Mewar: Difference between revisions

Mewar
Mewar
Country	India
Area
• Total	33,517 km2 (12,941 sq mi)
Population (2011[citation needed])
• Total	9,045,726
• Density	270/km2 (700/sq mi)
Languages
• Major languages	Mewari, Hindi
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code	IN-MP
Largest city	Udaipur

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Mewar, also spelled as Mewad is a region in the south-central part of Rajasthan state of India. It includes the present-day districts of Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Rajsamand, Udaipur, Pirawa Tehsil of Jhalawar District of Rajasthan, Neemuch and Mandsaur of Madhya Pradesh and some parts of Gujarat.

For centuries, the region was ruled by Rajputs as Kingdom of Mewar. During the period of British East India Company, it became a princely state as Udaipur. It emerged as an administrative unit during the period governance in India and remained until the end of the British Raj era.

The Mewar region lies between the Aravali Range to the northwest, Ajmer to the north, Gujarat and the Vagad region of Rajasthan to the south, the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh state to the south and the Hadoti region of Rajasthan to the east.

Etymology

The word "Mewar" is vernacular form of "Medapata" (IAST: Medapāṭa), the ancient name of the region. The earliest epigraph that mentions the word "Medapata" is a 996–997 CE (1053 VS) inscription discovered at Hathundi (Bijapur). The word "pata" or "pataka" refers to an administrative unit. According to the historian G. C. Raychaudhuri, Medapata was named after the Meda tribe, which has been mentioned in Varāhamihira's Brihat-Samhita.^[1] The 1460 Kumbhalgarh inscription associates the Medas with Vardhana-giri (modern Badnor in Mewar region).^[2] Historian Sashi Bhusan Chaudhuri associates the ancient Medas with the modern Mer people.^[3]

The 1285 CE (1342 VS) Mount Abu (Achaleshwar) inscription of the Guhila king Samarasimha provides the following etymology while describing the military conquests of his ancestor Bappa Rawal (Bappaka): "This country which was, in battle, totally submerged in the dripping fat ('medas' in Sanskrit) of wicked people by Bappaka bears the name of Śrī Medapāṭa." Historian Anil Chandra Banerjee dismisses this as a "poetic fancy", but acknowledges the 'terrible' battles fought between the Rajputs and the Arabs.^[4]

Geography

The northern and eastern portions of Mewar are made up of an elevated plateau while the western and southern portions were rocky and hilly with dense forests.^[5] The watershed divide between drainage of the Bay of Bengal and drainage of the Gulf of Khambhat runs almost through the centre of Mewar.^[6] The northern and eastern part of Mewar is a gently sloping plain, drained by the Bedach and Banas River and its tributaries, which empty northwest into the Chambal River, a tributary of the Yamuna River. The southern and western part of the region is hilly, and marks the divide between the Banas and its tributaries and the headwaters of the Sabarmati and Mahi rivers and their tributaries, which drain south into the Gulf of Khambhat through Gujarat state. The Aravalli Range, which forms the northwestern boundary of the region, is composed mostly of sedimentary rocks, like marble and Kota Stone, which has traditionally been an important construction material.

The region is part of the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests' ecoregion. Protected areas include the Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary, the Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, the Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary, the Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary and the Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary.

Mewar has a tropical climate. Rainfall averages 660 mm/year, and is generally higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast of the region. Over 90% of the rain typically falls in the period of June to September every year, during the southwest monsoon.

According to the 2011 Census of India this region has a population of 9,045,726 people.

References

^ G. C. Raychaudhuri (1940). History of Mewar from the Earliest Times to 1303 A.D. Kanjilal, Calcutta University Press. p. 8. OCLC 917040797.
^ Dineschandra Sircar (1963). The Guhilas of Kiṣkindhā. Sanskrit College. p. 38. OCLC 161579.
^ Sashi Bhusan Chaudhuri (1955). Ethnic settlements in ancient India. Calcutta: General. p. 26. OCLC 2278769.
^ Anil Chandra Banerjee (1958). Medieval studies. A. Mukherjee & Co. p. 19. OCLC 254699661.
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Rajputana. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. 1908. pp. 106–168.
^ Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R., eds. (2008). Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan Through the Ages Vol. 5. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. pp. 64–77. ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8.

External links

Media related to Mewar at Wikimedia Commons

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{About|the natural and historical region|the independent state in India prior to the formation of the Indian Republic|Udaipur State|other uses}}
 {{short description|Region in the Indian state of Rajasthan}}
+{{Distinguish|Marwar}}
-{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
+{{About|the natural and historical region|the independent state in India prior to the formation of the Indian Republic|Udaipur State|other uses}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
+{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
-{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 300px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;"
+{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
-|-
+{{Infobox settlement
-| colspan="2" style="margin-left: inherit; background:#FFC0CB; text-align:center; font-size: medium;" |Historical Region of Rajasthan, India<br/>'''Mewar'''
+| name                    = Mewar
-|- align="center"
+| native_name             =
-| colspan="2" |
+| settlement_type         =
-|- style="vertical-align: top;"
+| image_map               = Map rajasthan mewar.png
-| '''Location'''
+| map_alt                 =
-| ''Southern Rajasthan''
+| map_caption             =
-|- style="vertical-align: top;"
+| pushpin_map             =
-| '''[[Language]]'''
+| pushpin_label_position  =
-| [[Mewari]]
+| pushpin_map_alt         =
-|- style="vertical-align: top;"
+| pushpin_map_caption     =
-| '''[[Dynasty|Dynasties]]'''
+| coordinates             =
-| [[Mori Rajputs|Moris]] (up to 734 AD)<br/>[[Guhilas of Medapata|Guhilas]] (Guhilots) (734&ndash;1303), [[Sisodia]]s (1326&ndash;1952)
+| coor_pinpoint           =
-|- style="vertical-align: top;"
+| coordinates_footnotes   =
-| '''Historical [[Capital (political)|capitals]]'''
+| subdivision_type        = Country
-| Nagda, [[Chittaurgarh]], and [[Udaipur]]
+| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
-|- style="vertical-align: top;"
+| area_footnotes          =
-<!--| colspan=2 | <small>{{{footnotes}}}</small> -->
+| area_total_km2          = 33,517
-|}
+| area_land_km2           =
-[[File:Map rajasthan mewar.png|thumb|Map of the Mewar Region|alt=|290x290px]]
+| area_water_km2          =
-'''Mewar''' or '''Mewad''' is a region in the south-central part of [[Rajasthan]] state of India. It includes the present-day districts of [[Bhilwara District|Bhilwara]], [[Chittorgarh District|Chittorgarh]], [[Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]], [[Rajsamand District|Rajsamand]], [[Udaipur District|Udaipur]], Pirawa Tehsil of Jhalawar District of [[Rajasthan]], [[Neemuch District|Neemuch]] and [[Mandsaur district|Mandsaur]] of Madhya Pradesh and some parts of Gujarat.
+| area_water_percent      =
+| area_note               =
+| elevation_footnotes     =
+| elevation_m             =
+| population_footnotes    =
+| population_total        = 9,045,726
+| population_as_of        = 2011{{cn|date=December 2024}}
+| population_density_km2  = auto
+| population_demonym      =
+| population_note         =
+| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
+| utc_offset1             = +05:30
+| timezone1_DST           =
+| utc_offset1_DST         =
+| demographics_type1      = Languages
+| demographics1_title1    = Major languages
+| demographics1_info1     = [[Mewari language|Mewari]], [[Hindi]]
+| demographics1_title2    = [[Birth rate]]
+| demographics1_info2     =
+| demographics1_title3    = [[Death rate]]
+| demographics1_info3     =
+| demographics1_title4    = [[Infant mortality rate]]
+| demographics1_info4     =
+| blank_name              = Largest city
+| blank_info              = [[Udaipur]]
+| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
+| footnotes               =
+}}
+'''Mewar''', also spelled as '''Mewad''' is a region in the south-central part of [[Rajasthan]] state of India. It includes the present-day districts of [[Bhilwara District|Bhilwara]], [[Chittorgarh District|Chittorgarh]], [[Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]], [[Rajsamand District|Rajsamand]], [[Udaipur District|Udaipur]], Pirawa Tehsil of Jhalawar District of [[Rajasthan]], [[Neemuch District|Neemuch]] and [[Mandsaur district|Mandsaur]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and some parts of [[Gujarat]].
-For centuries, the region was ruled by [[Rajput]]s. The [[princely state]] of [[Udaipur State|Udaipur]] emerged as an administrative unit during the period of [[British East India Company]] governance in India and remained until the end of the [[British Raj]] era.
+For centuries, the region was ruled by [[Rajput]]s as [[Kingdom of Mewar]]. During the period of [[British East India Company]], it became a [[princely state]] as [[Udaipur State|Udaipur]]. It emerged as an administrative unit during the period  governance in India and remained until the end of the [[British Raj]] era.
-The Mewar region lies between the [[Aravali Range]] to the northwest, [[Ajmer region|Ajmer]] to the north, [[Gujarat]] and the [[Vagad]] region of Rajasthan to the south, the [[Malwa]] region of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state to the south and the [[Hadoti]] region of Rajasthan to the east.
+The Mewar region lies between the [[Aravali Range]] to the northwest, [[Ajmer region|Ajmer]] to the north, Gujarat and the [[Vagad]] region of Rajasthan to the south, the [[Malwa]] region of Madhya Pradesh state to the south and the [[Hadoti]] region of Rajasthan to the east.
 ==Etymology==
 The word "Mewar" is vernacular form of "Medapata" ([[IAST]]: Medapāṭa), the ancient name of the region. The earliest epigraph that mentions the word "Medapata" is a 996–997 CE (1053 [[Vikrama Samvat|VS]]) inscription discovered at Hathundi ([[Bijapur, Rajasthan|Bijapur]]). The word "pata" or "pataka" refers to an administrative unit. According to the historian G. C. Raychaudhuri, Medapata was named after the Meda tribe, which has been mentioned in [[Varāhamihira]]'s ''Brihat-Samhita''.<ref>{{cite book |author=G. C. Raychaudhuri |title=History of Mewar from the Earliest Times to 1303 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WMIBAAAAMAAJ |year=1940 |publisher=Kanjilal, Calcutta University Press |oclc=917040797 |page=8 }}</ref> The 1460 [[Kumbhalgarh]] inscription associates the Medas with Vardhana-giri (modern [[Badnor, Rajasthan|Badnor]] in Mewar region).<ref>{{cite book |author=Dineschandra Sircar |title=The Guhilas of Kiṣkindhā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VzRAAAAMAAJ |year=1963 |publisher=[[The Sanskrit College and University|Sanskrit College]] |oclc=161579 |page=38 }}</ref> Historian Sashi Bhusan Chaudhuri associates the ancient Medas with the modern [[Mer people]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Sashi Bhusan Chaudhuri |title=Ethnic settlements in ancient India |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12386 |year=1955 |publisher=General |location=Calcutta |oclc=2278769 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12386/page/n225 26] }}</ref>
-The 1285 CE (1342 VS) [[Mount Abu]] ([[Achaleshwar Mahadev Temple|Achaleshwar]]) inscription of the [[Guhila dynasty|Guhila]] king Samarasimha provides the following etymology while describing the military conquests of his ancestor [[Bappa Rawal]] (Bappaka): "This country which was, in battle, totally submerged in the dripping fat ({{'}}''medas''{{'}} in [[Sanskrit]]) of wicked people by Bappaka bears the name of Śrī Medapāṭa." Historian Anil Chandra Banerjee dismisses this as a "poetic fancy", but acknowledges the 'terrible' battles fought between the Rajputs and the Arabs.<ref>{{cite book |author=Anil Chandra Banerjee |title=Medieval studies |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12693 |year=1958 |publisher=A. Mukherjee & Co. |oclc=254699661 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12693/page/n31 19] }}</ref>
+The 1285 CE (1342 VS) [[Mount Abu]] ([[Achaleshwar Mahadev Temple|Achaleshwar]]) inscription of the [[Guhila dynasty|Guhila]] king [[Samarasimha]] provides the following etymology while describing the military conquests of his ancestor [[Bappa Rawal]] (Bappaka): "This country which was, in battle, totally submerged in the dripping fat ({{'}}''medas''{{'}} in [[Sanskrit]]) of wicked people by Bappaka bears the name of Śrī Medapāṭa." Historian Anil Chandra Banerjee dismisses this as a "poetic fancy", but acknowledges the 'terrible' battles fought between the Rajputs and the Arabs.<ref>{{cite book |author=Anil Chandra Banerjee |title=Medieval studies |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12693 |year=1958 |publisher=A. Mukherjee & Co. |oclc=254699661 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12693/page/n31 19] }}</ref>
 ==Geography==
-The northern and eastern portions of Mewar are made up of an elevated plateau while the western and southern portions were rocky,throny and hilly with dense forests.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006213507|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Rajputana|publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing|year=1908|location=Calcutta|pages=106–168}}</ref> The watershed divide between drainage of the [[Bay of Bengal]] and drainage of the [[Gulf of Khambhat]] runs almost through the centre of Mewar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC|title=Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan Through the Ages Vol. 5|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2008|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|editor-last=Gupta|editor-first=R.K.|location=New Delhi|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC/page/n72 64]–77|editor-last2=Bakshi|editor-first2=S.R.}}</ref> The northern and eastern part of Mewar is a gently sloping plain, drained by the Bedach and [[Banas River]] and its tributaries, which empty northwest into the [[Chambal River]], a tributary of the [[Yamuna River]]. The southern and western part of the region is hilly, and marks the divide between the Banas and its tributaries and the headwaters of the [[Sabarmati River|Sabarmati]] and [[Mahi River|Mahi]] rivers and their tributaries, which drain south into the [[Gulf of Khambhat]] through [[Gujarat]] state. The [[Aravalli Range]], which forms the northwestern boundary of the region, is composed mostly of sedimentary rocks, like [[marble]] and [[Kota Stone]], which has traditionally been an important construction material.
+The northern and eastern portions of Mewar are made up of an elevated plateau while the western and southern portions were rocky and hilly with dense forests.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006213507|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India : Provincial Series Rajputana|publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing|year=1908|location=Calcutta|pages=106–168}}</ref> The watershed divide between drainage of the [[Bay of Bengal]] and drainage of the [[Gulf of Khambhat]] runs almost through the centre of Mewar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC|title=Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan Through the Ages Vol. 5|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2008|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|editor-last=Gupta|editor-first=R.K.|location=New Delhi|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC/page/n72 64]–77|editor-last2=Bakshi|editor-first2=S.R.}}</ref> The northern and eastern part of Mewar is a gently sloping plain, drained by the Bedach and [[Banas River]] and its tributaries, which empty northwest into the [[Chambal River]], a tributary of the [[Yamuna River]]. The southern and western part of the region is hilly, and marks the divide between the Banas and its tributaries and the headwaters of the [[Sabarmati River|Sabarmati]] and [[Mahi River|Mahi]] rivers and their tributaries, which drain south into the [[Gulf of Khambhat]] through [[Gujarat]] state. The [[Aravalli Range]], which forms the northwestern boundary of the region, is composed mostly of sedimentary rocks, like [[marble]] and [[Kota Stone]], which has traditionally been an important construction material.
 The region is part of the [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]' [[ecoregion]]. Protected areas include the [[Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary]], the [[Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]], the [[Bassi (sanctuary)|Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary]], the [[Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary]] and the [[Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary]].
 Mewar has a [[tropical]] climate. Rainfall averages 660&nbsp;mm/year, and is generally higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast of the region. Over 90% of the rain typically falls in the period of June to September every year, during the [[southwest monsoon]].
+According to the 2011 Census of India this region has a population of 9,045,726 people.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 67: / Line 98: @@
 [[Category:Regions of Rajasthan]]
 [[Category:Historical Indian regions]]
+[[Category:Regions of Madhya Pradesh]]
+[[Category:Regions of Gujarat]]

Latest revision as of 17:35, 18 December 2024

Etymology

Geography

See also

References

External links

Further reading