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{{Short description|Fighter pilot and Miklós Horthy's eldest son}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2011}}
{{Hungarian name|nagybányai Horthy István}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix= [[Vitéz]]
| honorific-prefix = [[Vitéz]]
| name= István Horthy
| name = István Horthy
| honorific-suffix= de Nagybánya
| honorific-suffix = de Nagybánya
| image = Horthy István MFI.jpg
| image = Horthy István MFI.jpg
| office = Deputy [[Regent of Hungary]]
| alt =
| term_start1 = 19 February 1942
| caption = Horthy in 1942
| office = [[Regent of Hungary|Vice-Regent of Hungary]]
⚫
| term_end1 = 20 August 1942
| term_start1 = 19 February 1942
⚫
| monarch1 = ''vacant''
⚫
| term_end1 = 20 August 1942
| leader1 = [[Miklós Horthy]]<br />{{small|as Regent}}
⚫
| monarch1 = ''Vacant''
⚫
| predecessor1 = ''position established''
| 1blankname1 = Regent
⚫
| successor1 = ''position vacant''
| alt =
| 1namedata1 = [[Miklós Horthy]]
⚫
| predecessor1 = ''Office established''
| caption =
⚫
| successor1 = ''Office abolished''
| birth_name = István Horthy de Nagybánya
| birth_name = István Horthy de Nagybánya
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|12|09|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|12|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = Pola, [[Austria-Hungary]] (today [[Pula]], [[Croatia]])
| birth_place = [[Pula|Pola]], [[Austria-Hungary]] (now [[Croatia]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1942|8|20|1904|9|12|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1942|8|20|1904|12|9|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast|Alexeyevsky District]], [[Russian SFSR]]
| death_place = [[Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast|Alexeyevsky District]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union|USSR]] (now [[Russia]])
| nationality =
| nationality = Hungarian
| other_names =
| known_for =
| other_names =
| occupation =
| known_for =
| party = Independent
| occupation =
| party = Independent
| spouse = [[Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai]]
| children = [[Sharif Horthy]]
}}
}}

'''István Horthy de Nagybánya''' (9 December 1904 – 20 August 1942) was [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungarian]] [[Regent]] Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]]'s eldest son, a politician, and, during World War II, a fighter pilot.
'''István Horthy de Nagybánya''' (9 December 1904 – 20 August 1942) was a Hungarian politician and fighter pilot during [[World War II]]. He was briefly Vice-Regent of Hungary in 1942, and was the eldest son of [[Regent of Hungary|Hungarian regent]] [[Miklós Horthy]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
In his youth, István Horthy and his younger brother [[Miklós Horthy, Jr.|Miklós Jr.]] were active members of a Catholic Scout troop of the Hungarian Scout Association (''[[Magyar Cserkészszövetség]]''), although he was a Protestant.<ref>John S. Wilson: Scouting Round the World, first edition, London, Blandford Press, 1959, 81.</ref>
In his youth, István Horthy and his younger brother [[Miklós Horthy Jr.|Miklós Jr.]] were active members of a Catholic Scout troop of the [[Magyar Cserkészszövetség]] (''Hungarian Scout Association''), even though he was a Protestant.<ref>John S. Wilson: Scouting Round the World, first edition, London, Blandford Press, 1959, 81.</ref>
Horthy graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1928. He went to the United States for one year and worked in the [[Ford Motors|Ford]] factory in [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]].
Horthy graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1928. He went to the United States for one year and worked in the [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] factory in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]].


Returning to the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]], he worked in [[MÁVAG]]'s locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the [[Locomotive 424]]. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess [[Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai]]. He strenuously confronted [[Nazism]], and often made his criticism public. In January 1942, he has been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "Jewish Question" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from [[Kiev]]: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30 000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"<ref>Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.</ref>
Returning to the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]], he worked in [[MÁVAG]]'s locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the [[MÁV Class 424|Class 424]]. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess [[Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai]].


István was pro-[[Western world|Western]], and he strenuously confronted [[Nazism]], often making his criticism public, despite Hungary being a part of the [[Axis powers|Axis]]. In January 1942, he had been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "[[Jewish question]]" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from [[Kyiv]], [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Ukraine]]: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30,000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"<ref>Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.</ref>
⚫
István Horthy died in Russia, shortly after his arrival,<ref>''Time Magazine'', Monday, 31 August 1941, [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850013,00.html Milestones]</ref> in a much publicized flying accident. He was then serving in [[Hungarian Air Force|Royal Hungarian Air Force]] (''Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő''), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the [[Hungarian Second Army]] against Soviet forces. He was flying his [[MÁVAG Héja]] ("Hawk"), ''V.421'', a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian [[Reggiane Re.2000]]. During his 25th operational sortie, soon after [[takeoff]] from an air field near [[Ilovka, Belgorod Oblast|Ilovskoye]], the other pilot, flying with him, asked Horthy to increase height. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (that had become much more prone to [[stall (flight)|stall]]s, after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Reggianes, to protect pilots, but so shifting the plane's [[Center of gravity of an aircraft|center of gravity]]) stalled and crashed.<ref name= "Neulen p. 127.">Neulen 2000, p. 127.</ref> It was 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors).<ref name= "Punka p. 9.">Punka 2002, p. 9.</ref>


⚫
István Horthy died in a much-publicized flying accident in Russia on 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors),<ref name="Punka p. 9.">Punka 2002, p. 9.</ref><ref>''Time Magazine'', Monday, 31 August 1941, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071117063053/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850013,00.html Milestones]</ref> He was then serving in the [[Hungarian Air Force|Royal Hungarian Air Force]] (''Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő''), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the [[Second Army (Hungary)|Hungarian Second Army]] against Soviet forces. He was flying his [[MÁVAG Héja|MÁVAG Héja I]] ("''Hawk'' I"), ''V.421'', a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian [[Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I|Reggiane Re.2000 ''Falco'' I]]. During his 25th operational [[sortie]], soon after [[takeoff]] from an airfield near [[Ilovka, Belgorod Oblast|Ilovskoye]], the other pilot flying with him asked Horthy to increase his altitude. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (which had become much more prone to [[Stall (fluid dynamics)|stall]]s after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Héja Is to protect pilots, but shifting the plane's [[Center of gravity of an aircraft|center of gravity]]) stalled and crashed.<ref name= "Neulen p. 127.">Neulen 2000, p. 127.</ref> According to other sources, his aircraft entered a [[Flat spin (aviation)|flat spin]] after he made a turn at low speed to fly in close formation with a [[Heinkel He 46|He 46]] reconnaissance aircraft. Some were convinced that the Germans had [[Sabotage|sabotaged]] his aircraft.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stenge |first=Csaba |title=Horthy István halála, 1942. augusztus 20. Hír TV Ősök Tere, 2012 |date=15 September 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfo_bDTr4AM |access-date=6 April 2023 |language=hu |last2=Olasz |first2=Lajos |last3=Maráczi |first3=Tamás}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Elfnet |title=MÁVAG Héjja – Elfnet.hu |url=http://www.elfnet.hu/haditechnika/repulok/mavaghejja.php |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=www.elfnet.hu}}</ref>
⚫
His only son, [[István Horthy, Jr.|Sharif István Horthy]], is a successful engineer.

⚫
His only son, [[István Horthy Jr.|Sharif István Horthy]], is a physicist and architect.


==Honors==
==Honors==
Postage stamp: István Horthy was honored by Hungary by issuing a commemorative postage stamp on 15 October 1942.<ref>colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179998-István_Horthy_son_of_Miklós_Horthy-People-Hungary</ref>
István Horthy was awarded the [[Order of Vitéz]]. Hungary honoured him by issuing a commemorative postage-stamp on 15 October 1942.<ref>
[colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179998-István_Horthy_son_of_Miklós_Horthy-People-Hungary Stamp: István Horthy, son of Miklós Horthy]
</ref>


==References==
==References==

;Notes
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
;Bibliography
'''Bibliography'''
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
* Neulen, Hans Werner. ''In the skies of Europe: Air Forces Allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945''. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-86126-799-1}}
* Neulen, Hans Werner. ''In the skies of Europe: Air Forces Allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945''. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-86126-799-1}}
* Punka, Gӳorge. ''Hungarian Aces of World War 2''. Osprey Publishing, Oxford, England, 2002. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-436-8}}.
* Punka, George. ''Hungarian Aces of World War 2''. Osprey Publishing, Oxford, England, 2002. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-436-8}}.
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}

*{{FAG}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Horthy, Istvan}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Horthy, István}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Pula]]
[[Category:People from Pula]]
[[Category:People associated with Scouting]]
[[Category:Hungarian politicians]]
[[Category:Hungarian politicians]]
[[Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents]]
[[Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents]]
[[Category:Hungarian nobility]]
[[Category:Hungarian nobility]]
[[Category:Hungarian military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Hungarian World War II pilots]]
[[Category:Hungarian World War II pilots]]
[[Category:Hungarian military personnel killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Hungarian military personnel killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Scouting and Guiding in Hungary]]
[[Category:Horthy family|Istvan I]]
[[Category:Horthy family|Istvan I]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1942]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1942]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Hungarian national conservatives]]
[[Category:Hungarian national conservatives]]
[[Category:Children of heads of state]]

Latest revision as of 09:38, 16 December 2024

The native form of this personal name is nagybányai Horthy István. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Vitéz
István Horthy
de Nagybánya
Horthy in 1942
Vice-Regent of Hungary
In office
19 February 1942 – 20 August 1942
MonarchVacant
RegentMiklós Horthy
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Personal details
Born
István Horthy de Nagybánya

(1904-12-09)9 December 1904
Pola, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)
Died20 August 1942(1942-08-20) (aged 37)
Alexeyevsky District, Russian SFSR, USSR (now Russia)
NationalityHungarian
Political partyIndependent
SpouseIlona Edelsheim-Gyulai
ChildrenSharif Horthy

István Horthy de Nagybánya (9 December 1904 – 20 August 1942) was a Hungarian politician and fighter pilot during World War II. He was briefly Vice-Regent of Hungary in 1942, and was the eldest son of Hungarian regent Miklós Horthy.

Biography

[edit]

In his youth, István Horthy and his younger brother Miklós Jr. were active members of a Catholic Scout troop of the Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Hungarian Scout Association), even though he was a Protestant.[1] Horthy graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1928. He went to the United States for one year and worked in the Ford factory in Detroit, Michigan.

Returning to the Kingdom of Hungary, he worked in MÁVAG's locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the Class 424. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai.

István was pro-Western, and he strenuously confronted Nazism, often making his criticism public, despite Hungary being a part of the Axis. In January 1942, he had been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the Eastern Front. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "Jewish question" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from Kyiv, Soviet Ukraine: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30,000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"[2]

István Horthy died in a much-publicized flying accident in Russia on 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors),[3][4] He was then serving in the Royal Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the Hungarian Second Army against Soviet forces. He was flying his MÁVAG Héja I ("Hawk I"), V.421, a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I. During his 25th operational sortie, soon after takeoff from an airfield near Ilovskoye, the other pilot flying with him asked Horthy to increase his altitude. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (which had become much more prone to stalls after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Héja Is to protect pilots, but shifting the plane's center of gravity) stalled and crashed.[5] According to other sources, his aircraft entered a flat spin after he made a turn at low speed to fly in close formation with a He 46 reconnaissance aircraft. Some were convinced that the Germans had sabotaged his aircraft.[6][7]

His only son, Sharif István Horthy, is a physicist and architect.

Honors

[edit]

István Horthy was awarded the Order of Vitéz. Hungary honoured him by issuing a commemorative postage-stamp on 15 October 1942.[8]

References

[edit]

Notes

  1. ^ John S. Wilson: Scouting Round the World, first edition, London, Blandford Press, 1959, 81.
  2. ^ Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.
  3. ^ Punka 2002, p. 9.
  4. ^ Time Magazine, Monday, 31 August 1941, Milestones
  5. ^ Neulen 2000, p. 127.
  6. ^ Stenge, Csaba; Olasz, Lajos; Maráczi, Tamás (September 15, 2012), Horthy István halála, 1942. augusztus 20. Hír TV Ősök Tere, 2012 (in Hungarian), retrieved April 6, 2023
  7. ^ Elfnet. "MÁVAG Héjja – Elfnet.hu". www.elfnet.hu. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  8. ^ [colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179998-István_Horthy_son_of_Miklós_Horthy-People-Hungary Stamp: István Horthy, son of Miklós Horthy]

Bibliography

  • Neulen, Hans Werner. In the skies of Europe: Air Forces Allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-799-1
  • Punka, George. Hungarian Aces of World War 2. Osprey Publishing, Oxford, England, 2002. ISBN 978-1-84176-436-8.
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