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{{Short description|Pre-Islamic Arabian poet}}
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'''Al-Nabigha''' ([[Arabic]]: النابغة الذبياني / ''al-Nābighah al-Dhubiyānī''; real name '''Ziyad ibn Muawiyah'''; c. 535 – c. 604), was one of the last [[Arabian]] [[poets]] of pre-[[Islamic]] times. "Al-Nabigha" means "[[genius]]" in [[Arabic]].
{{Infobox poet
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| name = Al-Nabigha
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = c. 535
| birth_place = Near [[Mecca]], [[Arabia]]
| death_date = c. 604
| death_place =
| occupation = Poet
| language = Arabic
| nationality = Arabian
| notableworks =
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
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}}


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'''Al-Nābighah''' ({{lang|ar| النابغة الذبياني}}), '''al-Nābighah al-Dhubiyānī''', or '''Nābighah al-Dhubyānī'''; real name '''Ziyad ibn Muawiyah''' ({{circa|535|604}}); was one of the last [[Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry|pre-Islamic Arabian poets]]. "Al-Nabigha" means [[genius]] or [[intelligent]] in Arabic.
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His tribe, the [[Banu Dhubyan]], belonged to the district near [[Mecca]], but he himself spent most of his time at the courts of [[Al-Hirah|Hirah]] and [[Ghassanids|Ghassan]]. In [[Hira (city)|Hira]] he remained under [[al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith|Mundhir III]], and under his successor in 562.


== Biography ==
After a sojourn at the court of Ghassan, he returned to Hirah under [[Numan III]]. He was, however, compelled to flee to Ghassan, owing to some verses he had written on the queen, but returned again about 600. When Numan died some five years later he withdrew to his own tribe, where he became known as Elias from the land of Bishara ( ذؤّوب الياس من أرض البشارة) (as described by al Maqrizi).
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His tribe, the [[Banu Dhubyan]], belonged to the district near [[Mecca]], but he spent most of his time at the [[Lakhmid kingdom|Lakhmid court]] of [[al-Hirah]] and the court of the [[Ghassanids]]. In al-Hirah, he remained under [[al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith]], and then his successor in 562.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Nābigha Dhubyānī|volume=19|page=147|first=Griffithes Wheeler |last=Thatcher}}</ref>


After a sojourn at the court of Ghassan, he returned to al-Hirah under [[al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir]]. Owing to his verses written about the Queen he was compelled to flee to Ghassan, but returned ca., 600. When Numan died five years later he withdrew to his own tribe.<ref name="EB1911"/>
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The date of his death is uncertain, but he does not seem to have known Islam. His poems consist largely of eulogies and satires, and are concerned with the strife of Hirah and Ghassan, and of the [[Banu Abs]] and the Banu Dhubyan. He is one of the six eminent pre-Islamic poets whose poems were collected before the middle of the 2nd century of Islam, and have been regarded as the standard of [[Arabic poetry]], these poets have written long poems comparable to epic poems, these poems were known as Mo`allakat معلقات since they were hung on the walls of the Kaaba for every one to admire and read . Some writers consider him the first of the six. Al-Nabigha is also known to be the person who gave the poet [[Al-Khansa]] her name.


⚫
His date of death is uncertain, but seems to predate Islam. His poems consist largely of eulogies and satires, and are concerned with the strife of Hirah and Ghassan, and of the [[Banu Abs]] and the Banu Dhubyan. He is one of the six eminent pre-Islamic poets whose poems were collected before the middle of the 2nd century of Islam, and have been regarded as the standard of Arabic poetry; some writers consider him the first of the six.<ref name="EB1911"/>
⚫
His poems have been edited by [[Wilhelm Ahlwardt]] in the ''Diwans of the six ancient Arabic Poets'' (London, 1870), and separately by [[H. Derenbourg]] (Paris, 1869, new edition from the ''Journal asiatique'' for 1868).

== Religious beliefs ==
The religious beliefs of Al-Nabighah are unclear, but he appears to be represented as some sort of [[Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia|monotheist]]. Al-Nabighah regularly praises, in religious terms, the Christian [[Ghassanids]], for example: "God has arranged for him [the king] the best creation; He [God] is his [king’s] helper over/against the humankind". The following Arabic phrase occurs concerning the Ghassanids: ''majallatuhum dhātu l-ilāhi''. Though the meaning is disputed, Nicolai Sinai and Ilkka Lindstedt both have interpreted it in relation to the Ghassanids possessing some sort of scripture or book bestowed upon them by God (which may or may not refer to the [[New Testament]]).{{Sfn|Lindstedt|2023|p=111–113}}

== Editions of poetry ==
⚫
His poems were edited by [[Wilhelm Ahlwardt]] in the ''Diwans of the Six Ancient Arabic Poets'' (London, 1870), and separately by [[Hartwig Derenbourg]] (Paris, 1869, a reprint from the ''Journal asiatique'' for 1868).<ref name="EB1911"/>

== See also ==

* [[Qasida]]


==References==
==References==
*{{1911}}
*http://www.1911ency.org/N/NA/NABOB.htm


=== Citations ===
{{Authority control|VIAF=102392752|LCCN=nr/91/19695|GND=118866184}}
{{reflist}}
{{Persondata

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| NAME = Al-Nabigha
=== Sources ===
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =

| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Poet
* {{Cite book |last=Lindstedt |first=Ilkka |title=Muhammad and His Followers in Context: The Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia |date=2023 |publisher=Brill}}
| DATE OF BIRTH = 535
{{Arabic literature}}
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
{{Authority control}}
| DATE OF DEATH = 604

| PLACE OF DEATH =
{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}}
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}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Al-Nabigha}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nabigha}}
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[[Category:535 births]]
[[Category:604 deaths]]
[[Category:530s births]]
[[Category:Arab Christians]]
[[Category:600s deaths]]
[[Category:6th-century poets]]
[[Category:Arab Christians in Mesopotamia]]
[[Category:Pre-Islamic Arabian poets]]
[[Category:6th-century Arabic-language poets]]
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[[Category:Ghatafan]]




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Latest revision as of 19:26, 17 December 2024

Al-Nabigha
Bornc. 535
Near Mecca, Arabia
Diedc. 604
OccupationPoet
LanguageArabic
NationalityArabian

Al-Nābighah (النابغة الذبياني), al-Nābighah al-Dhubiyānī, or Nābighah al-Dhubyānī; real name Ziyad ibn Muawiyah (c. 535 – c. 604); was one of the last pre-Islamic Arabian poets. "Al-Nabigha" means genius or intelligent in Arabic.

Biography

[edit]

His tribe, the Banu Dhubyan, belonged to the district near Mecca, but he spent most of his time at the Lakhmid court of al-Hirah and the court of the Ghassanids. In al-Hirah, he remained under al-Mundhir III ibn al-Harith, and then his successor in 562.[1]

After a sojourn at the court of Ghassan, he returned to al-Hirah under al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir. Owing to his verses written about the Queen he was compelled to flee to Ghassan, but returned ca., 600. When Numan died five years later he withdrew to his own tribe.[1]

His date of death is uncertain, but seems to predate Islam. His poems consist largely of eulogies and satires, and are concerned with the strife of Hirah and Ghassan, and of the Banu Abs and the Banu Dhubyan. He is one of the six eminent pre-Islamic poets whose poems were collected before the middle of the 2nd century of Islam, and have been regarded as the standard of Arabic poetry; some writers consider him the first of the six.[1]

Religious beliefs

[edit]

The religious beliefs of Al-Nabighah are unclear, but he appears to be represented as some sort of monotheist. Al-Nabighah regularly praises, in religious terms, the Christian Ghassanids, for example: "God has arranged for him [the king] the best creation; He [God] is his [king’s] helper over/against the humankind". The following Arabic phrase occurs concerning the Ghassanids: majallatuhum dhātu l-ilāhi. Though the meaning is disputed, Nicolai Sinai and Ilkka Lindstedt both have interpreted it in relation to the Ghassanids possessing some sort of scripture or book bestowed upon them by God (which may or may not refer to the New Testament).[2]

Editions of poetry

[edit]

His poems were edited by Wilhelm Ahlwardt in the Diwans of the Six Ancient Arabic Poets (London, 1870), and separately by Hartwig Derenbourg (Paris, 1869, a reprint from the Journal asiatique for 1868).[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler (1911). "Nābigha Dhubyānī". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
  2. ^ Lindstedt 2023, p. 111–113.

Sources

[edit]
  • Lindstedt, Ilkka (2023). Muhammad and His Followers in Context: The Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia. Brill.


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