]]

[[Category:20th-century translators]]
[[az:Abdulla Qədiri]]
[[Category:20th-century Uzbekistani poets]]
[[ru:Кадыри, Абдулла]]
[[Category:Male novelists]]
[[uk:Абдула Кадирі]]
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[[Category:20th-century short story writers]]
[[uz:Abdulla Qodiriy]]
[[Category:Soviet novelists]]
[[Category:Soviet dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century male writers]]
[[Category:Great Purge victims from Uzbekistan]]
[[Category:20th-century Uzbekistani writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]

Latest revision as of 14:40, 15 December 2024

Abdulla Qodiriy
An Uzbek stamp made in honor of Abdulla Qodiriy
An Uzbek stamp made in honor of Abdulla Qodiriy
Born(1894-04-10)April 10, 1894
Tashkent
Russian Turkestan
DiedOctober 4, 1938(1938-10-04) (aged 44)
Tashkent
Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
OccupationPlaywright, poet, writer, and literary translator
Notable awards
  • Alisher Navoiy State Prize (1991)
  • Order of Independence (1994)

Abdulla Qodiriy[a] (April 10, 1894 – October 4, 1938) was an Uzbek playwright, poet, writer, and literary translator. Qodiriy was one of the most influential Uzbek writers of the 20th century.[1][2] He introduced realism into Uzbek literature through his historical novels and influenced many other Central Asian novelists.[3][4]

Qodiriy wrote under various pen names, the most renowned being Julqunboy. His early works were influenced by the Jadid movement. Qodiriy was executed during the Great Purge under the leadership of Joseph Stalin.[4]

Life

[edit]

Abdulla Qodiriy was born on April 10, 1894, in Tashkent, then Russian Turkestan. His father, Qodirbobo, was 74 years old when Qodiriy was born. Qodiriy did a variety of menial jobs before a merchant hired him as a book copier. He became interested in writing in the middle of the 1910s.

Qodiriy was briefly arrested in 1926 for his article "Yigʻindi gaplar" ("A Collection of Rumors") that was published in Mushtum. Later, he enjoyed the protection and patronage of the Uzbek communist party leader, Akmal Ikramov, but was left exposed by Ikramov's arrest in 1937. He was arrested again on December 31, 1937, as "enemy of the people". He was executed on October 4, 1938, in Tashkent.

Work

[edit]

Qodiriy's most famous works are the historical novels Oʻtgan kunlar (Bygone Days) (1922) and Mehrobdan chayon (Scorpion in the Pulpit) (1929).[1] Oʻtgan kunlar is the first full-length novel by an Uzbek author.[2] Qodiriy's stories Kalvak Mahzumning xotira daftaridan (From Mahzum the Simpleton's Diary) and Toshpoʻlat tajang nima deydir? (What Does Irritate Toshpoʻlat Say?) are considered to be some of the best satirical stories in Uzbek.[3]

Qodiriy also wrote many plays and numerous newspaper articles. He was fluent in Arabic, Persian, and Russian. Qodiriy translated into the Uzbek language the works of many Russian writers, such as Nikolai Gogol and Anton Chekhov.[5] In particular, he translated Gogol's Marriage (1842) into Uzbek. He is rumoured to have written another novel, Emir Umar's Slave Girl, set in the early nineteenth century during the reigns of Emir Umar, khan of Kokand, and his son, Matali. This novel (if it existed) is assumed to have been destroyed by the NKVD after Qodiriy's arrest.

Oybek's 1935 pamphlet criticizing his novels was used as evidence in his prosecution before he was executed.[6]

In literature

[edit]

Qodiriy is the central character in the novel Jinlar bazmi yoxud katta o'yin (The Devils' Dance) by Hamid Ismailov, published in Tashkent in 2016, and translated into English in 2018.[7] This is a fictionalised account of Qodiriy's arrest, interrogation and execution, containing within it Ismailov's version of Qodiriy's last, lost novel, which the author imagines him composing in his head while he is in prison.

Legacy

[edit]

The Tashkent State Institute of Culture in Tashkent was named after Qodiriy (spelt Kadiri); in 2012 this institute merged with the Uzbekistan Institute of Arts to become the Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture.[8][9] Children : Khabibulla Qodiriy, Adiba Abdullaeva, Anisa Abdullaeva, Nazifa Abdullaeva, Masud Abdullaev.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Uzbek: Abdulla Qodiriy, Абдулла Қодирий; Russian: Абдулла́ Кадыри́, romanized: Abdulla Kadiri. Spelled Abdullah Qodiriy and Abdullah Kadiri in some English sources.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Fierman, William (2009). "Uzbekistan". Microsoft Student. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.
  2. ^ a b Mirvaliyev, Sobir. "Abdulla Qodiriy". Ziyouz (in Uzbek). Retrieved April 8, 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Qodiriy, Abdulla". Ensiklopedik lugʻat (in Uzbek). Vol. 2. Toshkent: Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi. 1990. p. 490. 5-89890-018-7..
  4. ^ a b "Uzbek Literature". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
  5. ^ Merhan, Aziz (2007). "ABDULLA QODIRIY (1894-1938) DER PIONIER DER USBEKISCHEN ROMANKUNST UND SEINE WERKE". Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (in Turkish). 1 (17): 403–411.
  6. ^ Ashur, Sadriddin (January 19, 2010). "Халқим деган Ойбек абадиятга қолди." [Oybek, who is called my people, has remained forever]. Озодлик радиоси (in Uzbek). Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  7. ^ Ismailov, Hamid (translated by Donald Rayfield, with verse translations by John Farndon) (2018). The Devils' Dance. Sheffield: Tilted Axis Press. ISBN 9781911284130.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture" (PDF). UZDOC: Doctoral studies in Uzbekistan. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  9. ^ "About the institute". UzSIAC - The Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture. September 2, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
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