Al-Nabigha: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Pre-Islamic Arabian poet}} |
{{Short description|Pre-Islamic Arabian poet}} |
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{{Infobox poet |
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| ⚫ | '''Al-Nābighah''' ({{lang|ar| النابغة الذبياني}}), '''al-Nābighah al-Dhubiyānī''', or '''Nābighah al-Dhubyānī'''; real name '''Ziyad ibn Muawiyah''' ({{circa|535|604}}); was one of the last [[Arabic poetry| |
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| name = Al-Nabigha |
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| birth_date = c. 535 |
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| birth_place = Near [[Mecca]], [[Arabia]] |
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| death_date = c. 604 |
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| occupation = Poet |
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| language = Arabic |
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| nationality = Arabian |
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| ⚫ | '''Al-Nābighah''' ({{lang|ar| النابغة الذبياني}}), '''al-Nābighah al-Dhubiyānī''', or '''Nābighah al-Dhubyānī'''; real name '''Ziyad ibn Muawiyah''' ({{circa|535|604}}); was one of the last [[Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry|pre-Islamic Arabian poets]]. "Al-Nabigha" means [[genius]] or [[intelligent]] in Arabic. |
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== Biography == |
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His tribe, the [[Banu Dhubyan]], belonged to the district near [[Mecca]], but he spent most of his time at the [[Lakhmid kingdom|Lakhmid court]] of [[al-Hirah]] and the court of the [[Ghassanids]]. In al-Hirah, he remained under [[al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith]], and then his successor in 562.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Nābigha Dhubyānī|volume=19|page=147|first=Griffithes Wheeler |last=Thatcher}}</ref> |
His tribe, the [[Banu Dhubyan]], belonged to the district near [[Mecca]], but he spent most of his time at the [[Lakhmid kingdom|Lakhmid court]] of [[al-Hirah]] and the court of the [[Ghassanids]]. In al-Hirah, he remained under [[al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith]], and then his successor in 562.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Nābigha Dhubyānī|volume=19|page=147|first=Griffithes Wheeler |last=Thatcher}}</ref> |
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After a sojourn at the court of Ghassan, he returned to al-Hirah under [[al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir]]. Owing to his verses written about the Queen he was compelled to flee to Ghassan, but returned ca., 600. When Numan died five years later he withdrew to his own tribe.<ref name="EB1911"/> |
After a sojourn at the court of Ghassan, he returned to al-Hirah under [[al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir]]. Owing to his verses written about the Queen he was compelled to flee to Ghassan, but returned ca., 600. When Numan died five years later he withdrew to his own tribe.<ref name="EB1911"/> |
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His date of death is uncertain, but seems to predate Islam. His poems consist largely of eulogies and satires, and are concerned with the strife of Hirah and Ghassan, and of the [[Banu Abs]] and the Banu Dhubyan. He is one of the six eminent pre-Islamic poets whose poems were collected before the middle of the 2nd century of Islam, and have been regarded as the standard of Arabic poetry; some writers consider him the first of the six.<ref name="EB1911"/> |
His date of death is uncertain, but seems to predate Islam. His poems consist largely of eulogies and satires, and are concerned with the strife of Hirah and Ghassan, and of the [[Banu Abs]] and the Banu Dhubyan. He is one of the six eminent pre-Islamic poets whose poems were collected before the middle of the 2nd century of Islam, and have been regarded as the standard of Arabic poetry; some writers consider him the first of the six.<ref name="EB1911"/> |
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== Religious beliefs == |
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The religious beliefs of Al-Nabighah are unclear, but he appears to be represented as some sort of [[Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia|monotheist]]. Al-Nabighah regularly praises, in religious terms, the Christian [[Ghassanids]], for example: "God has arranged for him [the king] the best creation; He [God] is his [king’s] helper over/against the humankind". The following Arabic phrase occurs concerning the Ghassanids: ''majallatuhum dhātu l-ilāhi''. Though the meaning is disputed, Nicolai Sinai and Ilkka Lindstedt both have interpreted it in relation to the Ghassanids possessing some sort of scripture or book bestowed upon them by God (which may or may not refer to the [[New Testament]]).{{Sfn|Lindstedt|2023|p=111–113}} |
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== Editions of poetry == |
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His poems were edited by [[Wilhelm Ahlwardt]] in the ''Diwans of the Six Ancient Arabic Poets'' (London, 1870), and separately by [[Hartwig Derenbourg]] (Paris, 1869, a reprint from the ''Journal asiatique'' for 1868).<ref name="EB1911"/> |
His poems were edited by [[Wilhelm Ahlwardt]] in the ''Diwans of the Six Ancient Arabic Poets'' (London, 1870), and separately by [[Hartwig Derenbourg]] (Paris, 1869, a reprint from the ''Journal asiatique'' for 1868).<ref name="EB1911"/> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Qasida]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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=== Citations === |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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=== Sources === |
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* {{Cite book |last=Lindstedt |first=Ilkka |title=Muhammad and His Followers in Context: The Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia |date=2023 |publisher=Brill}} |
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{{Arabic literature}} |
{{Arabic literature}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}} |
{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nabigha}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nabigha}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:530s births]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:600s deaths]] |
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[[Category:Arab Christians in Mesopotamia]] |
[[Category:Arab Christians in Mesopotamia]] |
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[[Category:6th-century Arabic poets]] |
[[Category:6th-century Arabic-language poets]] |
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[[Category:Ghatafan]] |
[[Category:Ghatafan]] |
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{{MEast-poet-stub}} |
{{MEast-poet-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 19:26, 17 December 2024
Al-Nabigha | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 535 Near Mecca, Arabia |
| Died | c. 604 |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Language | Arabic |
| Nationality | Arabian |
Al-Nābighah (النابغة الذبياني), al-Nābighah al-Dhubiyānī, or Nābighah al-Dhubyānī; real name Ziyad ibn Muawiyah (c. 535 – c. 604); was one of the last pre-Islamic Arabian poets. "Al-Nabigha" means genius or intelligent in Arabic.
Biography
[edit]His tribe, the Banu Dhubyan, belonged to the district near Mecca, but he spent most of his time at the Lakhmid court of al-Hirah and the court of the Ghassanids. In al-Hirah, he remained under al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith, and then his successor in 562.[1]
After a sojourn at the court of Ghassan, he returned to al-Hirah under al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir. Owing to his verses written about the Queen he was compelled to flee to Ghassan, but returned ca., 600. When Numan died five years later he withdrew to his own tribe.[1]
His date of death is uncertain, but seems to predate Islam. His poems consist largely of eulogies and satires, and are concerned with the strife of Hirah and Ghassan, and of the Banu Abs and the Banu Dhubyan. He is one of the six eminent pre-Islamic poets whose poems were collected before the middle of the 2nd century of Islam, and have been regarded as the standard of Arabic poetry; some writers consider him the first of the six.[1]
Religious beliefs
[edit]The religious beliefs of Al-Nabighah are unclear, but he appears to be represented as some sort of monotheist. Al-Nabighah regularly praises, in religious terms, the Christian Ghassanids, for example: "God has arranged for him [the king] the best creation; He [God] is his [king’s] helper over/against the humankind". The following Arabic phrase occurs concerning the Ghassanids: majallatuhum dhātu l-ilāhi. Though the meaning is disputed, Nicolai Sinai and Ilkka Lindstedt both have interpreted it in relation to the Ghassanids possessing some sort of scripture or book bestowed upon them by God (which may or may not refer to the New Testament).[2]
Editions of poetry
[edit]His poems were edited by Wilhelm Ahlwardt in the Diwans of the Six Ancient Arabic Poets (London, 1870), and separately by Hartwig Derenbourg (Paris, 1869, a reprint from the Journal asiatique for 1868).[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler (1911). "Nābigha Dhubyānī". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
- ^ Lindstedt 2023, p. 111–113.
Sources
[edit]- Lindstedt, Ilkka (2023). Muhammad and His Followers in Context: The Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia. Brill.
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