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{{Short description|Assyrian king (911–891 BCE)}}
[[File:Assyria in reign of Adad-nirari II.jpg|thumb|right|450px|Economic recovery in the reign of Adad-nirari II]]'''Adad-nirari II''' is generally considered to be the first King of [[Assyria]] in the [[Neo-Assyrian empire|Neo-Assyrian period]].
{{Infobox monarch|

| name = Adad-nīrārī II
⚫
Adad-nirari II's father was [[Ashur-dan II]], whom he succeeded after a minor dynastic struggle. It is probable that the accession encouraged revolts amongst Assyria's nominal vassals.
| title = {{unbulleted list

| [[King of Assyria]]
⚫
He firmly subjugated the areas previously under only nominal Assyrian vassalage, conquering and deporting troublesome [[Aramaeans|Aramean]] following a battle at the junction of the Khabur and Euphrates in 910 BCE. After subduing [[Neo-Hittite]] and [[Hurrian]] populations in the north to far-off places. Adad-nirari II then twice attacked and defeated [[Shamash-mudammiq]] of [[Babylonia]], annexing a large area of land north of the [[Diyala River]] and the towns of [[Hīt]] and [[Zanqu]] in mid [[Mesopotamia]] in the same year. He made further gains over [[Babylonia]] under [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]] later in his reign. He also campaigned to the west, subjugating the [[Aramean]] cities of [[Kadmuh]] and [[Nisibin]]. Along with vast amounts of treasure collected, he also secured the [[Khabur River|Kabur river]] region.<ref name="Healy 1991 6"/> His reign was a period of returning prosperity to the Middle East region following expansion of [[Phoenicia]]n and Aramaean trade routes, linking [[Anatolia]], [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] under the Libyan [[Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt|22nd Dynasty]], Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean.
| [[King of the Four Corners of the World]]
| [[King of the Universe]]
}}
| reign = 911–891 BCE
| predecessor = [[Ashur-dan II]] ([[Middle Assyrian Empire]])
| successor = [[Tukulti-Ninurta II]]
| father = [[Ashur-dan II]]
| mother =
| spouse = [[Babylon|Babylonian]] princess, daughter of [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chen |first1=Fei |title=Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur |date=2020 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004430921 |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3znDwAAQBAJ}}</ref>
| birth_date = 10th century BCE
| birth_place =
| death_date = 891 BCE
| death_place =
| succession = King of the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire]]
| issue = [[Tukulti-Ninurta II]]
}}
'''Adad-nīrārī II''' (also spelled Adad-nērārī, which means "Adad (the storm god) is my help") reigned from 911 BCE<ref>{{cite book|title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia|last=Bertman|first=Stephen|publisher=Oxford UP|year=2005|location=New York|page=74}}</ref> to 891 BCE. He was the first [[King of Assyria]] in the [[Neo-Assyrian empire]]. He instigated the first renewed period of major expansion following that of the [[Middle Assyrian Empire]] which had begun in 1365 BCE under [[Ashur-uballit I]] and ended after the death of [[Ashur-bel-kala]] in 1053 BCE.


==Biography==
==Biography==
⚫
[[File:Assyria in reign of Adad-nirari II.jpg|thumb|right|425px|Economic recovery in the reign of Adad-nīrārī II]]Adad-nīrārī II's father was [[Ashur-dan II]], whom he succeeded after a minor dynastic struggle. It is probable that the accession encouraged revolts amongst Assyria's nominal vassals in nearby regions of Anatolia, the Levant and Iran.
[[File:Inscribed stone tablet of Adad-nirari II from Assur, 912-891 BCE. Iraq Museum, Baghdad.jpg|thumb|left|Inscribed stone tablet of Adad-nīrārī II from Assur, Iraq Museum]]


⚫
He firmly subjugated the areas previously under only nominal Assyrian vassalage, conquering and deporting troublesome [[Aramaeans|Arameans]] following a battle at the junction of the [[Khabur (Euphrates)|Khabur]] and [[Euphrates]] rivers in 910 BC. After subduing [[Neo-Hittite]] and [[Hurrian]] populations in eastern Anatolia, Adad-nīrārī II then twice attacked and defeated [[Shamash-mudammiq]] of [[Babylonia]], annexing a large area of land north of the [[Diyala River]] and the towns of [[Hīt]] and [[Zanqu]] in mid [[Mesopotamia]] in the same year. He made further gains over [[Babylonia]] under [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]] later in his reign. He also campaigned to the west, subjugating the [[Aramean]] cities of [[Kadmuh]] and [[Nisibin]] and their territories. Along with vast amounts of treasure collected, he also secured the [[Khabur (Euphrates)|Kabur river]] region.<ref name="Healy 1991 6" /> His reign was a period of returning prosperity to the Middle East region following expansion of [[Phoenicia]]n and Aramaean trade routes, linking [[Anatolia]], [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] under the Libyan [[Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt|22nd Dynasty]], Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean.
Adad-nirari II's son was named [[Tukulti-Ninurta II]] and Tukulti continued to wage war against [[Assyria]]n enemies.<ref name="Healy 1991 6">{{cite book|last=Healy|first=Mark|title=The Ancient Assyrians|location=New York|publisher= Osprey|year=1991|page=6}}</ref>


He reigned from 911<ref>{{cite book|last=Bertman|first=Stephen|title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia|location=New York|publisher=Oxford UP|year=2005|page= 74}}</ref> to 891 BC.
Adad-nīrārī II's son was named [[Tukulti-Ninurta II]] who continued to successfully expand Assyrian territory and wage war against [[Assyria]]'s enemies.<ref name="Healy 1991 6">{{cite book|last=Healy|first=Mark|title=The Ancient Assyrians|location=New York|publisher= Osprey|year=1991|page=6}}</ref>


Because of the existence of full eponym lists from his reign down to the middle of the reign of [[Ashurbanipal]] in the 7th century BC, year one of his reign in 911 BC is perhaps the first event in ancient Near Eastern history which can be dated to an exact year, although the [[Assyrian King List]] is generally considered to be quite accurate for several centuries before Adad-nirari's reign, and scholars generally agree on a single set of dates back to [[Ashur-resh-ishi I]] in the late 12th century BC.
Because of the existence of full eponym lists from Adad-nīrārī II's reign down to the middle of the reign of [[Ashurbanipal]] in the 7th century BC, year one of his reign in 911 BC is perhaps the first event in ancient Near Eastern history which can be dated to an exact year, although the [[Assyrian King List]] is generally considered to be quite accurate for several centuries before Adad-nīrārī's reign, and scholars generally agree on a single set of dates back to [[Ashur-resh-ishi I]] in the late 12th century BC.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book |author=Albert Kirk Grayson |url=https://archive.org/details/assyrian-rulers-of-the-early-first-millennium-bc-i-1114-859-bc |title=Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC I (1114–859 BC) |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=1991}}


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{{Assyrian kings}}
{{Assyrian kings}}
{{Neo-Assyrian empire topics}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adad-Nirari Ii}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adad-Nirari Ii}}
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[[Category:10th-century BC births]]
[[Category:891 BC deaths]]
[[Category:891 BC deaths]]
[[Category:Assyrian kings]]
[[Category:10th-century BC Assyrian kings]]
[[Category:9th-century BC Assyrian kings]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:10th-century BC rulers]]
[[Category:Kings of the Universe]]
⚫
[[Category:9th-century BC rulers]]


{{MEast-royal-stub}}
{{MEast-royal-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:04, 16 December 2024

Adad-nīrārī II
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
Reign911–891 BCE
PredecessorAshur-dan II (Middle Assyrian Empire)
SuccessorTukulti-Ninurta II
Born10th century BCE
Died891 BCE
SpouseBabylonian princess, daughter of Nabu-shuma-ukin I[1]
IssueTukulti-Ninurta II
FatherAshur-dan II

Adad-nīrārī II (also spelled Adad-nērārī, which means "Adad (the storm god) is my help") reigned from 911 BCE[2] to 891 BCE. He was the first King of Assyria in the Neo-Assyrian empire. He instigated the first renewed period of major expansion following that of the Middle Assyrian Empire which had begun in 1365 BCE under Ashur-uballit I and ended after the death of Ashur-bel-kala in 1053 BCE.

Biography

[edit]
Economic recovery in the reign of Adad-nīrārī II

Adad-nīrārī II's father was Ashur-dan II, whom he succeeded after a minor dynastic struggle. It is probable that the accession encouraged revolts amongst Assyria's nominal vassals in nearby regions of Anatolia, the Levant and Iran.

Inscribed stone tablet of Adad-nīrārī II from Assur, Iraq Museum

He firmly subjugated the areas previously under only nominal Assyrian vassalage, conquering and deporting troublesome Arameans following a battle at the junction of the Khabur and Euphrates rivers in 910 BC. After subduing Neo-Hittite and Hurrian populations in eastern Anatolia, Adad-nīrārī II then twice attacked and defeated Shamash-mudammiq of Babylonia, annexing a large area of land north of the Diyala River and the towns of Hīt and Zanqu in mid Mesopotamia in the same year. He made further gains over Babylonia under Nabu-shuma-ukin I later in his reign. He also campaigned to the west, subjugating the Aramean cities of Kadmuh and Nisibin and their territories. Along with vast amounts of treasure collected, he also secured the Kabur river region.[3] His reign was a period of returning prosperity to the Middle East region following expansion of Phoenician and Aramaean trade routes, linking Anatolia, Egypt under the Libyan 22nd Dynasty, Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean.

Adad-nīrārī II's son was named Tukulti-Ninurta II who continued to successfully expand Assyrian territory and wage war against Assyria's enemies.[3]

Because of the existence of full eponym lists from Adad-nīrārī II's reign down to the middle of the reign of Ashurbanipal in the 7th century BC, year one of his reign in 911 BC is perhaps the first event in ancient Near Eastern history which can be dated to an exact year, although the Assyrian King List is generally considered to be quite accurate for several centuries before Adad-nīrārī's reign, and scholars generally agree on a single set of dates back to Ashur-resh-ishi I in the late 12th century BC.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Chen, Fei (2020). Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. Brill. p. 89. ISBN 9789004430921.
  2. ^ Bertman, Stephen (2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. New York: Oxford UP. p. 74.
  3. ^ a b Healy, Mark (1991). The Ancient Assyrians. New York: Osprey. p. 6.

Further reading

[edit]
Preceded by King of Assyria
911–891 BC 		Succeeded by
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