Flag of Sri Lanka: Difference between revisions
Henry Flower (talk | contribs) After Sinhalese (red) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
|||
(19 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description| |
{{short description|none}} |
||
{{See also|List of Sri Lankan flags}} |
|||
{{Use Sri Lankan English|date=August 2023}} |
{{Use Sri Lankan English|date=August 2023}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} |
||
Line 61: | Line 60: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''[[flag]] of [[Sri Lanka]]''' ({{ |
The '''[[flag]] of [[Sri Lanka]]''' ({{langx|si|ශ්රී ලංකාවේ ජාතික කොඩිය|translit=Sri Lankave jathika kodiya}}; {{langx|ta|இலங்கையின் தேசியக்கொடி|translit=Ilankaiyin teciyakkoṭi}}), also called the '''''Sinha'' Flag''' or '''Lion Flag''', consists of a [[Gold (color)|golden]] [[lion]] holding a [[kastane|''kastane'' sword]] in its right fore-paw in a [[maroon]] background with four gold [[Bo tree|bo]] leaves, one in each corner. This is bordered by gold, and to its left are two vertical stripes of equal size in [[teal]] and [[Orange (color)|orange]], with the orange stripe closest to the lion. The lion and the maroon background represent the [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese race]], while the saffron border and four bo leaves represent the concepts of ''[[mettā|meththa]]'', ''[[karuṇā]]'', ''[[Mudita|muditā]]'' and ''[[Upeksha|upecka]]'' respectively. The stripes represent the country's two largest minority ethnicities, with the orange representing the Tamils inhabitants—namely the [[Sri Lankan Tamils]] and the [[Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka]]—and the teal stripe representing the [[Sri Lankan Moors]] ([[Islam in Sri Lanka|Muslims of Sri Lanka]]). The golden yellow border is a catch-all representing the various minority communities of the country. |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
As depicted on a mural in Cave no. 2 at [[Dambulla cave temple|Dambulla Viharaya]], King [[Dutugemunu]] on his campaign against [[Ellalan]] |
As depicted on a mural in Cave no. 2 at [[Dambulla cave temple|Dambulla Viharaya]], King [[Dutugemunu]] on his campaign against [[Ellalan]] (an invading South Indian ruler in 162 BC) is depicted with a banner containing a lion figure carrying a sword in its right forepaw, a symbol of the Sun and one of the Moon.<ref>{{cite book | last=Seneviratna | first=Anuradha | title=Golden Rock Temple of Dambulla: Caves of infinite Buddhas | publisher=Central Cultural Fund | year=1983 | page=9}}</ref> This flag was known as the only ancient representation of the lion flag of the Sinhalese but in 1957, the lion figure on it was defaced by a vandal.<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of archaeology in Ceylon|publisher=Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, New Series (Vol XIII)|last=Godakumbura|first=C.E.|date=1969|pages=36|language=en|quote=We all agree with Deraniyagala when he considers that the defacing of the lion depicted upon Dutugemunu's flag in the famous Dambulla frescoes as a national loss. This, so far as we know, is the only ancient representation of the lion-flag of the Sinhalese.}}</ref> |
||
This basic design continued to be in use until 1815, when the [[Kandyan Convention]] ended the reign of the country's last native monarch, [[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]], replacing his royal standard (used as the Flag of the [[Kandyan Kingdom|Kingdom of Kandy]]) with the [[Union Flag]] as the nation's accepted flag.<ref name="sundaytimes">{{cite news|title=The Sri Lankan National Flag|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/180204/funday-times/the-sri-lankan-national-flag-279417.html|access-date=27 April 2018|agency=The Sunday Times|publisher=sundaytimes.lk|date=4 February 2018}}</ref> The government of [[British Ceylon]] later established its own flag, while Sri Vikrama Rajasinha's standard was taken to England and kept at the [[Royal Hospital Chelsea]].<ref name="sundaytimes"/> |
This basic design continued to be in use until 1815, when the [[Kandyan Convention]] ended the reign of the country's last native monarch, [[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]], replacing his royal standard (used as the Flag of the [[Kandyan Kingdom|Kingdom of Kandy]]) with the [[Union Flag]] as the nation's accepted flag.<ref name="sundaytimes">{{cite news|title=The Sri Lankan National Flag|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/180204/funday-times/the-sri-lankan-national-flag-279417.html|access-date=27 April 2018|agency=The Sunday Times|publisher=sundaytimes.lk|date=4 February 2018}}</ref> The government of [[British Ceylon]] later established its own flag, while Sri Vikrama Rajasinha's standard was taken to England and kept at the [[Royal Hospital Chelsea]].<ref name="sundaytimes"/> |
||
Line 70: | Line 69: | ||
As the independence movement in Sri Lanka gained strength in the early 20th century, [[E. W. Perera]] and [[D. R. Wijewardena]] discovered the original Lioness Flag in Chelsea.<ref name="sundaytimes"/> A photo of it was published in ''[[Dinamina]]'', in a special edition marking a century since the loss of self-rule and Sri Lankan independence.<ref name="sundaytimes"/> The flag provoked much interest from the public who, for the first time since the fall of the Kandyan Kingdom, had seen its actual design.<ref name="sundaytimes"/> |
As the independence movement in Sri Lanka gained strength in the early 20th century, [[E. W. Perera]] and [[D. R. Wijewardena]] discovered the original Lioness Flag in Chelsea.<ref name="sundaytimes"/> A photo of it was published in ''[[Dinamina]]'', in a special edition marking a century since the loss of self-rule and Sri Lankan independence.<ref name="sundaytimes"/> The flag provoked much interest from the public who, for the first time since the fall of the Kandyan Kingdom, had seen its actual design.<ref name="sundaytimes"/> |
||
Member of Parliament for [[Batticaloa]], [[Ahamed Lebbe Sinne Lebbe|Mudaliyar A. Sinnalebbe]], suggested in Parliament on January 16, 1948, that the Lion Flag should be accepted as the national flag.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2004/02/04/ind09.html|title=The proposer of the lion flag: Mudlr. Sinnalebbe|newspaper=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News]]|date=4 February 2004|access-date=12 January 2018}}</ref> In 1948, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the Dominion of Ceylon, undergoing two changes: one in 1953 and a redesign in 1972.<ref name="sundaytimes"/> A notable feature of 1972 |
Member of Parliament for [[Batticaloa]], [[Ahamed Lebbe Sinne Lebbe|Mudaliyar A. Sinnalebbe]], suggested in Parliament on January 16, 1948, that the Lion Flag should be accepted as the national flag.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2004/02/04/ind09.html|title=The proposer of the lion flag: Mudlr. Sinnalebbe|newspaper=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News]]|date=4 February 2004|access-date=12 January 2018}}</ref> In 1948, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the Dominion of Ceylon, undergoing two changes: one in 1953 and a redesign in 1972.<ref name="sundaytimes"/> A notable feature of the 1972 adaptation of the Kandyan standard was the replacement of the four spearheads at the flag's corners by four [[ficus religiosa|bo leaves]], a design choice made under the direction of [[Nissanka Wijeyeratne]], Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Cultural Affairs and Chairman of the National Emblem and Flag Design Committee.<ref name="sundaytimes"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://flaggenlexikon.de/fsrilank.htm |title=Sri Lanka (Ceylon) |access-date=2003-09-07 |author=Volker Preuß|language=de}}</ref> |
||
===Monarchical Sri Lanka=== |
|||
<gallery class="center" caption="Historical flags of Sri Lanka" widths="150px" heights="80px"> |
<gallery class="center" caption="Historical flags of Sri Lanka" widths="150px" heights="80px"> |
||
Image:Flag of Dutthagamani.png|{{FIAV|historical|}}<small>Flag of [[Dutugamunu]], [[Anuradhapura period]]</small> |
Image:Flag of Dutthagamani.png|{{FIAV|historical|}}<small>Flag of [[Dutugamunu]], [[Anuradhapura period]]</small> |
||
Line 81: | Line 80: | ||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
||
===British Ceylon period=== |
|||
<gallery class="center" caption="Historical flags of Sri Lanka" widths="150px" heights="80px"> |
<gallery class="center" caption="Historical flags of Sri Lanka" widths="150px" heights="80px"> |
||
Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|{{FIAV|historical|}}<small>Flag of [[British Ceylon]], 1815–1875</small> |
Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|{{FIAV|historical|}}<small>Flag of [[British Ceylon]], 1815–1875</small> |
||
Line 87: | Line 86: | ||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
||
===Sri Lanka (since 1948)=== |
|||
<gallery class="center" caption="Historical flags of Sri Lanka" widths="150px" heights="80px"> |
<gallery class="center" caption="Historical flags of Sri Lanka" widths="150px" heights="80px"> |
||
Image:Flag of Ceylon (1948–1951).svg|{{FIAV|historical|}}<small>Flag of the [[Dominion of Ceylon]], 1948–1951</small> |
Image:Flag of Ceylon (1948–1951).svg|{{FIAV|historical|}}<small>Flag of the [[Dominion of Ceylon]], 1948–1951</small> |
||
Line 94: | Line 93: | ||
==Symbolism== |
==Symbolism== |
||
According to the Buddhist [[Mahāvaṃsa|Mahavamsa]] chronicle, the Sinhala Buddhists are descended from Prince Vijaya, whose father [[Sinhabahu]] was the son of a lion and a human princess. This myth is reflected in the national flag, with its lion symbolizing the Sinhala race.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sriskanda Rajah |first=A. R. |title=Tamil nationalism in Sri Lanka: counter-history as war after the Tamil Tigers |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-003-30167-7 |series=Routledge contemporary South Asia series |location=London New York |pages=53-59}}</ref> |
|||
⚫ | The national flag of Sri Lanka represents the country and its heritage as a rallying device. Most symbols in the flag have been given distinctive meanings.<ref>{{cite web|title=National symbols of Sri Lanka|url=http://www.labour.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=192%3Anational-symbols-of-sri-lanka&catid=69%3Asri-lanka-facts&lang=en|website=gov.lk|publisher=Government of Sri Lanka|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Karunarathne|first1=Waruni|title=Controversy Over Flag At Demo|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2015/04/26/controversy-over-flag-at-demo/|access-date=27 April 2018|agency=Sunday Leader|publisher=thesundayleader.lk|date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326043703/http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2015/04/26/controversy-over-flag-at-demo/|archive-date=26 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
{|width="70%" class="wikitable" style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:left; margin:1em auto;" |
|||
⚫ | The national flag of Sri Lanka represents the country and its heritage as a rallying device. Most symbols in the flag have been given distinctive meanings.<ref>{{cite web|title=National symbols of Sri Lanka|url=http://www.labour.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=192%3Anational-symbols-of-sri-lanka&catid=69%3Asri-lanka-facts&lang=en|website=gov.lk|publisher=Government of Sri Lanka|access-date=27 April 2018|archive-date=28 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428093704/http://www.labour.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=192%3Anational-symbols-of-sri-lanka&catid=69%3Asri-lanka-facts&lang=en|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Karunarathne|first1=Waruni|title=Controversy Over Flag At Demo|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2015/04/26/controversy-over-flag-at-demo/|access-date=27 April 2018|agency=Sunday Leader|publisher=thesundayleader.lk|date=27 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326043703/http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2015/04/26/controversy-over-flag-at-demo/|archive-date=26 March 2016}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|||
{|class="wikitable" |
|||
!width="30%" height="40px" text align="center"| Symbol |
|||
!Symbol |
|||
! |
!width=450|Represents |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|The Lion |
|The Lion |
||
Line 119: | Line 119: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
|The handle of the sword |
|The handle of the sword |
||
|The elements of water, fire, air and earth |
|The [[classical elements]] of water, fire, air and earth |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|The nose of the lion |
|The nose of the lion |
||
Line 145: | Line 145: | ||
==Colours== |
==Colours== |
||
The colors of the national flag are specified in the document "SLS 1: 2020: Specification for the National Flag of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka".<ref>{{cite web |title=SLS 1:2020 |url=http://www.slsi.lk/images/Advertisements/Natinal_Flag/SRI_LANKA_STANDARD_1_2020-min.pdf |publisher=Sri Lanka Standards Institute |access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref> |
The colors of the national flag are specified in the document "SLS 1: 2020: Specification for the National Flag of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka".<ref>{{cite web |title=SLS 1:2020 |url=http://www.slsi.lk/images/Advertisements/Natinal_Flag/SRI_LANKA_STANDARD_1_2020-min.pdf |publisher=Sri Lanka Standards Institute |access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref> |
||
{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" |
||
|- |
|||
! [[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|40px]]<br/>Colours scheme |
! [[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|40px]]<br/>Colours scheme |
||
!style="background:#F7B718"| Yellow |
!style="background:#F7B718"| Yellow |
||
!style="background:#941E32"| Maroon |
!style="background:#941E32; color:#FFFFFF;"| Maroon |
||
!style="background:#DF7500"| Orange |
!style="background:#DF7500"| Orange |
||
!style="background:#005F56"| Teal |
!style="background:#005F56; color:#FFFFFF;"| Teal |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[CMYK]] || 0-26-90-3 || 0-80-66-42 || 0-48-100-13 || 100-0-9-63 |
| [[CMYK]] || 0-26-90-3 || 0-80-66-42 || 0-48-100-13 || 100-0-9-63 |
||
Line 180: | Line 179: | ||
Jayanthi Kuru Utumpala waving the Sri Lankan flag on the summit of Mount Everest on 21st May 2016 (cropped).jpg|Mountaineer [[Jayanthi Kuru-Utumpala]] with Sri Lankan flag atop [[Mount Everest]] |
Jayanthi Kuru Utumpala waving the Sri Lankan flag on the summit of Mount Everest on 21st May 2016 (cropped).jpg|Mountaineer [[Jayanthi Kuru-Utumpala]] with Sri Lankan flag atop [[Mount Everest]] |
||
Vertical Sri Lankan flag near Muzium Negara.jpg|Hung vertically, along a street in [[Malaysia]] |
Vertical Sri Lankan flag near Muzium Negara.jpg|Hung vertically, along a street in [[Malaysia]] |
||
King Street Flags - geograph.org.uk - 3082585.jpg|Displayed along other flags |
King Street Flags - geograph.org.uk - 3082585.jpg|Displayed along other flags during the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] in [[Westminster|London]] |
||
Flag of Sri Lanka.jpg|Used at a sports event |
Flag of Sri Lanka.jpg|Used at a sports event |
||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
Latest revision as of 20:28, 17 December 2024
Sinha Flag Lion Flag | |
Use | Civil and state flag, civil ensign |
---|---|
Proportion | 1:2 |
Adopted | 22 May 1972 |
Design | A golden field with two panels: the smaller hoist-side panel has only two vertical bands of teal and orange and the larger fly-side panel is the maroon field depicting the golden lion holding a kastane sword in its right fore paw in the center and four bo tree (bodhi tree) leaves on each corner, and the golden field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends in between the two panels, all bordering together. |
Use | Auxiliary ensign used by merchant ship commanded by reserve naval officer |
Proportion | 1:2 |
Adopted | 1972 |
Design | A blue field with the flag of Sri Lanka in the canton. |
Use | President's Colour |
Proportion | 1:2 |
Adopted | 1972 |
Design | A defaced flag of Sri Lanka with the Emblem of Sri Lanka |
Use | Naval ensign |
Proportion | 1:2 |
Adopted | 1972 |
Design | A white field with the flag of Sri Lanka in the canton. |
Use | Civil ensign |
Proportion | 1:2 |
Adopted | 1972 |
Design | A red field with the flag of Sri Lanka in the canton. |
Use | Air Force ensign |
Proportion | 1:2 |
Adopted | 2010 |
Design | A defaced sky-blue ensign with the flag of Sri Lanka in the canton and Air Force roundel. |
The flag of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකාවේ ජාතික කොඩිය, romanized: Sri Lankave jathika kodiya; Tamil: இலங்கையின் தேசியக்கொடி, romanized: Ilankaiyin teciyakkoṭi), also called the Sinha Flag or Lion Flag, consists of a golden lion holding a kastane sword in its right fore-paw in a maroon background with four gold bo leaves, one in each corner. This is bordered by gold, and to its left are two vertical stripes of equal size in teal and orange, with the orange stripe closest to the lion. The lion and the maroon background represent the Sinhalese race, while the saffron border and four bo leaves represent the concepts of meththa, karuṇā, muditā and upecka respectively. The stripes represent the country's two largest minority ethnicities, with the orange representing the Tamils inhabitants—namely the Sri Lankan Tamils and the Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka—and the teal stripe representing the Sri Lankan Moors (Muslims of Sri Lanka). The golden yellow border is a catch-all representing the various minority communities of the country.
History
[edit]As depicted on a mural in Cave no. 2 at Dambulla Viharaya, King Dutugemunu on his campaign against Ellalan (an invading South Indian ruler in 162 BC) is depicted with a banner containing a lion figure carrying a sword in its right forepaw, a symbol of the Sun and one of the Moon.[1] This flag was known as the only ancient representation of the lion flag of the Sinhalese but in 1957, the lion figure on it was defaced by a vandal.[2]
This basic design continued to be in use until 1815, when the Kandyan Convention ended the reign of the country's last native monarch, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, replacing his royal standard (used as the Flag of the Kingdom of Kandy) with the Union Flag as the nation's accepted flag.[3] The government of British Ceylon later established its own flag, while Sri Vikrama Rajasinha's standard was taken to England and kept at the Royal Hospital Chelsea.[3]
As the independence movement in Sri Lanka gained strength in the early 20th century, E. W. Perera and D. R. Wijewardena discovered the original Lioness Flag in Chelsea.[3] A photo of it was published in Dinamina, in a special edition marking a century since the loss of self-rule and Sri Lankan independence.[3] The flag provoked much interest from the public who, for the first time since the fall of the Kandyan Kingdom, had seen its actual design.[3]
Member of Parliament for Batticaloa, Mudaliyar A. Sinnalebbe, suggested in Parliament on January 16, 1948, that the Lion Flag should be accepted as the national flag.[4] In 1948, the flag was adopted as the national flag of the Dominion of Ceylon, undergoing two changes: one in 1953 and a redesign in 1972.[3] A notable feature of the 1972 adaptation of the Kandyan standard was the replacement of the four spearheads at the flag's corners by four bo leaves, a design choice made under the direction of Nissanka Wijeyeratne, Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Cultural Affairs and Chairman of the National Emblem and Flag Design Committee.[3][5]
Monarchical Sri Lanka
[edit]British Ceylon period
[edit]-
Flag of British Ceylon, 1815–1875
Sri Lanka (since 1948)
[edit]-
Flag of the Dominion of Ceylon, 1948–1951
Symbolism
[edit]According to the Buddhist Mahavamsa chronicle, the Sinhala Buddhists are descended from Prince Vijaya, whose father Sinhabahu was the son of a lion and a human princess. This myth is reflected in the national flag, with its lion symbolizing the Sinhala race.[6]
The national flag of Sri Lanka represents the country and its heritage as a rallying device. Most symbols in the flag have been given distinctive meanings.[7][8]
Symbol | Represents |
---|---|
The Lion | The Sinhala ethnicity and the strength of the nation |
The bo leaves | The four Buddhist virtues of loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity |
The sword of the lion | The sovereignty of the nation |
The curly hair on the lion's head | Religious observance, wisdom and meditation |
The eight hairs on the lion's tail | The Noble Eightfold Path |
The beard of the lion | Purity of words |
The handle of the sword | The classical elements of water, fire, air and earth |
The nose of the lion | Intelligence |
The two front paws of the lion | Purity in handling wealth |
Orange stripe | The Tamil ethnicity (including the Hill Country Tamils of Indian ancestry) |
Teal stripe | The Moor ethnicity |
Saffron border | Buddhism and unity among the people |
The maroon background | The Sinhala ethnicity |
The golden yellow border | Other minority communities of Sri Lanka, such as the Malays, the Burghers, the Indigenous Veddas, the Kaffirs and, the Sri Lankan Chinese, who migrated to Sri Lanka during the 17th–19th centuries. |
Colours
[edit]The colors of the national flag are specified in the document "SLS 1: 2020: Specification for the National Flag of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka".[9]
Colours scheme |
Yellow | Maroon | Orange | Teal |
---|---|---|---|---|
CMYK | 0-26-90-3 | 0-80-66-42 | 0-48-100-13 | 100-0-9-63 |
HEX | #F7B718 | #941E32 | #DF7500 | #005F56 |
RGB | 247-183-24 | 148-30-50 | 223-117-0 | 0-95-86 |
Pantone | 14-0957 TCX | 19-1863 TCX | 16-1164 TCX | 18-5322 TCX |
Gallery
[edit]-
Flown at the Embassy in Warsaw
-
Displayed outside a stadium, in Leeds, UK
-
Mountaineer Jayanthi Kuru-Utumpala with Sri Lankan flag atop Mount Everest
-
Hung vertically, along a street in Malaysia
-
Displayed along other flags during the 2012 Summer Olympics in London
-
Used at a sports event
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Seneviratna, Anuradha (1983). Golden Rock Temple of Dambulla: Caves of infinite Buddhas. Central Cultural Fund. p. 9.
- ^ Godakumbura, C.E. (1969). History of archaeology in Ceylon. Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, New Series (Vol XIII). p. 36.
We all agree with Deraniyagala when he considers that the defacing of the lion depicted upon Dutugemunu's flag in the famous Dambulla frescoes as a national loss. This, so far as we know, is the only ancient representation of the lion-flag of the Sinhalese.
- ^ a b c d e f g "The Sri Lankan National Flag". sundaytimes.lk. The Sunday Times. 4 February 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "The proposer of the lion flag: Mudlr. Sinnalebbe". Daily News. 4 February 2004. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
- ^ Volker Preuß. "Sri Lanka (Ceylon)" (in German). Retrieved 7 September 2003.
- ^ Sriskanda Rajah, A. R. (2023). Tamil nationalism in Sri Lanka: counter-history as war after the Tamil Tigers. Routledge contemporary South Asia series. London New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 53–59. ISBN 978-1-003-30167-7.
- ^ "National symbols of Sri Lanka". gov.lk. Government of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Karunarathne, Waruni (27 April 2015). "Controversy Over Flag At Demo". thesundayleader.lk. Sunday Leader. Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "SLS 1:2020" (PDF). Sri Lanka Standards Institute. Retrieved 7 April 2022.