Jump to content

Oktoberfest celebrations: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
United States: wikilink
Around the world: adding section
 
(20 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 6: Line 6:
| type = National, Ethnic, Festive
| type = National, Ethnic, Festive
| image = Image:oktoberfest VGBelgrano.jpg
| image = Image:oktoberfest VGBelgrano.jpg
| caption = [[Oktoberfest]] in [[Villa General Belgrano]], [[Cordoba Province (Argentina)|Córdoba]], Argentina
| caption = [[Oktoberfest]] in [[Villa General Belgrano]], Córdoba, Argentina
| observedby = Germany, the Americas, Oceania and the world
| observedby = Germany, the Americas, Oceania and the world
| longtype = Multinational
| longtype = Multinational
Line 24: Line 24:


==Around the world==
==Around the world==
Outside of Germany, the largest Oktoberfest is in [[Kitchener, Ontario]] (formerly Berlin) and surrounding cities in [[Waterloo Region]], attracting over 700,000 visitors annually. The next largest Oktoberfest outside of Germany is mostly regarded as being in [[Blumenau]], Brazil with (700,000+ visitors),<ref name="Blumenau">{{cite web |url=http://www.oktoberfestblumenau.com.br/oktoberfest/estatisticas |title=Estatísticas ‹ Oktoberfest - A maior festa alemã das Américas - Blumenau – SC |access-date=2012-10-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018051623/http://www.oktoberfestblumenau.com.br/oktoberfest/estatisticas |archive-date=2012-10-18 }}</ref> [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]], Ohio, United States (500,000+ visitors)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cincinnati.metromix.com/events/best-of-award/festival/2450131/content |title=Oktoberfest-Zinzinnati |publisher=Cincinnati.metromix.com |access-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318164832/http://cincinnati.metromix.com/events/best-of-award/festival/2450131/content |archive-date=2012-03-18 }}</ref> and the Denver Oktoberfest [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]], [[Colorado]], United States (450,000+ visitors).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thedenveroktoberfest.com |title=Welcome to The Denver Oktoberfest |publisher=thedenveroktoberfest.com |access-date=2014-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920190825/http://thedenveroktoberfest.com/ |archive-date=2014-09-20 }}</ref> In New York City, there is even an Oktoberfest held under a big tent along the city's East River.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com|title=Oktoberfest 2017 Events - Info, Dates, Visitors Guide|website=oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531140201/http://oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com/|archive-date=2017-05-31}}</ref> However, the largest one mostly depends on specific year's numbers and varies with sources.<ref name="Top10">{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscanner.net/news/top-10-oktoberfest-s-around-world|title=Top 10 Oktoberfest celebrations around the world|website=skyscanner.net|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711191818/https://www.skyscanner.net/news/top-10-oktoberfest-s-around-world|archive-date=11 July 2017}}</ref> Currently Oktoberfest is spreading to new geographical locations; starting in September 2007, [[Montreal]] began hosting its own Oktoberfest. One can find Oktoberfest celebrations mixing German traditions, food and beer with local culture outside of Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com|title=Oktoberfest 2016 & 2017 Info, Dates and Event Guide|website=Oktoberfest 2016 & 2017 Info, Dates, Event Guide|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-03|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807163103/http://oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com/|archive-date=2016-08-07}}</ref>
Outside of Germany, three Oktoberfest events claim to be the largest after Munich’s, with over 700,000 visitors annually: the one in [[Blumenau]], Brazil;<ref name="Blumenau">{{cite web |url=http://www.oktoberfestblumenau.com.br/oktoberfest/estatisticas |title=Estatísticas ‹ Oktoberfest - A maior festa alemã das Américas - Blumenau – SC |access-date=2012-10-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018051623/http://www.oktoberfestblumenau.com.br/oktoberfest/estatisticas |archive-date=2012-10-18 }}</ref> the one in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], United States (700,000-800,000+ visitors);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cincinnati.metromix.com/events/best-of-award/festival/2450131/content |title=Oktoberfest-Zinzinnati |publisher=Cincinnati.metromix.com |access-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318164832/http://cincinnati.metromix.com/events/best-of-award/festival/2450131/content |archive-date=2012-03-18 }}</ref> and the one in [[Kitchener, Ontario]] (formerly Berlin) and surrounding cities in [[Waterloo Region]], Canada.
Other larger Oktoberfests include the Denver Oktoberfest [[Denver, Colorado]], United States (450,000+ visitors).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thedenveroktoberfest.com |title=Welcome to The Denver Oktoberfest |publisher=thedenveroktoberfest.com |access-date=2014-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920190825/http://thedenveroktoberfest.com/ |archive-date=2014-09-20 }}</ref> In New York City, there is even an Oktoberfest held under a big tent along the city's East River.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com|title=Oktoberfest 2017 Events - Info, Dates, Visitors Guide|website=oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531140201/http://oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com/|archive-date=2017-05-31}}</ref> However, the largest one mostly depends on specific year's numbers and varies with sources.<ref name="Top10">{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscanner.net/news/top-10-oktoberfest-s-around-world|title=Top 10 Oktoberfest celebrations around the world|website=skyscanner.net|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711191818/https://www.skyscanner.net/news/top-10-oktoberfest-s-around-world|archive-date=11 July 2017}}</ref> Currently Oktoberfest is spreading to new geographical locations; starting in September 2007, [[Montreal]] began hosting its own Oktoberfest. One can find Oktoberfest celebrations mixing German traditions, food and beer with local culture outside of Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com|title=Oktoberfest 2016 & 2017 Info, Dates and Event Guide|website=Oktoberfest 2016 & 2017 Info, Dates, Event Guide|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-03|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807163103/http://oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com/|archive-date=2016-08-07}}</ref>


===Argentina===
===Argentina===
The [[National Beer Festival]] (Fiesta Nacional de la Cerveza) is [[Argentina]]'s version of the German Oktoberfest. It has taken place every October since 1963 in Villa General Belgrano, Córdoba. The party emerged by the hand of the first German immigrants. This festival attracts thousands of tourists for two consecutive weekends.
The [[National Beer Festival]] (Fiesta Nacional de la Cerveza) is [[Argentina]]'s version of the German Oktoberfest. It has taken place every October since 1963 in [[Villa General Belgrano]], Córdoba. The party emerged by the hand of the first German immigrants. This festival attracts thousands of tourists for two consecutive weekends.


===Australia===
===Australia===
Line 48: Line 50:
===Canada===
===Canada===
{{main article|Kitchener–Waterloo Oktoberfest}}
{{main article|Kitchener–Waterloo Oktoberfest}}
In Canada there is an annual nine-day celebration spread over 18 days in [[Kitchener, Ontario|Kitchener]], [[Ontario]]. It attracts over 700,000 visitors annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/26-facts-about-kitchener-waterloo-oktoberfest-1.1991001 |title=26 facts about Kitchener-Waterloo Oktoberfest - Kitchener-Waterloo - CBC News |access-date=2017-10-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001004046/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/26-facts-about-kitchener-waterloo-oktoberfest-1.1991001 |archive-date=2017-10-01 }} Colin Butler, CBC News</ref> While its most popular draws are the [[beer]]-based celebrations, other cultural and entertainment attractions also fill the week. The most well-known is the parade held on [[Thanksgiving (Canada)|Thanksgiving Day]]. As the only major parade on [[Canadian Thanksgiving]], it is televised nationally. Coincidentally, the closing day of the Bavarian Oktoberfest also falls on the German equivalent of Thanksgiving, ''[[Erntedankfest]]''.
In Canada there is an annual nine-day celebration spread over 18 days in [[Kitchener, Ontario]]. It attracts over 700,000 visitors annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/26-facts-about-kitchener-waterloo-oktoberfest-1.1991001 |title=26 facts about Kitchener-Waterloo Oktoberfest - Kitchener-Waterloo - CBC News |access-date=2017-10-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001004046/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/26-facts-about-kitchener-waterloo-oktoberfest-1.1991001 |archive-date=2017-10-01 }} Colin Butler, CBC News</ref> While its most popular draws are the [[beer]]-based celebrations, other cultural and entertainment attractions also fill the week. The most well-known is the parade held on [[Thanksgiving (Canada)|Thanksgiving Day]]. As the only major parade on [[Canadian Thanksgiving]], it is televised nationally. Coincidentally, the closing day of the Bavarian Oktoberfest also falls on the German equivalent of Thanksgiving, ''[[Erntedankfest]]''.


The twin cities and surrounding area have a long history of German roots. Kitchener was [[Berlin to Kitchener name change|formerly named Berlin]]. A significant portion of the population of Kitchener and surrounding areas identify themselves as being of German descent, and many still speak [[German language|German]]. A common phrase at the celebrations is [[Gemütlichkeit]], German for congeniality, or warm friendliness.
The twin cities and surrounding area have a long history of German roots. Kitchener was [[Berlin to Kitchener name change|formerly named Berlin]]. A significant portion of the population of Kitchener and surrounding areas identify themselves as being of German descent, and many still speak [[German language|German]]. A common phrase at the celebrations is [[Gemütlichkeit]], German for congeniality, or warm friendliness.
Line 66: Line 68:
* [[Beijing]], held at the Paulaner Brauhaus in the Kempinski Hotel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newschinamag.com/magazine/oktoberfest-in-beijing|title=Oktoberfest in Beijing|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925110058/http://www.newschinamag.com/magazine/oktoberfest-in-beijing|archive-date=2015-09-25}}</ref> since 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeoutbeijing.com/features/Bars__Clubs/13207/Oktoberfest.html |title=Oktoberfest |website=timeoutbeijing.com |access-date=2016-06-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616212739/http://www.timeoutbeijing.com/features/Bars__Clubs/13207/Oktoberfest.html |archive-date=2016-06-16 }}</ref>
* [[Beijing]], held at the Paulaner Brauhaus in the Kempinski Hotel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newschinamag.com/magazine/oktoberfest-in-beijing|title=Oktoberfest in Beijing|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925110058/http://www.newschinamag.com/magazine/oktoberfest-in-beijing|archive-date=2015-09-25}}</ref> since 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeoutbeijing.com/features/Bars__Clubs/13207/Oktoberfest.html |title=Oktoberfest |website=timeoutbeijing.com |access-date=2016-06-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616212739/http://www.timeoutbeijing.com/features/Bars__Clubs/13207/Oktoberfest.html |archive-date=2016-06-16 }}</ref>
* [[Shanghai]], at the Paulaner Brauhaus<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oktoberfestshanghai.com/paulaner|title=Oktoberfest in Shanghai|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222062914/http://oktoberfestshanghai.com/paulaner|archive-date=2015-02-22}}</ref> and held since 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oktoberfestshanghai.com/renaissance|title=Oktoberfest Shanghai 2018 - Home|website=oktoberfestshanghai.com|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012071329/http://www.oktoberfestshanghai.com/renaissance|archive-date=12 October 2017}}</ref>
* [[Shanghai]], at the Paulaner Brauhaus<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oktoberfestshanghai.com/paulaner|title=Oktoberfest in Shanghai|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222062914/http://oktoberfestshanghai.com/paulaner|archive-date=2015-02-22}}</ref> and held since 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oktoberfestshanghai.com/renaissance|title=Oktoberfest Shanghai 2018 - Home|website=oktoberfestshanghai.com|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012071329/http://www.oktoberfestshanghai.com/renaissance|archive-date=12 October 2017}}</ref>
* [[Hong Kong]], [[Marco Polo German Bierfest]] has been held since 1992. The celebration takes place in mid October to early November at Marco Polo Hong Kong Hotel in [[Harbour City (Hong Kong)|Harbour City]], [[Tsim Sha Tsui]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gbfhk.com/|title=Marco Polo German Bierfest|website=Marco Polo German Bierfest|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031131234/https://www.gbfhk.com/|archive-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> Other events also take place in other spots in Hong Kong:
* [[Hong Kong]], [[Marco Polo German Bierfest]] has been held since 1992. The celebration takes place in mid October to early November at Marco Polo Hong Kong Hotel in [[Harbour City (Hong Kong)|Harbour City]], Tsim Sha Tsui.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gbfhk.com/|title=Marco Polo German Bierfest|website=Marco Polo German Bierfest|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031131234/https://www.gbfhk.com/|archive-date=31 October 2017}}</ref> Other events also take place in other spots in Hong Kong:
** Oktoberfest at Happy Valley Racecourse<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|url=http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/drink/oktoberfest-hong-kong-099266/|title=Oktoberfest in Hong Kong and Macau - CNN Travel|website=cnn.com|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009000504/http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/drink/oktoberfest-hong-kong-099266/|archive-date=9 October 2016}}</ref>
** Oktoberfest at Happy Valley Racecourse<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|url=http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/drink/oktoberfest-hong-kong-099266/|title=Oktoberfest in Hong Kong and Macau - CNN Travel|website=cnn.com|access-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009000504/http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/drink/oktoberfest-hong-kong-099266/|archive-date=9 October 2016}}</ref>
** Erdinger Oktoberfest at Indian Recreation Club<ref name="cnn.com"/>
** Erdinger Oktoberfest at Indian Recreation Club<ref name="cnn.com"/>
Line 77: Line 79:


Oktoberfest celebrations have become very popular with Indian hotels, restaurants and malls. Numerous such events happen in Indian metros in October. The most significant one is held since 2009 by the [[Indo-German Chamber of Commerce]] in [[Pune]], traditionally a large hub of German companies in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/interview-pune-is-the-largest-german-hub-in-india-1467853 |title=PUNE IS THE LARGEST GERMAN HUB IN INDIA |publisher=DNA India |date=2010-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228080514/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/interview-pune-is-the-largest-german-hub-in-india-1467853 |archive-date=2016-12-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Raise-your-mugs-its-time-to-celebrate-Oktoberfest/articleshow/23232128.cms |title=Raise your mugs, it's time to celebrate Oktoberfest! |publisher=Times of India |date=2013-09-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108050227/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Raise-your-mugs-its-time-to-celebrate-Oktoberfest/articleshow/23232128.cms |archive-date=2016-11-08 }}</ref>
Oktoberfest celebrations have become very popular with Indian hotels, restaurants and malls. Numerous such events happen in Indian metros in October. The most significant one is held since 2009 by the [[Indo-German Chamber of Commerce]] in [[Pune]], traditionally a large hub of German companies in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/interview-pune-is-the-largest-german-hub-in-india-1467853 |title=PUNE IS THE LARGEST GERMAN HUB IN INDIA |publisher=DNA India |date=2010-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228080514/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/interview-pune-is-the-largest-german-hub-in-india-1467853 |archive-date=2016-12-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Raise-your-mugs-its-time-to-celebrate-Oktoberfest/articleshow/23232128.cms |title=Raise your mugs, it's time to celebrate Oktoberfest! |publisher=Times of India |date=2013-09-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108050227/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Raise-your-mugs-its-time-to-celebrate-Oktoberfest/articleshow/23232128.cms |archive-date=2016-11-08 }}</ref>

===Japan===
Yokohama Japan holds an Oktoberfest celebration annually from late September through mid-October at its historic Red Brick Warehouse.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yokohama-akarenga.jp/event/detail/1054 |title=Yokohama Oktober Fest 2024|イベント|横浜赤レンガ倉庫 }}</ref>

=== Malaysia ===
Oktoberfest has been celebrated in [[Penang]] and [[Kuala Lumpur]] since the 1970s. Celebrations are said to be the liveliest in Penang, with annual festivities organised by the Malaysian German Society.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heather Chen |date=23 Sep 2022 |title=Oktoberfest is back. But religious politicians in this country want it banned |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/malaysia-oktoberfest-religious-controversy-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=19 Dec 2024 |work=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Since 2017, the Oktoberfest celebrations in Penang have included non-alcoholic beverages alongside beer.<ref>{{Cite news |title=4 Oct 2017 |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/397262 |access-date=19 Dec 2024 |work=[[Malaysiakini]]}}</ref>


===Palestine===
===Palestine===
An Oktoberfest celebration is held in the town of [[Taybeh]], in the ([[Taybeh Brewery]]). The first Taybeh Oktoberfest was held in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rawstory.com/news/2006/Palestinian_style_Oktoberfest_goes__09172006.html |title=Palestinian-style Oktoberfest goes down smooth By Adam Pines |publisher=The Raw Story |date=2006-09-17 |access-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205175839/http://rawstory.com/news/2006/Palestinian_style_Oktoberfest_goes__09172006.html |archive-date=2012-02-05 }}</ref>
An Oktoberfest celebration is held in the town of [[Taybeh, Ramallah|Taybeh]], in the ([[Taybeh Brewery]]). The first Taybeh Oktoberfest was held in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rawstory.com/news/2006/Palestinian_style_Oktoberfest_goes__09172006.html |title=Palestinian-style Oktoberfest goes down smooth By Adam Pines |publisher=The Raw Story |date=2006-09-17 |access-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205175839/http://rawstory.com/news/2006/Palestinian_style_Oktoberfest_goes__09172006.html |archive-date=2012-02-05 }}</ref>


===Philippines===
===Philippines===
Line 92: Line 100:
===Sri Lanka===
===Sri Lanka===


Oktoberfest celebration is held in [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]] every year.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}
Oktoberfest celebration is held in [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka every year.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}


===United States===
===United States===
Line 164: Line 172:
* [[Fredericksburg, Texas]]
* [[Fredericksburg, Texas]]
* [[Galveston, Texas]]
* [[Galveston, Texas]]
* [[Muenster, Texas]] (their version is called "Germanfest" and is held in April)
* [[New Braunfels, Texas]] (called Wurstfest). Began in 1961. Attendance typically ranges from 125,000 to 200,000 people.
* [[New Braunfels, Texas]] (called Wurstfest). Began in 1961. Attendance typically ranges from 125,000 to 200,000 people.
* [[Slaton, Texas]] ("Slaton Saint Joseph Sausage Festival," held on the third Sunday of October)
* [[Slaton, Texas]] ("Slaton Saint Joseph Sausage Festival," held on the third Sunday of October)
* [[Shiner, Texas]]
* [[Shiner, Texas]]
* at least 11 other Texas towns<ref name="txalmanac">{{cite web|url=https://texasalmanac.com/topics/culture/german/german-texans|title=German-Texans|publisher=Texas Almanac 1996-1997}}</ref>
* at least 11 other Texas towns<ref name="txalmanac">{{cite web|url=https://texasalmanac.com/topics/culture/german/german-texans|title=German-Texans|publisher=Texas Almanac 1996-1997}}</ref>
* [[Snowbird, Utah]], a resort in the mountains above Salt Lake City
* [[Snowbird, Utah]], a resort in the mountains above Salt Lake City
* neighborhood of [[Lago Mar, Virginia Beach, Virginia]];
* [[Lovettsville, Virginia]];
* [[Lovettsville, Virginia]];
* [[Martinsville, Virginia]]
* [[Martinsville, Virginia]]
Line 187: Line 193:
===Venezuela===
===Venezuela===


In [[Venezuela]], specifically in [[Colonia Tovar]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oktoberfestcoloniatovar.com/oktoberfest.php |title=温泉の魅力 – 温泉が自宅よりリラックスできるのはなぜ? |access-date=2015-10-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017043909/http://www.oktoberfestcoloniatovar.com/oktoberfest.php |archive-date=2015-10-17 }}? Official page of Colonia Tovar Oktoberfest in Venezuela</ref> it is held annually since 1970 . Sometimes music groups have been invited from Germany to interpret typical music. The Historic center of Colonia Tovar has a population of about 10,000 inhabitants and it is estimated that during the days of the event the town receives twice that in visitors.
In [[Venezuela]], specifically in [[Colonia Tovar]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oktoberfestcoloniatovar.com/oktoberfest.php |title=温泉の魅力 – 温泉が自宅よりリラックスできるのはなぜ? |access-date=2015-10-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017043909/http://www.oktoberfestcoloniatovar.com/oktoberfest.php |archive-date=2015-10-17 }}? Official page of Colonia Tovar Oktoberfest in Venezuela</ref> it is held annually since 1970. Sometimes music groups have been invited from Germany to interpret typical music. The Historic center of Colonia Tovar has a population of about 10,000 inhabitants and it is estimated that during the days of the event the town receives twice that in visitors.
In [[Greater Caracas]], it's celebrated in the suburb of [[El Hatillo Municipality|El Hatillo]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Oktoberfest arrives to El Hatillo|url=http://www.tuzonacaracas.com/municipio/el-hatillo/eventos/el-oktoberfest-llegara-al-casco-historico-de-el-hatillo|publisher=Tu Zona Caracas|access-date=18 October 2015|location=Caracas, Venezuela|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122014808/http://www.tuzonacaracas.com/municipio/el-hatillo/eventos/el-oktoberfest-llegara-al-casco-historico-de-el-hatillo|archive-date=22 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hernandez|first1=Jorge|title=Cultural exchange in El Hatillo with the Oktoberfest|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/caracas/141019/intercambio-cultural-hubo-en-el-hatillo-con-el-oktoberfest|access-date=18 October 2015|publisher=El Universal|date=19 October 2014|location=Caracas, Venezuela|language=es|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122103426/http://www.eluniversal.com/caracas/141019/intercambio-cultural-hubo-en-el-hatillo-con-el-oktoberfest|archive-date=22 November 2015}}</ref> it's sponsored by the embassy of Germany and Poland, and the German-speaking Catholic Community.
In [[Greater Caracas]], it's celebrated in the suburb of [[El Hatillo Municipality|El Hatillo]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Oktoberfest arrives to El Hatillo|url=http://www.tuzonacaracas.com/municipio/el-hatillo/eventos/el-oktoberfest-llegara-al-casco-historico-de-el-hatillo|publisher=Tu Zona Caracas|access-date=18 October 2015|location=Caracas, Venezuela|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122014808/http://www.tuzonacaracas.com/municipio/el-hatillo/eventos/el-oktoberfest-llegara-al-casco-historico-de-el-hatillo|archive-date=22 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hernandez|first1=Jorge|title=Cultural exchange in El Hatillo with the Oktoberfest|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/caracas/141019/intercambio-cultural-hubo-en-el-hatillo-con-el-oktoberfest|access-date=18 October 2015|publisher=El Universal|date=19 October 2014|location=Caracas, Venezuela|language=es|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122103426/http://www.eluniversal.com/caracas/141019/intercambio-cultural-hubo-en-el-hatillo-con-el-oktoberfest|archive-date=22 November 2015}}</ref> it's sponsored by the embassy of Germany and Poland, and the German-speaking Catholic Community.


===Zambia===
===Zambia===


Oktoberfest is celebrated annually in [[Zambia]] around 10 October at Fringilla, [[Chisamba]], [[Central Province, Zambia|Central Province]] and many other various locations in [[Lusaka]].{{fact|date=April 2023}}
Oktoberfest is celebrated annually in [[Zambia]] around 10 October at Fringilla, [[Chisamba]], Central Province and many other various locations in [[Lusaka]].{{fact|date=April 2023}}


==Europe==
==Europe==
Line 206: Line 212:


====Hannover====
====Hannover====
[[File:20050925-oktoberfest-hannover-archway.jpg|thumb|240px|An entrance arch to Oktoberfest Hannover in 2005]]
[[File:20050925-oktoberfest-hannover-archway.jpg|thumb|240px|An entrance arch to Hanover Oktoberfest in 2005]]
The Oktoberfest [[Hannover]] is a fair which takes place every year at the end of September/beginning of October.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.virtualnerves.in/womens-oktoberfest-outfits-2017/|title=Women's oktoberfest outfits 2017 -|date=September 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922093927/http://www.virtualnerves.in/womens-oktoberfest-outfits-2017/ |archive-date=2017-09-22 }}</ref> It usually lasts 17 days and features 140 rides and inns, two large beer tents seating more than a thousand people each, and numerous stands, beer gardens and five small beer tents offering food and refreshments. The program consists of a Dirndl-Competition, three Fireworks, two Family-Days, a hand lantern parade for kids and a backstage tour. You can get a special festival-beer from the local brewery "Brauerei Herrenhausen", the "Lüttje Lage" (an alcoholic speciality of Hannover) and many food from Lower Saxony and Bavaria. With around one million visitors each year, it is the second-largest Oktoberfest in Germany.
The [[Hanover]] Oktoberfest is a fair that takes place every year at the end of September or at the beginning of October.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.virtualnerves.in/womens-oktoberfest-outfits-2017/|title=Women's oktoberfest outfits 2017 -|date=September 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922093927/http://www.virtualnerves.in/womens-oktoberfest-outfits-2017/ |archive-date=2017-09-22 }}</ref> It usually lasts 17 days and features 140 rides and booths, two large beer tents seating more than a thousand people each, and numerous stands, beer gardens and five small beer tents offering food and refreshments. The program consists of a [[dirndl]] competition, three [[fireworks]], two family days, a [[Laternelaufen|hand lantern parade]] for kids and a backstage tour. You can get a special festival-beer from the local brewery [[Herrenhäuser Brewery]], the {{ill |Lüttje Lage |de|v=sup|lt=Lüttje Lage}} (an alcoholic speciality of Hannover) and many foods from Lower Saxony and Bavaria. With around one million visitors each year, it is the second-largest Oktoberfest in Germany.


====Berlin====
====Berlin====
Line 213: Line 219:


===Poland===
===Poland===
[[File:FDP21.jpg|right|thumb|240px|[[Festival of Good Beer]] in [[Wrocław]], [[Poland]]]]
{{Main article|Festival of Good Beer}}
{{Main article|Festival of Good Beer}}
[[File:FDP21.jpg|right|thumb|240px|Festival of Good Beer in [[Wrocław]], Poland]]


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 20:08, 18 December 2024

Oktoberfest
Oktoberfest in Villa General Belgrano, Córdoba, Argentina
Observed byGermany, the Americas, Oceania and the world
TypeMultinational
SignificanceCelebration of Bavarian culture
CelebrationsParades, food, music, folkloric dancing
DateThird Saturday in September
2023 dateSeptember 16  (2023-09-16)
2024 dateSeptember 21  (2024-09-21)
2025 dateSeptember 20  (2025-09-20)
2026 dateSeptember 19  (2026-09-19)
FrequencyAnnual
Related toOktoberfest

The Oktoberfest is a two-week festival held each year in Munich, Germany during late September and early October. It is attended by six million people each year and has inspired numerous similar events using the name Oktoberfest in Germany and around the world, many of which were founded by German immigrants or their descendants.

Around the world

[edit]

Outside of Germany, three Oktoberfest events claim to be the largest after Munich’s, with over 700,000 visitors annually: the one in Blumenau, Brazil;[1] the one in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (700,000-800,000+ visitors);[2] and the one in Kitchener, Ontario (formerly Berlin) and surrounding cities in Waterloo Region, Canada.

Other larger Oktoberfests include the Denver Oktoberfest Denver, Colorado, United States (450,000+ visitors).[3] In New York City, there is even an Oktoberfest held under a big tent along the city's East River.[4] However, the largest one mostly depends on specific year's numbers and varies with sources.[5] Currently Oktoberfest is spreading to new geographical locations; starting in September 2007, Montreal began hosting its own Oktoberfest. One can find Oktoberfest celebrations mixing German traditions, food and beer with local culture outside of Germany.[6]

Argentina

[edit]

The National Beer Festival (Fiesta Nacional de la Cerveza) is Argentina's version of the German Oktoberfest. It has taken place every October since 1963 in Villa General Belgrano, Córdoba. The party emerged by the hand of the first German immigrants. This festival attracts thousands of tourists for two consecutive weekends.

Australia

[edit]

In Australia, the universities are notorious in their celebrations of Oktoberfest every year, and as students graduated and moved on, this rolled over into pubs and restaurants in the university areas. After the 2012 Oktoberfest Party the University of New South Wales council banned the celebration of the festival on university campus grounds.[7]

Following the end of many of the university based events a private event company, Nokturnl Events, launched 'Oktoberfest in the Gardens'[8] in the Supreme Court Gardens, Perth on 7 October 2011. The event has since expanded to Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. The event now attracts over 50,000 patrons annually making it the largest Oktoberfest celebration in Australia.

Royal Melbourne Oktoberfest[9] is held within the world heritage listed Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne. Oktoberfest In The Gardens[10] is held in Melbourne Showgrounds. Sydney also have their instalment of this event located within Australian Technology Park.

The Harmonie German Club, Canberra, holds an Oktoberfest over a three-day period every year in October. The festival has been held for over 50 years, and attracts a large number of visitors from Canberra and surrounding regions.[11] In 2017 the event moved over the border to Queanbeyan in New South Wales and was held on 27 – 29 October.[12][13]

Brisbane celebrates its annual Brisbane Oktoberfest, which is considered Australia's largest German festival. It is held over the first two weekends in October and offers a variety of German beers, wines and food, beer hall music and dance and singing performances.

Since 1984, an annual Oktoberfest celebration has been held in the seaside village of Emu Park on Queensland's Capricorn Coast. The event is held in the town's Bell Park and is organised by the local Lions Club.[14][15]

Brazil

[edit]

In Brazil there are several Oktoberfests around the country, most of them in towns settled by Germans and Austrians in the Southern portion of the country (like the Oktoberfest of Blumenau, the Oktoberfest of Itapiranga, the Oktoberfest of Igrejinha, the Oktoberfest of Santa Cruz do Sul, the Oktoberfest of Rolândia, the Oktoberfest of São Jorge d'Oeste, the Oktoberfest of Ponta Grossa, the Oktoberfest of Marechal Cândido Rondon, among others). There are also Oktoberfests in other portions of the country (like the Oktoberfest in der Altstadt von Olinda, the Oktoberfest Cearense in Guaramiranga, the Oktoberfest do Club Transatlântico and the Oktoberfest do Brooklin in São Paulo, among others). The Oktoberfest of Blumenau is one of the largest German festivals around the world, attracting around one million people every year.

Canada

[edit]

In Canada there is an annual nine-day celebration spread over 18 days in Kitchener, Ontario. It attracts over 700,000 visitors annually.[16] While its most popular draws are the beer-based celebrations, other cultural and entertainment attractions also fill the week. The most well-known is the parade held on Thanksgiving Day. As the only major parade on Canadian Thanksgiving, it is televised nationally. Coincidentally, the closing day of the Bavarian Oktoberfest also falls on the German equivalent of Thanksgiving, Erntedankfest.

The twin cities and surrounding area have a long history of German roots. Kitchener was formerly named Berlin. A significant portion of the population of Kitchener and surrounding areas identify themselves as being of German descent, and many still speak German. A common phrase at the celebrations is Gemütlichkeit, German for congeniality, or warm friendliness.

Oktoberfest celebrations are also held annually in Sherbrooke, Quebec at the beginning of October. The one night event is held by Université de Sherbrooke's Engineering Students' Association. It draws approximately 6,000 revellers each year.[17]

Two smaller events take place in the Greater Toronto Area:

Chile

[edit]

In Chile bierfests are celebrated in Valdivia, Puerto Octay, Puerto Varas, Frutillar and Llanquihue and Malloco.

China

[edit]
  • Qingdao has the largest Oktoberfest celebration in all of China with celebrations since 1991. Around 4 million have participated.[20]
  • Beijing, held at the Paulaner Brauhaus in the Kempinski Hotel[21] since 1993.[22]
  • Shanghai, at the Paulaner Brauhaus[23] and held since 1997.[24]
  • Hong Kong, Marco Polo German Bierfest has been held since 1992. The celebration takes place in mid October to early November at Marco Polo Hong Kong Hotel in Harbour City, Tsim Sha Tsui.[25] Other events also take place in other spots in Hong Kong:
    • Oktoberfest at Happy Valley Racecourse[26]
    • Erdinger Oktoberfest at Indian Recreation Club[26]
  • Macau MGM Macau hosted their first Oktoberfest in 2011[26]

Colombia

[edit]

In Colombia it is sponsored by Bavaria Brewery. A series of concerts and events are held along different cities, with special emphasis in those with German background like Bucaramanga.

India

[edit]

Oktoberfest celebrations have become very popular with Indian hotels, restaurants and malls. Numerous such events happen in Indian metros in October. The most significant one is held since 2009 by the Indo-German Chamber of Commerce in Pune, traditionally a large hub of German companies in India.[27][28]

Japan

[edit]

Yokohama Japan holds an Oktoberfest celebration annually from late September through mid-October at its historic Red Brick Warehouse.[29]

Malaysia

[edit]

Oktoberfest has been celebrated in Penang and Kuala Lumpur since the 1970s. Celebrations are said to be the liveliest in Penang, with annual festivities organised by the Malaysian German Society.[30] Since 2017, the Oktoberfest celebrations in Penang have included non-alcoholic beverages alongside beer.[31]

Palestine

[edit]

An Oktoberfest celebration is held in the town of Taybeh, in the (Taybeh Brewery). The first Taybeh Oktoberfest was held in 2005.[32]

Philippines

[edit]

Oktoberfest beer and music festival celebrations held usually from September up to December. It is organized by San Miguel Brewery, which is the makers of San Miguel Beer and other alcoholic beverages. The 2015 edition of their Oktoberfest, was coincided with the 125th anniversary of San Miguel Beer Pale Pilsen.[33]

Russia

[edit]

South Africa

[edit]

Oktoberfest is celebrated annually in mid September at various German schools around the country most notably the Deutsche Schule Pretoria.

Sri Lanka

[edit]

Oktoberfest celebration is held in Colombo, Sri Lanka every year.[citation needed]

United States

[edit]

German-Americans are the largest self-reported ancestral group in the United States. Correspondingly,[vague] there are hundreds of large and small Oktoberfest celebrations held annually throughout the country, the largest being Oktoberfest Zinzinnati in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Oktoberfest in Redwood City, California
Oktoberfest in Tulsa, Oklahoma

Known for its large German immigrant population, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and its historic Pennsylvania Dutch (Pennsylvania Deutsch) population are well known to have many Oktoberfest celebrations during the months of September and October. These celebrations became increasingly popular among the general Commonwealth population in the later half of the 20th century with the rise of microbreweries, and with the opening of authentic German brew houses such as Hofbrauhaus in Pittsburgh, PA.

Other major celebrations across the United States include those at:

Vietnam

[edit]

Oktoberfest celebrations are co-organized annually by the German Business Association in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.[48] In 2012, Oktoberfest Vietnam in Ho Chi Minh City celebrated its 20th year with a seven-day event.[49]

Venezuela

[edit]

In Venezuela, specifically in Colonia Tovar,[50] it is held annually since 1970. Sometimes music groups have been invited from Germany to interpret typical music. The Historic center of Colonia Tovar has a population of about 10,000 inhabitants and it is estimated that during the days of the event the town receives twice that in visitors. In Greater Caracas, it's celebrated in the suburb of El Hatillo,[51][52] it's sponsored by the embassy of Germany and Poland, and the German-speaking Catholic Community.

Zambia

[edit]

Oktoberfest is celebrated annually in Zambia around 10 October at Fringilla, Chisamba, Central Province and many other various locations in Lusaka.[citation needed]

Europe

[edit]

Germany

[edit]

Bavaria

[edit]

Note that traditional fairs in Bavaria, called Dult, Volksfest (popular festival) etc., are similar to the Oktoberfest in nature (not in size), but not called Oktoberfest as they did not arise in imitation of it. Of these, the Gäubodenvolksfest of Straubing enjoys particular fame.

Munich - The Original
[edit]
Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany

Hannover

[edit]
An entrance arch to Hanover Oktoberfest in 2005

The Hanover Oktoberfest is a fair that takes place every year at the end of September or at the beginning of October.[53] It usually lasts 17 days and features 140 rides and booths, two large beer tents seating more than a thousand people each, and numerous stands, beer gardens and five small beer tents offering food and refreshments. The program consists of a dirndl competition, three fireworks, two family days, a hand lantern parade for kids and a backstage tour. You can get a special festival-beer from the local brewery Herrenhäuser Brewery, the Lüttje Lage [de] (an alcoholic speciality of Hannover) and many foods from Lower Saxony and Bavaria. With around one million visitors each year, it is the second-largest Oktoberfest in Germany.

Berlin

[edit]

Oktoberfest in Berlin continues to grow. Several large areas, including Alexanderplatz and Zentraler Festplatz, are turned into Bavarian-like beer and food tents. Live brass Bavarian bands play at venues around town and people can be seen in traditional Bavarian dress around the city. Many places also serve the official Oktoberfest beers that are made in Munich. These events last from mid-September to early-mid October, and are the largest Oktoberfest events outside of Munich.[54]

Poland

[edit]
Festival of Good Beer in Wrocław, Poland

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Estatísticas ‹ Oktoberfest - A maior festa alemã das Américas - Blumenau – SC". Archived from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2012-10-17.
  2. ^ "Oktoberfest-Zinzinnati". Cincinnati.metromix.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
  3. ^ "Welcome to The Denver Oktoberfest". thedenveroktoberfest.com. Archived from the original on 2014-09-20. Retrieved 2014-09-16.
  4. ^ "Oktoberfest 2017 Events - Info, Dates, Visitors Guide". oktoberfestbeerfestivals.com. Archived from the original on 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
  5. ^ "Top 10 Oktoberfest celebrations around the world". skyscanner.net. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  6. ^ "Oktoberfest 2016 & 2017 Info, Dates and Event Guide". Oktoberfest 2016 & 2017 Info, Dates, Event Guide. Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2016-07-03.
  7. ^ Griffin, Renée (8 August 2013). "Why Oktoberfest 2013 was Cancelled". Tharunka. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2017..
  8. ^ "Oktoberfest in the Gardens". oktoberfestinthegardens.com.au. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  9. ^ "Royal Melbourne Oktoberfest". Royal Melbourne Oktoberfest.
  10. ^ "Oktoberfest In The Gardens". Oktoberfest In The Gardens.
  11. ^ "Oktoberfest". harmonieclub.com.au. Harmonie German Club. Archived from the original on 2008-07-19. Retrieved 2008-07-19.
  12. ^ Williams, Elliot (2017-10-28). "Queanbeyan hosts first Oktoberfest after 50 years in Canberra". Canberra Times. Fairfax. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
  13. ^ Hall, James (25 February 2017). "Queanbeyan cashes in as the new home for Oktoberfest". Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  14. ^ Cardwell, Kate (2 November 2015). "Stein Time". 7 News Central Queensland-Facebook. Seven Network. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  15. ^ "Emu Park Oktoberfest". emuparklions.com. Emu Park Lions. Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  16. ^ "26 facts about Kitchener-Waterloo Oktoberfest - Kitchener-Waterloo - CBC News". Archived from the original on 2017-10-01. Retrieved 2017-10-26. Colin Butler, CBC News
  17. ^ "L'Oktoberfest – Oktoberfest XVI". Oktoberfest XVI. Retrieved 2016-12-06.[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ "Toronto Oktoberfest - HOME". Toronto Oktoberfest - HOME. Archived from the original on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  19. ^ "Unionville Oktoberfest". guidingstar.ca. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  20. ^ "Millions gather for Chinese Oktoberfest". 7 August 2015. Archived from the original on 2018-04-07.
  21. ^ "Oktoberfest in Beijing". Archived from the original on 2015-09-25.
  22. ^ "Oktoberfest". timeoutbeijing.com. Archived from the original on 2016-06-16. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
  23. ^ "Oktoberfest in Shanghai". Archived from the original on 2015-02-22.
  24. ^ "Oktoberfest Shanghai 2018 - Home". oktoberfestshanghai.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  25. ^ "Marco Polo German Bierfest". Marco Polo German Bierfest. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  26. ^ a b c "Oktoberfest in Hong Kong and Macau - CNN Travel". cnn.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  27. ^ "PUNE IS THE LARGEST GERMAN HUB IN INDIA". DNA India. 2010-09-17. Archived from the original on 2016-12-28.
  28. ^ "Raise your mugs, it's time to celebrate Oktoberfest!". Times of India. 2013-09-29. Archived from the original on 2016-11-08.
  29. ^ "Yokohama Oktober Fest 2024|イベント|横浜赤レンガ倉庫".
  30. ^ Heather Chen (23 Sep 2022). "Oktoberfest is back. But religious politicians in this country want it banned". CNN. Retrieved 19 Dec 2024.
  31. ^ "4 Oct 2017". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 19 Dec 2024.
  32. ^ "Palestinian-style Oktoberfest goes down smooth By Adam Pines". The Raw Story. 2006-09-17. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
  33. ^ "Beer, music, stars, history in San Miguel Oktoberfest". Edge Davao. Archived from the original on January 17, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2015.
  34. ^ "Oktoberfest Moscow". Archived from the original on 2015-04-14. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
  35. ^ "Oktoberfest". Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  36. ^ "5K Kicks off Saturday's Oktoberfest Fun - Story". Archived from the original on 2016-04-18. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  37. ^ "Event Espresso Showcase". Archived from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2017-01-06.
  38. ^ "Phoenix Oktoberfest 2011 - Arizona Center for Germanic Cultures Inc". Phoenixoktoberfest.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
  39. ^ "Colorado Council of Arts, Science and Culture". Archived from the original on 2015-01-01. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  40. ^ "Parker Oktoberfest". Archived from the original on 2014-12-18. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
  41. ^ "Oktoberfest". Frankenmuthfestivals.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-11. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
  42. ^ "Oktoberfest West Michigan". Oktoberfest Info for West Michigan. Retrieved 2016-08-15.
  43. ^ "Norfolk Oktoberfest". norfolkareachamber.com/. Archived from the original on 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
  44. ^ "Mt Angel Oktoberfest-Home". oktoberfest.org. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  45. ^ "Sprankles-Octoberfest". spranklesoctoberfest.com. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  46. ^ "German-Texans". Texas Almanac 1996-1997.
  47. ^ "Oktoberfest 2016 & 2017 Info, Dates and Event Guide". Oktoberfest 2016 & 2017 Info, Dates, Event Guide. Archived from the original on 2016-08-07. Retrieved 2016-07-04.
  48. ^ "German Business Association". gba-vietnam.org. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  49. ^ "Oktoberfest Vietnam 2018 - Windsor Plaza Hotel". oktoberfestvietnam.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  50. ^ "温泉の魅力 – 温泉が自宅よりリラックスできるのはなぜ?". Archived from the original on 2015-10-17. Retrieved 2015-10-18.? Official page of Colonia Tovar Oktoberfest in Venezuela
  51. ^ "Oktoberfest arrives to El Hatillo" (in Spanish). Caracas, Venezuela: Tu Zona Caracas. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  52. ^ Hernandez, Jorge (19 October 2014). "Cultural exchange in El Hatillo with the Oktoberfest" (in Spanish). Caracas, Venezuela: El Universal. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  53. ^ "Women's oktoberfest outfits 2017 -". September 22, 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-09-22.
  54. ^ "spyonberlin.com". www.spyonberlin.com. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014.
[edit]