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{{Short description|Egyptian diplomat}}
{{other people||Mohammed Hafez (disambiguation){{!}}Mohammed Hafez}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hafez Ismail
| name = Hafez Ismail
| image = [[File:Muhammad Hafez Ismail.jpg]]
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|10|28|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|10|28|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|1|1|1919|10|28|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|1|1|1919|10|28|df=y}}
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| president1 = [[Anwar Sadat]]
| president1 = [[Anwar Sadat]]
| predecessor1 = Office established
| predecessor1 = Office established
| successor1 = [[None]]
| successor1 = None
| order2 = Director of [[General Intelligence Directorate]]
| order2 = Director of [[General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)|General Intelligence Directorate]]
| term_start2 = May 1970
| term_start2 = May 1970
| term_end2 = November 1970
| term_end2 = November 1970
| president2 = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| president2 = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| predecessor2 = [[Amin Howeidi]]
| predecessor2 = [[Amin Howeidi]]
| successor2 = [[Ahmed Kamel]]
| successor2 = [[Ahmed Kamel (politician)|Ahmed Kamel]]
| order3 = [[Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| order3 = Deputy [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)]]
| term_start3 = September 1960
| term_start3 = September 1960
| term_end3 = June 1964
| term_end3 = June 1964
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| spouse = Safa Nour
| spouse = Safa Nour
| education = War College, Cairo, [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]], Military Staff Academy, Cairo, [[Staff College, Camberley]]
| education = War College, Cairo, [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]], Military Staff Academy, Cairo, [[Staff College, Camberley]]
}}
}}{{no footnotes|date=June 2019}}
⚫
'''Mohammed Hafez Ismail, [[Arabic]]: محمد حافظ إسماعيل''' known as '''Hafez Ismail''' (October 28, 1919 – January 1, 1997) was an Egyptian "statesman beyond rank",<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=|title=Obituary: Statesman Beyond Rank|last=Sami|first=Aziza|date=January 9, 1997|work=Ahram Weekly|access-date=}}</ref> who's four decade career included military, foreign service and intelligence roles, making his "life read like a foreign policy history of contemporary Egypt".<ref name=":0" />


⚫
'''Mohammed Hafez Ismail,''' sometimes spelt Muhammad Hafiz Ismail '''[[Arabic]]: محمد حافظ إسماعيل''' known as '''Hafez Ismail''', (October 28, 1919 – January 1, 1997) was an Egyptian "statesman beyond rank",<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Obituary: Statesman Beyond Rank|last=Sami|first=Aziza|date=January 9, 1997|work=Ahram Weekly}}</ref> whose four decade career included military, foreign service and intelligence roles, making his "life read like a foreign policy history of contemporary Egypt".<ref name=":0" />
⚫
After graduating from military schools in Egypt and Britain in 1939, Ismail led an Egyptian unit in the [[Egypt during World War II|Second World War]] close to Egypt's border with Italian occupied Libya,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Amn Misr al-Qawmi fi ‘asr al-Tahadiyyat|last=Ismail|first=Hafez|publisher=Dar al-Ahram li-L-Tarjama|year=1987|isbn=|location=Cairo|language=Arabic|trans-title=Egyptian National Security in an Era of Challenges}}</ref> and was stationed in Arish and Rafah in the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab-Israeli War]] in 1948-49.<ref name=":1" />


==Biography==
⚫
Ismail would then take on staff roles, starting as deputy [[Military attaché]] to [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] in 1951. After the [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|July 1952 Revolution]] which established the republic and independence from Britain, he was appointed as Director of the Bureau of the Commander in Chief, [[Abdel Hakim Amer]], where between 1953 and 1960 he was entrusted with rebuilding a post-colonial military, leading secret delegations to the [[Soviet Union]], the more famous of which was the 1955 [[Egyptian–Czechoslovak arms deal|Egyptian-Czechoslovak arms deal]]. Ismail also liaised with Syrian military leaders during the [[Tripartite Aggression]] against Egypt in 1956, and facilitated the merger of Syrian and Egyptian troops in the lead up to the formation between them of the [[United Arab Republic]] in 1958.<ref name=":1" />
⚫
After graduating from military schools in Egypt and Britain in 1939,<ref name=":2">''[[TimesDaily|Times Daily]]'', 2 January, 1997, [http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19970102&id=CVAeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=X8cEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5683,126887 Former Ambassador Dies In Cairo]</ref> Ismail led an Egyptian unit in the [[Egypt during World War II|Second World War]] close to Egypt's border with Italian occupied Libya, and was stationed in Arish and Rafah in the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab-Israeli War]] in 1948–49.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Amn Misr al-Qawmi fi ‘asr al-Tahadiyyat|last=Ismail|first=Hafez|publisher=Markaz al-Ahram li-l-tarjama wa-l-nashr|year=1987|location=Cairo|pages=a 15, 21 & 25 - b 45–46 - c 64 & 73 - d 76 - e 155|language=ar|trans-title=Egyptian National Security in an Era of Challenges}}</ref>


⚫
Ismail would then take on staff roles, starting as deputy [[Military attaché]] to [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] in 1951. After the [[Egyptian revolution of 1952|July 1952 Revolution]] which established the republic and independence from Britain, he was appointed as Director of the Bureau of the Commander in Chief, [[Abdel Hakim Amer]], where between 1953 and 1960 he was entrusted with rebuilding a post-colonial military, leading secret delegations to the [[Soviet Union]], the more famous of which was the 1955 [[Egyptian–Czechoslovak arms deal|Egyptian-Czechoslovak arms deal]].<ref name=":1" /> Ismail also liaised with Syrian military leaders during the [[Tripartite Aggression]] against Egypt in 1956, and facilitated the merger of Syrian and Egyptian troops in the lead up to the formation between them of the [[United Arab Republic]] in 1958.<ref name=":1" />
⚫
In 1960, Hafez Ismail retired from the military and was made deputy at the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] and given the task of modernizing it,<ref name=":1" /> before being posted as ambassador to London, Paris, Dublin and Rome between 1963 and 1970.<ref name=":0" />


⚫
In 1960, Hafez Ismail retired from the military and was made deputy at the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] and given the task of modernizing it,<ref name=":1" /> before being posted as ambassador to London, Paris, Dublin and Rome between 1963 and 1970.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
⚫
His career took another shift in 1970, this time to intelligence when President [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] appointed him director of the [[General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)|General Intelligence Directorate]] in the wake of the 1967 defeat from Israel in the [[Six-Day War|Six Day War]].<ref name=":1" /> A year later he became National Security Adviser (1971-1974) for Nasser's successor [[Anwar Sadat]],<ref>Presidential Decree 2403/1971</ref> and Presidential Chief of Staff (1973),<ref>Presidential Decree 435/1973</ref> conducting secret talks with the US in the lead up to the [[October War]] that saw Egypt retake the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]]. After falling out with Sadat who was ignoring his consul,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1978CAIRO22445_d.html|title=FOREIGN MINISTER CANDIDATES?|last=Walter|first=Sheryl P.|date=October 6, 1978|website=WikiLeaks Cable 1978CAIRO22445_d|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/840477610|title=Soldiers, spies, and statesmen : Egypt's road to revolt|last=Kandil|first=Hazem|publisher=Verso|year=2013|isbn=1781681422|edition=Paperback edition|location=London|pages=137|oclc=840477610}}</ref> Ismail rejoined the foreign service where he was posted to Moscow and later Paris before reaching retirement in 1979.

⚫
His career took another shift in 1970, this time to intelligence when President [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] appointed him director of the [[General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)|General Intelligence Directorate]] in the wake of the 1967 defeat from Israel in the [[Six-Day War|Six Day War]].<ref name=":1" /> A year later he became National Security Adviser (1971-1974) for Nasser's successor [[Anwar Sadat]],<ref>Presidential Decree 2403/1971</ref> and Presidential Chief of Staff (1973),<ref>Presidential Decree 435/1973</ref> conducting secret talks with the US in the lead up to the [[Yom Kippur War|October War]] that saw Egypt attempt to retake the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]]. After falling out with Sadat who was ignoring his consul,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Soldiers, spies, and statesmen : Egypt's road to revolt|last=Kandil|first=Hazem|publisher=Verso|year=2013|isbn=1781681422|edition=Paperback|location=London|pages=137|oclc=840477610}}</ref> Ismail rejoined the foreign service where he was posted to Moscow and later Paris before reaching retirement in 1979.


Hafez Ismail spent his later years writing and lecturing, while holding an honorary post as director of the [[General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)|General Intelligence]] think tank, the Republican Center for Strategic and Security Studies.
Hafez Ismail spent his later years writing and lecturing, while holding an honorary post as director of the [[General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)|General Intelligence]] think tank, the Republican Center for Strategic and Security Studies.
Line 50: Line 54:
''[http://cedej.bibalex.org/DocumentFrm.aspx?documentID=198044 ‘an al-Diplomasiya wal-Harb]'' [On Diplomacy and War]. al-Ahaly, February 16, 1994.
''[http://cedej.bibalex.org/DocumentFrm.aspx?documentID=198044 ‘an al-Diplomasiya wal-Harb]'' [On Diplomacy and War]. al-Ahaly, February 16, 1994.


[http://cedej.bibalex.org/DocumentFrm.aspx?documentID=221806 ''Siyasat Misr al-Kharijiya fi ‘aqd al-Thamaninat''] (egypt's Foreign Policy in the 1980s]. al-ahram, October 21, 1991.
[http://cedej.bibalex.org/DocumentFrm.aspx?documentID=221806 ''Siyasat Misr al-Kharijiya fi ‘aqd al-Thamaninat''] (Egypt's Foreign Policy in the 1980s]. al-ahram, October 21, 1991.


[http://cedej.bibalex.org/DocumentFrm.aspx?documentID=371376 ''Dirasa Jadida: Maza Yajri fi-l-Itihad al-Sovieti?''] [New Study: What is Happening in the Soviet Union?]. Al-Gomhuriya, August 14, 1988.
[http://cedej.bibalex.org/DocumentFrm.aspx?documentID=371376 ''Dirasa Jadida: Maza Yajri fi-l-Itihad al-Sovieti?''] [New Study: What is Happening in the Soviet Union?]. Al-Gomhuriya, August 14, 1988.
Line 59: Line 63:


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ismail, Mohammed Hafez}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ismail, Mohammed Hafez}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Egyptian diplomats]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Egypt to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Egypt to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Egypt to France]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Egypt to France]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Egypt to Italy]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Egypt to Italy]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Egypt to the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Egypt to the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Directors of the General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)]]
[[Category:Egyptian expatriates in the United Kingdom]]

Latest revision as of 22:06, 15 December 2024

For other people with the same name, see Mohammed Hafez.
Hafez Ismail
National Security Advisor
In office
September 1971 – 1973
PresidentAnwar Sadat
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byNone
Director of General Intelligence Directorate
In office
May 1970 – November 1970
PresidentGamal Abdel Nasser
Preceded byAmin Howeidi
Succeeded byAhmed Kamel
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs (Egypt)
In office
September 1960 – June 1964
PresidentGamal Abdel Nasser
Personal details
Born(1919-10-28)28 October 1919
Died1 January 1997(1997-01-01) (aged 77)
Cairo, Egypt
Resting placeCairo, Egypt
SpouseSafa Nour
EducationWar College, Cairo, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Military Staff Academy, Cairo, Staff College, Camberley
Military service
Allegiance Egypt
Branch/service Egyptian Army
Years of service1939–1960
Rank Lieutenant General
CommandsDirector of the Bureau of the Commander in Chief
Battles/warsSecond World War
1948 Arab–Israeli War
AwardsLegion of Merit

Mohammed Hafez Ismail, sometimes spelt Muhammad Hafiz Ismail Arabic: محمد حافظ إسماعيل known as Hafez Ismail, (October 28, 1919 – January 1, 1997) was an Egyptian "statesman beyond rank",[1] whose four decade career included military, foreign service and intelligence roles, making his "life read like a foreign policy history of contemporary Egypt".[1]

Biography

[edit]

After graduating from military schools in Egypt and Britain in 1939,[2] Ismail led an Egyptian unit in the Second World War close to Egypt's border with Italian occupied Libya, and was stationed in Arish and Rafah in the Arab-Israeli War in 1948–49.[3]

Ismail would then take on staff roles, starting as deputy Military attaché to Washington in 1951. After the July 1952 Revolution which established the republic and independence from Britain, he was appointed as Director of the Bureau of the Commander in Chief, Abdel Hakim Amer, where between 1953 and 1960 he was entrusted with rebuilding a post-colonial military, leading secret delegations to the Soviet Union, the more famous of which was the 1955 Egyptian-Czechoslovak arms deal.[3] Ismail also liaised with Syrian military leaders during the Tripartite Aggression against Egypt in 1956, and facilitated the merger of Syrian and Egyptian troops in the lead up to the formation between them of the United Arab Republic in 1958.[3]

In 1960, Hafez Ismail retired from the military and was made deputy at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and given the task of modernizing it,[3] before being posted as ambassador to London, Paris, Dublin and Rome between 1963 and 1970.[1][2]

His career took another shift in 1970, this time to intelligence when President Gamal Abdel Nasser appointed him director of the General Intelligence Directorate in the wake of the 1967 defeat from Israel in the Six Day War.[3] A year later he became National Security Adviser (1971-1974) for Nasser's successor Anwar Sadat,[4] and Presidential Chief of Staff (1973),[5] conducting secret talks with the US in the lead up to the October War that saw Egypt attempt to retake the Sinai. After falling out with Sadat who was ignoring his consul,[6] Ismail rejoined the foreign service where he was posted to Moscow and later Paris before reaching retirement in 1979.

Hafez Ismail spent his later years writing and lecturing, while holding an honorary post as director of the General Intelligence think tank, the Republican Center for Strategic and Security Studies.

Writings

[edit]

Amn Misr al-Qawmi fi ‘asr al-Tahadiyyat [Egyptian National Security in an Era of Challenges] (in Arabic). Cairo: Dar al-Ahram li-L-Tarjama, 1987.

‘an al-Diplomasiya wal-Harb [On Diplomacy and War]. al-Ahaly, February 16, 1994.

Siyasat Misr al-Kharijiya fi ‘aqd al-Thamaninat (Egypt's Foreign Policy in the 1980s]. al-ahram, October 21, 1991.

Dirasa Jadida: Maza Yajri fi-l-Itihad al-Sovieti? [New Study: What is Happening in the Soviet Union?]. Al-Gomhuriya, August 14, 1988.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Sami, Aziza (January 9, 1997). "Obituary: Statesman Beyond Rank". Ahram Weekly.
  2. ^ a b Times Daily, 2 January, 1997, Former Ambassador Dies In Cairo
  3. ^ a b c d e Ismail, Hafez (1987). Amn Misr al-Qawmi fi ‘asr al-Tahadiyyat [Egyptian National Security in an Era of Challenges] (in Arabic). Cairo: Markaz al-Ahram li-l-tarjama wa-l-nashr. pp. a 15, 21 & 25 - b 45–46 - c 64 & 73 - d 76 - e 155.
  4. ^ Presidential Decree 2403/1971
  5. ^ Presidential Decree 435/1973
  6. ^ Kandil, Hazem (2013). Soldiers, spies, and statesmen : Egypt's road to revolt (Paperback ed.). London: Verso. p. 137. ISBN 1781681422. OCLC 840477610.
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