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{{Short description|Governorate of Iraq}}
{{Short description|Governorate of Iraq}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Nineveh Governorate
| official_name = Nineveh Governorate
| native_name = {{native name|ar|محافظة نينوى}}
| native_name = {{native name|ar|محافظة نينوى}}
| settlement_type = [[Governorates of Iraq|Governorate]]
| settlement_type = [[Governorates of Iraq|Governorate]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = مدينة الموصل.jpg
| photo1a = مدينة الموصل.jpg
| photo2a =
| photo2a =
Line 19: Line 19:
• The river's gate {{br}}[[Mosul Museum]] • Heritage house
• The river's gate {{br}}[[Mosul Museum]] • Heritage house
}}
}}
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Ninawa in Iraq.svg
| image_map = Ninawa in Iraq.svg
| mapsize = 200px
| mapsize = 200px
| image_flag = Flag of Nineveh Governorate.png
| image_flag = Flag of Nineveh Governorate.png
| image_seal = Nineveh Governorate Seal.svg
| image_seal = Nineveh Governorate Seal.svg
| coordinates = {{Coord|36|0|N|42|28|E|type:adm1st_region:IQ-NI|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|36|0|N|42|28|E|type:adm1st_region:IQ-NI|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IRQ}}
| subdivision_name = {{IRQ}}
| seat_type = Capital
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = [[Mosul]]
| seat = [[Mosul]]
| parts_type = [[ISIL territorial claims|Occupation of part]]
| parts_type = [[ISIL territorial claims|Occupation of part]]
| parts_style = para
| parts_style = para
| leader_party =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Governor
| leader_title = Governor
| leader_name = Najim Al-Juburee
| leader_name = Abdul Qader al-Dakheel
| area_total_km2 = 37323
| area_total_km2 = 37323
| population_total = 3,730,000<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/iraq/admin/01__n%C4%ABnaw%C4%81/|title = Nīnawā (Governorate, Iraq) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location}}</ref>
| population_total = 3,730,000<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/iraq/admin/01__n%C4%ABnaw%C4%81/|title = Nīnawā (Governorate, Iraq) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location}}</ref>
| population_as_of = Estimate 2018<ref name="citypopulation.de"/>
| population_as_of = Estimate 2018<ref name="citypopulation.de"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| iso_code = IQ-NI
| iso_code = IQ-NI
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017)
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021)
| blank_info_sec2 = 0.664<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}}
| blank_info_sec2 = 0.695<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}}
| website = <!-- {{official URL}} -->
| website = <!-- {{official URL}} -->
}}
}}


'''Nineveh''' or '''Ninawa Governorate''' ({{lang-ar|محافظة نينوى|muḥāfaẓat Naynawā}};<ref>{{cite web |title=محافظة نينوى |url=https://ninava.gov.iq/ |website=ninava.gov.iq |access-date=21 December 2019 |language=ar}}</ref> {{lang-syr|ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ|Hoparkiya d’Ninwe}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Bahra Magazine |url=http://www.zowaa.co.uk/bahra/s145-1.pdf|website=zowaa.co.uk/bahra/s145-1.pdf|access-date=27 April 2020 |language=syr}}</ref><ref>Gregorius bar Hebraeus, “” based upon Jean Baptiste Abbeloos and Thomas Joseph Lamy (eds.), Gregorii Barhebræi (Louvain: Peeters, 1872–1877), Digital Syriac Corpus, last modified May 4, 2018, https://syriaccorpus.org/373.</ref> {{lang-ckb|پارێزگای نەینەوا|Parêzgeha Neynewa}}<ref>{{cite news |title=PDK û rewşa Civata Parêzgeha Neynewa di perlemana Îraqê de |url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/ku/news/65767e49-d7f9-4763-b03c-7b05450e4745 |access-date=21 December 2019 |work=Kurdistan24 |language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ئەنجوومەنی پارێزگای نەینەوا: پارێزگار دەستیلەکارکێشایەوە و پەسەندمان کرد |url=https://www.rudaw.net/sorani/middleeast/iraq/191120191 |access-date=21 December 2019 |date=19 November 2019 |language=ku}}</ref>) is a [[Governorates of Iraq|governorate]] in northern [[Iraq]]. It has an area of {{convert|37323|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is [[Mosul]], which lies across the [[Tigris]] river from the ruins of ancient [[Nineveh]]. Before 1976, it was called ''Mosul Province'' and included the present-day [[Dohuk Governorate]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ninewa - NCCI Governorate Profile |url=https://www.ncciraq.org/images/infobygov/NCCI_Ninewa_Governorate_Profile.pdf |access-date=21 December 2019 |page=4 |date=2010}}</ref> The second largest city is [[Tal Afar]], which has an almost exclusively [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmen]] population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ba'ath Party and Insurgency in Tal Afar|url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_2008CRII0831_art008.pdf}}</ref>
'''Nineveh''' or '''Ninawa Governorate''' ({{langx|ar|محافظة نينوى|muḥāfaẓat Naynawā}};<ref>{{cite web |title=محافظة نينوى |url=https://ninava.gov.iq/ |website=ninava.gov.iq |access-date=21 December 2019 |language=ar}}</ref> {{langx|syr|ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ|Hoparkiya d’Ninwe}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Bahra Magazine |url=http://www.zowaa.co.uk/bahra/s145-1.pdf|website=zowaa.co.uk/bahra/s145-1.pdf|access-date=27 April 2020 |language=syr}}</ref><ref>Gregorius bar Hebraeus, “” based upon Jean Baptiste Abbeloos and Thomas Joseph Lamy (eds.), Gregorii Barhebræi (Louvain: Peeters, 1872–1877), Digital Syriac Corpus, last modified 4 May 2018, https://syriaccorpus.org/373.</ref> {{langx|ckb|پارێزگای نەینەوا|Parêzgeha Neynewa}}<ref>{{cite news |title=PDK û rewşa Civata Parêzgeha Neynewa di perlemana Îraqê de |url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/ku/news/65767e49-d7f9-4763-b03c-7b05450e4745 |access-date=21 December 2019 |work=Kurdistan24 |language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ئەنجوومەنی پارێزگای نەینەوا: پارێزگار دەستیلەکارکێشایەوە و پەسەندمان کرد |url=https://www.rudaw.net/sorani/middleeast/iraq/191120191 |access-date=21 December 2019 |date=19 November 2019 |language=ku}}</ref>) is a [[Governorates of Iraq|governorate]] in northern [[Iraq]]. It has an area of {{convert|37323|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is [[Mosul]], which lies across the [[Tigris]] river from the ruins of ancient [[Nineveh]]. Before 1976, it was called ''Mosul Province'' and included the present-day [[Dohuk Governorate]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ninewa – NCCI Governorate Profile |url=https://www.ncciraq.org/images/infobygov/NCCI_Ninewa_Governorate_Profile.pdf |access-date=21 December 2019 |page=4 |date=2010}}</ref> The second largest city is [[Tal Afar]], which has an almost exclusively [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmen]] population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ba'ath Party and Insurgency in Tal Afar|url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_2008CRII0831_art008.pdf}}</ref>


An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, it was partly conquered by [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIS]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=al-Lami|first1=Mina |date=21 July 2014 |title=Iraq: the minorities of Nineveh Plain |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28351073 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724024337/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28351073 |archive-date= 24 July 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iraqi government forces [[Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)|retook the city of Mosul]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن|url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/182977/العبادي-يطلق-على-عمليات-تحرير-نينوى-تسمي/ar|access-date=21 October 2016|work=Al Sumaria|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="atlantic1020">{{cite news|last1=Winter|first1=Charlie|title=How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/|access-date=21 October 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, it was partly conquered by [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIS]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=al-Lami|first1=Mina |date=21 July 2014 |title=Iraq: the minorities of Nineveh Plain |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28351073 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724024337/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28351073 |archive-date= 24 July 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iraqi government forces [[Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)|retook the city of Mosul]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن|url=https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/182977/العبادي-يطلق-على-عمليات-تحرير-نينوى-تسمي/ar|access-date=21 October 2016|work=Al Sumaria|date=17 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="atlantic1020">{{cite news|last1=Winter|first1=Charlie|title=How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/|access-date=21 October 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
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[[File:Eziden und andere Minderheiten in Ninive (Gastvortrag), (033) der geladene Gastredner Athiel al-Nudschafi, Gouverneur von Ninive.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Former governor [[Atheel al-Nujaifi]] in the [[Yezidian Academy]], [[Hanover]], Germany, 2014]]
[[File:Eziden und andere Minderheiten in Ninive (Gastvortrag), (033) der geladene Gastredner Athiel al-Nudschafi, Gouverneur von Ninive.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Former governor [[Atheel al-Nujaifi]] in the [[Yezidian Academy]], [[Hanover]], Germany, 2014]]


Its two cities endured the [[2003 Invasion of Iraq|2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq]] and emerged unscathed. In 2004, however, Mosul and Tal Afar were the scenes of fierce battles between [[United States|US]]-led troops and [[Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)|Iraqi insurgents]]. The insurgents moved to Nineveh after the [[First Battle of Fallujah|Battle of Fallujah]] in 2004.
Its two cities endured the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq]] and emerged unscathed. In 2004, however, Mosul and Tal Afar were the scenes of fierce battles between [[United States|US]]-led troops and [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)|Iraqi insurgents]]. The insurgents moved to Nineveh after the [[First Battle of Fallujah|Battle of Fallujah]] in 2004.


After the invasion, the military of the province was led by (then Major General) [[David Petraeus]] of the [[101st Airborne Division]] and later by (then Brigadier General) [[Carter Ham]] as the multi-national brigade for Iraq. During the time, the American civil head of the local office of the [[Coalition Provisional Authority]] was US Foreign Service Officer and former Kurdish refugee to the States, [[Herro Mustafa]]. Mustafa administered her nominees on the provincial council and through members of the Kashmoula family.
After the invasion, the military of the province was led by (then Major General) [[David Petraeus]] of the [[101st Airborne Division]] and later by (then Brigadier General) [[Carter Ham]] as the multi-national brigade for Iraq. During the time, the American civil head of the local office of the [[Coalition Provisional Authority]] was US Foreign Service Officer and former Kurdish refugee to the States, [[Herro Mustafa]]. Mustafa administered her nominees on the provincial council and through members of the Kashmoula family.


In June 2004, Osama Kashmoula became the interim governor of the province and in September of the same year he was assassinated en route to Baghdad. He was succeeded as interim Governor by [[Duraid Kashmoula]], who was elected governor in January 2005. Duraid Kashmoula resigned in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Iraq governor looks back on troubled tenure|first= Ned|last= Parker|url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/22/world/fg-iraq-governor22|newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= 22 January 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120211061836/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/22/world/fg-iraq-governor22|archive-date= 11 February 2012|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref> In April 2009, [[Atheel al-Nujaifi]], a hardline Arab nationalist and member of [[Al-Hadba]], became governor.<ref>{{Cite news|title= In Nineveh, tensions between Iraqi Kurds and Arabs simmer|first= Liz|last= Sly|url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/23/world/fg-iraq-kurds23|newspaper= Los Angeles Times|date= 23 June 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120212000747/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/23/world/fg-iraq-kurds23|archive-date= 12 February 2012|url-status= live|df= dmy-all}}</ref> While al-Nujaifi's Arab [[Muttahidoon]] bloc lost its majority to the Kurdish [[Kurdistan List|Brotherhood and Coexistence Alliance List]] in the [[2013 Ninawa governorate election|2013 provincial election]], al-Nujaifi was reelected as governor by a larger Sunni Arab coalition<ref>{{cite news |author=Abdullah Salem |title=Voter's Revolution in Ninawa – Local minorities take over Provincial government |url=http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/politics/3276/local-minorities-take-over-provincial-govt.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722194559/http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/politics/3276/local-minorities-take-over-provincial-govt.htm |publisher=Niqash |date=22 August 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> that was later formalized as the [[Nahda Bloc]].
In June 2004, [[Osama Kashmoula]] became the interim governor of the province and in September of the same year he was assassinated en route to Baghdad. He was succeeded as interim Governor by [[Duraid Kashmoula]], who was elected governor in January 2005. Duraid Kashmoula resigned in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Iraq governor looks back on troubled tenure|first= Ned|last= Parker|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-jan-22-fg-iraq-governor22-story.html|newspaper= [[Los Angeles Times]]|date= 22 January 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120211061836/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/22/world/fg-iraq-governor22|archive-date= 11 February 2012|url-status= live}}</ref> In April 2009, [[Atheel al-Nujaifi]], a hardline Arab nationalist and member of [[Al-Hadba]], became governor.<ref>{{Cite news|title= In Nineveh, tensions between Iraqi Kurds and Arabs simmer|first= Liz|last= Sly|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-jun-23-fg-iraq-kurds23-story.html|newspaper= Los Angeles Times|date= 23 June 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120212000747/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/23/world/fg-iraq-kurds23|archive-date= 12 February 2012|url-status= live}}</ref> While al-Nujaifi's Arab [[Muttahidoon]] bloc lost its majority to the Kurdish [[Kurdistan List|Brotherhood and Coexistence Alliance List]] in the [[2013 Ninawa governorate election|2013 provincial election]], al-Nujaifi was reelected as governor by a larger Sunni Arab coalition<ref>{{cite news |author=Abdullah Salem |title=Voter's Revolution in Ninawa – Local minorities take over Provincial government |url=http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/politics/3276/local-minorities-take-over-provincial-govt.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722194559/http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/politics/3276/local-minorities-take-over-provincial-govt.htm |publisher=Niqash |date=22 August 2013 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> that was later formalized as the [[Nahda Bloc]].


In June 2014, [[insurgents]] from the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (known as ISIS or ISIL) [[2014 Mosul offensive|overran the capital Mosul]], forcing an estimated 500,000 refugees to flee the area,<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Robertson, Nic |author2=Smith-Spark, Laura |name-list-style=amp |title= Fresh off Mosul victory, militants in Iraq wrest control of Tikrit |newspaper=CNN |date= 11 June 2014|url= http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/meast/iraq-violence/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612004130/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/meast/iraq-violence/index.html |archive-date=12 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> including governor al-Nujaifi,<ref>{{Cite news |title= Iraqi insurgents 'seize new city' |date= 11 June 2014 |newspaper=BBC News |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25588623 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611222839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25588623 |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> who was subsequently deposed by the [[Council of Representatives of Iraq|Iraqi Parliament]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Hamza Mustafa |title=Iraq: Nineveh governor sacked following ISIS advances |newspaper=[[Asharq al-Awsat]] |url=http://english.aawsat.com/2015/05/article55343707/iraq-nineveh-governor-sacked-following-isis-advances |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211135442/http://english.aawsat.com/2015/05/article55343707/iraq-nineveh-governor-sacked-following-isis-advances |date=29 May 2015 |archive-date=11 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2014, [[insurgents]] from the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (known as ISIS or ISIL) [[2014 Mosul offensive|overran the capital Mosul]], forcing an estimated 500,000 refugees to flee the area,<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Robertson, Nic |author2=Smith-Spark, Laura |name-list-style=amp |title= Fresh off Mosul victory, militants in Iraq wrest control of Tikrit |publisher=CNN|date= 11 June 2014|url= http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/meast/iraq-violence/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612004130/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/11/world/meast/iraq-violence/index.html |archive-date=12 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> including governor al-Nujaifi,<ref>{{Cite news |title= Iraqi insurgents 'seize new city' |date= 11 June 2014 |publisher=BBC News |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25588623 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611222839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25588623 |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> who was subsequently deposed by the [[Council of Representatives of Iraq|Iraqi Parliament]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Hamza Mustafa |title=Iraq: Nineveh governor sacked following ISIS advances |newspaper=[[Asharq al-Awsat]] |url=http://english.aawsat.com/2015/05/article55343707/iraq-nineveh-governor-sacked-following-isis-advances |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211135442/http://english.aawsat.com/2015/05/article55343707/iraq-nineveh-governor-sacked-following-isis-advances |date=29 May 2015 |archive-date=11 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>


While the Kurdish list proposed Hassan al-Allaf, an Arab affiliated with the [[Iraqi Islamic Party|Islamic Party]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Member of Nineveh's Council: Two Candidates For The Post Of The Governor And Negotiations To Select One Of Them |agency=[[National Iraqi News Agency|NINA]] |url=http://ninanews.com/News_Details.aspx?QUvx7hpaRJSocGRGbNL01Q%253d%253d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217113939/http://ninanews.com/News_Details.aspx?QUvx7hpaRJSocGRGbNL01Q%253d%253d |date=21 June 2015 |archive-date=17 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> the provincial council elected [[Nofal Hammadi al-Sultan|Nofal Hammadi]] (formerly Loyalty to Nineveh List) with the votes of the Nahdha bloc.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nofal Hammadi of al-Nahetha bloc elected as Governor of Nineveh succeeding al-Nujaifi |newspaper=Shafaq |url=http://english.shafaaq.com/politics/16118.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217075619/http://english.shafaaq.com/politics/16118.html |date=5 October 2015 |archive-date=17 February 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=17 February 2016 }}</ref>
While the Kurdish list proposed Hassan al-Allaf, an Arab affiliated with the [[Iraqi Islamic Party|Islamic Party]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Member of Nineveh's Council: Two Candidates for the Post of the Governor And Negotiations To Select One of Them |agency=[[National Iraqi News Agency|NINA]] |url=http://ninanews.com/News_Details.aspx?QUvx7hpaRJSocGRGbNL01Q%253d%253d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217113939/http://ninanews.com/News_Details.aspx?QUvx7hpaRJSocGRGbNL01Q%253d%253d |date=21 June 2015 |archive-date=17 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> the provincial council elected [[Nofal Hammadi al-Sultan|Nofal Hammadi]] (formerly Loyalty to Nineveh List) with the votes of the Nahdha bloc.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nofal Hammadi of al-Nahetha bloc elected as Governor of Nineveh succeeding al-Nujaifi |newspaper=Shafaq |url=http://english.shafaaq.com/politics/16118.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217075619/http://english.shafaaq.com/politics/16118.html |date=5 October 2015 |archive-date=17 February 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=17 February 2016 }}</ref>


An [[Battle of Mosul (2016)|offensive to retake Mosul]] from ISIL control began in October 2016, with Iraqi and Kurdish soldiers supported by a U.S.-led coalition of 60 nations.<ref name="atlantic1020"/>
An [[Battle of Mosul (2016)|offensive to retake Mosul]] from ISIL control began in October 2016, with Iraqi and Kurdish soldiers supported by a U.S.-led coalition of 60 nations.<ref name="atlantic1020"/>
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[[File:Ninevehdistricts.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Districts within Nineveh Governorate]]
[[File:Ninevehdistricts.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Districts within Nineveh Governorate]]


Nineveh Governorate comprises nine districts (excluding [[Akre District|Aqrah]]), listed below with their areas<ref>COSIT (Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology), Baghdad.</ref> and populations as estimated in 2018:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nīnawā (Governorate, Iraq) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/iraq/admin/01__n%C4%ABnaw%C4%81/|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>
Nineveh Governorate comprises nine districts (excluding [[Akre District|Aqrah]]), listed below with their areas<ref>COSIT (Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology), Baghdad.</ref> and populations as estimated in 2018:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nīnawā (Governorate, Iraq) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/iraq/admin/01__n%C4%ABnaw%C4%81/|access-date=2021-04-25|website=citypopulation.de}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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|percent_name =
|percent_name =
|footnote =
|footnote =
|source = Citypopulation<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Governorates |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/iraq/cities/ |website=www.citypopulation.de |language=en}}</ref>
|source = Citypopulation<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Governorates |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/iraq/cities/ |website=citypopulation.de}}</ref>
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Nineveh Province is multiethnic. There are significant numbers of [[Arabs]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmens]], [[Kurds]] and [[Yazidis]] who live in both in towns and cities, and in their own specific villages and regions. There are also many [[Armenians]], [[Romani people in Iraq|Kawliya]], [[Mandaeans|Mandeans]] and [[Shabaks]].
Nineveh Province is multiethnic. There are significant numbers of [[Arabs]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmens]], [[Kurds]] and [[Yazidis]] who live in both in towns and cities, and in their own specific villages and regions. There are also many [[Armenians]], [[Romani people in Iraq|Kawliya]], [[Mandaeans|Mandeans]] and [[Shabaks]].


The majority are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslim]], with 80% of the [[Arabs]] and [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmens]] being Sunni Muslim, as well [[Kurds]] also being Sunni Muslim. About 5–10% of the population is [[Shia Muslim]]. Generally, [[Yazidis]], [[Shabaks]] and [[Mandaeans|Mandeans]] are followers of their respective heritage religions, [[Yazidism]], [[Shabakism]], and [[Mandaeism]].
The majority are [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslim]], with 80% of the [[Arabs]] and [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmens]] being Sunni Muslim, as well [[Kurds]] also being Sunni Muslim. About 5–10% of the population is [[Shia Muslim]]. Generally, [[Yazidis]], [[Shabaks]] and [[Mandaeans|Mandeans]] are followers of their respective heritage religions, [[Yazidism]], [[Shabakism]], and [[Mandaeism]].


The primary spoken language is [[Arabic]]. Minority languages include [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmen]], [[Neo-Aramaic languages|Neo-Aramaic]] dialects, [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] (predominantly [[Kurmanji]]) and [[Armenian language|Armenian]].
The primary spoken language is [[Arabic]]. Minority languages include [[Iraqi Turkmen|Turkmen]], [[Neo-Aramaic languages|Neo-Aramaic]] dialects, [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] (predominantly [[Kurmanji]]) and [[Armenian language|Armenian]].

Latest revision as of 06:53, 18 December 2024

Nineveh Governorate
محافظة نينوى (Arabic)
Governorate
Top-bottom, R–L:
View over Tigris river
Church of Saint Thomas • Hatra
Mosul Rural area • The river's gate
Mosul Museum • Heritage house
Flag of Nineveh Governorate
Flag
Official seal of Nineveh Governorate
Seal
Location of Nineveh Governorate
Coordinates: 36°0′N 42°28′E / 36.000°N 42.467°E / 36.000; 42.467
Country Iraq
CapitalMosul
Government
 • GovernorAbdul Qader al-Dakheel
Area
 • Total
37,323 km2 (14,410 sq mi)
Population
 (Estimate 2018[1])
 • Total
3,730,000[1]
ISO 3166 codeIQ-NI
HDI (2021)0.695[2]
medium

Nineveh or Ninawa Governorate (Arabic: محافظة نينوى, romanized: muḥāfaẓat Naynawā;[3] Syriac: ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ, romanized: Hoparkiya d’Ninwe,[4][5] Sorani Kurdish: پارێزگای نەینەوا, romanized: Parêzgeha Neynewa[6][7]) is a governorate in northern Iraq. It has an area of 37,323 km2 (14,410 sq mi) and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is Mosul, which lies across the Tigris river from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. Before 1976, it was called Mosul Province and included the present-day Dohuk Governorate.[8] The second largest city is Tal Afar, which has an almost exclusively Turkmen population.[9]

An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, it was partly conquered by ISIS in 2014.[10] Iraqi government forces retook the city of Mosul in 2017.[11][12]

Recent history and administration

[edit]
Former governor Atheel al-Nujaifi in the Yezidian Academy, Hanover, Germany, 2014

Its two cities endured the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and emerged unscathed. In 2004, however, Mosul and Tal Afar were the scenes of fierce battles between US-led troops and Iraqi insurgents. The insurgents moved to Nineveh after the Battle of Fallujah in 2004.

After the invasion, the military of the province was led by (then Major General) David Petraeus of the 101st Airborne Division and later by (then Brigadier General) Carter Ham as the multi-national brigade for Iraq. During the time, the American civil head of the local office of the Coalition Provisional Authority was US Foreign Service Officer and former Kurdish refugee to the States, Herro Mustafa. Mustafa administered her nominees on the provincial council and through members of the Kashmoula family.

In June 2004, Osama Kashmoula became the interim governor of the province and in September of the same year he was assassinated en route to Baghdad. He was succeeded as interim Governor by Duraid Kashmoula, who was elected governor in January 2005. Duraid Kashmoula resigned in 2009.[13] In April 2009, Atheel al-Nujaifi, a hardline Arab nationalist and member of Al-Hadba, became governor.[14] While al-Nujaifi's Arab Muttahidoon bloc lost its majority to the Kurdish Brotherhood and Coexistence Alliance List in the 2013 provincial election, al-Nujaifi was reelected as governor by a larger Sunni Arab coalition[15] that was later formalized as the Nahda Bloc.

In June 2014, insurgents from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (known as ISIS or ISIL) overran the capital Mosul, forcing an estimated 500,000 refugees to flee the area,[16] including governor al-Nujaifi,[17] who was subsequently deposed by the Iraqi Parliament.[18]

While the Kurdish list proposed Hassan al-Allaf, an Arab affiliated with the Islamic Party,[19] the provincial council elected Nofal Hammadi (formerly Loyalty to Nineveh List) with the votes of the Nahdha bloc.[20]

An offensive to retake Mosul from ISIL control began in October 2016, with Iraqi and Kurdish soldiers supported by a U.S.-led coalition of 60 nations.[12]

Provincial elections

[edit]
Main article: 2013 Nineveh governorate election

Geography

[edit]

Borders

[edit]

The province borders the governorates of Dohuk, Kirkuk, Erbil, Saladin, and Anbar. It also shares a border with Syria, mostly Al-Hasakah Governorate, and Deir ez-Zor Governorate.

Districts

[edit]
Districts within Nineveh Governorate

Nineveh Governorate comprises nine districts (excluding Aqrah), listed below with their areas[21] and populations as estimated in 2018:[22]

No. District Name
in Arabic 		Population
in 2018 		Area in
sq. km
1. Mosul الموصل 1,905,174 4,318
2. Tel Afar تلعفر 511,004 4,286
3. Sinjar سنجار 325,816 3,576
4. Al-Hamdaniya الحمدانية 210,601 740.6
5. Tel Keppe تلكيف 210,263 1,218
6. Makhmūr مخمور 209,545 2,682
7. Al-Ba'aj البعاج 179,520 8,359
8. Al-Hadar (Hatra) الحضر 59,429 11,130
9. Shekhan شيخان 43,984 466
Total 3,729,998 36,700

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1977 1,105,700—    
1987 1,479,430+2.95%
1997 2,042,852+3.28%
2009 3,106,948+3.56%
2018 3,729,998+2.05%
Source: Citypopulation[23]

Nineveh Province is multiethnic. There are significant numbers of Arabs, Assyrians, Turkmens, Kurds and Yazidis who live in both in towns and cities, and in their own specific villages and regions. There are also many Armenians, Kawliya, Mandeans and Shabaks.

The majority are Sunni Muslim, with 80% of the Arabs and Turkmens being Sunni Muslim, as well Kurds also being Sunni Muslim. About 5–10% of the population is Shia Muslim. Generally, Yazidis, Shabaks and Mandeans are followers of their respective heritage religions, Yazidism, Shabakism, and Mandaeism.

The primary spoken language is Arabic. Minority languages include Turkmen, Neo-Aramaic dialects, Kurdish (predominantly Kurmanji) and Armenian.

Proposed Assyrian autonomous region

[edit]
Main article: Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq

Many Assyrian leaders advocate an autonomous Assyrian homeland within the Nineveh Province (mostly in the Nineveh Plains region) for the Assyrian population.[24]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Nīnawā (Governorate, Iraq) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location".
  2. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  3. ^ "محافظة نينوى". ninava.gov.iq (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Bahra Magazine" (PDF). zowaa.co.uk/bahra/s145-1.pdf (in Syriac). Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  5. ^ Gregorius bar Hebraeus, “” based upon Jean Baptiste Abbeloos and Thomas Joseph Lamy (eds.), Gregorii Barhebræi (Louvain: Peeters, 1872–1877), Digital Syriac Corpus, last modified 4 May 2018, https://syriaccorpus.org/373.
  6. ^ "PDK û rewşa Civata Parêzgeha Neynewa di perlemana Îraqê de". Kurdistan24 (in Kurdish). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  7. ^ "ئەنجوومەنی پارێزگای نەینەوا: پارێزگار دەستیلەکارکێشایەوە و پەسەندمان کرد" (in Kurdish). 19 November 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  8. ^ "Ninewa – NCCI Governorate Profile" (PDF). 2010. p. 4. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  9. ^ "The Ba'ath Party and Insurgency in Tal Afar" (PDF).
  10. ^ al-Lami, Mina (21 July 2014). "Iraq: the minorities of Nineveh Plain". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014.
  11. ^ "العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن". Al Sumaria. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  12. ^ a b Winter, Charlie (20 October 2016). "How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle". The Atlantic. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  13. ^ Parker, Ned (22 January 2009). "Iraq governor looks back on troubled tenure". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012.
  14. ^ Sly, Liz (23 June 2009). "In Nineveh, tensions between Iraqi Kurds and Arabs simmer". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012.
  15. ^ Abdullah Salem (22 August 2013). "Voter's Revolution in Ninawa – Local minorities take over Provincial government". Niqash. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015.
  16. ^ Robertson, Nic & Smith-Spark, Laura (11 June 2014). "Fresh off Mosul victory, militants in Iraq wrest control of Tikrit". CNN. Archived from the original on 12 June 2014.
  17. ^ "Iraqi insurgents 'seize new city'". BBC News. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014.
  18. ^ Hamza Mustafa (29 May 2015). "Iraq: Nineveh governor sacked following ISIS advances". Asharq al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016.
  19. ^ "Member of Nineveh's Council: Two Candidates for the Post of the Governor And Negotiations To Select One of Them". NINA. 21 June 2015. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016.
  20. ^ "Nofal Hammadi of al-Nahetha bloc elected as Governor of Nineveh succeeding al-Nujaifi". Shafaq. 5 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  21. ^ COSIT (Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology), Baghdad.
  22. ^ "Nīnawā (Governorate, Iraq) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  23. ^ "Population of Governorates". citypopulation.de.
  24. ^ Marco Gombacci. "Iraqi Christians ask EU to support the creation of a Nineveh Plain Province". europeanpost.co.

Further reading

[edit]


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