Favratia: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Genus of Campanulaceae plants}} |
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{{italic title}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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{{taxobox |
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|image = |
|image = Favratia zoysii RF.jpg |
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|image_caption = |
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|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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|display_parents = 2 |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|genus = Favratia |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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|parent_authority = [[Feer]]<ref name="Feer" >Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12: 610 (1890)</ref> |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] |
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|ordo = [[Asterales]] |
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|familia = [[Campanulaceae]] |
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|genus = ''[[Campanula]]'' |
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|range_map = Campanula zoysii range Map.png |
|range_map = Campanula zoysii range Map.png |
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|range_map_caption = |
|range_map_caption = Range map of ''Favratia zoysii'' |
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|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:142494-1 |title=''Favratia'' Feer |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=30 August 2020 }}</ref> |
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''''' |
'''''Favratia zoysii''''', known commonly as '''Zois' bellflower''', '''Zoysi's harebell''', or '''crimped bellflower''', is the sole member of the genus '''''Favratia''''', closely related to ''[[Campanula ]]'' (bellflowers).<ref name="hardy">{{Cite book | last = Robinson | first = W | title = Hardy Flowers | publisher = Macmillan and Co. | year = 1878 | location = London | page = [https://archive.org/details/hardyflowersrdc00robigoog/page/n102 86] | url = https://archive.org/details/hardyflowersrdc00robigoog}}</ref><ref name="ErhardtCoombes2009">{{cite book|author1=Walter Erhardt|author2=Allen J. Coombes|title=The Timber Press Dictionary of Plant Names|url=https://archive.org/details/timberpressdicti00erha|url-access=registration|accessdate=1 September 2012|year=2009|publisher=Timber Press|isbn=978-1-60469-115-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/timberpressdicti00erha/page/182 182]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/jse.12586 |title=Phylogenetic analyses confirm polyphyly of the genus ''Campanula'' (Campanulaceae s. STR.), leading to a proposal for generic reappraisal |year=2020 |last1=Xu |first1=Chao |last2=Hong |first2=De-Yuan |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=475–489 |s2cid=216217907 }}</ref> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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The |
The plant is endemic to [[Austria]], northern [[Italy]] ([[Friuli–Venezia Giulia]] and [[Veneto]]), and [[Slovenia]].<ref name="grin">{{GRIN | accessdate = }}</ref> It grows most readily in [[limestone]] crevices in the [[Julian Alps|Julian]], [[Kamnik–Savinja Alps]] and the [[Peca (mountain)|Peca]] Mountain,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.karavanke.eu/raziskuj/naravne-znamenitosti/#peca |title=Naravne znamenitosti: Peca |work=Karavanke.eu |accessdate=12 March 2012}}</ref> as well as in the dolomitic [[Alps]] of Italy and Austria.<ref name="ottawa">{{Cite web | last = Walek | first = Kristl | title = ''Campanula zoysii'': "Daughter of the Slovene Mountains" | publisher = Ottawa Valley Rock Garden & Horticultural Society | url = http://www.ovrghs.ca/articles/Plants/Campanula%20zoysii.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060927185918/http://www.ovrghs.ca/articles/Plants/Campanula%20zoysii.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 27 September 2006 | accessdate = 6 August 2010 }}</ref> A white-flowered form of ''C. zoysii'', called ''Lismore Ice''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lismore Ice - Campanula Zoisii |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/142612/i-campanula-zoysii-i-lismore-ice/details }}</ref> was cultured from seeds harvested in the Julian Alps. The plant is much more compact in growth than its purple form. It is also slower growing and has smaller leaves, the tips of which are yellow. |
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'' |
''Favratia zoysii'' can survive in temperatures as low as {{convert|-35|to|-40|C|F}}.<ref name="ottawa"/> Garden pests include [[slug]]s and [[snail]]s.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Meredith | first = Lewis B | title = Rock Gardens: How to Make and Maintain Them | publisher = Charles Scribner's Sons | year = 1914 | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/rockgardenshowto01mere/page/254 254] | url = https://archive.org/details/rockgardenshowto01mere}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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==Physical description== |
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[[File:Campanula zoysii Gardeners Chronicle.png|thumb|left|Mature plant with a cross section of a flower and closeup of seeds]] |
[[File:Campanula zoysii Gardeners Chronicle.png|thumb|left|Mature plant with a cross section of a flower and closeup of seeds]] |
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The plant tends to grow low, reaching anywhere from {{convert|5|to|7|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in height, though some plants may grow as tall as {{convert|23|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="hardy"/> Tufts (or "cushions") of the plant tend to creep outward as it grows.<ref name="ottawa"/> Seedlings require two years to grow to flower. |
The plant tends to grow low, reaching anywhere from {{convert|5|to|7|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in height, though some plants may grow as tall as {{convert|23|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="hardy"/> Tufts (or "cushions") of the plant tend to creep outward as it grows.<ref name="ottawa"/> Seedlings require two years to grow to flower. |
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===Flowers=== |
===Flowers=== |
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The |
The genus is unique among its family of bellflowers. The mouth of ''F. zoysii'''s bell-shaped flower narrows, ending in a five-pointed star, while the flowers of ''Campanula'' species are likewise bell-shaped, but open.<ref name="ottawa"/><ref>{{Cite web | title = ''Campanula zoysii'' | work = Campanula Bellflowers | publisher = Wild Ginger Farm | url = http://www.wildgingerfarm.com/Campanula.htm | accessdate = 6 August 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100629101906/http://www.wildgingerfarm.com/Campanula.htm | archive-date = 2010-06-29 | url-status = dead }}</ref> (The "pinched" shape of these flowers nonetheless manages to allow insects inside for pollination.) The flowers are arranged one to three for each stem.<ref name="hardy"/> The plant's pale [[Azure (color)#Sky blue|sky blue]]- to [[lavender (color)|lavender]]-colored flowers bloom in June over a three- to four-week period.<ref name="ottawa"/> |
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===Leaves=== |
===Leaves=== |
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==Cultural significance== |
==Cultural significance== |
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'' |
''Favratia zoysii'' is held in high regard in Slovenia. It is considered a symbol of the Slovene Alps, and was called "the true daughter of the Slovene mountains" by the renowned botanist [[Viktor Petkovšek]] (1908–1994). It is the symbol of the oldest (and the only one in the natural environment) [[alpine garden]] in Slovenia, [[Alpinum Juliana]], established in 1926.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.prc.si/file/download/148_2fc881e5d502 |journal=Epicenter: Glasilo Posoškega Razvojnega Centra |title=Zoisova zvončica – simbol rastlinstva na sončni strani Alp |language=Slovenian |trans-title=Zois' Bellflower – the Symbol of the Flora on the Sunny Side of the Alps |volume=VII |issue=6–7 |year=2006 |issn=1581-6087 |page=24 |access-date=2014-08-13 |archive-date=2014-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813164204/http://www.prc.si/file/download/148_2fc881e5d502 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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'' |
''Favratia zoysii'' is highly esteemed as an ornamental plant in [[Garden design#Rock garden|rock gardens]]. The September 1905 issue of ''[[The Gardeners' Chronicle|Gardeners' Chronicle]]'' praises ''F. zoysii'' as "choicest and most distinct ... of a genus comprising flowers of the greatest beauty and of the highest merit in the garden".<ref>{{Cite news | title = Alpine Garden: ''Campanula zoysii'' | newspaper = Gardeners' Chronicle | location = London | volume = XXVIII | pages = 228–229 | date = 23 September 1905 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X-dIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA228}}</ref> |
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The plant was named by the botanist [[Franz Xaver von Wulfen]] (1728–1805) in honor of its discoverer, the botanist [[Karl von Zois]] (1756–1799), who introduced it to him. It was first described by [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin]] in 1789.<ref name="grin"/>{{#tag:ref|''Collectanea'' 2:122. 1789 ("1788"); Icon. pl. rar. 2: t. 334. 1789 ("1786-1793")<ref name="grin"/>|group=note}} |
The plant was named by the botanist [[Franz Xaver von Wulfen]] (1728–1805) in honor of its discoverer, the botanist [[Karl von Zois]] (1756–1799), who introduced it to him. It was first described by [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin]] in 1789.<ref name="grin"/>{{#tag:ref|''Collectanea'' 2:122. 1789 ("1788"); Icon. pl. rar. 2: t. 334. 1789 ("1786-1793")<ref name="grin"/>|group=note}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of Campanula species]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|group=note}} |
{{Reflist|group=note}} |
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;References |
;References |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from1=Q16054305|from2=Q15602121|from3=Q218454}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{Wikispecies-inline|Campanula zoysii}} |
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*{{Commons category-inline|Campanula zoysii}} |
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*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?428121 ''Campanula zoysii'' Wulfen] at Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Monotypic Campanulaceae genera]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Slovenia]] |
[[Category:Flora of Slovenia]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Austria]] |
[[Category:Flora of Austria]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Italy]] |
[[Category:Flora of Italy]] |
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[[Category:Campanuloideae]] |
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[[Category:Flora of the Alps]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:10, 18 December 2024
| Favratia | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Campanulaceae |
| Subfamily: | Campanuloideae |
| Genus: | Favratia Feer[1] |
| Species: | F. zoysii
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| Binomial name | |
| Favratia zoysii | |
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| Range map of Favratia zoysii | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Campanula zoysii Wulfen | |
Favratia zoysii, known commonly as Zois' bellflower, Zoysi's harebell, or crimped bellflower, is the sole member of the genus Favratia, closely related to Campanula (bellflowers).[3][4][5]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The plant is endemic to Austria, northern Italy (Friuli–Venezia Giulia and Veneto), and Slovenia.[6] It grows most readily in limestone crevices in the Julian, Kamnik–Savinja Alps and the Peca Mountain,[7] as well as in the dolomitic Alps of Italy and Austria.[8] A white-flowered form of C. zoysii, called Lismore Ice[9] was cultured from seeds harvested in the Julian Alps. The plant is much more compact in growth than its purple form. It is also slower growing and has smaller leaves, the tips of which are yellow.
Favratia zoysii can survive in temperatures as low as −35 to −40 °C (−31 to −40 °F).[8] Garden pests include slugs and snails.[10]
Description
[edit]
The plant tends to grow low, reaching anywhere from 5 to 7 cm (2 to 3 in) in height, though some plants may grow as tall as 23 cm (9 in).[3] Tufts (or "cushions") of the plant tend to creep outward as it grows.[8] Seedlings require two years to grow to flower.
Flowers
[edit]The genus is unique among its family of bellflowers. The mouth of F. zoysii's bell-shaped flower narrows, ending in a five-pointed star, while the flowers of Campanula species are likewise bell-shaped, but open.[8][11] (The "pinched" shape of these flowers nonetheless manages to allow insects inside for pollination.) The flowers are arranged one to three for each stem.[3] The plant's pale sky blue- to lavender-colored flowers bloom in June over a three- to four-week period.[8]
Leaves
[edit]Leaves are crowded at the root, stalked, ovate and blunt; stem leaves are obovate, lance-shaped and linear.[3]
Cultural significance
[edit]Favratia zoysii is held in high regard in Slovenia. It is considered a symbol of the Slovene Alps, and was called "the true daughter of the Slovene mountains" by the renowned botanist Viktor Petkovšek (1908–1994). It is the symbol of the oldest (and the only one in the natural environment) alpine garden in Slovenia, Alpinum Juliana, established in 1926.[12]
Favratia zoysii is highly esteemed as an ornamental plant in rock gardens. The September 1905 issue of Gardeners' Chronicle praises F. zoysii as "choicest and most distinct ... of a genus comprising flowers of the greatest beauty and of the highest merit in the garden".[13]
The plant was named by the botanist Franz Xaver von Wulfen (1728–1805) in honor of its discoverer, the botanist Karl von Zois (1756–1799), who introduced it to him. It was first described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1789.[6][note 1]
References
[edit]- Notes
- References
- ^ a b Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12: 610 (1890)
- ^ "Favratia Feer". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
- ^ a b c d Robinson, W (1878). Hardy Flowers. London: Macmillan and Co. p. 86.
- ^ Walter Erhardt; Allen J. Coombes (2009). The Timber Press Dictionary of Plant Names. Timber Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-60469-115-3. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
- ^ Xu, Chao; Hong, De-Yuan (2020). "Phylogenetic analyses confirm polyphyly of the genus Campanula (Campanulaceae s. STR.), leading to a proposal for generic reappraisal". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 59 (3): 475–489. doi:10.1111/jse.12586. S2CID 216217907.
- ^ a b c "Favratia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
- ^ "Naravne znamenitosti: Peca". Karavanke.eu. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Walek, Kristl. "Campanula zoysii: "Daughter of the Slovene Mountains"". Ottawa Valley Rock Garden & Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
- ^ "Lismore Ice - Campanula Zoisii".
- ^ Meredith, Lewis B (1914). Rock Gardens: How to Make and Maintain Them. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 254.
- ^ "Campanula zoysii". Campanula Bellflowers. Wild Ginger Farm. Archived from the original on 2010-06-29. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
- ^ "Zoisova zvončica – simbol rastlinstva na sončni strani Alp" [Zois' Bellflower – the Symbol of the Flora on the Sunny Side of the Alps]. Epicenter: Glasilo Posoškega Razvojnega Centra (in Slovenian). VII (6–7): 24. 2006. ISSN 1581-6087. Archived from the original on 2014-08-13. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
- ^ "Alpine Garden: Campanula zoysii". Gardeners' Chronicle. Vol. XXVIII. London. 23 September 1905. pp. 228–229.