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{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
|name = Kurdish Future Movement in Syria
| name = Kurdish Future Movement in Syria
|native_name = Şepêla Pêsrojê ya Kurdî li Sûriyê
| native_name = Şepêla Pêşeroj a Kurdî li Sûriyê
|lang1 = Arabic
| lang1 = Arabic
|name_lang1 = تيار المستقبل الكردي في سوريا
| name_lang1 = تيار المستقبل الكردي في سوريا
|logo = [[File:Kurdish Future Movement.svg|250px]]
| logo = Kurdish Future Movement.svg
| logo_size = 250px
|colorcode = #FF091E
| colorcode = {{party color|Kurdish Future Movement in Syria}}
|leader =
| leader =
|founder = [[Mashaal Tammo]]
| founder = [[Mashaal Tammo]]
|slogan =
| slogan =
|founded = {{Start date|2005|05|29}}
| founded = {{Start date|2005|05|29}}
|dissolved =
| dissolved =
|merger =
| merger =
|split =
| split =
|predecessor =
| predecessor =
|merged =
| merged =
|successor =
| successor =
|headquarters =
| headquarters =
|newspaper =
| newspaper =
|student_wing =
| student_wing =
|youth_wing =
| youth_wing =
|wing1_title =
| wing1_title =
|wing1 =
| wing1 =
|membership_year =
| membership_year =
|membership =
| membership =
|ideology = [[Secularism]],<br />[[Liberalism]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Anthony Shadid |title=Killing of Opposition Leader in Syria Provokes Kurds |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/world/middleeast/killing-of-opposition-leader-in-syria-provokes-kurds.html |work=[[New York Times]] |date=8 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref><br />[[Kurds in Syria|Syrian Kurdish interests]]
| ideology = [[Secularism]]<br>[[Liberalism]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Anthony Shadid |title=Killing of Opposition Leader in Syria Provokes Kurds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/world/middleeast/killing-of-opposition-leader-in-syria-provokes-kurds.html |work=[[New York Times]] |date=8 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref><br>[[Kurds in Syria|Syrian Kurdish interests]]
|position = [[Centrism|Centre]]
| position = [[Centrism|Centre]]
|national = [[Kurdish National Council]]
| national = [[Kurdish National Council]]
|colors =
| colors =
|seats1_title = [[People's Council of Syria|People's Council]]
| seats1_title = [[People's Council of Syria|People's Council]]
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|250|hex=#fff}}
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|0|250|hex={{party color|Kurdish Future Movement in Syria}}}}
|symbol =
| symbol =
|flag =
| flag =
|website =
| website =
|country = Syria
| country = Syria
}}
}}
{{Politics of Syrian Kurdistan}}
{{Politics of Syrian Kurdistan}}


The '''Kurdish Future Movement in Syria''' ({{lang-ar|تيار المستقبل الكردي في سوريا}}, {{lang-ku|Şepêla Pêsrojê ya Kurdî li Sûriyê}}) is a liberal [[Kurds in Syria|Syrian Kurdish]] political party established in 2005 by [[Mashaal Tammo]], who in 2011 was assassinated. Following internal leadership battles, the party has suffered a split, with both factions continuing to exist under the same name.
The '''Kurdish Future Movement in Syria''' ({{langx|ar|تيار المستقبل الكردي في سوريا}}, {{langx|ku|Şepêla Pêşeroj a Kurdî li Sûriyê}}) is a liberal [[Kurds in Syria|Syrian Kurdish]] political party established in 2005 by [[Mashaal Tammo]], who in 2011 was assassinated. Following internal leadership battles, the party has suffered a split, with both factions continuing to exist under the same name.


==Party history==
==Party history==


===Founding years and Syrian Revolution===
===Founding years and the Syrian Civil War===


The ''Kurdish Future Movement'' was founded on 29 May 2005 by Syrian Kurdish politician [[Mashaal Tammo]] pursuant to the ''Syrian Committee for the Revival of Civil Society'', and the ''[[Celadet Bedir Khan|Bedir Khan]] Cultural Forum'' of [[al-Qamishli]]. Earlier than most of the other Kurdish parties, the party established a relationship with the Syrian Arab opposition.<ref name=Orsam>{{cite book |title=ORSAM Report 127: Kurdish Movements in Syria |url=http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/enUploads/Article/Files/2012828_127%20ing%20yeni.pdf |publisher=Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies |location=Ankara |date=August 2012 |isbn=978-605-4615-23-0 |page=22}}</ref>
The ''Kurdish Future Movement'' was founded on 29 May 2005 by Syrian Kurdish politician [[Mashaal Tammo]] pursuant to the ''Syrian Committee for the Revival of Civil Society'', and the ''[[Celadet Bedir Khan|Bedir Khan]] Cultural Forum'' of [[Qamishli]]. Earlier than most of the other Kurdish parties, the party established a relationship with the Syrian Arab opposition.<ref name=Orsam>{{cite book |title=ORSAM Report 127: Kurdish Movements in Syria |url=http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/enUploads/Article/Files/2012828_127%20ing%20yeni.pdf |publisher=Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies |location=Ankara |date=August 2012 |isbn=978-605-4615-23-0 |page=22}}</ref>


In August 2008, Tammo was arrested and charged with "committing aggression and arming Syrians to start civil war," a charge he denied.<ref>{{cite web |title=Syrian authorities arrest two Kurdish leaders |url=http://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2008/9/syriakurdistan147.htm |publisher=ekurd.net |date=1 September 2008 |accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref> In June 2011, inmidst the [[Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War|2011 civil uprisings]], Tammo was released from prison. Having represented the party on an [[Istanbul]] meeting of the Syrian opposition on 16 July,<ref name=Orsam /> he took part in the foundation process of the [[Syrian National Council]] (SNC), making the ''Future Movement'' the only Kurdish member party actively committed to the SNC. Tammo however withdrew his party's support from the founding conference's final declaration, given that it didn't recognize Syria's [[Kurds in Syria|Kurdish people]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Jülide Karakoç |title=Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Before and After the Arab Uprisings |publisher=[[Palgrave MacMillan]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-137-44554-4 |url={{Google books|_Me_BwAAQBAJ|page=141|plainurl=y}} |page=141}}</ref>
In August 2008, Tammo was arrested and charged with "committing aggression and arming Syrians to start civil war," a charge he denied.<ref>{{cite web |title=Syrian authorities arrest two Kurdish leaders |url=http://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2008/9/syriakurdistan147.htm |website=[[Ekurd.net]] |date=1 September 2008 |accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref> In June 2011, inmidst the [[Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War|2011 civil uprisings]], Tammo was released from prison. Having represented the party on an [[Istanbul]] meeting of the Syrian opposition on 16 July,<ref name=Orsam /> he took part in the foundation process of the [[Syrian National Council]] (SNC), making the ''Future Movement'' the only Kurdish member party actively committed to the SNC. Tammo however withdrew his party's support from the founding conference's final declaration, given that it didn't recognize Syria's [[Kurds in Syria|Kurdish people]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Jülide Karakoç |title=Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Before and After the Arab Uprisings |publisher=[[Palgrave MacMillan]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-137-44554-4 |url={{Google books|_Me_BwAAQBAJ|page=141|plainurl=y}} |page=141}}</ref>


The Kurdish Future Movement has strong relations with Kurdish youth groups and has been actively involved in dissident demonstrations and protests since the beginning of the uprising. In fact, members of the Kurdish opposition have accused the Kurdish Future Movement of focusing excessively on the revolution, while failing to uphold and defend Kurdish interests.
The Kurdish Future Movement has strong relations with Kurdish youth groups and has been actively involved in dissident demonstrations and protests since the beginning of the uprising. In fact, members of the Kurdish opposition have accused the Kurdish Future Movement of focusing excessively on the revolution, while failing to uphold and defend Kurdish interests.


In contrast to the majority of Kurdish parties in Syria, the Kurdish Future Movement does not see the Kurdish question as a regional matter. It doesn’t call for Kurdish self-determination but for full participation in the new government based on proportional representation, and it demands recognition of the Kurdish people as a main, rather than second, ethnicity in Syria.{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}}
In contrast to the majority of Kurdish parties in Syria, the Kurdish Future Movement does not see the Kurdish question as a regional matter. It doesn't call for Kurdish self-determination but for full participation in the new government based on proportional representation, and it demands recognition of the Kurdish people as a main, rather than second, ethnicity in Syria.{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}}


===Party split after Tammo's assassination===
===Party split after Tammo's assassination===
Having survived a first assassination attempt in August, Mashaal Tammo was however killed on a second attempt November 11 in al-Qamishli.<ref name=Orsam /> [[Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus]], chairman of the party's Office of General Communications, blamed the Syrian intelligence services having killed founding leader Tammo,<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus |url=http://www.kurdwatch.org/html/en/interview9.html |publisher=KurdWatch |date=19 January 2012 |accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref> and indeed in October 2012, TV network [[Al Arabiya]] published leaked files indicating that Tammo was assassinated by the [[Air Force Intelligence Directorate]] and upon presidential order by [[Bashar al-Assad]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assad ordered killing of Kurdish activist Mashaal Tammo: Leaked files |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/10/10/242928.html |date=10 October 2012 |accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref>
Having survived a first assassination attempt in August, Mashaal Tammo was however killed on a second attempt November 11 in Qamishli.<ref name=Orsam /> [[Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus]], chairman of the party's Office of General Communications, blamed the Syrian intelligence services having killed founding leader Tammo,<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus |url=http://www.kurdwatch.org/html/en/interview9.html |publisher=KurdWatch |date=19 January 2012 |accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref> and indeed in October 2012, TV network [[Al Arabiya]] published leaked files indicating that Tammo was assassinated by the [[Air Force Intelligence Directorate]] and upon presidential order by [[Bashar al-Assad]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assad ordered killing of Kurdish activist Mashaal Tammo: Leaked files |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/10/10/242928.html |date=10 October 2012 |accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref>


Since Tammo's death, the ''Kurdish Future Movement'' suffered from internal leadership battles.<ref>{{cite web |editor=Tom Lansford |title=Political Handbook of the World 2015 |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4833-7157-3|url={{Google books|yNGfBwAAQBAJ|plainurl=y}}}}</ref> On July 6, 2012, the party split in two when some twenty people convening a general assembly in [[Qamishli]] declared the chairman [[Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus]] to be deposed and replaced him with the successor [[Jangidar Muhammad]]. As Shaykhmus' supporters didn't recognize the elections, there are currently two parties known as the Kurdish Future Movement in Syria.<ref>[http://www.kurdwatch.org/?aid=2589 Al-Qamishli: Future Movement splits]</ref>
Since Tammo's death, the ''Kurdish Future Movement'' suffered from internal leadership battles.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Tom Lansford |title=Political Handbook of the World 2015 |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4833-7157-3|url={{Google books|yNGfBwAAQBAJ|plainurl=y}}}}</ref> On July 6, 2012, the party split in two when some twenty people convening a general assembly in [[Qamishli]] declared the chairman [[Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus]] to be deposed and replaced him with the successor [[Jangidar Muhammad]]. As Shaykhmus' supporters didn't recognize the elections, there are currently two parties known as the Kurdish Future Movement in Syria.<ref>[http://www.kurdwatch.org/?aid=2589 Al-Qamishli: Future Movement splits]</ref>


On its October 17 to 19, 2014 congress in [[Istanbul]], the Shaykhmus-wing of the Kurdish Future Movement elected the previous European representative [[Siamend Hajo]] chairman. The party also decided to create a military wing in order to protect civilians in the Kurdish regions. Otherwise the party decided to work covertly in Syria in order to avoid persecution by the [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party - Syria Region|Assad government]] and the [[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|PYD]].<ref>[http://www.kurdwatch.org/?aid=3260 Istanbul: Future Movement founds military wing]</ref>
On its October 17 to 19, 2014 congress in [[Istanbul]], the Shaykhmus-wing of the Kurdish Future Movement elected the previous European representative [[Siamend Hajo]] chairman. The party also decided to create a military wing in order to protect civilians in the Kurdish regions. Otherwise the party decided to work covertly in Syria in order to avoid persecution by the [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party - Syria Region|Assad government]] and the [[Democratic Union Party (Syria)|PYD]].<ref>[http://www.kurdwatch.org/?aid=3260 Istanbul: Future Movement founds military wing]</ref>

Rasheed Muhammad, a member of the Future Movement, was also a member of the [[city council|local council]] in the town of Darbasiya, Hasaka Governorate. On 1 April 2017, he was arrested by PYD-led self-management forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sn4hr.org/blog/2017/04/01/member-kurdish-future-movement-arrested-kurdish-self-management-forces-al-darbasiya-city-hasaka-governorate-april-1/|title=Member of the Kurdish Future Movement arrested by Kurdish Self-management forces in al Darbasiya city in Hasaka governorate on April 1|work=Syrian Network for Human Rights|date=1 April 2017}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 62: Line 65:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.kurdfuture.org/ Website I]
*[http://www.kurdfuture.org/ Website I]
* [http://www.kurdishfuture.net/ Website II]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140405231837/http://kurdishfuture.net/ Website II]

{{Syrian political parties}}
{{Syrian political parties}}
{{Syrian civil war}}
{{Syrian Civil War}}


⚫
[[Category:Kurdish political parties in Syria]]
⚫
[[Category:Politics of Rojava]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Syria]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Syria]]
⚫
[[Category:Centrist parties in Asia]]
⚫
[[Category:Kurdish political parties in Syria]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Asia]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2005]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2005]]
[[Category:Political parties in Syria]]
[[Category:Political parties in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria]]

Latest revision as of 04:46, 16 December 2024

Kurdish Future Movement in Syria
Şepêla Pêşeroj a Kurdî li Sûriyê
Arabic nameتيار المستقبل الكردي في سوريا
FounderMashaal Tammo
FoundedMay 29, 2005 (2005-05-29)
IdeologySecularism
Liberalism[1]
Syrian Kurdish interests
Political positionCentre
National affiliationKurdish National Council
People's Council
0 / 250
Politics of Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
Symbols
Constitution
Legislature and Government
Elections
Political parties
Party alliances
Administrative regions
Foreign relations

The Kurdish Future Movement in Syria (Arabic: تيار المستقبل الكردي في سوريا, Kurdish: Şepêla Pêşeroj a Kurdî li Sûriyê) is a liberal Syrian Kurdish political party established in 2005 by Mashaal Tammo, who in 2011 was assassinated. Following internal leadership battles, the party has suffered a split, with both factions continuing to exist under the same name.

Party history

[edit]

Founding years and the Syrian Civil War

[edit]

The Kurdish Future Movement was founded on 29 May 2005 by Syrian Kurdish politician Mashaal Tammo pursuant to the Syrian Committee for the Revival of Civil Society, and the Bedir Khan Cultural Forum of Qamishli. Earlier than most of the other Kurdish parties, the party established a relationship with the Syrian Arab opposition.[2]

In August 2008, Tammo was arrested and charged with "committing aggression and arming Syrians to start civil war," a charge he denied.[3] In June 2011, inmidst the 2011 civil uprisings, Tammo was released from prison. Having represented the party on an Istanbul meeting of the Syrian opposition on 16 July,[2] he took part in the foundation process of the Syrian National Council (SNC), making the Future Movement the only Kurdish member party actively committed to the SNC. Tammo however withdrew his party's support from the founding conference's final declaration, given that it didn't recognize Syria's Kurdish people.[4]

The Kurdish Future Movement has strong relations with Kurdish youth groups and has been actively involved in dissident demonstrations and protests since the beginning of the uprising. In fact, members of the Kurdish opposition have accused the Kurdish Future Movement of focusing excessively on the revolution, while failing to uphold and defend Kurdish interests.

In contrast to the majority of Kurdish parties in Syria, the Kurdish Future Movement does not see the Kurdish question as a regional matter. It doesn't call for Kurdish self-determination but for full participation in the new government based on proportional representation, and it demands recognition of the Kurdish people as a main, rather than second, ethnicity in Syria.[citation needed]

Party split after Tammo's assassination

[edit]

Having survived a first assassination attempt in August, Mashaal Tammo was however killed on a second attempt November 11 in Qamishli.[2] Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus, chairman of the party's Office of General Communications, blamed the Syrian intelligence services having killed founding leader Tammo,[5] and indeed in October 2012, TV network Al Arabiya published leaked files indicating that Tammo was assassinated by the Air Force Intelligence Directorate and upon presidential order by Bashar al-Assad.[6]

Since Tammo's death, the Kurdish Future Movement suffered from internal leadership battles.[7] On July 6, 2012, the party split in two when some twenty people convening a general assembly in Qamishli declared the chairman Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus to be deposed and replaced him with the successor Jangidar Muhammad. As Shaykhmus' supporters didn't recognize the elections, there are currently two parties known as the Kurdish Future Movement in Syria.[8]

On its October 17 to 19, 2014 congress in Istanbul, the Shaykhmus-wing of the Kurdish Future Movement elected the previous European representative Siamend Hajo chairman. The party also decided to create a military wing in order to protect civilians in the Kurdish regions. Otherwise the party decided to work covertly in Syria in order to avoid persecution by the Assad government and the PYD.[9]

Rasheed Muhammad, a member of the Future Movement, was also a member of the local council in the town of Darbasiya, Hasaka Governorate. On 1 April 2017, he was arrested by PYD-led self-management forces.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Anthony Shadid (8 October 2011). "Killing of Opposition Leader in Syria Provokes Kurds". New York Times. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  2. ^ a b c ORSAM Report 127: Kurdish Movements in Syria (PDF). Ankara: Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies. August 2012. p. 22. ISBN 978-605-4615-23-0.
  3. ^ "Syrian authorities arrest two Kurdish leaders". Ekurd.net. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  4. ^ Jülide Karakoç (2015). Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Before and After the Arab Uprisings. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-137-44554-4.
  5. ^ "Interview with Rezan Bahri Shaykhmus". KurdWatch. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  6. ^ "Assad ordered killing of Kurdish activist Mashaal Tammo: Leaked files". 10 October 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  7. ^ Tom Lansford, ed. (2015). Political Handbook of the World 2015. ISBN 978-1-4833-7157-3.
  8. ^ Al-Qamishli: Future Movement splits
  9. ^ Istanbul: Future Movement founds military wing
  10. ^ "Member of the Kurdish Future Movement arrested by Kurdish Self-management forces in al Darbasiya city in Hasaka governorate on April 1". Syrian Network for Human Rights. 1 April 2017.
[edit]
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