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{{Short description|Sogdian prince and Abbasid commander and official (died 879)}}
'''Abi'l-Saj Devdad''' (d. 879) was a [[Sogdia]]n prince, who was of the most prominent [[emir]]s, commanders and officials of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]. He was the eponymous ancestor of the [[Sajid dynasty]] of [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]]. His father was named Devdasht.
{{More citations needed|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Abu'l-Saj Devdad <br> أبو الساج ديوداد
| image =
| alt =
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| monarch1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = Abbasid Governor of [[Ahvaz]]
| term_start2 = 875
| term_end2 = 876
| monarch2 = [[al-Mu'tamid]]
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 = Ibrahim ibn Sima
| pronunciation =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Abbasid Caliphate
| death_date = 879
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| relations =
| children = [[Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Saj|Muhammad]], <br> [[Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj|Yusuf]]
| parents = Devdad
| spouse =
| relatives = Abd al-Rahman ibn Muflih (son in-law)
|module = {{Infobox military person | embed = yes
| allegiance = [[Abbasid Caliphate]]
| branch = Abbasid Army
| serviceyears =
| rank = Commander
| unit =
| commands =
| battles_label =
| battles = [[Abbasid civil war (865–866)|Fifth Fitna]]
| awards =
}}
}}

'''Abu'l-Sāj Dēvdād''' (in {{langx|ar|أبو الساج ديوداد}} ''Abū al-Sāj Dīwdād'') (died 879) was a [[Sogdia]]n prince, who was of the most prominent [[emir]]s, commanders and officials of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]. He was the eponymous ancestor of the [[Sajid dynasty]] of [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan]]. His father was named Devdasht.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Abi'l-Saj belonged to [[Sogdia]]n family from Jankakath and Suydak, which were two villages that were very close to each other, and were the dependencies of [[Principality of Ushrusana|Ushrusana]]. He entered into the service of the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]] and fought under the [[Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin|Afshin]] during the latter's final campaign against the rebel [[Babak Khorramdin]] in 837 AD. He also fought against the [[Qarinvand dynasty|Karenid]] rebel [[Mazyar]] in 839, and one year later against [[Mankjur al-Farghani]], the lieutenant and cousin of Afshin. Over the next several decades he served the caliphs in various provinces.<ref>Madelung, "Dynasties," 228</ref> In 865 he sided with the caliph [[al-Musta'in]] during the [[Caliphal Civil War (865-866)|civil war of that year]], and was put in charge of the defense of [[al-Mada'in]].<ref>Madelung, "Banu Saj"</ref>
Abu'l-Saj belonged to [[Sogdia]]n family from Jankakath and Suydak, which were two villages that were very close to each other, and were the dependencies of [[Principality of Ushrusana|Ushrusana]]. He entered into the service of the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]] and fought under the [[Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin|Afshin]] during the latter's final campaign against the rebel [[Babak Khorramdin]] in 837 AD. He also fought against the [[Qarinvand dynasty|Karenid]] rebel [[Mazyar]] in 839, and one year later against [[Mankjur al-Farghani]], the lieutenant and cousin of Afshin. Over the next several decades he served the caliphs in various provinces.<ref>Madelung, "Dynasties," 228</ref> In 865 he sided with the caliph [[al-Musta'in]] during the [[Caliphal Civil War (865-866)|civil war of that year]], and was put in charge of the defense of [[al-Mada'in]].<ref>Madelung, "Banu Saj"</ref>


In 875, Abi'l-Saj was appointed as the governor of [[Ahvaz]] by the caliph and was given a task to assignment to suppress the [[Zanj Rebellion|rebellion]] of 'Ali ibn Muhammad, who had assembled and encouraged a group of [[Zanj]]i slaves to rebel. Abi'l-Saj, while he was on his way to Ahvaz, sent his son-in-law, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Muflih, to [[Fars Province|Fars]] in order to subdue the millitary adventurer [[Muhammad ibn Wasil]]. However, when Abi'l-Saj was in Dulab (a village near Ahvaz), news reached to him about the defeat and death of 'Abd al-Rahman, which made him go to 'Askar Mukram instead. The Zanjis used this as an opportunity to attack Ahvaz, where they subjected the city into pillaging and killing. This made the caliph dismiss Abi'l-Saj from his post by appointing Ibrahim ibn Sima instead.
In 875, Abu'l-Saj was appointed as the governor of [[Ahvaz]] by the caliph and was given a task to assignment to suppress the [[Zanj Rebellion|rebellion]] of 'Ali ibn Muhammad, who had assembled and encouraged a group of [[Zanj]]i slaves to rebel. Abu'l-Saj, while he was on his way to Ahvaz, sent his son-in-law, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Muflih, to [[Fars Province|Fars]] in order to subdue the military adventurer [[Muhammad ibn Wasil]]. However, when Abu'l-Saj was in Dulab (a village near Ahvaz), news reached to him about the defeat and death of 'Abd al-Rahman, which made him go to 'Askar Mukram instead. The Zanjis used this as an opportunity to attack Ahvaz, where they subjected the city into pillaging and killing. This made the caliph dismiss Abu'l-Saj from his post by appointing Ibrahim ibn Sima instead.


The following year, Abi'l-Saj joined the [[Saffarid]] amir [[Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar|Ya'qub bin Layth]], who had led his army into Khuzistan during his advance into [[Iraq]] against the caliph. He was present during the [[Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul]], which ended in a Saffarid defeat, and reportedly remonstrated Ya'qub after the battle for his bad tactics. Following the defeat, the caliphal regent [[al-Muwaffaq]] seized his properties in [[Iraq]]. In 879, Ya'qub died after of ''[[colic]]'' disease, and was succeeded by his younger brother [[Amr ibn al-Layth]], who made peace with the [[Abbasid Caliphate]].
The following year, Abu'l-Saj joined the [[Saffarid]] amir [[Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar|Ya'qub bin Layth]], who had led his army into Khuzistan during his advance into [[Iraq]] against the caliph. He was present during the [[Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul]], which ended in a Saffarid defeat, and reportedly remonstrated Ya'qub after the battle for his bad tactics. Following the defeat, the caliphal regent [[al-Muwaffaq]] seized his properties in [[Iraq]]. In 879, Ya'qub died after of ''[[colic]]'' disease, and was succeeded by his younger brother [[Amr ibn al-Layth]], who made peace with the [[Abbasid Caliphate]].


After having made peace with the caliph, Abi'l-Saj left Fars for [[Baghdad]], but died at [[Gundeshapur]] in November-December before he managed to reach Baghdad. His two sons, [[Muhammad Ibn Abi'l-Saj|Muhammad]] and [[Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj|Yusuf]], would both go on to have distinguished careers, becoming the first and third, respectively, Sajid governors of Azerbaijan.
After having made peace with the caliph, Abu'l-Saj left Fars for [[Baghdad]], but died at [[Gundeshapur]] in November–December before he managed to reach Baghdad. His two sons, [[Muhammad Ibn Abi'l-Saj|Muhammad]] and [[Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj|Yusuf]], would both go on to have distinguished careers, becoming the first and third, respectively, Sajid governors of Azerbaijan.


==References==
==References==
Line 14: Line 56:


==Sources==
==Sources==
* {{cite encyclopedia | title= Abū al-Sāj | first1 = Abolfazl | last1 = Khatibi | first2 = Tr. Daryoush Mohammad | last2 = Poor | authorlink = | encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume III | publisher = BRILL | location = Leiden and New York | year = 1986 | isbn = 90-04-09419-9 | pages = | url = http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/abu-al-saj-SIM_0207}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title= Abū al-Sāj | first1 = Abolfazl | last1 = Khatibi | first2 = Daryoush Mohammad | last2 = Poor | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Islamica | publisher = BRILL | url = http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/abu-al-saj-SIM_0207}}

*Bosworth, C.E. ''The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3)''. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994.
*Bosworth, C.E. ''The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3)''. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994.

*Madelung, Wilfred. "[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/banu-saj-more-correctly-al-abil-saj-a-family-named-after-its-ancestor-abul-saj-which-served-the-abbasid-caliphate- Banu Saj]." ''Encyclopaedia Iranica.'' Ed. Ehsan Yarshater. Columbia University. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
*Madelung, Wilfred. "[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/banu-saj-more-correctly-al-abil-saj-a-family-named-after-its-ancestor-abul-saj-which-served-the-abbasid-caliphate- Banu Saj]." ''Encyclopaedia Iranica.'' Ed. Ehsan Yarshater. Columbia University. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
* {{Cambridge History of Iran | volume = 4 | last = Madelung | first = W. | authorlink = Wilferd Madelung | chapter = The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran | pages = 198–249 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&pg=PA198}}


==Further reading==
*Madelung, Wilferd. "Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran." ''The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: The Period From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs.'' Ed. R. N. Frye. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
* {{EI3|last=Bosworth|first=C. Edmund|title=Abū l-Sāj|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/abu-l-saj-COM_22653?s.num=11&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=azerbaijan|year=2009}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Devdad, Abil-Saj}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Devdad, Abul-Saj}}
[[Category:9th-century births]]
[[Category:9th-century births]]
[[Category:879 deaths]]
[[Category:879 deaths]]
[[Category:Abbasid generals]]
[[Category:Generals of the Abbasid Caliphate]]
[[Category:9th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:9th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:Saffarid generals]]
[[Category:Saffarid generals]]
[[Category:Sajid dynasty]]
[[Category:People under the Sajid dynasty]]
[[Category:Sogdians]]
[[Category:Sogdian monarchs]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Buddhism]]
[[Category:Abbasid governors of Arminiya]]
[[Category:Iranian Buddhists]]
[[Category:9th-century governors]]

Latest revision as of 09:15, 16 December 2024

Abu'l-Saj Devdad
أبو الساج ديوداد
Abbasid Governor of Ahvaz
In office
875–876
Monarchal-Mu'tamid
Succeeded byIbrahim ibn Sima
Personal details
BornAbbasid Caliphate
Died879
ChildrenMuhammad,
Yusuf
ParentDevdad
RelativesAbd al-Rahman ibn Muflih (son in-law)
Military career
AllegianceAbbasid Caliphate
Service / branchAbbasid Army
RankCommander
Battles / warsFifth Fitna

Abu'l-Sāj Dēvdād (in Arabic: أبو الساج ديوداد Abū al-Sāj Dīwdād) (died 879) was a Sogdian prince, who was of the most prominent emirs, commanders and officials of the Abbasid Caliphate. He was the eponymous ancestor of the Sajid dynasty of Azerbaijan. His father was named Devdasht.

Biography

[edit]

Abu'l-Saj belonged to Sogdian family from Jankakath and Suydak, which were two villages that were very close to each other, and were the dependencies of Ushrusana. He entered into the service of the Abbasids and fought under the Afshin during the latter's final campaign against the rebel Babak Khorramdin in 837 AD. He also fought against the Karenid rebel Mazyar in 839, and one year later against Mankjur al-Farghani, the lieutenant and cousin of Afshin. Over the next several decades he served the caliphs in various provinces.[1] In 865 he sided with the caliph al-Musta'in during the civil war of that year, and was put in charge of the defense of al-Mada'in.[2]

In 875, Abu'l-Saj was appointed as the governor of Ahvaz by the caliph and was given a task to assignment to suppress the rebellion of 'Ali ibn Muhammad, who had assembled and encouraged a group of Zanji slaves to rebel. Abu'l-Saj, while he was on his way to Ahvaz, sent his son-in-law, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Muflih, to Fars in order to subdue the military adventurer Muhammad ibn Wasil. However, when Abu'l-Saj was in Dulab (a village near Ahvaz), news reached to him about the defeat and death of 'Abd al-Rahman, which made him go to 'Askar Mukram instead. The Zanjis used this as an opportunity to attack Ahvaz, where they subjected the city into pillaging and killing. This made the caliph dismiss Abu'l-Saj from his post by appointing Ibrahim ibn Sima instead.

The following year, Abu'l-Saj joined the Saffarid amir Ya'qub bin Layth, who had led his army into Khuzistan during his advance into Iraq against the caliph. He was present during the Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul, which ended in a Saffarid defeat, and reportedly remonstrated Ya'qub after the battle for his bad tactics. Following the defeat, the caliphal regent al-Muwaffaq seized his properties in Iraq. In 879, Ya'qub died after of colic disease, and was succeeded by his younger brother Amr ibn al-Layth, who made peace with the Abbasid Caliphate.

After having made peace with the caliph, Abu'l-Saj left Fars for Baghdad, but died at Gundeshapur in November–December before he managed to reach Baghdad. His two sons, Muhammad and Yusuf, would both go on to have distinguished careers, becoming the first and third, respectively, Sajid governors of Azerbaijan.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Madelung, "Dynasties," 228
  2. ^ Madelung, "Banu Saj"

Sources

[edit]
  • Khatibi, Abolfazl; Poor, Daryoush Mohammad. "Abū al-Sāj". Encyclopedia Islamica. BRILL.
  • Bosworth, C.E. The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz (247/861 to 949/1542-3). Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1994.
  • Madelung, Wilfred. "Banu Saj." Encyclopaedia Iranica. Ed. Ehsan Yarshater. Columbia University. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  • Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, Richard N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.

Further reading

[edit]