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| birth_place = [[Volos]], [[Kingdom of Greece]]
| birth_place = [[Volos]], [[Kingdom of Greece]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1999|7|26|1917|6|16|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1999|7|26|1917|6|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Athens]], Greece
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'''Phaedon Gizikis''' ({{lang-el|Φαίδων Γκιζίκης}} {{IPA-el|ˈfeðon ɟiˈzicis|}}; 16 June 1917 – 26 July 1999) was a Greek army general who was the last [[President of Greece]] under the [[Greek junta|junta]] from 1973 to 1974.
'''Phaedon Gizikis''' ({{langx|el|Φαίδων Γκιζίκης}} {{IPA-el|ˈfeðon ɟiˈzicis|}}; 16 June 1917 – 26 July 1999) was a Greek army general who was the last [[President of Greece]] under the [[Greek junta|junta]] from 1973 to 1974.


== Early life and military career ==
== Early life and military career ==
Born in [[Volos]], Greece, Gizikis was a career [[Hellenic Army]] officer. His service number was 21756.<ref name="ReferenceA">Legislative Decree 238/1973, as published in ΦΕΚ (Government Gazette Issue) Α 315/1973</ref> He graduated from the [[Hellenic Military Academy]] in 1939, achieving the rank of second lieutenant in artillery, and participated in the [[Greco-Italian War]] and the [[Greek Civil War]]. In 1967, he supported the [[Georgios Papadopoulos]] [[1967 Greek coup d'état|coup d'état]] and received a number of senior military posts during [[Greek junta|the dictatorship that followed]].<ref name="sansimera">{{cite web|title=Phaedon Gizikis 1917–1999|url=http://www.sansimera.gr/biographies/845|date=2002|access-date = 30 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ross|first1=Martha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QSQOAQAAMAAJ&q=phaedon+gizikis+1917|title=Rulers and Governments of the World|last2=Spuler|first2=Bertold|publisher=[[R. R. Bowker|Bowker]]|year=1977|isbn=978-0-85935-056-3|page=260|language=en|quote=Phaedon Gizikis (b. Volos 16 Jun 1917)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Phaidon Gizikis - Munzinger Biographie|url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000013849|access-date=2021-05-04|website=www.munzinger.de|publisher=[[Munzinger-Archiv]]|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Clogg|first=Richard|date=2011-10-23|title=Obituary: General Phaedon Gizikis|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-general-phaedon-gizikis-1110723.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-general-phaedon-gizikis-1110723.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-04|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}</ref>
Born in [[Volos]], [[Kingdom of Greece]], Gizikis was a career [[Hellenic Army]] officer. His service number was 21756.<ref name="ReferenceA">Legislative Decree 238/1973, as published in ΦΕΚ (Government Gazette Issue) Α 315/1973</ref> He graduated from the [[Hellenic Military Academy]] in 1939, achieving the rank of second lieutenant in artillery, and participated in the [[Greco-Italian War]] and the [[Greek Civil War]]. In 1967, he supported the [[Georgios Papadopoulos]] [[1967 Greek coup d'état|coup d'état]] and received a number of senior military posts during [[Greek junta|the dictatorship that followed]].<ref name="sansimera">{{cite web|title=Phaedon Gizikis 1917–1999|url=http://www.sansimera.gr/biographies/845|date=2002|access-date = 30 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ross|first1=Martha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QSQOAQAAMAAJ&q=phaedon+gizikis+1917|title=Rulers and Governments of the World|last2=Spuler|first2=Bertold|publisher=[[R. R. Bowker|Bowker]]|year=1977|isbn=978-0-85935-056-3|page=260|language=en|quote=Phaedon Gizikis (b. Volos 16 Jun 1917)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Phaidon Gizikis - Munzinger Biographie|url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000013849|access-date=2021-05-04|website=www.munzinger.de|publisher=[[Munzinger-Archiv]]|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Clogg|first=Richard|date=2011-10-23|title=Obituary: General Phaedon Gizikis|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-general-phaedon-gizikis-1110723.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-general-phaedon-gizikis-1110723.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-04|website=[[The Independent]]|language=en}}</ref>


== Later life ==
== Later life ==
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[[Category:Hellenic Army generals]]
[[Category:Hellenic Army generals]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]
[[Category:Presidents of Greece]]
[[Category:People from Volos]]
[[Category:People from Volos]]
[[Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned]]
[[Category:Heads of government who were later imprisoned]]

Latest revision as of 16:26, 17 December 2024

Phaedon Gizikis
Φαίδων Γκιζίκης
Gizikis in 1968
President of Greece
In office
25 November 1973 (1973-11-25) – 17 December 1974 (1974-12-17)
Appointed byDimitrios Ioannidis
Prime MinisterAdamantios Androutsopoulos Konstantinos Karamanlis
Preceded byGeorgios Papadopoulos
Succeeded byMichail Stasinopoulos
Personal details
Born(1917-06-16)16 June 1917
Volos, Kingdom of Greece
Died26 July 1999(1999-07-26) (aged 82)
Athens, Greece
Alma materHellenic Military Academy
Awards Gold Cross of Valour
Grand Commander of the Order of George I
Grand Commander of the Order of the Phoenix
War Cross
Medal of Military Merit
Military service
Allegiance
Branch/service Hellenic Army
Years of service1939–1974
Rank General
Battles/warsWorld War II Greek Civil War
1967 Greek coup d'état

Phaedon Gizikis (Greek: Φαίδων Γκιζίκης [ˈfeðon ɟiˈzicis]; 16 June 1917 – 26 July 1999) was a Greek army general who was the last President of Greece under the junta from 1973 to 1974.

Early life and military career

[edit]

Born in Volos, Kingdom of Greece, Gizikis was a career Hellenic Army officer. His service number was 21756.[1] He graduated from the Hellenic Military Academy in 1939, achieving the rank of second lieutenant in artillery, and participated in the Greco-Italian War and the Greek Civil War. In 1967, he supported the Georgios Papadopoulos coup d'état and received a number of senior military posts during the dictatorship that followed.[2][3][4][5]

Later life

[edit]

He was given the title of President of the Republic on 25 November 1973, after Papadopoulos was ousted by Dimitrios Ioannidis as head of the regime in an internal power struggle.[6] Three days later, he was promoted to full General (Strategos), a decision he signed himself.[1] While serving as president, following the supported coup in Cyprus, he would detract from open confrontation with Turkish forces during the invasion of Cyprus. Ioannidis would later blame Gizikis and other hesitant leaders as the reason for the Greek loss.[7] As president he gave the task of forming a new government, following the collapse of the Junta, to Constantine Karamanlis.[8] After the fall of the dictatorship in 1974, he retained his post for four months pro tempore, until a new constitution could be enacted during metapolitefsi; he was then replaced by Michail Stasinopoulos.

Gizikis retired from the army in 1974, on the same day he resigned from his position as head of state. In 1976, a military judicial council dropped proceedings against him and 88 other former officers charged with treason and mutiny for collaborating with the former junta.[2]

He died on 26 July 1999 at the NIMTS military hospital in Athens, just one month after his predecessor, Georgios Papadopoulos.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Legislative Decree 238/1973, as published in ΦΕΚ (Government Gazette Issue) Α 315/1973
  2. ^ a b "Phaedon Gizikis 1917–1999". 2002. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  3. ^ Ross, Martha; Spuler, Bertold (1977). Rulers and Governments of the World. Bowker. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-85935-056-3. Phaedon Gizikis (b. Volos 16 Jun 1917)
  4. ^ "Phaidon Gizikis - Munzinger Biographie". www.munzinger.de (in German). Munzinger-Archiv. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  5. ^ Clogg, Richard (23 October 2011). "Obituary: General Phaedon Gizikis". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  6. ^ Ferrari, Antonio (30 April 2016). "Alekos, Oriana Fallaci e la storia d'amore spezzata quarant'anni fa". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  7. ^ "Dimitris Ioannidis The end of the "invisible dictator"". To Vima (in Greek). 17 August 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
  8. ^ "L'ultimo referendum in Grecia". Il Post (in Italian). 3 July 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  9. ^ Pace, Eric. "Phaidon Gizikis, '73 Greek Junta Officer, 82." The New York Times 30 July 1999
Political offices
Preceded by President of Greece
25 November 1973 – 17 December 1974 		Succeeded by


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