Merthyr Rising: Difference between revisions
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| caption = Illustration by [[Hablot Knight Browne]] depicting people raising a [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] during the Merthyr Rising of 1831 |
| caption = Illustration by [[Hablot Knight Browne]] depicting people raising a [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] during the Merthyr Rising of 1831 |
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| date = June 1831 |
| date = June 1831 |
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| place = [[Merthyr Tydfil]] |
| place = [[Merthyr Tydfil]], Wales |
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| coordinates = |
| coordinates = |
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| causes = Lowering of wages, unemployment |
| causes = Lowering of wages, unemployment |
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[[File:Merthyr Tydfil Red Flag Graffiti.jpg|Graffiti in Merthyr Tydfil showing a person raising a red flag|thumb]] |
[[File:Merthyr Tydfil Red Flag Graffiti.jpg|Graffiti in Merthyr Tydfil showing a person raising a red flag|thumb]] |
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The '''Merthyr Rising''', also referred to as the '''Merthyr Riots''',<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://journals.library.wales/view/1277425/1281257/21#?xywh=-2480%2C-16%2C8144%2C4193|title=The Merthyr Riots: Settling the Account|journal=National Library of Wales Journal|year=1959|author=Gwyn A Williams|volume=XI|number=2|access-date=2021-08-12|pages=124}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/wales/entries/f762c322-53c1-377b-ba9d-95d332a6b7bc|title=A history of Welsh protest|author=[[Phil Carradice]]|website=BBC Blogs - Wales|date=25 November 2011}}</ref> of 1831 was the violent climax to many years of simmering unrest among the large [[working class]] population of [[Merthyr Tydfil]] in [[Wales]] and the surrounding area. |
The '''Merthyr Rising''', also referred to as the '''Merthyr Riots''',<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://journals.library.wales/view/1277425/1281257/21#?xywh=-2480%2C-16%2C8144%2C4193|title=The Merthyr Riots: Settling the Account|journal=National Library of Wales Journal|year=1959|author=Gwyn A Williams|volume=XI|number=2|access-date=2021-08-12|pages=124}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/wales/entries/f762c322-53c1-377b-ba9d-95d332a6b7bc|title=A history of Welsh protest|author=[[Phil Carradice]]|website=BBC Blogs - Wales|date=25 November 2011}}</ref> of 1831 was the violent climax to many years of simmering unrest among the large [[working class]] population of [[Merthyr Tydfil]] in [[Wales]] and the surrounding area. The Rising marked the first times the [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] was used a symbol of working class rebellion in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 March 2015 |title=1831: the Merthyr Rising and Dic Penderyn|url=https://libcom.org/history/1831-merthyr-rising-dic-penderyn|author-last=Reddebrek |access-date=25 March 2022 |work=LibCom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2020 |title= The Merthyr Rising 1831: rage, rebellion and the red flag |url=https://www.marxist.com/the-merthyr-rising-1831-rage-rebellion-and-the-red-flag.htm|author-last=Attard |author-first=Joe |access-date=25 March 2022 |work=International Marxist Tendency}}</ref> |
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==Beginnings== |
==Beginnings== |
||
Throughout May 1831 the coal miners and others who worked for [[William Crawshay II|William Crawshay]] took to the streets of Merthyr Tydfil, calling for reform, protesting against the lowering of their wages and general unemployment. Gradually the protest spread to nearby industrial towns and villages and by the end of May the whole area was in rebellion, and it is believed that for the first time the [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] of revolution was flown as a symbol of workers' revolt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/biography/dicpenderyn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915013548/http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/biography/dicpenderyn|archive-date=15 September 2015|title=Dic Penderyn (Richard Lewis)|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->| |
Throughout May 1831 the coal miners and others, who worked for [[William Crawshay II|William Crawshay]], took to the streets of Merthyr Tydfil, calling for reform, protesting against the lowering of their wages and general unemployment. Gradually the protest spread to nearby industrial towns and villages and by the end of May the whole area was in rebellion, and it is believed that for the first time the [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] of revolution was flown as a symbol of workers' revolt.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/biography/dicpenderyn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915013548/http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/biography/dicpenderyn |archive-date=15 September 2015|title=Dic Penderyn (Richard Lewis) |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |
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|work=100 Welsh Heroes }}</ref> |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
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After storming Merthyr town, the rebels sacked the local debtors' court and the goods that had been collected. Account books containing debtors' details were also destroyed. Among the shouts were cries of |
After storming Merthyr town, the rebels sacked the local debtors' court and the goods that had been collected. Account books containing debtors' details were also destroyed. Among the shouts were cries of {{lang|cy|caws a bara}} ('cheese and bread') and {{lang|cy|i lawr â'r Brenin}} ('down with the king'). |
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On 1 June 1831, the protesters marched to local mines and persuaded the men on shift there to stop working and join their protest. In the meantime, the |
On 1 June 1831, the protesters marched to local mines and persuaded the men on shift there to stop working and join their protest. In the meantime, the [[Whig government, 1830–1834|Grey ministry]] had ordered in the army, with contingents of the [[93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot]] dispatched to Merthyr Tydfil to restore order. Since the crowd was now too large to be dispersed, the soldiers were ordered to protect essential buildings and people. |
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On 2 June, while local employers and magistrates were holding a meeting with the [[High Sheriff of Glamorgan]] at the Castle Inn, a group led by Lewis Lewis (known as |
On 2 June, while local employers and magistrates were holding a meeting with the [[High Sheriff of Glamorgan]] at the Castle Inn, a group led by Lewis Lewis (known as {{lang|cy|Lewsyn yr Heliwr}}, 'Lewis the hunter') marched there to demand a reduction in the price of bread and an increase in their wages. The demands were rejected, and after being advised to return to their homes, attacked the inn. Engaged by the Sutherland Highlanders, after the rioters seized some of their weapons, the troops were commanded to open fire. After a protracted struggle in which hundreds sustained injury, some fatal, the Highlanders were compelled to withdraw to [[Penydarren House]], and abandon the town to the rioters. |
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Some 7,000 to 10,000 workers marched under a [[ |
Some 7,000 to 10,000 workers marched under a [[red flag (politics)|red flag]], which was later adopted internationally as the symbol of communists and socialists. For four days, [[magistrate (England and Wales)|magistrates]] and [[ironmaster]]s were under siege in the Castle Hotel, and the protesters effectively controlled Merthyr.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Wales">The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press 2008.{{page needed|date=June 2013}}</ref> |
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For eight days, Penydarren House was the sole refuge of authority. With armed insurrection fully in place in the town by 4 June, the rioters had commandeered arms and explosives, set up road-blocks, formed guerrilla detachments, and had banners capped with a symbolic loaf and dyed in blood. Those who had military experience had taken the lead in drilling the armed para-military formation, and created an effective central command and communication system. |
For eight days, Penydarren House was the sole refuge of authority. With armed insurrection fully in place in the town by 4 June, the rioters had commandeered arms and explosives, set up road-blocks, formed guerrilla detachments, and had banners capped with a symbolic loaf and dyed in blood. Those who had military experience had taken the lead in drilling the armed para-military formation, and created an effective central command and communication system. |
||
This allowed them to control the town and engage the formal military system, including: |
This allowed them to control the town and engage the formal military system, including: |
||
*Ambushing the 93rd's baggage-train on the Brecon Road, under escort of |
*Ambushing the 93rd's baggage-train on the Brecon Road, under escort of 40 of the [[Glamorgan Yeomanry]], and drove them into the Brecon hills. |
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*Beating off a relief force of |
*Beating off a relief force of 100 cavalry sent from Penydarren House. |
||
*Ambushing and disarming the Swansea Yeomanry on the Swansea Road, and throwing them back in disorder to [[Neath]]. |
*Ambushing and disarming the Swansea Yeomanry on the Swansea Road, and throwing them back in disorder to [[Neath]]. |
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*Organising a mass demonstration against Penydarren House. |
*Organising a mass demonstration against Penydarren House. |
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Having sent messengers, who had started strikes in Northern Monmouthshire, Neath and Swansea |
Having sent messengers, who had started strikes in Northern [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]], Neath and [[Swansea Valley]]s, the riots reached their peak. However, panic had spread to the family oriented and peaceful town folk, who had now started to flee what was an out-of-control town. With the rioters arranging a mass meeting for Sunday 6th, the government representatives in Penydarren House managed to split the rioters' council. When 450 troops marched to the mass meeting at Waun above Dowlais with levelled weapons, the meeting dispersed and the riots were effectively over. |
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==Outcome== |
==Outcome== |
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[[File:Dic Penderyn Plaque (8053781082).jpg|thumb|Plaque to Dic Penderyn, executed after the Merthyr Rising, outside Cardiff Market]] |
[[File:Dic Penderyn Plaque (8053781082).jpg|thumb|Plaque to {{lang|cy|Dic Penderyn|italic=no}}, executed after the Merthyr Rising, outside [[Cardiff Market]]]] |
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By 7 June the authorities had regained control of the town through force with up to 24 of the protesters killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://libcom.org/library/1831-merthyr-tydfil-uprising|title=1831: Merthyr Tydfil uprising|website=libcom.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-05}}</ref> Twenty-six people were arrested and put on [[trial (law)|trial]] for taking part in the revolt. Several were sentenced to terms of imprisonment, others sentenced to [[penal transportation]] to Australia, and two were sentenced to [[ |
By 7 June the authorities had regained control of the town through force with up to 24 of the protesters killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://libcom.org/library/1831-merthyr-tydfil-uprising|title=1831: Merthyr Tydfil uprising|website=libcom.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-05}}</ref> Twenty-six people were arrested and put on [[trial (law)|trial]] for taking part in the revolt. Several were sentenced to terms of imprisonment, others sentenced to [[penal transportation]] to Australia, and two were sentenced to [[hanging|death by hanging]] – Lewis Lewis ({{lang|cy|Lewsyn yr Heliwr}}) for Robbery and Richard Lewis ({{lang|cy|[[Dic Penderyn]]}}) for stabbing a soldier (Private Donald Black of the Highland Regiment) in the leg with a seized [[bayonet]]. |
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Lewsyn yr Heliwr's sentence was downgraded to a life sentence and [[penal transportation]] to Australia when one of the police officers who had tried to disperse the crowd testified that he had tried to shield him from the rioters. He was transported aboard the vessel John in 1832 and died 6 September 1847 in [[Port Macquarie]], New South Wales.{{Fact|date=August 2021}} |
Lewsyn yr Heliwr's sentence was downgraded to a life sentence and [[penal transportation]] to Australia when one of the police officers who had tried to disperse the crowd testified that he had tried to shield him from the rioters. He was transported aboard the vessel ''John'' in 1832 and died 6 September 1847 in [[Port Macquarie]], New South Wales.{{Fact|date=August 2021}} |
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Following this reprieve the |
Following this reprieve, the Grey ministry was determined that at least one rebel should die as an example of what happened to rebels. The people of Merthyr Tydfil were convinced that Richard Lewis (Dic Penderyn) was not responsible for the stabbing, and 11,000 signed a petition demanding his release. The government refused, and Richard Lewis was hanged at [[Cardiff Market]] on August 13, 1831. |
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In 1874, a Congregational minister, [[Evan Evans (minister)|the Rev. Evan Evans]], said that a man called Ianto Parker had given him a death-bed confession, saying that he had stabbed Donald Black and then fled to America fearing capture by the authorities.<ref name=Cardiff5>{{cite book|last=Sekar|first=Satish|title=The Cardiff Five: Innocent Beyond Any Doubt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0Q7AwAAQBAJ|year=2012|publisher=Waterside Press|isbn=978-1-904380-76-4|page=182}}</ref><ref>{{cite |
In 1874, a Congregational minister, [[Evan Evans (minister)|the Rev. Evan Evans]], said that a man called Ianto Parker had given him a death-bed confession, saying that he had stabbed Donald Black and then fled to America fearing capture by the authorities.<ref name=Cardiff5>{{cite book|last=Sekar|first=Satish|title=The Cardiff Five: Innocent Beyond Any Doubt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0Q7AwAAQBAJ|year=2012|publisher=Waterside Press|isbn=978-1-904380-76-4|page=182}}</ref><ref>{{cite DWB |last=Williams |first=David |authorlink=David Williams (historian) |title=Lewis, Richard ('Dic Penderyn'; 1807/8-1831) |id=s-LEWI-RIC-1807 |access-date=4 June 2018}}</ref> James Abbott, a hairdresser from Merthyr Tydfil who had testified at Penderyn's trial, later said that he had lied under oath, claiming that he had been instructed to do so by [[William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne|Lord Melbourne]].<ref name=Cardiff5/> |
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== |
== Legacy == |
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In 2015, [[Welsh Labour]] MP [[Ann Clwyd]] presented a petition to the House of Commons calling for Dic Penderyn to be posthumously pardoned, stating that there was "strong feeling in Wales that Richard Lewis - Dic Penderyn - was wrongly executed."<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2015 |title=Dic Penderyn should be pardoned, MPs told in petition|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-33326324|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=25 March 2022 |work=BBC}}</ref> |
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Radical singer-songwriter [[David Rovics]] included a song about the Merthyr Rising, entitled "Cheese and Bread," in the 2018 album ''Ballad of a Wobbly''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://davidrovics.bandcamp.com/track/cheese-and-bread|title=Cheese and Bread|website=Bandcamp}}</ref> |
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=== In creative works === |
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Since 2013, a music festival named after the rising has been held annually in Merthyr to promote working class culture and social justice in arts.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 March 2022 |title=Merthyr Rising 2022 announces line-up for first time since pandemic|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/merthyr-rising-2022-announces-line-23363172|author-last=John|author-first=Lucy|access-date=25 March 2022 |work=Wales Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merthyrrising.uk/about|title=Merthyr Rising Festival - About|website=Merthyr Rising Festival}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=Keeping the Red Flag Flying|url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2019/05/keeping-the-red-flag-flying|author-last=Williams|author-first=Logan |access-date=25 March 2022 |work=Tribune}}</ref> [[Meic Stevens]]' song "Dic Penderyn" on his 1972 album {{lang|cy|Gwymon}} celebrates Richard Lewis. Radical singer-songwriter [[David Rovics]] included a song about the Merthyr Rising, entitled "Cheese and Bread", in the 2018 album ''Ballad of a Wobbly''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://davidrovics.bandcamp.com/track/cheese-and-bread|title=Cheese and Bread|website=Bandcamp}}</ref> The musical "My Land's Shore" by Robert Gould and Christopher J Orton centres on the riots. It was performed at the [[Bloomsbury Theatre]] by the [[University College London]] Musical Theatre society in February 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=My Land's Shore |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/culture/whats-on/my-lands-shore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218181835/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/culture/whats-on/my-lands-shore |archive-date=18 February 2022 |website=University College London |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> In 2024, [[Ferocious Dog]] released a song titled "Merthyr Rising" in their album Kleptocracy. |
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In 2015, stylist Charlotte James and photographer Tom Johnson published a series titled Merthyr Rising, showcasing residents of the town.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2015 |title=Merthyr Rising: the spirit of a determined Welsh town|url=https://crackmagazine.net/article/long-reads/merthyr-rising-the-spirit-of-a-determined-welsh-town/|author-last=Mallon|author-first=Steve|access-date=25 March 2022 |work=Crack Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=26 January 2016 |title= Miners to models: Merthyr Tydfil strikes a pose – in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2016/jan/26/merthyr-tydfil-merthyr-rising-fashion-street-style-tom-johnson-charlotte-james|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=25 March 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> |
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The 2022 poetry anthology ''{{lang|cy|Gwrthryfel|italic=unset}} / Uprising'' contained two poems about Dic Penderyn and the Merthyr Rising.<ref>{{cite web|date=9 July 2022|title=Review: ''Gwrthryfel / Uprising'': An anthology of radical poetry from contemporary Wales|url=https://nation.cymru/culture/review-gwrthryfel-uprising-an-anthology-of-radical-poetry-from-contemporary-wales/|author-last=Atashi|author-first=Shara|access-date=11 August 2023|work=Nation.Cymru}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[List of riots]] |
* [[List of riots]] |
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* [[Trade unions in the United Kingdom]] |
* [[Trade unions in the United Kingdom]] |
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* [[List of massacres in Great Britain]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:1831 in Wales]] |
[[Category:1831 in Wales]] |
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[[Category:1831 riots]] |
[[Category:1831 riots]] |
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[[Category:June 1831 events]] |
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[[Category:Food riots]] |
[[Category:Food riots]] |
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[[Category:Coal in Wales]] |
[[Category:Coal in Wales]] |
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[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Wales]] |
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Wales]] |
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[[Category:Working class in the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne]] |
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[[Category:Mass murder in 1831]] |
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[[Category:1831 murders in the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:19th-century mass murder in the United Kingdom]] |
Latest revision as of 17:23, 16 December 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2013) |
Merthyr Rising | |
---|---|
Date | June 1831 |
Location | Merthyr Tydfil, Wales |
Caused by | Lowering of wages, unemployment |
Casualties | |
Death(s) | c. 24 |
Arrested | 26 |
The Merthyr Rising, also referred to as the Merthyr Riots,[1][2] of 1831 was the violent climax to many years of simmering unrest among the large working class population of Merthyr Tydfil in Wales and the surrounding area. The Rising marked the first times the red flag was used a symbol of working class rebellion in the United Kingdom.[3][4]
Beginnings
[edit]Throughout May 1831 the coal miners and others, who worked for William Crawshay, took to the streets of Merthyr Tydfil, calling for reform, protesting against the lowering of their wages and general unemployment. Gradually the protest spread to nearby industrial towns and villages and by the end of May the whole area was in rebellion, and it is believed that for the first time the red flag of revolution was flown as a symbol of workers' revolt.[5]
Events
[edit]After storming Merthyr town, the rebels sacked the local debtors' court and the goods that had been collected. Account books containing debtors' details were also destroyed. Among the shouts were cries of caws a bara ('cheese and bread') and i lawr â'r Brenin ('down with the king').
On 1 June 1831, the protesters marched to local mines and persuaded the men on shift there to stop working and join their protest. In the meantime, the Grey ministry had ordered in the army, with contingents of the 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot dispatched to Merthyr Tydfil to restore order. Since the crowd was now too large to be dispersed, the soldiers were ordered to protect essential buildings and people.
On 2 June, while local employers and magistrates were holding a meeting with the High Sheriff of Glamorgan at the Castle Inn, a group led by Lewis Lewis (known as Lewsyn yr Heliwr, 'Lewis the hunter') marched there to demand a reduction in the price of bread and an increase in their wages. The demands were rejected, and after being advised to return to their homes, attacked the inn. Engaged by the Sutherland Highlanders, after the rioters seized some of their weapons, the troops were commanded to open fire. After a protracted struggle in which hundreds sustained injury, some fatal, the Highlanders were compelled to withdraw to Penydarren House, and abandon the town to the rioters.
Some 7,000 to 10,000 workers marched under a red flag, which was later adopted internationally as the symbol of communists and socialists. For four days, magistrates and ironmasters were under siege in the Castle Hotel, and the protesters effectively controlled Merthyr.[6]
For eight days, Penydarren House was the sole refuge of authority. With armed insurrection fully in place in the town by 4 June, the rioters had commandeered arms and explosives, set up road-blocks, formed guerrilla detachments, and had banners capped with a symbolic loaf and dyed in blood. Those who had military experience had taken the lead in drilling the armed para-military formation, and created an effective central command and communication system.
This allowed them to control the town and engage the formal military system, including:
- Ambushing the 93rd's baggage-train on the Brecon Road, under escort of 40 of the Glamorgan Yeomanry, and drove them into the Brecon hills.
- Beating off a relief force of 100 cavalry sent from Penydarren House.
- Ambushing and disarming the Swansea Yeomanry on the Swansea Road, and throwing them back in disorder to Neath.
- Organising a mass demonstration against Penydarren House.
Having sent messengers, who had started strikes in Northern Monmouthshire, Neath and Swansea Valleys, the riots reached their peak. However, panic had spread to the family oriented and peaceful town folk, who had now started to flee what was an out-of-control town. With the rioters arranging a mass meeting for Sunday 6th, the government representatives in Penydarren House managed to split the rioters' council. When 450 troops marched to the mass meeting at Waun above Dowlais with levelled weapons, the meeting dispersed and the riots were effectively over.
Outcome
[edit]By 7 June the authorities had regained control of the town through force with up to 24 of the protesters killed.[7] Twenty-six people were arrested and put on trial for taking part in the revolt. Several were sentenced to terms of imprisonment, others sentenced to penal transportation to Australia, and two were sentenced to death by hanging – Lewis Lewis (Lewsyn yr Heliwr) for Robbery and Richard Lewis (Dic Penderyn) for stabbing a soldier (Private Donald Black of the Highland Regiment) in the leg with a seized bayonet.
Lewsyn yr Heliwr's sentence was downgraded to a life sentence and penal transportation to Australia when one of the police officers who had tried to disperse the crowd testified that he had tried to shield him from the rioters. He was transported aboard the vessel John in 1832 and died 6 September 1847 in Port Macquarie, New South Wales.[citation needed]
Following this reprieve, the Grey ministry was determined that at least one rebel should die as an example of what happened to rebels. The people of Merthyr Tydfil were convinced that Richard Lewis (Dic Penderyn) was not responsible for the stabbing, and 11,000 signed a petition demanding his release. The government refused, and Richard Lewis was hanged at Cardiff Market on August 13, 1831.
In 1874, a Congregational minister, the Rev. Evan Evans, said that a man called Ianto Parker had given him a death-bed confession, saying that he had stabbed Donald Black and then fled to America fearing capture by the authorities.[8][9] James Abbott, a hairdresser from Merthyr Tydfil who had testified at Penderyn's trial, later said that he had lied under oath, claiming that he had been instructed to do so by Lord Melbourne.[8]
Legacy
[edit]In 2015, Welsh Labour MP Ann Clwyd presented a petition to the House of Commons calling for Dic Penderyn to be posthumously pardoned, stating that there was "strong feeling in Wales that Richard Lewis - Dic Penderyn - was wrongly executed."[10]
In creative works
[edit]Since 2013, a music festival named after the rising has been held annually in Merthyr to promote working class culture and social justice in arts.[11][12][13] Meic Stevens' song "Dic Penderyn" on his 1972 album Gwymon celebrates Richard Lewis. Radical singer-songwriter David Rovics included a song about the Merthyr Rising, entitled "Cheese and Bread", in the 2018 album Ballad of a Wobbly.[14] The musical "My Land's Shore" by Robert Gould and Christopher J Orton centres on the riots. It was performed at the Bloomsbury Theatre by the University College London Musical Theatre society in February 2022.[15] In 2024, Ferocious Dog released a song titled "Merthyr Rising" in their album Kleptocracy.
In 2015, stylist Charlotte James and photographer Tom Johnson published a series titled Merthyr Rising, showcasing residents of the town.[16][17]
The 2022 poetry anthology Gwrthryfel / Uprising contained two poems about Dic Penderyn and the Merthyr Rising.[18]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Gwyn A Williams (1959). "The Merthyr Riots: Settling the Account". National Library of Wales Journal. XI (2): 124. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ Phil Carradice (25 November 2011). "A history of Welsh protest". BBC Blogs - Wales.
- ^ Reddebrek (31 March 2015). "1831: the Merthyr Rising and Dic Penderyn". LibCom. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ Attard, Joe (2 June 2020). "The Merthyr Rising 1831: rage, rebellion and the red flag". International Marxist Tendency. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ "Dic Penderyn (Richard Lewis)". 100 Welsh Heroes. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015.
- ^ The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press 2008.[page needed]
- ^ "1831: Merthyr Tydfil uprising". libcom.org. Retrieved 2018-10-05.
- ^ a b Sekar, Satish (2012). The Cardiff Five: Innocent Beyond Any Doubt. Waterside Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-904380-76-4.
- ^ Williams, David. "Lewis, Richard ('Dic Penderyn'; 1807/8-1831)". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
- ^ "Dic Penderyn should be pardoned, MPs told in petition". BBC. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ John, Lucy (14 March 2022). "Merthyr Rising 2022 announces line-up for first time since pandemic". Wales Online. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ "Merthyr Rising Festival - About". Merthyr Rising Festival.
- ^ Williams, Logan (25 May 2019). "Keeping the Red Flag Flying". Tribune. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ "Cheese and Bread". Bandcamp.
- ^ "My Land's Shore". University College London. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ Mallon, Steve (3 December 2015). "Merthyr Rising: the spirit of a determined Welsh town". Crack Magazine. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ "Miners to models: Merthyr Tydfil strikes a pose – in pictures". The Guardian. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ Atashi, Shara (9 July 2022). "Review: Gwrthryfel / Uprising: An anthology of radical poetry from contemporary Wales". Nation.Cymru. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
External links
[edit]- Old Merthyr Tydfil: Dic Penderyn and the Merthyr Rising - Historical Photographs and Information Relating to the Merthyr Rising.