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{{short description|Interactive website accessing anatomical data}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2012}}
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{{Infobox website

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| name = Anatomography
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{{Infobox Website
| name = Anatomography
| alexa =
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| logo = [[File:BodyParts3D Anatomography.png|250px|Anatomography logo.]][[File:Screenshot Anatomography en.png|250px|Anatomography screenshot]]
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| alexa =
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| caption =
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| logo = [[File:BodyParts3D Anatomography.png|250px|Anatomography logo.]][[File:Screenshot Anatomography en.png||250px|Anatomography screenshot]]
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| url = [http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/?lng=en lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d]
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| caption =
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| commercial = No
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| url = [http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/?lng=en lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d]
| commercial = No
| type =
| type =
| language = English or [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
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| registration =
| language = English or [[Japanese language|Japanese]]
| owner = Database Center for Life Science
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| registration =
| owner = Database Center for Life Science
| author = Kousaku Okubo
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| launch_date = 2009-02-09<ref name="LAUNCH"/>
| author = Kousaku Okubo
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| content_license = [[File:CC BY-SA icon.svg]]<br />CC-BY-SA 2.1-ja<ref name="CREDIT">[http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/info/userGuide/faq/credit.html FAQs - credit.] (in Japanese) DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref>
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| launch date = 2009-02-09<ref name="LAUNCH"/>
| current_status = Active
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| content_license = [[File:CC-BY-SA icon.svg]]<br />CC-BY-SA 2.1-ja<ref name="CREDIT">[http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/info/userGuide/faq/credit.html FAQs - credit.] (in Japanese) DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref>
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| revenue =
| current status = Active
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| slogan =
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| revenue =
}}
}}
[[File:Introduction to BodyParts3D Anatomography.webm|thumb|Clip gives an overview of the functionality of the Anatomography server.]]
'''Anatomography''' is an interactive website which supports generating anatomical diagrams and animations of the [[human body]]. The Anatomography website is maintained by the DBCLS (Database Center for Life Science) non-profit research institute located at the [[University of Tokyo]]. Anatomical diagrams generated by Anatomography, and 3D polygon data used in the site (called BodyParts3D), is freely available under the [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license]].<ref name="CREDIT"/>
'''[[Anatomography]]''' is an interactive website which supports generating anatomical diagrams and animations of the human body. The Anatomography website is maintained by the DBCLS (Database Center for Life Science) non-profit research institute located at the University of Tokyo. Anatomical diagrams generated by Anatomography, and 3D polygon data used on the website (called BodyParts3D), are freely available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.


==Description==
==Description==
Anatomography was launched on Feb. 9, 2009<ref name="LAUNCH">[http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/info/userGuide/releaseNotes/index.html Release notes] (in Japanese). DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref> by founder and chief director Kousaku Okubo ([[:ja:大久保公策|大久保 公策]]), professor of the [[DNA Data Bank of Japan]] at the [[National Institute of Genetics]].
Anatomography was launched on Feb. 9, 2009<ref name="LAUNCH">[http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/info/userGuide/releaseNotes/index.html Release notes] (in Japanese). DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref> by founder and chief director {{ill|Kousaku Okubo|ja|大久保公策}}, professor of the [[DNA Data Bank of Japan]] at the [[National Institute of Genetics]].


Human body polygon data used in the site is called "'''BodyParts3D'''".<ref name="PMID18835852">{{Cite journal|pmid=18835852|pmc=2686534|year=2009|last1=Mitsuhashi|first1=N|last2=Fujieda|first2=K|last3=Tamura|first3=T|last4=Kawamoto|first4=S|last5=Takagi|first5=T|last6=Okubo|first6=K|title=BodyParts3D: 3D structure database for anatomical concepts|volume=37|issue=Database issue|pages=D782–5|doi=10.1093/nar/gkn613|journal=Nucleic acids research}}{{Open access}}</ref> BodyParts3D polygon data is extracted from full-body [[MRI]] images. The MRI images which BodyParts3D is based on is "TARO". [[Taro (given name)|Taro]] is common given name for males in Japanese, like [[John (given name)|John]] in English. TARO is 2mm * 2mm * 2mm [[voxel]] datasets of the human male created by the [[National Institute of Information and Communications Technology]].<ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=14971769|year=2004|last1=Nagaoka|first1=T|last2=Watanabe|first2=S|last3=Sakurai|first3=K|last4=Kunieda|first4=E|last5=Watanabe|first5=S|last6=Taki|first6=M|last7=Yamanaka|first7=Y|title=Development of realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models of Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight, and application of models to radio-frequency electromagnetic-field dosimetry|volume=49|issue=1|pages=1–15|journal=Physics in medicine and biology}}</ref> TARO was published freely on November, 2004.<ref>[http://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0411/10/news106.html 日本人の数値人体モデルDB「TARO」と「HANAKO」公開 2004/11/10] (in Japanese). ITMedia. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref><ref>[http://www2.nict.go.jp/pub/whatsnew/press/h16/041110-2/041110-2.html 報道発表:日本人平均成人男女の数値人体モデルデータベース公開のお知らせ 2004-11-10] (in Japanese). National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref>
Human body polygon data used in the site are called "'''BodyParts3D'''".<ref name="PMID18835852">{{Cite journal|pmid=18835852|pmc=2686534|year=2009|last1=Mitsuhashi|first1=N|last2=Fujieda|first2=K|last3=Tamura|first3=T|last4=Kawamoto|first4=S|last5=Takagi|first5=T|last6=Okubo|first6=K|title=BodyParts3D: 3D structure database for anatomical concepts|volume=37|issue=Database issue|pages=D782–5|doi=10.1093/nar/gkn613|journal=Nucleic Acids Research}}{{Open access}}</ref> BodyParts3D polygon data are extracted from full-body [[MRI]] images. The MRI image set that BodyParts3D is based on is called "TARO". [[Taro (given name)|Taro]] is a common given name for males in Japanese, as [[John (given name)|John]] is in English. TARO is a 2mm * 2mm * 2mm [[voxel]] dataset of the human male created by the [[National Institute of Information and Communications Technology]].<ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=14971769|year=2004|last1=Nagaoka|first1=T|last2=Watanabe|first2=S|last3=Sakurai|first3=K|last4=Kunieda|first4=E|last5=Watanabe|first5=S|last6=Taki|first6=M|last7=Yamanaka|first7=Y|title=Development of realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models of Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight, and application of models to radio-frequency electromagnetic-field dosimetry|volume=49|issue=1|pages=1–15|journal=Physics in Medicine and Biology|doi=10.1088/0031-9155/49/1/001|bibcode=2004PMB....49....1N}}</ref> TARO was published freely in November, 2004.<ref>[http://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/0411/10/news106.html 日本人の数値人体モデルDB「TARO」と「HANAKO」公開 2004/11/10] (in Japanese). ITMedia. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref><ref>[http://www2.nict.go.jp/pub/whatsnew/press/h16/041110-2/041110-2.html 報道発表:日本人平均成人男女の数値人体モデルデータベース公開のお知らせ 2004-11-10] (in Japanese). National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref>


Construction process of BodyParts3D is as follows.<ref name="PMID18835852"/>
The construction process of BodyParts3D is as follows.<ref name="PMID18835852"/>
* Phase 1: Additional anatomical segmentations were introduced in the original TARO data.
*Phase 1: Additional anatomical segmentations were introduced in the original TARO data.
* Phase 2: Then, missing details were supplemented and blurred contours were clarified using a 3D editing program by referring to textbooks,<ref name="RELEASE3.0">[ftp://ftp.biosciencedbc.jp/archive/bodyparts3d/LATEST/release_3.0_e.html BodyParts3D Release Note (Release 3.0, 2011/6/20)] DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.</ref> atlases and mock-up models by medical illustrators.
*Phase 2: Then, missing details were supplemented and blurred contours were clarified using a 3D editing program by referring to textbooks, atlases,<ref name="RELEASE3.0">[ftp://ftp.biosciencedbc.jp/archive/bodyparts3d/LATEST/release_3.0_e.html BodyParts3D Release Note (Release 3.0, 2011/6/20)]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.</ref> and mock-up models by medical illustrators.
* Phase 3: Further segmentation and data modification will continue in collaboration with clinical researchers until sufficient concept coverage is achieved.
*Phase 3: Further segmentation and data modification will continue in collaboration with clinical researchers until sufficient concept coverage is achieved.


BodyParts3D polygon data is distributed in [[STL (file format)|STL]] and [[VTK]] format. Full data size is 127MB(polygon reduced) or 521MB(high quality) in version 3.0.<ref>[http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/download.html Download - BodyParts3D] DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.</ref> The number of body parts (organs) registered in BodyParts3D is 1,523 at version 3.0.<ref name="RELEASE3.0"/>
BodyParts3D polygon data are distributed in the [[Wavefront .obj file|OBJ]] file format. The entire data file's size is 127 [[Megabyte|MB]] (polygon reduced) and 521 MB (high quality) as of version 3.0.<ref>[http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/download.html Download - BodyParts3D] DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.</ref> The number of body parts (organs) registered in BodyParts3D is 1,523 as of version 3.0.<ref name="RELEASE3.0"/>

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==License==
⚫
Images generated by Anatomography and the polygon data included in BodyParts3D are licensed under the [[Creative Commons license]],<ref name="CREDIT"/> in hope of widening usage and democratizing medical knowledge.<ref name="Mitsuhashi2010"/>

==Funding==
The BodyParts3D/Anatomography project was funded by MEXT (Japanese [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]]) from [[Fiscal year|FY]]2007 to FY2010.<ref>[http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/desc.html BodyParts3D Database Description] Life Science Database Archive. Retrieved 2012-10-19.</ref><ref name="DBCLS_FAQ">[http://dbcls.rois.ac.jp/en/faq FAQ - About the Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130014120/http://dbcls.rois.ac.jp/en/faq |date=2013-01-30 }} DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-19.</ref> As of FY2011, the project has been funded by the JST ([[Japan Science and Technology Agency]]).<ref name="DBCLS_FAQ"/>


==Reception==
==Reception==
Diagrams from Anatomography are used, for example, in Canadian science TV show [[:fr:Le code Chastenay|Le code Chastenay]]<ref>[http://lecodechastenay.telequebec.tv/emission.aspx?id=54 「LE CODE CHASTENAY」Emission 48], 2010-01-19 aired</ref>, Internet encyclopedia [[Wikipedia]], lecture materials at universities, [[Twitter]], and so on.<ref name="Mitsuhashi2010">三橋 信孝、藤枝 香、今井 紫緒、武藤 勇、田村 卓郎、川本 祥子、高木 利久、大久保 公策 [https://symposium.lifesciencedb.jp/godo/wp-content/themes/zenlite/documents/19.pdf 「BodyParts3DとAnatomography: 医学での情報共有を「動機付ける」素材」{{ja icon}}] シンポジウム「ライフサイエンスの未来へ～10年先のデータベースを考える～」/ Nobutaka Mitsuhashi, Kaori Fujieda, Shio Imai, Isamu Muto, Takuro Tamura, Shoko Kawamoto, Toshihisa Takagi and Kousaku Okubo "BodyParts3D and Anatomography: Materials motivating sharing information in medicine" Poster presentation at "Symposium: Toward the Future of Life Science - Thinking Databases of 10 Years Later" held in the University of Tokyo at 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref> About usage of Anatomography on websites like Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons, developers say "spreading of usages by anonymous users on like Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons is what we had expected."<ref name="Mitsuhashi2010"/>
Diagrams from Anatomography are used, for example, in Canadian science TV show [[:fr:Le code Chastenay|Le code Chastenay]],<ref>[http://lecodechastenay.telequebec.tv/emission.aspx?id=54 「LE CODE CHASTENAY」Emission 48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304134325/http://lecodechastenay.telequebec.tv/emission.aspx?id=54 |date=2016-03-04 }}, 2010-01-19 aired</ref> Internet encyclopedia Wikipedia, as lecture material in universities, and elsewhere to share knowledge.<ref name="Mitsuhashi2010">三橋 信孝、藤枝 香、今井 紫緒、武藤 勇、田村 卓郎、川本 祥子、高木 利久、大久保 公策 [https://symposium.lifesciencedb.jp/godo/wp-content/themes/zenlite/documents/19.pdf 「BodyParts3DとAnatomography: 医学での情報共有を「動機付ける」素材」{{in lang|ja}}]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} シンポジウム「ライフサイエンスの未来へ～10年先のデータベースを考える～」/ Nobutaka Mitsuhashi, Kaori Fujieda, Shio Imai, Isamu Muto, Takuro Tamura, Shoko Kawamoto, Toshihisa Takagi and Kousaku Okubo "BodyParts3D and Anatomography: Materials motivating sharing information in medicine" Poster presentation at "Symposium: Toward the Future of Life Science - Thinking Databases of 10 Years Later" held in the University of Tokyo at 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2012-10-12.</ref> About usage of Anatomography on websites like Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons, developers say "spreading of usages by anonymous users on like Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons is what we had expected."<ref name="Mitsuhashi2010"/>


==Technical features==
⚫
==License==
BodyParts3D/Anatomography project uses the [[Foundational Model of Anatomy]] (FMA). The FMA is an open-source anatomical [[Ontology (information science)|ontology]] developed and maintained by the Structural Informatics Group at the [[University of Washington]]. In BodyParts3D, each body-part is managed by an FMA identifier (FMAID) defined by the FMA. For example, the [[vertebral column]] is registered as ''[https://archive.today/20130218184836/http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/ag_annotation.cgi?i=FMA13478&lng=en&t=Conventional&position=rotate FMA13478]'', the [[temporal lobe]] is registered as ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100116/http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/ag_annotation.cgi?i=FMA61825&lng=en&t=Conventional&position=rotate FMA61825]'', and so on.
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Anatomography is licensed under the [[Creative Commons license]].<ref name="CREDIT"/> The reason for this is to widen usage and democratize medical knowledge.<ref name="Mitsuhashi2010"/>


==Version history==
==Version history==
* Version 1.0 (Feb. 9, 2009) <ref name="LAUNCH"/>
*Version 1.0 (Feb. 9, 2009) <ref name="LAUNCH"/>
* Version 2.0 (Apr. 28, 2010)<ref>[http://dbcls.rois.ac.jp/en/archives/163 "BodyParts3D/Anatomography" Updates] Posted on April 28, 2010. DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-16.</ref> The number of body parts is 1,324.<ref>[ftp://ftp.biosciencedbc.jp/archive/bodyparts3d/20100816/release_2.0_e.html BodyParts3D Release Note (Release 2.0, 2010/4/28)] DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.</ref>
*Version 2.0 (Apr. 28, 2010)<ref>[http://dbcls.rois.ac.jp/en/archives/163 "BodyParts3D/Anatomography" Updates] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605012516/http://dbcls.rois.ac.jp/en/archives/163 |date=June 5, 2010 }} Posted on April 28, 2010. DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-16.</ref> Total number of body parts is 1,324.<ref>[ftp://ftp.biosciencedbc.jp/archive/bodyparts3d/20100816/release_2.0_e.html BodyParts3D Release Note (Release 2.0, 2010/4/28)] DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.</ref>
* Version 3.0 (Jun. 20, 2011) The number of body parts is 1,523.<ref name="RELEASE3.0"/>
*Version 3.0 (Jun. 20, 2011) Total number of body parts is 1,523.<ref name="RELEASE3.0"/>
* Version 4.0 (May 16, 2013)<ref>[ftp://ftp.biosciencedbc.jp/archive/bodyparts3d/LATEST/release_4.0_e.html "BodyParts3D Release Notes, v4.0"]. Retrieved 2015-11-18.</ref>

==Similar services==
*[https://www.biodigitalhuman.com BioDigital Human] - Free web service and commercial product provided by [[BioDigital]], Inc. located in New York, New York, US. The BioDigital Human was published in 2011. The web site won a SXSW Interactive Award in 2013.


==Others==
==Others==
Some tutorial videos on using Anatomography are available on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=21803786|pmc=3294242|year=2012|last1=Kawano|first1=S|last2=Ono|first2=H|last3=Takagi|first3=T|last4=Bono|first4=H|title=Tutorial videos of bioinformatics resources: Online distribution trial in Japan named TogoTV|volume=13|issue=2|pages=258–68|doi=10.1093/bib/bbr039|journal=Briefings in bioinformatics}}{{Open access}}</ref>
A few tutorial videos on using Anatomography are available on [[YouTube]],<ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=21803786|pmc=3294242|year=2012|last1=Kawano|first1=S|last2=Ono|first2=H|last3=Takagi|first3=T|last4=Bono|first4=H|title=Tutorial videos of bioinformatics resources: Online distribution trial in Japan named TogoTV|volume=13|issue=2|pages=258–68|doi=10.1093/bib/bbr039|journal=Briefings in Bioinformatics}}{{Open access}}</ref> see [[#External links|external links]].


==Additional images==
==Additional images==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:BodyParts3D ver.2.0.jpg|Bones and muscles.
BodyParts3D ver.2.0.jpg|Bones and muscles.
File:Anatomography rib cage and heart.png|[[Heart]] and its [[blood vessel]]s.
Anatomography rib cage and heart.png|[[Heart]] and its [[blood vessel]]s.
File:Anatomography skull and eyeball.png|[[Skull]] and eyeballs.
Anatomography skull and eyeball.png|[[Skull]] and eyeballs.
File:Frontal lobe animation.gif|Brain and [[frontal lobe]].
Frontal lobe animation.gif|Brain and [[frontal lobe]].
Human right foot bones 3D print.jpg|[[3D printing]] of BodyParts3D foot bone data.
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File:BodyParts3D Blender.png|Downloaded BodyParts3D polygon data, edited with [[Blender]].
Cervical vertebrae from BodyParts3D on MeshLab.png| Painting colors on [[cervical vertebrae]] polygon data, included in BodyParts3D data, using [[MeshLab]].
File:Dr ohkubo.png|Chief director Kousaku Okubo at conference<ref>Conference "Balancing IP Protection and Data Sharing in Science" held at the University of Tokyo, 2009-10-05. [http://symposium.lifesciencedb.jp/IPDS/program "Conference program (partly Japanese, partly English)"]. Okubo's presentation is Japanese just before [[Lawrence Lessig]]'s lecture. Entire video of each lectures are available by clicking links.</ref>
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BodyParts3D Blender.png|Downloaded BodyParts3D polygon data, edited with [[Blender (software)|Blender]].
Dr ohkubo.png|Chief director Kousaku Okubo at University of Tokyo conference.<ref>Conference "Balancing IP Protection and Data Sharing in Science" held at the University of Tokyo, 2009-10-05. [http://symposium.lifesciencedb.jp/IPDS/okubo Okubo's presentation in Japanese] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610053855/http://symposium.lifesciencedb.jp/IPDS/okubo |date=June 10, 2013 }}, just before [[Lawrence Lessig]]'s lecture. Entire videos of each lecture are available on the [http://symposium.lifesciencedb.jp/IPDS/program conference website's program schedule page (partly Japanese, partly English)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204103647/http://symposium.lifesciencedb.jp/IPDS/program |date=February 4, 2013 }}.</ref>
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Human anatomy]]
{{Commons category|Anatomography}}
* [[Human anatomy]]
*[[Open science]]
* [[Open science]]
*[[Open data]]
* [[Open data]]
*[[Science Commons]]
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*[[Democratization of knowledge]]
* [[Science Commons]]
⚫
* [[Democratization of knowledge]]


==References==
==References==
Line 69: Line 79:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/?lng=en Anatomography]
{{Commons category|Anatomography}}
*[http://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/?lng=en Anatomography]
* [http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/download.html BodyParts3D polygon data]
*[http://dbarchive.biosciencedbc.jp/en/bodyparts3d/download.html BodyParts3D polygon data]
* {{YouTube|id=NmQPsJOWj4E|title=Introduction to BodyParts3D / Anatomography}}
*{{YouTube|id=NmQPsJOWj4E|title=Introduction to BodyParts3D / Anatomography}}
* {{YouTube|id=GXjXzYu4IMQ|title=How to use BodyParts3D / Anatomography 2010}}
*{{YouTube|id=GXjXzYu4IMQ|title=How to use BodyParts3D / Anatomography 2010}}
* [http://dbcls.rois.ac.jp/en/ Database Center for Life Science]
*[http://dbcls.rois.ac.jp/en/ Database Center for Life Science]


[[Category:Japanese websites]]
[[Category:Medical databases]]
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[[Category:Open science]]
[[Category:Open data]]
[[Category:Medical websites]]
[[Category:Anatomical simulation]]
[[Category:Anatomical simulation]]
[[Category:Human anatomy]]
[[Category:Japanese science websites]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

⚫
[[Category:Anatomy websites]]
[[he:Anatomography]]
[[ja:アナトモグラフィー]]

Latest revision as of 15:57, 17 December 2024

Anatomography
Anatomography logo.Anatomography screenshot
Available inEnglish or Japanese
OwnerDatabase Center for Life Science
Created byKousaku Okubo
URLlifesciencedb.jp/bp3d
CommercialNo
Launched2009-02-09[1]
Current statusActive
Content license

CC-BY-SA 2.1-ja[2]
Clip gives an overview of the functionality of the Anatomography server.

Anatomography is an interactive website which supports generating anatomical diagrams and animations of the human body. The Anatomography website is maintained by the DBCLS (Database Center for Life Science) non-profit research institute located at the University of Tokyo. Anatomical diagrams generated by Anatomography, and 3D polygon data used on the website (called BodyParts3D), are freely available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.

Description

[edit]

Anatomography was launched on Feb. 9, 2009[1] by founder and chief director Kousaku Okubo [ja], professor of the DNA Data Bank of Japan at the National Institute of Genetics.

Human body polygon data used in the site are called "BodyParts3D".[3] BodyParts3D polygon data are extracted from full-body MRI images. The MRI image set that BodyParts3D is based on is called "TARO". Taro is a common given name for males in Japanese, as John is in English. TARO is a 2mm * 2mm * 2mm voxel dataset of the human male created by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology.[4] TARO was published freely in November, 2004.[5][6]

The construction process of BodyParts3D is as follows.[3]

  • Phase 1: Additional anatomical segmentations were introduced in the original TARO data.
  • Phase 2: Then, missing details were supplemented and blurred contours were clarified using a 3D editing program by referring to textbooks, atlases,[7] and mock-up models by medical illustrators.
  • Phase 3: Further segmentation and data modification will continue in collaboration with clinical researchers until sufficient concept coverage is achieved.

BodyParts3D polygon data are distributed in the OBJ file format. The entire data file's size is 127 MB (polygon reduced) and 521 MB (high quality) as of version 3.0.[8] The number of body parts (organs) registered in BodyParts3D is 1,523 as of version 3.0.[7]

License

[edit]

Images generated by Anatomography and the polygon data included in BodyParts3D are licensed under the Creative Commons license,[2] in hope of widening usage and democratizing medical knowledge.[9]

Funding

[edit]

The BodyParts3D/Anatomography project was funded by MEXT (Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) from FY2007 to FY2010.[10][11] As of FY2011, the project has been funded by the JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency).[11]

Reception

[edit]

Diagrams from Anatomography are used, for example, in Canadian science TV show Le code Chastenay,[12] Internet encyclopedia Wikipedia, as lecture material in universities, and elsewhere to share knowledge.[9] About usage of Anatomography on websites like Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons, developers say "spreading of usages by anonymous users on like Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons is what we had expected."[9]

Technical features

[edit]

BodyParts3D/Anatomography project uses the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA). The FMA is an open-source anatomical ontology developed and maintained by the Structural Informatics Group at the University of Washington. In BodyParts3D, each body-part is managed by an FMA identifier (FMAID) defined by the FMA. For example, the vertebral column is registered as FMA13478, the temporal lobe is registered as FMA61825, and so on.

Version history

[edit]
  • Version 1.0 (Feb. 9, 2009) [1]
  • Version 2.0 (Apr. 28, 2010)[13] Total number of body parts is 1,324.[14]
  • Version 3.0 (Jun. 20, 2011) Total number of body parts is 1,523.[7]
  • Version 4.0 (May 16, 2013)[15]

Similar services

[edit]
  • BioDigital Human - Free web service and commercial product provided by BioDigital, Inc. located in New York, New York, US. The BioDigital Human was published in 2011. The web site won a SXSW Interactive Award in 2013.

Others

[edit]

A few tutorial videos on using Anatomography are available on YouTube,[16] see external links.

Additional images

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Release notes (in Japanese). DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
  2. ^ a b FAQs - credit. (in Japanese) DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
  3. ^ a b Mitsuhashi, N; Fujieda, K; Tamura, T; Kawamoto, S; Takagi, T; Okubo, K (2009). "BodyParts3D: 3D structure database for anatomical concepts". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (Database issue): D782–5. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn613. PMC 2686534. PMID 18835852.Open access icon
  4. ^ Nagaoka, T; Watanabe, S; Sakurai, K; Kunieda, E; Watanabe, S; Taki, M; Yamanaka, Y (2004). "Development of realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models of Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight, and application of models to radio-frequency electromagnetic-field dosimetry". Physics in Medicine and Biology. 49 (1): 1–15. Bibcode:2004PMB....49....1N. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/1/001. PMID 14971769.
  5. ^ 日本人の数値人体モデルDB「TARO」と「HANAKO」公開 2004/11/10 (in Japanese). ITMedia. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
  6. ^ 報道発表:日本人平均成人男女の数値人体モデルデータベース公開のお知らせ 2004-11-10 (in Japanese). National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
  7. ^ a b c BodyParts3D Release Note (Release 3.0, 2011/6/20)[permanent dead link‍] DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
  8. ^ Download - BodyParts3D DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
  9. ^ a b c 三橋 信孝、藤枝 香、今井 紫緒、武藤 勇、田村 卓郎、川本 祥子、高木 利久、大久保 公策 「BodyParts3DとAnatomography: 医学での情報共有を「動機付ける」素材」(in Japanese)[permanent dead link‍] シンポジウム「ライフサイエンスの未来へ～10年先のデータベースを考える～」/ Nobutaka Mitsuhashi, Kaori Fujieda, Shio Imai, Isamu Muto, Takuro Tamura, Shoko Kawamoto, Toshihisa Takagi and Kousaku Okubo "BodyParts3D and Anatomography: Materials motivating sharing information in medicine" Poster presentation at "Symposium: Toward the Future of Life Science - Thinking Databases of 10 Years Later" held in the University of Tokyo at 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
  10. ^ BodyParts3D Database Description Life Science Database Archive. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
  11. ^ a b FAQ - About the Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS) Archived 2013-01-30 at the Wayback Machine DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-19.
  12. ^ 「LE CODE CHASTENAY」Emission 48 Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, 2010-01-19 aired
  13. ^ "BodyParts3D/Anatomography" Updates Archived June 5, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Posted on April 28, 2010. DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  14. ^ BodyParts3D Release Note (Release 2.0, 2010/4/28) DBCLS. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
  15. ^ "BodyParts3D Release Notes, v4.0". Retrieved 2015-11-18.
  16. ^ Kawano, S; Ono, H; Takagi, T; Bono, H (2012). "Tutorial videos of bioinformatics resources: Online distribution trial in Japan named TogoTV". Briefings in Bioinformatics. 13 (2): 258–68. doi:10.1093/bib/bbr039. PMC 3294242. PMID 21803786.Open access icon
  17. ^ Conference "Balancing IP Protection and Data Sharing in Science" held at the University of Tokyo, 2009-10-05. Okubo's presentation in Japanese Archived June 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, just before Lawrence Lessig's lecture. Entire videos of each lecture are available on the conference website's program schedule page (partly Japanese, partly English) Archived February 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
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