Miguel Díaz-Canel: Difference between revisions

Excelentísimo Señor
Miguel Díaz-Canel
Excelentísimo Señor Miguel Díaz-Canel
	Díaz-Canel in 2023
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
	Incumbent
	Assumed office ; 19 April 2021
Second Secretary	Salvador Valdés Mesa
Preceded by	Raúl Castro
17th President of Cuba
	Incumbent
	Assumed office ; 10 October 2019
Prime Minister	Manuel Marrero Cruz
Vice President	Salvador Valdés Mesa
Preceded by	Himself (as President of the Council of State) ; Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado (as President, 1976)
President of the Council of State and Ministers of Cuba
	In office; 19 April 2018 – 10 October 2019
First Vice President	Salvador Valdés Mesa
Preceded by	Raúl Castro
Succeeded by	Manuel Marrero Cruz (as Prime Minister)
19th Vice President of the Council of State and Ministers
	In office; 24 February 2013 – 19 April 2018
President	Raúl Castro
Preceded by	José Ramón Machado Ventura
Succeeded by	Salvador Valdés Mesa
Minister of Education
	In office; 8 May 2009 – 21 March 2012
President	Raúl Castro
Preceded by	Juan Vela Valdés
Succeeded by	Rodoldo Alarcón Ortíz
Personal details
Born	20 April 1960 (age 64); Placetas, Cuba
Political party	Communist Party of Cuba
Spouse	Lis Cuesta Peraza; (m. 2009)
Children	2
Alma mater	University of Las Villas
Occupation	Politician
Profession	Engineer
Signature

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 12:26, 16 December 2024

Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez^[a] (Latin American Spanish: [miˈɣel ˈdi.as kaˈnel]; born 20 April 1960) is a Cuban politician and engineer. He has served as the 8th First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba since 2021 and as the 17th President of Cuba since 2019. In his capacity as First Secretary he is the most powerful person in the Cuban government.

Díaz-Canel succeeded the brothers Fidel and Raúl Castro, becoming Cuba's first non-Castro leader since its revolution and its first non-Castro head of state since 1976. He has been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party since 2003. He served as Minister of Higher Education from 2009 until 2012, when he was promoted to Vice President of the Council of Ministers (Deputy Prime Minister). A year later, in 2013, he was elected as First Vice President of the Council of State. He succeeded Raúl Castro as the President of the Council of State in 2018; in December 2019 this office evolved into President of the Republic. On 19 April 2021, Díaz-Canel assumed the reins of the Communist Party when he replaced Raúl Castro as First Secretary, ushering in a new reign.

Early life

Díaz-Canel was born on 20 April 1960 in Placetas, Villa Clara, to Aída Bermúdez, a schoolteacher, and Miguel Limón, a mechanical plant worker in Santa Clara, Cuba.^[1]^[2] He is of direct paternal Spanish-Asturian descent; his great-grandfather Ramon Diaz-Canel left Castropol, Asturias, Spain for Havana in the late 19th century.^[3]^[4]

He graduated from Central University of Las Villas in 1982 as an electronics engineer and thereupon joined the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces.^[5] Beginning in April 1985, he taught engineering at his alma mater.^[6] In 1987, he completed an international mission in Nicaragua as First Secretary of the Young Communist League of Villa Clara.^[7]

Political career

In 1993, Díaz-Canel started work with the Communist Party of Cuba and a year later was elected First Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee of Villa Clara Province (a top position higher than a governor).^[5]^[8] He gained a reputation for competence in this post,^[8] during which time it is reported that he supported LGBT rights at a time when many in the province frowned upon homosexuality.^[9] In 2003, he was elected to the same position in Holguín Province.^[5]^[10] In the same year, he was co-opted as a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba.^[11]

Díaz-Canel was appointed Minister of Higher Education in May 2009, a position that he held until 22 March 2012, when he became Vice President of the Council of Ministers (deputy prime minister).^[5]^[12] In 2013 he additionally became First Vice President of the Council of State.^[5] As First Vice President of the Council of State, Díaz-Canel acted as deputy to the President, Raúl Castro.

Leader of Cuba (2018–present)

In 2018, the 86-year-old Castro stepped down from the position as president of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers, though he retained the most powerful position of First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba and the commander-in-chief of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces.^[13] On 18 April 2018, Díaz-Canel was selected as the only candidate to succeed Castro as president.^[8] He was confirmed by a vote of the National Assembly on 19 April^[8] and sworn in on the same day.^[14] He is the first president born after the 1959 Cuban Revolution and the first since 1976 not to be a member of the Castro family.^[9]

He received a visit from Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro just two days after his inauguration. He met with Maduro again in May 2018 in Caracas, during his first official foreign visit as head of state. In his first multinational political trip since becoming president, Díaz-Canel traveled in November 2018 to visit all of Cuba's Eurasian allies. Diplomatic meetings were held in Russia, North Korea, China, Vietnam, and Laos. Brief stopovers in the United Kingdom and France also included meetings with British parliamentarians and French leaders. In March 2019, Díaz-Canel and his wife hosted Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall in Havana as the first British royals to visit the island.^[15]

In October 2019, Diaz-Canel became the President of the Republic of Cuba, an office that was recreated that February after a series of constitutional reforms were approved in a constitutional referendum.^[16] This office replaced the one he had held since April of the previous year, which was the President of the Council of State, which was previously the head of state of Cuba. The position of President of the Council of State became a less important position and is now carried out by Esteban Lazo Hernández in his authority as the President of the National Assembly of People's Power. Diaz-Canel's reforms among other things, limited the presidency to two consecutive five-year terms and banned discrimination based on gender, gender identity or sexual orientation.^[17]^[18]^[19] His government also reformed the country's Family Code in 2022, after a referendum was approved, which, among other things, legalised same-sex marriage, same-sex adoption and altruistic surrogacy. These policies have been described as the "most progressive" in Latin America.^[20]

His administration has suppressed dissent, particularly surrounding the 2021 Cuban protests triggered by the worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic, suggested combatting the country's food crisis with pizza, guarapo and lemonade,^[21]^[22] and changed the currency system.^[23] During the protests, he said: "The order of combat has been given - into the streets, revolutionaries!"^[24]

On 19 April 2021, he officially became the First Secretary of the Communist Party following the resignation of Raúl Castro. This made him the leader of Cuba in fact as well as in name. BBC News stated that Díaz-Canel is loyal to the Castros' ideologies.^[25]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Cuban government blamed the United States for the crisis in Ukraine and backed Russia's right to self-defense against NATO expansion, but did not endorse the invasion, saying the conflict should be resolved diplomatically.^[26] Díaz-Canel visited Vladimir Putin in Moscow in November 2022, and the two leaders criticized Western sanctions against Cuba and Russia. They also opened a monument to Fidel Castro in one of the Moscow's districts.^[27]

On 19 April 2023, Díaz-Canel was re-elected by the National Assembly for a second five-year term as president, along with Salvador Valdés as vice president. Despite the difficult economic conditions facing the country, his re-election was widely expected and received widespread support from the Assembly members, with 97.66% backing Diaz-Canel's proposal and 93.4% supporting Valdés. The president was praised by the Assembly members for his leadership in difficult circumstances and for prioritizing collective work, innovation, and science.^[28]^[29]

In December 2023, Díaz-Canel condemned the genocide of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and called Israel a terrorist state.^[30] He joined a pro-Palestinian demonstration in Havana.^[31] On 15 October 2024, he led a pro-Palestinian demonstration in Havana.^[32]

Awards

Angola
- Dr. António Agostinho Neto Order (2019)^[33]
Venezuela:
- Collar of the Order of the Liberator (2018)^[34]
Vietnam:
- Order of Ho Chi Minh (2018)^[35]
Mexico:
- Collar of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (2023)^[36]
Portugal:
- Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (2023)^[37]

Personal life

Díaz-Canel has two children from his marriage to his first wife, Marta Villanueva, which ended in divorce. He currently resides with his second wife, Lis Cuesta Peraza.^[38]

On 23 March 2021, Díaz-Canel obtained a PhD in technical sciences, defending a thesis titled "Government Management System Based on Science and Innovation for Sustainable Development in Cuba."^[39]

Notes

^ In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Díaz–Canel and the second or maternal family name is Bermúdez.

References

^ "Díaz-Canel no es un relevo histórico". Martinoticias. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 1 March 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
^ Ahmed, Azam; Robles, Frances (19 April 2018). "Who Is Miguel Díaz-Canel, Cuba's New President?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
^ "El pasado asturiano del nuevo presidente de Cuba". 19 April 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
^ "Díaz-Canel, otro presidente de un país americano descendiente de emigrantes". La voz de Galicia. 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Damien Cave, Raúl Castro Says His Current Term as President of Cuba Will Be His Last Archived 16 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 24 February 2013
^ "Cuban president highlights Fidel Castro's thoughts about education". www.radiohc.cu. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
^ Al Jazeera Staff. "Miguel Diaz-Canel: Cuba's post-Castro president". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Miguel Díaz-Canel: Cuba selects first non-Castro president since Fidel". The Guardian. Associated Press. 19 April 2018. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b Augustin, Ed (18 April 2018). "After six decades of Castro rule, Cubans greet end of era with a shrug". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
^ "En sustitución de Juan Vela es designado Miguel Díaz Canel ministro de Educación Superior". cubaheadlines.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
^ Ryan Villarreal (26 February 2013). "Sustaining The System: Cuba's New VP Diaz-Canel Marks Ascent Of Younger Generation". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
^ "Nota oficial". Diario Granma. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
^ "Raul Castro to lead Cuba's Communist Party until 2021". FRANCE 24. 19 April 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018. 'I confirm to this assembly that Raul Castro, as First Secretary of the Communist Party, will lead the decisions about the future of the country,' Diaz-Canel said.
^ "Cuba's Raúl Castro hands over power to Miguel Díaz-Canel". BBC News. 19 April 2018. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
^ "Charles and Camilla make history in Cuba". www.bbc.com. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
^ Cuba’s Reformed Constitution, a Democratic and Participatory Process Archived 9 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine Havana Times, 23 July 2018
^ Marc Frank (21 February 2019). "Explainer: What is old and new in Cuba's proposed constitution". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
^ "Cuba expands rights but rejects radical change in updated constitution". UPI. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
^ Mega, Emiliano Rodríguez (8 March 2019). "Cuba acknowledges climate change threats in its constitution". Nature. 567 (7747): 155. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00760-3. PMID 30862928.
^ "Cuba approves same-sex marriage in historic turnabout". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
^ "Miguel Díaz-Canel: "La limonada es la base de todo"" (in Spanish). Noticias Cubanet. 26 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
^ Pentón, Mario J. (26 May 2020). "Limonada y guarapo, las nuevas propuestas del gobernante Díaz-Canel para la escasez en Cuba". El Nuevo Herald. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
^ "Day Zero: how and why Cuba unified its dual currency system | LSE Latin America and Caribbean". LSE Latin America and Caribbean blog. 10 February 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
^ Público (12 July 2021). "El presidente de Cuba: "La orden de combate está dada, a la calle los revolucionarios"". Público (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
^ "Cuba leadership: Díaz-Canel named Communist Party chief". www.bbc.co.uk. 19 April 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
^ Gámez Torres, Nora (23 February 2022). "Cuba blames U.S. for the crisis in Ukraine, but stops short of endorsing Putin's invasion". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
^ "Russian, Cuban presidents meet in Moscow, decry 'unfair' sanctions". Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
^ "Reelecto Miguel Díaz-Canel presidente de la República de Cuba - Prensa Latina" (in Spanish). 19 April 2023. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
^ Oppmann, Patrick (19 April 2023). "Cuba's President Miguel Diaz-Canel wins a second term". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
^ "Cuba condemns 'genocide' committed by 'terrorist state of Israel'". Anadolu Agency. 27 December 2023.
^ "Thousands led by Cuba's president march in Havana in solidarity with Palestinian people". Associated Press. 24 November 2023.
^ "Cuban president leads pro-Palestinian march in Havana". France 24. 15 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
^ "Cuba. Condecoran a Raúl Castro y Díaz-Canel con la orden Agostinho Neto" [Cuba. Raúl Castro and Díaz-Canel are awarded the Agostinho Neto order] (in Spanish). Resúmen Latinoamericano. 2 July 2019. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ Cuban President Diaz Canel awarded Libertadores Order in Venezuela. Archived 17 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine Radio Artemisa. Published: Thursday, 31 May 2018 10:45
^ "Vietnam condecora a Miguel Díaz-Canel con la Orden de Ho Chi Minh" [Vietnam honors Miguel Díaz-Canel with the Order of Ho Chi Minh] (in Spanish). Cuba Debate. 9 November 2018. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ "Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez on Twitter: "Un altísimo honor recibir la Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca, condecoración que simboliza el origen, la identidad y la fortaleza de esta entrañable nación. La recibo con humildad e infinito agradecimiento, consciente de que el auténtico merecedor es el heroico pueblo cubano". 12 February 2023. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
^ "Fruitful meeting between presidents of Cuba and Portugal". Presna Latina. 14 July 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ "Quién es Miguel Díaz-Canel, el sucesor de Fidel y Raúl Castro". 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
^ ""Totalmente espectacular" tesis de Díaz- Canel | Cuba Noticias 360". 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2021.

External links

Official web-site of the President's Administration (in Spanish)
Official Twitter account
Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
First speech as President of the Council of State on YouTube

Party political offices
Preceded by Raúl Castro	8th First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba 2021–present	Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Himself (as President of the Council of State and Ministers)	17th President of Cuba 2019–present	Incumbent
Vacant Title last held by Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado (1976)	17th President of Cuba 2019–present	Incumbent
Preceded by Raúl Castro	President of the Council of State and Ministers of Cuba 2018–2019	Succeeded by Himself (as President) Manuel Marrero Cruz (as Prime Minister)
Preceded by José Ramón Machado Ventura	19th Vice President of the Council of State and Ministers of Cuba 2013–2018	Succeeded by Salvador Valdés Mesa

[1] In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Díaz–Canel and the second or maternal family name is Bermúdez.

[marti-2] "Díaz-Canel no es un relevo histórico". Martinoticias. 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 1 March 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2016.

[3] Ahmed, Azam; Robles, Frances (19 April 2018). "Who Is Miguel Díaz-Canel, Cuba's New President?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.

[4] "El pasado asturiano del nuevo presidente de Cuba". 19 April 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2024.

[5] "Díaz-Canel, otro presidente de un país americano descendiente de emigrantes". La voz de Galicia. 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2024.

[nytimes-6] Damien Cave, Raúl Castro Says His Current Term as President of Cuba Will Be His Last Archived 16 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 24 February 2013

[7] "Cuban president highlights Fidel Castro's thoughts about education". www.radiohc.cu. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

[8] Al Jazeera Staff. "Miguel Diaz-Canel: Cuba's post-Castro president". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

[guardian_pres_select-9] "Miguel Díaz-Canel: Cuba selects first non-Castro president since Fidel". The Guardian. Associated Press. 19 April 2018. Archived from the original on 5 January 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

[guardian_obscurity-10] Augustin, Ed (18 April 2018). "After six decades of Castro rule, Cubans greet end of era with a shrug". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

[11] "En sustitución de Juan Vela es designado Miguel Díaz Canel ministro de Educación Superior". cubaheadlines.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.

[12] Ryan Villarreal (26 February 2013). "Sustaining The System: Cuba's New VP Diaz-Canel Marks Ascent Of Younger Generation". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

[13] "Nota oficial". Diario Granma. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2019.

[14] "Raul Castro to lead Cuba's Communist Party until 2021". FRANCE 24. 19 April 2018. Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018. 'I confirm to this assembly that Raul Castro, as First Secretary of the Communist Party, will lead the decisions about the future of the country,' Diaz-Canel said.

[15] "Cuba's Raúl Castro hands over power to Miguel Díaz-Canel". BBC News. 19 April 2018. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.

[16] "Charles and Camilla make history in Cuba". www.bbc.com. 25 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.

[17] Cuba’s Reformed Constitution, a Democratic and Participatory Process Archived 9 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine Havana Times, 23 July 2018

[18] Marc Frank (21 February 2019). "Explainer: What is old and new in Cuba's proposed constitution". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

[19] "Cuba expands rights but rejects radical change in updated constitution". UPI. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.

[20] Mega, Emiliano Rodríguez (8 March 2019). "Cuba acknowledges climate change threats in its constitution". Nature. 567 (7747): 155. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00760-3. PMID 30862928.

[21] "Cuba approves same-sex marriage in historic turnabout". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2022.

[22] "Miguel Díaz-Canel: "La limonada es la base de todo"" (in Spanish). Noticias Cubanet. 26 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.

[23] Pentón, Mario J. (26 May 2020). "Limonada y guarapo, las nuevas propuestas del gobernante Díaz-Canel para la escasez en Cuba". El Nuevo Herald. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

[24] "Day Zero: how and why Cuba unified its dual currency system | LSE Latin America and Caribbean". LSE Latin America and Caribbean blog. 10 February 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.

[25] Público (12 July 2021). "El presidente de Cuba: "La orden de combate está dada, a la calle los revolucionarios"". Público (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2022.

[26] "Cuba leadership: Díaz-Canel named Communist Party chief". www.bbc.co.uk. 19 April 2021. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2021.

[27] Gámez Torres, Nora (23 February 2022). "Cuba blames U.S. for the crisis in Ukraine, but stops short of endorsing Putin's invasion". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

[28] "Russian, Cuban presidents meet in Moscow, decry 'unfair' sanctions". Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.

[29] "Reelecto Miguel Díaz-Canel presidente de la República de Cuba - Prensa Latina" (in Spanish). 19 April 2023. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.

[30] Oppmann, Patrick (19 April 2023). "Cuba's President Miguel Diaz-Canel wins a second term". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2023.

[31] "Cuba condemns 'genocide' committed by 'terrorist state of Israel'". Anadolu Agency. 27 December 2023.

[32] "Thousands led by Cuba's president march in Havana in solidarity with Palestinian people". Associated Press. 24 November 2023.

[33] "Cuban president leads pro-Palestinian march in Havana". France 24. 15 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.

[34] "Cuba. Condecoran a Raúl Castro y Díaz-Canel con la orden Agostinho Neto" [Cuba. Raúl Castro and Díaz-Canel are awarded the Agostinho Neto order] (in Spanish). Resúmen Latinoamericano. 2 July 2019. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2021.

[35] Cuban President Diaz Canel awarded Libertadores Order in Venezuela. Archived 17 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine Radio Artemisa. Published: Thursday, 31 May 2018 10:45

[36] "Vietnam condecora a Miguel Díaz-Canel con la Orden de Ho Chi Minh" [Vietnam honors Miguel Díaz-Canel with the Order of Ho Chi Minh] (in Spanish). Cuba Debate. 9 November 2018. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.

[37] "Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez on Twitter: "Un altísimo honor recibir la Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca, condecoración que simboliza el origen, la identidad y la fortaleza de esta entrañable nación. La recibo con humildad e infinito agradecimiento, consciente de que el auténtico merecedor es el heroico pueblo cubano". 12 February 2023. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.

[38] "Fruitful meeting between presidents of Cuba and Portugal". Presna Latina. 14 July 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.

[diariopopular.com.ar-39] "Quién es Miguel Díaz-Canel, el sucesor de Fidel y Raúl Castro". 25 February 2013. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2015.

[40] ""Totalmente espectacular" tesis de Díaz- Canel | Cuba Noticias 360". 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2021.

[a]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|Leader of Cuba since 2021}}
+{{Short description|Cuban president}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
-{{Family name hatnote|Díaz–Canel|Bermúdez|lang=Spanish}}
 {{Infobox officeholder
-| honorific_prefix    = [[Excellency|His Excellency]]
+| honorific_prefix    = [[His Excellency|Excelentísimo Señor]]
 | name                = Miguel Díaz-Canel
 | image               = 24.01.2023 - Encontro com o Presidente da República de Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel - 52647526820 (cropped).jpg
 | caption             = Díaz-Canel in 2023
-| office              = 8th [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba]]
+| office              =
+[[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba]]
 | 1blankname          = {{nowrap|Second Secretary}}
 | 1namedata           = [[Salvador Valdés Mesa]]
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 | term_end            =
 | predecessor         = [[Raúl Castro]]
 | successor           =
-| office1             = 17th [[President of Cuba]]
+| order1              = 17th
+| office1             = President of Cuba
 | primeminister1      = [[Manuel Marrero Cruz]]
 | vicepresident1      = Salvador Valdés Mesa
 | term_start1         = 10 October 2019
 | term_end1           =
-| predecessor1        = ''Himself'' (as President of the Council of State)<br />[[Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado]] (as President, 1976)
+| predecessor1        = ''Himself'' (as President of the Council of State) <br/>[[Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado]] (as President, 1976)
 | sucessor1           =
 | office2             = President of the [[Council of State (Cuba)|Council of State]] and [[Council of Ministers (Cuba)|Ministers of Cuba]]
@@ Line 27: / Line 28: @@
 | term_end2           = 10 October 2019
 | predecessor2        = Raúl Castro
-| successor2          = ''Himself'' (as President)<br/>Manuel Marrero Cruz (as [[Prime Minister of Cuba|Prime Minister]])
+| successor2          = Manuel Marrero Cruz (as [[Prime Minister of Cuba|Prime Minister]])
-| office3             = 19th [[Vice President of Cuba|Vice President of the Council of State and Ministers]]
+| order3              = 19th
+| office3             = Vice President of Cuba{{!}}Vice President of the Council of State and Ministers
 | president3          = Raúl Castro
 | term_start3         = 24 February 2013
@@ Line 45: / Line 47: @@
 | death_place         =
 | party               = [[Communist Party of Cuba]]
-| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Lis Cuesta Peraza]]|2009}}
+| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Lis Cuesta Peraza]]<br />|2009}}
 | children            = 2
 | alma_mater          = [[University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas|University of Las Villas]]
@@ Line 52: / Line 54: @@
 | signature           = Miguel Díaz-Canel signature.svg
 }}
-'''Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez''' ({{IPA|es-419|miˈɣel ˈdi.as kaˈnel|lang}}; born 20 April 1960) is a Cuban politician and engineer. He has served as the 8th [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba|First Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of Cuba]] since 2021 and as the 17th [[President of Cuba]] since 2019. In his capacity as First Secretary he is the most powerful person in the Cuban government.
+'''Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez'''{{Family name footnote|Díaz–Canel|Bermúdez|lang=Spanish}} ({{IPA|es-419|miˈɣel ˈdi.as kaˈnel|lang}}; born 20 April 1960) is a Cuban politician and engineer. He has served as the 8th [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba|First Secretary]] of the [[Communist Party of Cuba]] since 2021 and as the 17th [[President of Cuba]] since 2019. In his capacity as First Secretary he is the most powerful person in the Cuban government.
-Díaz-Canel succeeded the brothers [[Fidel Castro|Fidel]] and [[Raúl Castro]], becoming Cuba's first non-Castro leader since its [[Cuban Revolution|revolution]] and its first non-Castro head of state since 1976. He has been a member of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba|Politburo of the Communist Party]] since 2003. He served as Minister of Higher Education from 2009 until 2012, when he was promoted to Vice President of the Council of Ministers (Deputy Prime Minister). A year later, in 2013, he was elected as [[Vice President of Cuba|First Vice President]] of the [[Council of State (Cuba)|Council of State]]. He succeeded Raúl Castro as the President of the Council of State in 2018; in December 2019 this office evolved into [[President of Cuba|President of the Republic]]. On 19 April 2021, Díaz-Canel assumed the reins of the Communist Party when he replaced Raúl Castro as First Secretary.
+Díaz-Canel succeeded the brothers [[Fidel Castro|Fidel]] and [[Raúl Castro]], becoming Cuba's first non-Castro leader since its [[Cuban Revolution|revolution]] and its first non-Castro head of state since 1976. He has been a member of the [[Politburo of the Communist Party of Cuba|Politburo of the Communist Party]] since 2003. He served as Minister of Higher Education from 2009 until 2012, when he was promoted to Vice President of the Council of Ministers (Deputy Prime Minister). A year later, in 2013, he was elected as [[Vice President of Cuba|First Vice President]] of the [[Council of State (Cuba)|Council of State]]. He succeeded Raúl Castro as the President of the Council of State in 2018; in December 2019 this office evolved into [[President of Cuba|President of the Republic]]. On 19 April 2021, Díaz-Canel assumed the reins of the Communist Party when he replaced Raúl Castro as First Secretary, ushering in a new reign.
 ==Early life==
-Díaz-Canel was born on 20 April 1960 in [[Placetas]], [[Villa Clara province|Villa Clara]], to Aída Bermúdez, a schoolteacher, and Miguel Limón, a [[mechanical plant]] worker in [[Santa Clara, Cuba]].<ref name=marti>{{cite news|title=Díaz-Canel no es un relevo histórico|url=http://www.martinoticias.com/content/article/19844.html|access-date=10 January 2016|agency=Martinoticias|date=25 February 2013|archive-date=1 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301014406/http://www.martinoticias.com/content/article/19844.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/world/americas/miguel-diaz-canel-bermudez-cuba.html|title=Who Is Miguel Díaz-Canel, Cuba's New President?|last1=Ahmed|first1=Azam|last2=Robles|first2=Frances|date=19 April 2018|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-date=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419231310/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/world/americas/miguel-diaz-canel-bermudez-cuba.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is of direct paternal Spanish-[[Asturians|Asturian]] descent; his great-grandfather Ramon Diaz-Canel left [[Castropol, Asturias]], Spain for Havana in the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lavozdeasturias.es/noticia/actualidad/2021/04/19/pasado-asturiano-nuevo-presidente-cuba/00031618851778438173466.htm|title= El pasado asturiano del nuevo presidente de Cuba |date=19 April 2021|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/amarina/2018/04/22/diaz-canel-presidente-pais-americano-descendiente-emigrantes/0003_201804X22C5994.htm|title= Díaz-Canel, otro presidente de un país americano descendiente de emigrantes|date=2018|website=La voz de Galicia|accessdate=22 July 2024}}</ref>
+Díaz-Canel was born on 20 April 1960 in [[Placetas]], [[Villa Clara province|Villa Clara]], to Aída Bermúdez, a schoolteacher, and Miguel Limón, a [[mechanical plant]] worker in [[Santa Clara, Cuba]].<ref name=marti>{{cite news|title=Díaz-Canel no es un relevo histórico|url=http://www.martinoticias.com/content/article/19844.html|access-date=10 January 2016|agency=Martinoticias|date=25 February 2013|archive-date=1 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301014406/http://www.martinoticias.com/content/article/19844.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/world/americas/miguel-diaz-canel-bermudez-cuba.html|title=Who Is Miguel Díaz-Canel, Cuba's New President?|last1=Ahmed|first1=Azam|last2=Robles|first2=Frances|date=19 April 2018|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-date=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419231310/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/world/americas/miguel-diaz-canel-bermudez-cuba.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is of direct paternal Spanish-[[Asturians|Asturian]] descent; his great-grandfather Ramon Diaz-Canel left [[Castropol, Asturias]], Spain for Havana in the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lavozdeasturias.es/noticia/actualidad/2021/04/19/pasado-asturiano-nuevo-presidente-cuba/00031618851778438173466.htm|title= El pasado asturiano del nuevo presidente de Cuba |date=19 April 2021|access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/amarina/2018/04/22/diaz-canel-presidente-pais-americano-descendiente-emigrantes/0003_201804X22C5994.htm|title= Díaz-Canel, otro presidente de un país americano descendiente de emigrantes|date=2018|website=La voz de Galicia|access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref>
 He graduated from [[University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas|Central University of Las Villas]] in 1982 as an [[electronics engineer]] and thereupon joined the [[Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces]].<ref name="nytimes">Damien Cave, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/25/world/americas/raul-castro-to-step-down-as-cubas-president-in-2018.html Raúl Castro Says His Current Term as President of Cuba Will Be His Last] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216031001/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/25/world/americas/raul-castro-to-step-down-as-cubas-president-in-2018.html |date=16 December 2020 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 24 February 2013</ref> Beginning in April&nbsp;1985, he taught engineering at his alma mater.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cuban president highlights Fidel Castro's thoughts about education|url=https://www.radiohc.cu/en/noticias/nacionales/199245-cuban-president-highlights-fidel-castros-thoughts-about-education|access-date=2021-04-19|website=www.radiohc.cu|language=en|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714173325/https://www.radiohc.cu/en/noticias/nacionales/199245-cuban-president-highlights-fidel-castros-thoughts-about-education|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1987, he completed an international mission in [[Nicaragua]] as First Secretary of the [[Young Communist League (Cuba)|Young Communist League]] of [[Villa Clara Province|Villa Clara]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Al Jazeera Staff|title=Miguel Diaz-Canel: Cuba's post-Castro president|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/4/11/miguel-diaz-canel-cubas-post-castro-president|access-date=2021-04-19|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820182916/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/4/11/miguel-diaz-canel-cubas-post-castro-president|url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 67: / Line 69: @@
 ==Leader of Cuba (2018–present)==
-In 2018, the 86-year-old Castro stepped down from the position as president of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers, though he retained the most powerful position of [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba]] and the [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amp.france24.com/en/20180419-raul-castro-leadership-cuba-communist-party-2021-diaz-canel|title=Raul Castro to lead Cuba's Communist Party until 2021|publisher=FRANCE 24|date=19 April 2018|quote='I confirm to this assembly that Raul Castro, as First Secretary of the Communist Party, will lead the decisions about the future of the country,' Diaz-Canel said.|access-date=23 April 2018|archive-date=18 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718003647/https://amp.france24.com/en/20180419-raul-castro-leadership-cuba-communist-party-2021-diaz-canel|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="babysaur">{{cite web|url= http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/andres-oppenheimer/article209446674.html|title= Cuba's new 'babysaur' to replace a dinosaur is no cause of celebration—it's shameful!|author= Andrés Oppenheimer|date= 20 April 2018|work= Miami Herald|access-date= 23 April 2018|archive-date= 22 April 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180422053351/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/andres-oppenheimer/article209446674.html|url-status= live}}</ref> On 18&nbsp;April 2018, Díaz-Canel was selected as the only candidate to succeed Castro as president.<ref name=guardian_pres_select/> He was confirmed by a vote of the [[National Assembly of People's Power|National Assembly]] on 19&nbsp;April<ref name=guardian_pres_select>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Miguel Díaz-Canel: Cuba selects first non-Castro president since Fidel|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/19/miguel-diaz-canel-cuba-selects-first-non-castro-president-in-60-years|access-date=19 April 2018|work=The Guardian|date=19 April 2018|language=en|archive-date=5 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105161716/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/19/miguel-diaz-canel-cuba-selects-first-non-castro-president-in-60-years|url-status=live}}</ref> and sworn in on the same day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43823287|title=Cuba's Raúl Castro hands over power to Miguel Díaz-Canel|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=19 April 2018|access-date=19 April 2018|archive-date=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419145233/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43823287|url-status=live}}</ref> Policy experts expected that he would pursue cautious reform of his predecessors' [[communism|communist]] economic policies, while preserving the country's social structure.<ref name="babysaur"/> He is the first president born after the 1959 [[Cuban Revolution]] and the first since 1976 not to be a member of the Castro family.<ref name=guardian_obscurity/>
+In 2018, the 86-year-old Castro stepped down from the position as president of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers, though he retained the most powerful position of [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba]] and the [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://amp.france24.com/en/20180419-raul-castro-leadership-cuba-communist-party-2021-diaz-canel|title=Raul Castro to lead Cuba's Communist Party until 2021|publisher=FRANCE 24|date=19 April 2018|quote='I confirm to this assembly that Raul Castro, as First Secretary of the Communist Party, will lead the decisions about the future of the country,' Diaz-Canel said.|access-date=23 April 2018|archive-date=18 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718003647/https://amp.france24.com/en/20180419-raul-castro-leadership-cuba-communist-party-2021-diaz-canel|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18&nbsp;April 2018, Díaz-Canel was selected as the only candidate to succeed Castro as president.<ref name=guardian_pres_select/> He was confirmed by a vote of the [[National Assembly of People's Power|National Assembly]] on 19&nbsp;April<ref name=guardian_pres_select>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Miguel Díaz-Canel: Cuba selects first non-Castro president since Fidel|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/19/miguel-diaz-canel-cuba-selects-first-non-castro-president-in-60-years|access-date=19 April 2018|work=The Guardian|date=19 April 2018|language=en|archive-date=5 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105161716/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/19/miguel-diaz-canel-cuba-selects-first-non-castro-president-in-60-years|url-status=live}}</ref> and sworn in on the same day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43823287|title=Cuba's Raúl Castro hands over power to Miguel Díaz-Canel|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=19 April 2018|access-date=19 April 2018|archive-date=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419145233/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43823287|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the first president born after the 1959 [[Cuban Revolution]] and the first since 1976 not to be a member of the Castro family.<ref name=guardian_obscurity/>
-He received a visit from Venezuelan President [[Nicolás Maduro]] just two days after his inauguration. He met with Maduro again in May 2018 in [[Caracas]], during his first official foreign visit as head of state. In his first multinational political trip since becoming president, Díaz-Canel traveled in November 2018 to visit all of Cuba's Eurasian allies. Diplomatic meetings were held in Russia, North Korea, China, Vietnam, and Laos. Brief stopovers in the United Kingdom and France also included meetings with British parliamentarians and French leaders. In March 2019, Díaz-Canel and his wife hosted [[Charles, Prince of Wales]] and [[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall]] in Havana as the first British royals to visit the island.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-47688610|title=Charles and Camilla make history in Cuba|date=25 March 2019|via=www.bbc.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402091019/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-47688610|url-status=live}}</ref>
+He received a visit from Venezuelan President [[Nicolás Maduro]] just two days after his inauguration. He met with Maduro again in May 2018 in [[Caracas]], during his first official foreign visit as head of state. In his first multinational political trip since becoming president, Díaz-Canel traveled in November 2018 to visit all of Cuba's Eurasian allies. Diplomatic meetings were held in Russia, North Korea, China, Vietnam, and Laos. Brief stopovers in the United Kingdom and France also included meetings with British parliamentarians and French leaders. In March 2019, Díaz-Canel and his wife hosted [[Charles, Prince of Wales]] and [[Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall]] in Havana as the first British royals to visit the island.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-47688610|title=Charles and Camilla make history in Cuba|date=25 March 2019|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402091019/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-47688610|url-status=live}}</ref>
 In October 2019, Diaz-Canel became the President of the Republic of Cuba, an office that was recreated that February after a series of [[Constitution of Cuba|constitutional reforms]] were approved in a [[2019 Cuban constitutional referendum|constitutional referendum]].<ref>[https://www.havanatimes.org/?p=136317 Cuba’s Reformed Constitution, a Democratic and Participatory Process] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309124808/https://www.havanatimes.org/?p=136317 |date=9 March 2019 }} [[Havana Times]], 23 July 2018</ref> This office replaced the one he had held since April of the previous year, which was the President of the [[Council of State (Cuba)|Council of State]], which was previously the head of state of Cuba. The position of President of the Council of State became a less important position and is now carried out by [[Esteban Lazo Hernández]] in his authority as the President of the [[National Assembly of People's Power]]. Diaz-Canel's reforms among other things, limited the presidency to two consecutive five-year terms and banned discrimination based on [[Sexism|gender]], [[gender identity]] or [[sexual orientation]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-constitution-explainer/explainer-what-is-old-and-new-in-cubas-proposed-constitution-idUSKCN1QA273|title=Explainer: What is old and new in Cuba's proposed constitution|author=Marc Frank|work=Reuters|date=21 February 2019|access-date=24 February 2019|archive-date=29 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729110641/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-constitution-explainer/explainer-what-is-old-and-new-in-cubas-proposed-constitution-idUSKCN1QA273|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Cuba-expands-rights-but-rejects-radical-change-in-updated-constitution/1601551276671/|title=Cuba expands rights but rejects radical change in updated constitution|website=UPI|language=en|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401054305/https://www.upi.com/Cuba-expands-rights-but-rejects-radical-change-in-updated-constitution/1601551276671/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mega|first=Emiliano Rodríguez|date=8 March 2019|title=Cuba acknowledges climate change threats in its constitution|journal=Nature|volume=567|issue=7747|pages=155|language=EN|doi=10.1038/d41586-019-00760-3|pmid=30862928|doi-access=free}}</ref> His government also reformed the country's Family Code in 2022, after a [[2022 Cuban Family Code referendum|referendum]] was approved, which, among other things, legalised [[same-sex marriage]], [[same-sex adoption]] and altruistic [[surrogacy]]. These policies have been described as the "most progressive" in [[Latin America]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cuba approves same-sex marriage in historic turnabout |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/24/cuba-same-sex-marriage-referendum/ |access-date=2022-09-27 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927002515/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/24/cuba-same-sex-marriage-referendum/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 [[File:Vladimir Putin and Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez (2022-11-22).jpg|thumb|Díaz-Canel with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] in the [[Kremlin]], 22 November 2022]]
-His administration has suppressed dissent, particularly surrounding the [[2021 Cuban protests]] triggered by the worsening of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], suggested combatting the country's [[food crisis]] with [[pizza]], [[Guarapo (drink)|guarapo]] and [[lemonade]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-26|title=Miguel Díaz-Canel: "La limonada es la base de todo"|publisher=Noticias Cubanet|url=https://www.cubanet.org/noticias/miguel-diaz-canel-la-limonada-es-la-base-de-todo/amp/|language=es|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120202916/https://www.cubanet.org/noticias/miguel-diaz-canel-la-limonada-es-la-base-de-todo/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pentón |first=Mario J. |date=2020-05-26 |title=Limonada y guarapo, las nuevas propuestas del gobernante Díaz-Canel para la escasez en Cuba |url=https://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/america-latina/cuba-es/article242998311.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=El Nuevo Herald |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204153806/https://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/america-latina/cuba-es/article242998311.html |url-status=live }}</ref> changed the [[Cuban peso|currency system]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-10|title=Day Zero: how and why Cuba unified its dual currency system {{!}} LSE Latin America and Caribbean|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/latamcaribbean/2021/02/10/day-zero-how-and-why-cuba-unified-its-dual-currency-system/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=LSE Latin America and Caribbean blog|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207160439/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/latamcaribbean/2021/02/10/day-zero-how-and-why-cuba-unified-its-dual-currency-system/|url-status=live}}</ref> During the protests, he said: "The order of combat has been given - into the streets, revolutionaries!"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Público|date=2021-07-12|title=El presidente de Cuba: "La orden de combate está dada, a la calle los revolucionarios"|url=http://www.publico.es/internacional/presidente-cuba-orden-combate-dada-calle-revolucionarios.html|access-date=2022-02-06|website=Público|language=es|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120122213/https://www.publico.es/internacional/presidente-cuba-orden-combate-dada-calle-revolucionarios.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
+His administration has suppressed dissent, particularly surrounding the [[2021 Cuban protests]] triggered by the worsening of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], suggested combatting the country's [[food crisis]] with [[pizza]], [[Guarapo (drink)|guarapo]] and [[lemonade]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-26|title=Miguel Díaz-Canel: "La limonada es la base de todo"|publisher=Noticias Cubanet|url=https://www.cubanet.org/noticias/miguel-diaz-canel-la-limonada-es-la-base-de-todo/amp/|language=es|access-date=20 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120202916/https://www.cubanet.org/noticias/miguel-diaz-canel-la-limonada-es-la-base-de-todo/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pentón |first=Mario J. |date=2020-05-26 |title=Limonada y guarapo, las nuevas propuestas del gobernante Díaz-Canel para la escasez en Cuba |url=https://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/america-latina/cuba-es/article242998311.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=El Nuevo Herald |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204153806/https://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/america-latina/cuba-es/article242998311.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and changed the [[Cuban peso|currency system]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-10|title=Day Zero: how and why Cuba unified its dual currency system {{!}} LSE Latin America and Caribbean|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/latamcaribbean/2021/02/10/day-zero-how-and-why-cuba-unified-its-dual-currency-system/|access-date=2022-02-06|website=LSE Latin America and Caribbean blog|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207160439/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/latamcaribbean/2021/02/10/day-zero-how-and-why-cuba-unified-its-dual-currency-system/|url-status=live}}</ref> During the protests, he said: "The order of combat has been given - into the streets, revolutionaries!"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Público|date=2021-07-12|title=El presidente de Cuba: "La orden de combate está dada, a la calle los revolucionarios"|url=http://www.publico.es/internacional/presidente-cuba-orden-combate-dada-calle-revolucionarios.html|access-date=2022-02-06|website=Público|language=es|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120122213/https://www.publico.es/internacional/presidente-cuba-orden-combate-dada-calle-revolucionarios.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 [[File:22.06.2023 - Encontro com o Presidente da República de Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez (52994078528).jpg|thumb|Díaz-Canel with Brazilian President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] in Paris, France, 22 June 2023]]
-On 19 April 2021, he officially became the [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba|First Secretary of the Communist Party]] following the resignation of [[Raúl Castro]]. This made him the leader of Cuba in fact as well as in name. It had been understood that Raúl retained the real power after ceding the presidency to Diaz-Canel in 2018. Diaz-Canel is the first non-Castro to lead the party since the [[Cuban revolution]] of 1959. [[BBC News]] stated that Díaz-Canel is loyal to the Castros' ideologies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2021 |title=Cuba leadership: Díaz-Canel named Communist Party chief |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56802129 |via=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=19 April 2021 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922141146/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56802129 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+On 19 April 2021, he officially became the [[First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba|First Secretary of the Communist Party]] following the resignation of [[Raúl Castro]]. This made him the leader of Cuba in fact as well as in name. [[BBC News]] stated that Díaz-Canel is loyal to the Castros' ideologies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2021 |title=Cuba leadership: Díaz-Canel named Communist Party chief |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56802129 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=19 April 2021 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922141146/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56802129 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-During the 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the Cuban government blamed the United States for the crisis in Ukraine and backed Russia's right to "self-defense" against [[NATO]] expansion, but did not endorse the invasion, saying the conflict should be resolved diplomatically.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuba blames U.S. for the crisis in Ukraine, but stops short of endorsing Putin's invasion |work=[[Miami Herald]] |first=Nora |last=Gámez Torres |date=23 February 2022 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article258694343.html |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225164140/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article258694343.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Díaz-Canel visited [[Vladimir Putin]] in Moscow in November 2022, and the two leaders criticized Western sanctions against Cuba and Russia. They also opened a monument to Fidel Castro in one of the Moscow's districts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/russian-cuban-presidents-meet-in-moscow-decry-unfair-sanctions/2745382 |title=Russian, Cuban presidents meet in Moscow, decry 'unfair' sanctions |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327021752/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/russian-cuban-presidents-meet-in-moscow-decry-unfair-sanctions/2745382 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+During the 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the Cuban government blamed the United States for the crisis in Ukraine and backed Russia's right to self-defense against [[NATO]] expansion, but did not endorse the invasion, saying the conflict should be resolved diplomatically.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuba blames U.S. for the crisis in Ukraine, but stops short of endorsing Putin's invasion |work=[[Miami Herald]] |first=Nora |last=Gámez Torres |date=23 February 2022 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article258694343.html |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225164140/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article258694343.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Díaz-Canel visited [[Vladimir Putin]] in Moscow in November 2022, and the two leaders criticized Western sanctions against Cuba and Russia. They also opened a monument to Fidel Castro in one of the Moscow's districts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/russian-cuban-presidents-meet-in-moscow-decry-unfair-sanctions/2745382 |title=Russian, Cuban presidents meet in Moscow, decry 'unfair' sanctions |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327021752/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/russian-cuban-presidents-meet-in-moscow-decry-unfair-sanctions/2745382 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 On 19 April 2023, Díaz-Canel was re-elected by the National Assembly for a second five-year term as president, along with [[Salvador Valdés]] as vice president. Despite the difficult economic conditions facing the country, his re-election was widely expected and received widespread support from the Assembly members, with 97.66% backing Diaz-Canel's proposal and 93.4% supporting Valdés. The president was praised by the Assembly members for his leadership in difficult circumstances and for prioritizing collective work, innovation, and science.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title=Reelecto Miguel Díaz-Canel presidente de la República de Cuba - Prensa Latina |url=https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2023/04/19/electo-miguel-diaz-canel-presidente-de-la-republica-de-cuba |access-date=2023-04-19 |language=es |archive-date=19 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419212603/https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2023/04/19/electo-miguel-diaz-canel-presidente-de-la-republica-de-cuba |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oppmann |first=Patrick |date=2023-04-19 |title=Cuba's President Miguel Diaz-Canel wins a second term |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/americas/cuba-relection-president-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204153756/https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/19/americas/cuba-relection-president-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In December 2023, Díaz-Canel condemned the             "[[Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza|genocide of Palestinians]]" in the [[Gaza Strip]] and called Israel a "terrorist state".<ref>{{cite news |title=Cuba condemns 'genocide' committed by 'terrorist state of Israel' |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/cuba-condemns-genocide-committed-by-terrorist-state-of-israel/3093296 |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=27 December 2023}}</ref> He joined a pro-Palestine demonstration in [[Havana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Thousands led by Cuba's president march in Havana in solidarity with Palestinian people |url=https://apnews.com/article/cuba-march-israel-palestinians-gaza-diazcanel-7fa0af0e877105f717a8a1b35c93329a |website=Associated Press |date=November 24, 2023 }}</ref>
+In December 2023, Díaz-Canel condemned the [[Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza|genocide of Palestinians]] in the [[Gaza Strip]] and called Israel a terrorist state.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cuba condemns 'genocide' committed by 'terrorist state of Israel' |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/cuba-condemns-genocide-committed-by-terrorist-state-of-israel/3093296 |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=27 December 2023}}</ref> He joined a pro-Palestinian demonstration in [[Havana]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Thousands led by Cuba's president march in Havana in solidarity with Palestinian people |url=https://apnews.com/article/cuba-march-israel-palestinians-gaza-diazcanel-7fa0af0e877105f717a8a1b35c93329a |website=Associated Press |date=November 24, 2023 }}</ref> On 15 October 2024, he led a pro-Palestinian demonstration in Havana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-15 |title=Cuban president leads pro-Palestinian march in Havana |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241015-cuban-president-leads-pro-palestinian-march-in-havana |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Awards==
@@ Line 96: / Line 98: @@
 ==Personal life==
-Díaz-Canel has two children from his marriage to his first wife, Marta Villanueva, which ended in divorce. He currently resides with his second wife, Lis Cuesta.<ref name="diariopopular.com.ar">{{cite web|title=Quién es Miguel Díaz-Canel, el sucesor de Fidel y Raúl Castro|url=http://www.diariopopular.com.ar/notas/147716-quien-es-miguel-diaz-canel-el-sucesor-fidel-y-raul-castro|access-date=12 June 2015|date=25 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127214952/http://www.diariopopular.com.ar/notas/147716-quien-es-miguel-diaz-canel-el-sucesor-fidel-y-raul-castro|archive-date=27 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+Díaz-Canel has two children from his marriage to his first wife, Marta Villanueva, which ended in divorce. He currently resides with his second wife, [[Lis Cuesta Peraza]].<ref name="diariopopular.com.ar">{{cite web|title=Quién es Miguel Díaz-Canel, el sucesor de Fidel y Raúl Castro|url=http://www.diariopopular.com.ar/notas/147716-quien-es-miguel-diaz-canel-el-sucesor-fidel-y-raul-castro|access-date=12 June 2015|date=25 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127214952/http://www.diariopopular.com.ar/notas/147716-quien-es-miguel-diaz-canel-el-sucesor-fidel-y-raul-castro|archive-date=27 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 On 23 March 2021, Díaz-Canel obtained a PhD in technical sciences, defending a thesis titled "Government Management System Based on Science and Innovation for Sustainable Development in Cuba."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cubanoticias360.com/califican-de-totalmente-espectacular-tesis-doctoral-del-presidente-cubano-miguel-diaz-canel/|title="Totalmente espectacular" tesis de Díaz- Canel &#124; Cuba Noticias 360|date=23 March 2021|access-date=3 June 2021|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820043933/https://www.cubanoticias360.com/califican-de-totalmente-espectacular-tesis-doctoral-del-presidente-cubano-miguel-diaz-canel/|url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 105: / Line 107: @@
 * [[List of presidents of Cuba]]
 * [[List of prime ministers of Cuba]]
+==Notes==
+{{Notelist}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 152: / Line 157: @@
 [[Category:People from Placetas]]
 [[Category:Anti-Americanism]]
-[[Category:Cuban politicians]]
-[[Category:Cuban communists]]
 [[Category:Communist Party of Cuba politicians]]
 [[Category:First secretaries of the Communist Party of Cuba]]

v t e Current heads of state of republics
Africa	Abdelmadjid Tebboune João Lourenço Patrice Talon Duma Boko Ibrahim Traoré* Évariste Ndayishimiye Paul Biya José Maria Neves Faustin-Archange Touadéra Mahamat Déby Azali Assoumani Félix Tshisekedi Denis Sassou Nguesso Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Isaias Afwerki Taye Atske Selassie Brice Oligui* Adama Barrow Nana Akufo-Addo Mamady Doumbouya* Umaro Sissoco Embaló Alassane Ouattara William Ruto Joseph Boakai Mohamed al-Menfi* Andry Rajoelina Lazarus Chakwera Assimi Goïta* Mohamed Ould Ghazouani Dharam Gokhool Filipe Nyusi Nangolo Mbumba Abdourahamane Tchiani* Bola Tinubu Paul Kagame Brahim Ghali Carlos Vila Nova Bassirou Diomaye Faye Wavel Ramkalawan Julius Maada Bio Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi Cyril Ramaphosa Salva Kiir Mayardit Transitional Sovereignty Council* Samia Suluhu Hassan Faure Gnassingbé Kais Saied Yoweri Museveni Hakainde Hichilema Emmerson Mnangagwa
Asia	Badra Gunba* Vahagn Khachaturyan Ilham Aliyev Mohammed Shahabuddin Xi Jinping José Ramos-Horta Salome Zourabichvili Droupadi Murmu Prabowo Subianto Ali Khamenei Abdul Latif Rashid Isaac Herzog Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Sadyr Japarov Thongloun Sisoulith Najib Mikati* Mohamed Muizzu Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Min Aung Hlaing* Ram Chandra Poudel Kim Jong Un Asif Ali Zardari Mahmoud Abbas Bongbong Marcos Tharman Shanmugaratnam Han Duck-soo* Alan Gagloev Anura Kumara Dissanayake Syria Vacant Lai Ching-te Emomali Rahmon Serdar Berdimuhamedow Shavkat Mirziyoyev Lương Cường* Rashad al-Alimi*
Europe	Bajram Begaj Alexander Van der Bellen Alexander Lukashenko Denis Bećirović, Željka Cvijanović, and Željko Komšić Rumen Radev Zoran Milanović Nikos Christodoulides Petr Pavel Alar Karis Alexander Stubb Emmanuel Macron Frank-Walter Steinmeier Katerina Sakellaropoulou Tamás Sulyok Halla Tómasdóttir Michael D. Higgins Sergio Mattarella Vjosa Osmani Edgars Rinkēvičs Gitanas Nausėda Myriam Spiteri Debono Maia Sandu Jakov Milatović Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova Ersin Tatar Andrzej Duda Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Klaus Iohannis Vladimir Putin Francesca Civerchia and Dalibor Riccardi Aleksandar Vučić Peter Pellegrini Nataša Pirc Musar Viola Amherd, Karin Keller-Sutter, Guy Parmelin, Ignazio Cassis, Albert Rösti, Élisabeth Baume-Schneider, and Beat Jans Vadim Krasnoselsky Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Volodymyr Zelenskyy
North America	Sandra Mason Rodrigo Chaves Robles Miguel Díaz-Canel Sylvanie Burton Luis Abinader Nayib Bukele Bernardo Arévalo Transitional Presidential Council* Xiomara Castro Claudia Sheinbaum Daniel Ortega José Raúl Mulino Christine Kangaloo Joe Biden
South America	Javier Milei Luis Arce Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Gabriel Boric Gustavo Petro Daniel Noboa Irfaan Ali Santiago Peña Dina Boluarte Chan Santokhi Luis Lacalle Pou Nicolás Maduro
Oceania	Naiqama Lalabalavu Taneti Maamau Hilda Heine Wesley Simina David Adeang Surangel Whipps Jr. Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II Nikenike Vurobaravu
Asterisk () indicate an acting head of state · Italics* indicate a head of state of non-UN member state

v t e Leaders of socialist states espousing Marxism–Leninism
People's Republic of China	Xi Jinping, General Secretary and state representative Li Qiang, head of government Zhao Leji, head of legislature (Chinese Communist Party)
Republic of Cuba	Miguel Díaz-Canel, First Secretary and head of state Manuel Marrero Cruz, head of government Esteban Lazo Hernández, head of legislature (Communist Party of Cuba)
Lao People's Democratic Republic	Thongloun Sisoulith, General Secretary and head of state Sonexay Siphandone, head of government Saysomphone Phomvihane, head of legislature (Lao People's Revolutionary Party)
Socialist Republic of Vietnam	Tô Lâm, General Secretary Lương Cường, head of state Phạm Minh Chính, head of government Trần Thanh Mẫn, head of legislature (Communist Party of Vietnam)

v t e Presidents of Cuba (list)
Presidents	Estrada US occupation, 1906–09 J. Gómez García Zayas Machado Herrera‡ Céspedes Pentarchy of 1933 Grau Hevia* Márquez Sterling* Mendieta* Barnet* M. Gómez Laredo Batista Grau Prío Batista^ Alliegro* Piedra* Urrutia Dorticós
Presidents of the Council of State	F. Castro R. Castro Díaz-Canel
Presidents	Díaz-Canel
* Interim ‡ Provisional ^ Domingo acted as president during part of this term.

v t e Prime ministers of Cuba (list)
Prime ministers	Saladrigas Zayas Zaydín Alliegro Lancís Sánchez Prío Socarrás López del Castillo de Varona Lancís Sánchez Gans Batista García Montes Rivero Agüero Núñez Portuondo Güell Miró Cardona F. Castro
Presidents of the Council of Ministers	F. Castro R. Castro Díaz-Canel
Prime ministers	Marrero Cruz