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| leader_title = Organization
| leader_title = Organization
| leader_name = [[Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation]]
| leader_name = [[Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation]]
| website = {{URL|http://issf.sa/en/|issf.sa}}
| website = {{Official URL}}
| remarks =
| remarks =
}}
}}


The '''Islamic Solidarity Games''' ({{lang-ar|ألعاب التضامن الإسلامي}}) is a multinational, [[multi-sport event]]. Managed jointly by the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC) and [[Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation]] (ISSF),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://issf.sa/en/ |title=Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation |last=designthemes|website=issf.sa |language=en-US |access-date=2017-05-05 }}</ref> the Games involve elite athletes of the OIC competing in a variety of sports. The most recent edition was held in [[Konya]], Turkey, in [[2021 Islamic Solidarity Games|2022]]. The next edition will take place in [[2025 Islamic Solidarity Games|2025]] in [[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia.
The '''Islamic Solidarity Games''' ({{langx|ar|ألعاب التضامن الإسلامي}}) is a multinational, [[multi-sport event]]. Managed jointly by the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC) and [[Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation]] (ISSF),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://issf.sa/en/ |title=Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation |last=designthemes |website=issf.sa |language=en-US |access-date=2017-05-05 |archive-date=2018-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104095849/http://issf.sa/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the Games involve elite athletes of the OIC competing in a variety of sports. The most recent edition was held in [[Konya]], Turkey, in [[2021 Islamic Solidarity Games|2022]]. The next edition will take place in [[2025 Islamic Solidarity Games|2025]] in [[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia.


== Background ==
== Background ==
The Solidarity Games were established to strengthen Islamic camaraderie and reinforce the values of Islam, primarily to the youth.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Amara |first=Mahfoud |date=2008 |title=The Muslim World in the Global Sporting Arena |journal=Brown Journal of World Affairs |volume=XIV |pages=2 |via=Academic Search Complete}}</ref> The ISSF strives to improve Islamic solidarity, promote Islamic identity in sports and help reduce discrimination toward Muslims.<ref name=":0" />
The Solidarity Games were established to strengthen Islamic camaraderie and reinforce the values of Islam, primarily to the youth.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Amara |first=Mahfoud |date=2008 |title=The Muslim World in the Global Sporting Arena |journal=Brown Journal of World Affairs |volume=XIV |pages=2 |via=Academic Search Complete}}</ref> The ISSF strives to improve Islamic solidarity, promote Islamic identity in sports and help reduce discrimination toward Muslims.<ref name=":0" />


There are currently 57 members of the OIC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islamic Solidarity Games |url=http://www.topendsports.com/events/games/islamic/index.htm |access-date=2017-05-05 |website=www.topendsports.com |language=en}}</ref> Non-Muslim citizens from member countries are also allowed to take part in the Games. It was said{{By whom|date=May 2024}} to have the largest amount of competitors for a sporting event aside from the [[Olympic Games]].'''<ref name=":0" />''' With the level of political fragmentation, the deficiencies in economic development in many Muslim countries, and the financial cost of the Islamic Solidarity games, the longevity of the games is an on-going challenge.<ref name=":0" />
There are currently 57 members of the OIC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islamic Solidarity Games |url=http://www.topendsports.com/events/games/islamic/index.htm |access-date=2017-05-05 |website=www.topendsports.com |language=en |archive-date=2018-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063555/http://www.topendsports.com/events/games/islamic/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Non-Muslim citizens from member countries are also allowed to take part in the Games.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/what-are-the-islamic-solidarity-games-and-what-makes-them-significant-59632|title=What are the Islamic Solidarity Games and what makes them significant?|agency=TRT World|year=2022}}</ref> With the level of political fragmentation, the deficiencies in economic development in many Muslim countries, and the financial cost of the Islamic Solidarity games, the longevity of the games is an on-going challenge.<ref name=":0" />


==History==
==History==
The original idea for the Solidarity Games came from [[Faisal bin Fahd Al Saud (1945–1999)|Prince Faisal bin Fahd bin Abdulaziz]], during the Third Islamic Summit in 1981.'''<ref name=":0" />''' The first Solidarity Games were held in 2005 in [[Saudi Arabia]]. In 2005, the games were male-only with 7,000 athletes from fifty-four countries competing in thirteen different sports.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/the-islamic-games-love-friendship-and-humility-5344089.html|title=The Islamic Games: 'Love, friendship and humility'|date=2005-04-10|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref> Women are now{{When|date=May 2024}} allowed to participate in the games, but compete on different days than men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turan.az/ext/news/2017/5/free/analytics/en/117859.htm|title=The problem Islamic Solidarity Games begin in Baku|date=May 11, 2017|website=Turan Information Agency}}</ref>
The original idea for the Solidarity Games came from [[Faisal bin Fahd Al Saud (1945–1999)|Prince Faisal bin Fahd bin Abdulaziz]], during the Third Islamic Summit in 1981.'''<ref name=":0" />''' The first Solidarity Games were held in 2005 in [[Saudi Arabia]]. In 2005, the games were male-only with 7,000 athletes from fifty-four countries competing in thirteen different sports.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/the-islamic-games-love-friendship-and-humility-5344089.html|title=The Islamic Games: 'Love, friendship and humility'|date=2005-04-10|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2019-11-10|archive-date=2019-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110003246/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/the-islamic-games-love-friendship-and-humility-5344089.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2010 women are{{When|date=May 2024}} allowed to participate in the games, but compete on different days than men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://turan.az/ext/news/2017/5/free/analytics/en/117859.htm|title=The problem Islamic Solidarity Games begin in Baku|date=May 11, 2017|website=Turan Information Agency|access-date=November 10, 2019|archive-date=November 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110183021/http://turan.az/ext/news/2017/5/free/analytics/en/117859.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>


The second Games were originally scheduled to take place in October 2009 in [[Iran]], later rescheduled for April 2010, and ultimately canceled after a dispute arose between Iran and the [[Arab World]] over the use of the term "[[Persian Gulf]]" in logos for the Games, as some countries in the Arab world use the term "Arabian Gulf" instead. [[Persian Gulf naming dispute|Dispute over the name]] has been a recurring source of disharmony between Arab states and Iran.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |last2= |date=2010-01-17 |title=Islamic Solidarity Games cancelled after gulf row divides nations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/17/islamic-solidarity-games-cancelled |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>
The second Games were originally scheduled to take place in October 2009 in [[Iran]], later rescheduled for April 2010, and ultimately canceled after a dispute arose between Iran and the [[Arab World]] over the use of the term "[[Persian Gulf]]" in logos for the Games, as some countries in the Arab world use the term "Arabian Gulf" instead. [[Persian Gulf naming dispute|Dispute over the name]] has been a recurring source of disharmony between Arab states and Iran.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |last2= |date=2010-01-17 |title=Islamic Solidarity Games cancelled after gulf row divides nations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/17/islamic-solidarity-games-cancelled |access-date=2024-04-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |agency=Associated Press |archive-date=2020-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122174536/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/17/islamic-solidarity-games-cancelled |url-status=live }}</ref>


The fourth edition took place in [[Baku]] on 12–22 May 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/baku-wins-the-2017-islamic-solidarity-games-hosting-bid.aspx?pageID=238&nid=51561&NewsCatID=371|title= Baku wins the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games hosting bid|publisher=[[Hürriyet Daily News]]|access-date=29 July 2013| date=29 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baku2017.com/en|title=Baku 2017|website=www.baku2017.com|access-date=2017-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622015706/https://www.baku2017.com/en|archive-date=2017-06-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The fourth edition took place in [[Baku]] on 12–22 May 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/baku-wins-the-2017-islamic-solidarity-games-hosting-bid.aspx?pageID=238&nid=51561&NewsCatID=371|title=Baku wins the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games hosting bid|publisher=[[Hürriyet Daily News]]|access-date=29 July 2013|date=29 July 2013|archive-date=30 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030173059/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/baku-wins-the-2017-islamic-solidarity-games-hosting-bid.aspx?pageID=238&nID=51561&NewsCatID=371|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baku2017.com/en|title=Baku 2017|website=www.baku2017.com|access-date=2017-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622015706/https://www.baku2017.com/en|archive-date=2017-06-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>


[[File:5. Islamic Solidarity Games 2021 Konya opening ceremony 20220809 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Opening ceremony of the [[2021 Islamic Solidarity Games]] in [[Konya]], Turkey]]‌The [[2021 Islamic Solidarity Games]] were the fifth edition of the event. It was the first time that the event was organised by the [[Turkish Olympic Committee]]. Scheduled to take place in 2021, the event was postponed to be held in 2022, because the original dates were coinciding with the [[2020 Summer Olympics]], which were postponed [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports|due to the COVID-19 pandemic]].
[[File:5. Islamic Solidarity Games 2021 Konya opening ceremony 20220809 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Opening ceremony of the [[2021 Islamic Solidarity Games]] in [[Konya]], Turkey]]‌The [[2021 Islamic Solidarity Games]] were the fifth edition of the event. It was the first time that the event was organised by the [[Turkish Olympic Committee]]. Scheduled to take place in 2021, the event was postponed to be held in 2022 due to the [[Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports|COVID-19 pandemic]].


The [[2025 Islamic Solidarity Games]] will be the first to be a single country multiple times. The elected host city, [[Riyadh]], is the capital of [[Saudi Arabia]].
The [[2025 Islamic Solidarity Games]] will be the first held to be a single country more than once. The elected host city, [[Riyadh]], is the capital of [[Saudi Arabia]]. Originally, it was speculated that [[Yaoundé]], the capital of Cameroon, would host the event, but it was later moved to Riyadh for unclear reasons.


==Editions==
==Editions==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
|-
!Games
!Games
Line 60: Line 58:
|align=left|[[Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]
|align=left|[[Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]
|55<ref name=":1" />
|55<ref name=":1" />
|7000<ref name=":1" />
|'''7,000'''<ref name=":1" />
|15
|15
|108
|108
| {{KSA}}
|{{KSA}}
|-
|-
|[[2010 Islamic Solidarity Games|II]]
|[[2010 Islamic Solidarity Games|II]]
|2010
|2010
|{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]]
|{{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]]
|align=center colspan=7|''Cancelled''{{efn|Originally scheduled for 2009, and later re-scheduled for 2010, was cancelled after a dispute arose between Iran and the Arab countries.}}
|align=center colspan=7|''Canceled''{{efn|Originally scheduled for 2009, and later re-scheduled for 2010, was cancelled after a dispute arose between Iran and the Arab countries.}}
|-
|-
|[[2013 Islamic Solidarity Games|III]]
|[[2013 Islamic Solidarity Games|III]]
Line 75: Line 73:
|22{{nbsp}}September{{nbsp}}– 1{{nbsp}}October
|22{{nbsp}}September{{nbsp}}– 1{{nbsp}}October
|[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|57
|'''57'''
|1,769
|1769
|13
|13
|183
|183
Line 87: Line 85:
|[[Ilham Aliyev]]
|[[Ilham Aliyev]]
|54
|54
|6,000
|6000
|21
|'''21'''
|268
|268
|{{AZE}}
|{{AZE}}
Line 98: Line 96:
|align=left|[[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]
|align=left|[[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]
|55
|55
|4,200
|4200
|19
|19
|380
|'''380'''
|{{TUR}}
|{{TUR}}
|-
|-
|[[2025 Islamic Solidarity Games|VI]]
|[[2025 Islamic Solidarity Games|VI]]
|2025
|2025
|{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyadh]] {{efn|In April 2021, it was announced that the 2025 Games will take place in Cameroon. However, on May 2024 the ISSF has made Riyadh hosts of the edition.}}
|{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Riyadh]] {{efn|In April 2021, it was announced that the 2025 games would take place in [[Cameroon]]. However, in May 2024, the ISSF announced that Riyadh would be the hosts of this edition.}}
|6–15 August
|6–15 August 2025
|align=center colspan=6| ''Future event''
|align=center colspan=6| ''Future event''
|}
|}
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}


{{Location map+ |World |width=800 |float=center |caption=Islamic Solidarity Games hosts |places=
{{Location map+ | Afro-Eurasia |width=550 |float=center |caption=Islamic Solidarity Games hosts |places=
{{Location map~ |World |marksize=5 |lat=21.422 |long=39.826 |label=[[2005 Islamic Solidarity Games|2005]] |position=left }}
{{Location map~ | Afro-Eurasia |marksize=5 |lat=21.422 |long=39.826 |label=[[2005 Islamic Solidarity Games|2005]] |position=left }}
{{Location map~ |World |marksize=5 |lat=35.6961 |long=51.4231 |label=[[2010 Islamic Solidarity Games|2010]] |position=bottom }}
{{Location map~ | Afro-Eurasia |marksize=5 |lat=35.6961 |long=51.4231 |label=[[2010 Islamic Solidarity Games|2010]] |position=bottom }}
{{Location map~ |World |marksize=5 |lat=-2.9861 |long=104.7556 |label=[[2013 Islamic Solidarity Games|2013]] |position=left }}
{{Location map~ | Afro-Eurasia |marksize=5 |lat=-2.9861 |long=104.7556 |label=[[2013 Islamic Solidarity Games|2013]] |position=left }}
{{Location map~ |World |marksize=5 |lat=40.3953 |long=49.8822 |label=[[2017 Islamic Solidarity Games|2017]] |position=top }}
{{Location map~ | Afro-Eurasia |marksize=5 |lat=40.3953 |long=49.8822 |label=[[2017 Islamic Solidarity Games|2017]] |position=top }}
{{Location map~ |World |marksize=5 |lat=37.8666 |long=32.4833 |label=[[2021 Islamic Solidarity Games|2022]] |position=left }}
{{Location map~ | Afro-Eurasia |marksize=5 |lat=37.8666 |long=32.4833 |label=[[2021 Islamic Solidarity Games|2022]] |position=left }}
{{Location map~ |World |marksize=5 |lat=24.774 |long=46.738 |label=''[[2025 Islamic Solidarity Games|2025]]'' |position=right }}
{{Location map~ | Afro-Eurasia |marksize=5 |lat=24.774 |long=46.738 |label=''[[2025 Islamic Solidarity Games|2025]]'' |position=right }}
}}
}}


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* [[Taekwondo]] (since 2005){{Nbsp}}– [[Taekwondo at the Islamic Solidarity Games|at the Islamic Solidarity Games]]
* [[Taekwondo]] (since 2005){{Nbsp}}– [[Taekwondo at the Islamic Solidarity Games|at the Islamic Solidarity Games]]
* [[Tennis]] (since 2005)
* [[Tennis]] (since 2005)
* [[Volleyball]] (since 2005)
* [[Volleyball]] (since 2005){{Nbsp}}– [[Volleyball at the Islamic Solidarity Games|at the Islamic Solidarity Games]]
* [[Water polo]] (since 2005)
* [[Water polo]] (since 2005)
* [[Weightlifting]] (since 2005){{Nbsp}}– [[Weightlifting at the Islamic Solidarity Games|at the Islamic Solidarity Games]]
* [[Weightlifting]] (since 2005){{Nbsp}}– [[Weightlifting at the Islamic Solidarity Games|at the Islamic Solidarity Games]]
Line 231: Line 229:


{{Islamic Solidarity Games}}
{{Islamic Solidarity Games}}
{{Nations at the Islamic Solidarity Games}}
{{Sports at the Islamic Solidarity Games}}
{{Sports at the Islamic Solidarity Games}}
{{International multi-sport events}}
{{International multi-sport events}}

Revision as of 16:36, 17 December 2024

Islamic Solidarity Games
ألعاب التضامن الإسلامي
First event2005 Islamic Solidarity Games in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Occur everyFour years
Last event2021 Islamic Solidarity Games in Konya, Turkey
Next event2025 Islamic Solidarity Games in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
PurposeMulti-sport event for member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
HeadquartersRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
OrganizationIslamic Solidarity Sports Federation
Websiteissf.sa Edit this at Wikidata

The Islamic Solidarity Games (Arabic: ألعاب التضامن الإسلامي) is a multinational, multi-sport event. Managed jointly by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF),[1] the Games involve elite athletes of the OIC competing in a variety of sports. The most recent edition was held in Konya, Turkey, in 2022. The next edition will take place in 2025 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background

The Solidarity Games were established to strengthen Islamic camaraderie and reinforce the values of Islam, primarily to the youth.[2] The ISSF strives to improve Islamic solidarity, promote Islamic identity in sports and help reduce discrimination toward Muslims.[2]

There are currently 57 members of the OIC.[3] Non-Muslim citizens from member countries are also allowed to take part in the Games.[4] With the level of political fragmentation, the deficiencies in economic development in many Muslim countries, and the financial cost of the Islamic Solidarity games, the longevity of the games is an on-going challenge.[2]

History

The original idea for the Solidarity Games came from Prince Faisal bin Fahd bin Abdulaziz, during the Third Islamic Summit in 1981.[2] The first Solidarity Games were held in 2005 in Saudi Arabia. In 2005, the games were male-only with 7,000 athletes from fifty-four countries competing in thirteen different sports.[5] Since 2010 women are[when?] allowed to participate in the games, but compete on different days than men.[6]

The second Games were originally scheduled to take place in October 2009 in Iran, later rescheduled for April 2010, and ultimately canceled after a dispute arose between Iran and the Arab World over the use of the term "Persian Gulf" in logos for the Games, as some countries in the Arab world use the term "Arabian Gulf" instead. Dispute over the name has been a recurring source of disharmony between Arab states and Iran.[7]

The fourth edition took place in Baku on 12–22 May 2017.[8][9]

Opening ceremony of the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games in Konya, Turkey

‌The 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games were the fifth edition of the event. It was the first time that the event was organised by the Turkish Olympic Committee. Scheduled to take place in 2021, the event was postponed to be held in 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The 2025 Islamic Solidarity Games will be the first held to be a single country more than once. The elected host city, Riyadh, is the capital of Saudi Arabia. Originally, it was speculated that Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon, would host the event, but it was later moved to Riyadh for unclear reasons.

Editions

Games Year Host Dates Opened by Nations Competitors Sports Events Top nation
I 2005 Saudi Arabia Mecca 8–20 April Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 55[5] 7,000[5] 15 108  Saudi Arabia
II 2010 Iran Tehran Canceled[a]
III 2013 Indonesia Palembang 22 September – 1 October Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 57 1,769 13 183  Indonesia
IV 2017 Azerbaijan Baku 12–22 May Ilham Aliyev 54 6,000 21 268  Azerbaijan
V 2021[b] Turkey Konya 9–18 August 2022 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 55 4,200 19 380  Turkey
VI 2025 Saudi Arabia Riyadh [c] 6–15 August 2025 Future event
  1. ^ Originally scheduled for 2009, and later re-scheduled for 2010, was cancelled after a dispute arose between Iran and the Arab countries.
  2. ^ Originally scheduled for 2021, the Games were postponed by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the event was still referred to as the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games to preserve the 4-year cycle.
  3. ^ In April 2021, it was announced that the 2025 games would take place in Cameroon. However, in May 2024, the ISSF announced that Riyadh would be the hosts of this edition.
class=notpageimage|
Islamic Solidarity Games hosts

Sports

28 sports have been presented in the Islamic Solidarity Games.

Current sports

Previous sports

Medal count

All-time Islamic Solidarity Games medal table (as of 2021)
RankteamGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Turkey (TUR)237207199643
2 Iran (IRI)11897106321
3 Azerbaijan (AZE)1149985298
4 Uzbekistan (UZB)665896220
5 Indonesia (INA)567888222
6 Egypt (EGY)465149146
7 Kazakhstan (KAZ)423656134
8 Morocco (MAR)403868146
9 Saudi Arabia (KSA)373341111
10 Malaysia (MAS)33234197
11 Bahrain (BHR)23131551
12 Algeria (ALG)224065127
13 Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)14152756
14 Iraq (IRQ)13171343
15 Qatar (QAT)881430
16 Jordan (JOR)862236
17 Kuwait (KUW)7171034
18 Turkmenistan (TKM)7102845
19 Syria (SYR)751426
20 Oman (OMA)471122
21 Tunisia (TUN)442937
22 Cameroon (CMR)391224
23 United Arab Emirates (UAE)361423
24 Nigeria (NGR)36211
25 Pakistan (PAK)331016
26 Gambia (GAM)3104
27 Uganda (UGA)26311
28 Senegal (SEN)241521
29 Sudan (SUD)1539
30 Tajikistan (TJK)14914
31 Bangladesh (BAN)1348
32 Djibouti (DJI)1337
33 Ivory Coast (CIV)11810
34 Libya (LBA)1168
35 Burkina Faso (BUR)1124
 Oman (OMN)1124
37 Guinea-Bissau (GBS)1012
 Mozambique (MOZ)1012
 Niger (NIG)1012
40 Guyana (GUY)0336
41 Yemen (YEM)0167
42 Lebanon (LBN)0134
43 Palestine (PLE)0123
 Suriname (SUR)0123
45 Albania (ALB)0101
 Brunei (BRU)0101
 Guinea (GUI)0101
 Mali (MLI)0101
 Togo (TOG)0101
50 Afghanistan (AFG)0077
51 Benin (BEN)0011
 Maldives (MDV)0011
 Sierra Leone (SLE)0011
Totals (53 entries)9369281,1993,063

See also

References

  1. ^ designthemes. "Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation". issf.sa. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
  2. ^ a b c d Amara, Mahfoud (2008). "The Muslim World in the Global Sporting Arena". Brown Journal of World Affairs. XIV: 2 – via Academic Search Complete.
  3. ^ "Islamic Solidarity Games". www.topendsports.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
  4. ^ "What are the Islamic Solidarity Games and what makes them significant?". TRT World. 2022.
  5. ^ a b c "The Islamic Games: 'Love, friendship and humility'". The Independent. 2005-04-10. Archived from the original on 2019-11-10. Retrieved 2019-11-10.
  6. ^ "The problem Islamic Solidarity Games begin in Baku". Turan Information Agency. May 11, 2017. Archived from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  7. ^ "Islamic Solidarity Games cancelled after gulf row divides nations". The Guardian. Associated Press. 2010-01-17. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-11-22. Retrieved 2024-04-18.
  8. ^ "Baku wins the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games hosting bid". Hürriyet Daily News. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  9. ^ "Baku 2017". www.baku2017.com. Archived from the original on 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
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