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Coordinates: 44°06′N 23°13′E / 44.100°N 23.217°E / 44.100; 23.217
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{{Short description|1853–54 battle of the Crimean War}}
{{Refimprove|date=July 2010}}
{{Refimprove|date=July 2010}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Cetate
|image=
⚫
| partof = the [[Crimean War]]
|caption=
| image = Максутов В. Н. - Сражение у Четати 25 декабря 1852 (1861).jpg
⚫
|partof=the [[Crimean War]]
| image_size = 300
⚫
|date=31 December 1853-6 January 1854
| caption = The Battle of Cetate
⚫
|place=[[Cetate, Dolj|Cetate]]
⚫
| date = 31 December 1853 – 6 January 1854
|result=Inconclusive
⚫
| place = [[Cetate, Dolj|Cetate]], [[Wallachia]]
⚫
|combatant1={{Flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman Empire]]
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|44|06|N|23|13|E|source:kolossus-rowiki|display=title}}
⚫
|combatant2={{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Russian Empire]]
| result = Inconclusive{{efn|The first battle began with the Ottoman offensive, all attacks were repulsed with heavy losses for both sides, the battle ended with the success of the Russians{{sfn|Егоршина|2023|p=425}} Bellegarde's troops arrived and knocked the Ottomans out of their trenches, but failed in their attempts to dislodge the Ottomans from the staging area; therefore, the second engagement, against Bellegarde, was also a draw. But as news of Anrep's arrival on the battlefield came to the Ottomans in the evening, they retreated, and were shattered in the course of their withdrawal (n.b.: Anrep was not involved in the battle).<ref name=Tarle>[[Yevgeny Tarle]]. ''Крымская война''. — Vol. 1. — Ch. IV. Дунайская кампания 1853 г. Вторжение русских войск в Молдавию и Валахию. Ольтеница и Четати. — P. 275–278</ref>}}
|commander1=[[Ahmed Pasha]]
⚫
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire|23px}} [[Ottoman Empire]]
|commander2=Col AK Baumgarten
⚫
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Russian Empire|23px}} [[Russian Empire]]
|strength1=18,000
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ahmed Muhtar Pasha|Ahmed Pasha]]<br /> {{flagicon|Ottoman Empire}} [[Omar Pasha]]
|strength2= ?
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} Col. [[Alexander Karlovich Baumgarten]]{{WIA}}<br />{{flagicon|Russian Empire}} Maj. Gen. [[Karl Aleksandrovich Bellegarde]]
|casualties1= ?
{{flagicon|Russian Empire}} [[Joseph Carl von Anrep|Iosif Anrep-Elmpt]] (unengaged)
|casualties2=831 killed<br/>1190 wounded
| strength1 = 18,000 (totally<ref name=Tarle/>),<br>24 guns<ref name="enc">{{cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Cetate|title=Cetate|website=encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com|access-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref>
| strength2 = '''First Engagement''':<br>2,500,<br>6 guns<br/>(Baumgarten)<ref name="enc"/><br/>(full force<ref name=Tarle/>)<br><br>'''Second Engagement''':<br>5,000<ref name="enc"/>–7,000<ref name=Tarle/><br/>(Baumgarten & Bellegarde)
| casualties1 = 3,000,<br>6 guns,<br>3 banners<ref name="enc"/>
| casualties2 = 835 killed and 1,213 wounded{{sfn|Егоршина|2023|p=426}}
⚫
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Crimean War}}
}}
}}
⚫
{{Campaignbox Crimean War}}


The '''Battle of Cetate''' was fought during the [[Crimean War]]. In this battle an Ottoman force under [[Ahmed Pasha]] attempted to capture the town of [[Cetate, Dolj|Cetate]] in [[Wallachia]], but were unsuccessful.
The '''Battle of Cetate''' was fought during the [[Crimean War]]. In this battle a large Ottoman force under [[Ahmed Muhtar Pasha|Ahmed Pasha]] unsuccessfully attempted to capture the village of [[Cetate, Dolj|Cetate]] which was controlled by Russian Colonel {{ill|Alexander Karlovich Baumgarten|lt=Alexander Baumgarten|ru|Баумгартен, Александр Карлович|de|Alexander von Baumgarten}}.


==Background==
==Background==
This battle took place during the Danube campaign of the Crimean War. In the build-up to war, Russia had occupied the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, positioning troops on the northern) left bank of the [[Danube]], the border of Ottoman territory. The Ottoman Empire had responded by moving troops to the right bank to face them.
The battle took place during the Danube campaign of the Crimean War. In the build-up to the war, Russia occupied the [[Danubian Principalities]] of [[Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]], positioning troops on the left (northern) bank of the [[Danube]], which formed the border with Ottoman territory. The [[Ottoman Empire]] had responded by moving troops to the right bank to face them.

In the west, on the border with Austria and Serbia, Russian troops in Cetate were faced by Ottoman forces in the fortress of [[Vidin]].
In the west, on the border with Austria and Serbia, Russian troops in Cetate were faced by Ottoman forces in the fortress of [[Vidin]].
⚫
Following the Ottoman ultimatum on 4 October 1853 to withdraw within 2 weeks, Ottoman forces under Ahmed Pasha crossed the river and occupied the town of [[Calafat|Kalafat]], which they fortified as a bridgehead.


⚫
Following the Ottoman ultimatum on 4 October 1853 to withdraw within 2 weeks, Ottoman forces under Ahmed Pasha crossed the river and occupied the town of [[Calafat]], which they fortified as a bridgehead.
==Action==

⚫
On 31 December 1853 Ahmed Pasha and a force of several thousand cavalry, supported by infantry, advanced to attack Cetate, which was held by a Russian detachment, under Colonel AK Baumgarten.
==Battle==
This attack was repulsed, after which both sides called up reinforcements.
⚫
On 31 December 1853 Ahmed Pasha and a force of several thousand cavalry, supported by infantry, advanced to attack Cetate, which was held by a Russian detachment, under Colonel Alexander K. Baumgarten. This attack was repulsed, after which both sides called up reinforcements.
On 6 January 1854 (Christmas Day in the Orthodox calendar) Ahmed renewed his assault with a force of 18,000 men. This was successful, and the Russian force was driven from the town with heavy losses. However, Russian reinforcements were also arriving during the day, and Ahmed, fearing an assault on his base and being cut off himself, abandoned the town and retreated to Kalafat.

On 6 January 1854 (Christmas Day in the Russian Orthodox calendar), Ahmed renewed his assault with a force of 18,000 men.<ref name="enc"/> The Russians repelled several attacks but were running out of shells and losing a significant number of the troops.<ref name="enc"/> However, Russian reinforcements arrived during the day (under Major General {{ill|Karl Aleksandrovich Bellegarde|ru|Бельгард, Карл Александрович}}<ref name="enc"/>) and pushed the Turks out of their trenches, but failed in their attempts to dislodge the Turks from the staging area.<ref name=Tarle/>


==Aftermath==
==Aftermath==
In the evening, having received the news that [[Joseph Carl von Anrep|General Anrep]] with large forces moves to the battlefield, Ahmed, fearing an assault on his base and being cut off himself, abandoned the town and retreated to Calafat, the Russians for some time persecuted, having killed many.
The battle at Cetate was ultimately indecisive. After heavy casualties on both sides, both armies were back at their start positions.

The Ottoman forces were still in a strong position and barring contact between the Russians and the Serbs, to whom they looked for support, but were themselves no nearer driving the Russians from the Principalities, their stated aim.
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Schlacht bei Cetate.jpg|''Battle of Cetate'' by [[Karl Lanzedelli]]
File:Arrival at Kalafat of the wounded from Citate.jpg|Arrival at [[Calafat]] of the wounded from Cetate
File:Distribution of the Medjidie, After the Battle of Citate.jpg|Distribution of the [[Order of the Medjidie|Medjidie]], after the Battle of Cetate
File:Baumgartenak.jpeg|Colonel Alexander Karlovich Baumgarten, sometimes between 1858 and 1861
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{notelist}}
*W Baumgart: ''The Crimean War 1853-1856'' (1999) ISBN 0-340-61465-X
{{reflist}}


===Bibliography===
⚫
{{coord|44|06|N|23|13|E|source:kolossus-rowiki|display=title}}
*{{Cite book|last=Baumgart|first=Winfried|title=The Crimean War: 1853–1856| date=1999|publisher=Arnold|isbn=0-340-75960-7|location=London|oclc=48249310}}
* {{cite book |last=Егоршина |first=Петрова |lang=ru |script-title=ru:История русской армии |trans-title=The history of the Russian Army |location=Moscow |publisher=Moskva |date=2023 |isbn=978-5-699-42397-2}}
{{Commons category|Battle of Cetate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

==See also==
* [[Battle of Oltenița]]


[[Category:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire|Cetate]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire|Cetate]]
[[Category:Battles of the Crimean War|Cetate]]
[[Category:Battles of the Crimean War|Cetate]]
[[Category:Military history of Romania]]

[[Category:History of Dolj County]]
[[pl:Bitwa pod Cetate]]
[[ro:Bătălia de la Cetate]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1853|Cetate]]
[[Category:1853 in Romania]]
[[Category:1854 in Romania]]
[[Category:December 1853 events]]
[[Category:January 1854 events]]

Latest revision as of 13:10, 16 December 2024

Battle of Cetate
Part of the Crimean War

The Battle of Cetate
Date31 December 1853 – 6 January 1854
Location
Cetate, Wallachia
44°06′N 23°13′E / 44.100°N 23.217°E / 44.100; 23.217
Result Inconclusive[a]
Belligerents
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Russian Empire Russian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Ottoman Empire Ahmed Pasha
Ottoman Empire Omar Pasha

Russian Empire Col. Alexander Karlovich Baumgarten (WIA)
Russian Empire Maj. Gen. Karl Aleksandrovich Bellegarde

Russian Empire Iosif Anrep-Elmpt (unengaged)
Strength
18,000 (totally[2]),
24 guns[3]		 First Engagement:
2,500,
6 guns
(Baumgarten)[3]
(full force[2])

Second Engagement:
5,000[3]–7,000[2]
(Baumgarten & Bellegarde)
Casualties and losses
3,000,
6 guns,
3 banners[3]		 835 killed and 1,213 wounded[4]

The Battle of Cetate was fought during the Crimean War. In this battle a large Ottoman force under Ahmed Pasha unsuccessfully attempted to capture the village of Cetate which was controlled by Russian Colonel Alexander Baumgarten [ru; de].

Background

[edit]

The battle took place during the Danube campaign of the Crimean War. In the build-up to the war, Russia occupied the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, positioning troops on the left (northern) bank of the Danube, which formed the border with Ottoman territory. The Ottoman Empire had responded by moving troops to the right bank to face them.

In the west, on the border with Austria and Serbia, Russian troops in Cetate were faced by Ottoman forces in the fortress of Vidin.

Following the Ottoman ultimatum on 4 October 1853 to withdraw within 2 weeks, Ottoman forces under Ahmed Pasha crossed the river and occupied the town of Calafat, which they fortified as a bridgehead.

Battle

[edit]

On 31 December 1853 Ahmed Pasha and a force of several thousand cavalry, supported by infantry, advanced to attack Cetate, which was held by a Russian detachment, under Colonel Alexander K. Baumgarten. This attack was repulsed, after which both sides called up reinforcements.

On 6 January 1854 (Christmas Day in the Russian Orthodox calendar), Ahmed renewed his assault with a force of 18,000 men.[3] The Russians repelled several attacks but were running out of shells and losing a significant number of the troops.[3] However, Russian reinforcements arrived during the day (under Major General Karl Aleksandrovich Bellegarde [ru][3]) and pushed the Turks out of their trenches, but failed in their attempts to dislodge the Turks from the staging area.[2]

Aftermath

[edit]

In the evening, having received the news that General Anrep with large forces moves to the battlefield, Ahmed, fearing an assault on his base and being cut off himself, abandoned the town and retreated to Calafat, the Russians for some time persecuted, having killed many.

[edit]
  • Battle of Cetate by Karl Lanzedelli
    Battle of Cetate by Karl Lanzedelli
  • Arrival at Calafat of the wounded from Cetate
    Arrival at Calafat of the wounded from Cetate
  • Distribution of the Medjidie, after the Battle of Cetate
    Distribution of the Medjidie, after the Battle of Cetate
  • Colonel Alexander Karlovich Baumgarten, sometimes between 1858 and 1861
    Colonel Alexander Karlovich Baumgarten, sometimes between 1858 and 1861

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The first battle began with the Ottoman offensive, all attacks were repulsed with heavy losses for both sides, the battle ended with the success of the Russians[1] Bellegarde's troops arrived and knocked the Ottomans out of their trenches, but failed in their attempts to dislodge the Ottomans from the staging area; therefore, the second engagement, against Bellegarde, was also a draw. But as news of Anrep's arrival on the battlefield came to the Ottomans in the evening, they retreated, and were shattered in the course of their withdrawal (n.b.: Anrep was not involved in the battle).[2]
  1. ^ Егоршина 2023, p. 425.
  2. ^ a b c d e Yevgeny Tarle. Крымская война. — Vol. 1. — Ch. IV. Дунайская кампания 1853 г. Вторжение русских войск в Молдавию и Валахию. Ольтеница и Четати. — P. 275–278
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Cetate". encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  4. ^ Егоршина 2023, p. 426.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Baumgart, Winfried (1999). The Crimean War: 1853–1856. London: Arnold. ISBN 0-340-75960-7. OCLC 48249310.
  • Егоршина, Петрова (2023). История русской армии [The history of the Russian Army] (in Russian). Moscow: Moskva. ISBN 978-5-699-42397-2.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Cetate.

See also

[edit]
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