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{{Short description|Protein in humans}}
==C13orf16==
{{infobox gene}}


'''Chromosome 13 open reading frame 16''' is a [[protein]] in [[homo sapiens]] encoded by the ''C13orf16'' [[gene]]. There is one alias name, '''TEX29''', for the high testis expression of this gene due to [[spermatogenesis]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Home - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=GeneCards |url=https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TEX29 |access-date=December 13, 2024 |website=GeneCards}}</ref>


C13orf16 in Homo sapiens is located on the long arm of chromosome 13 at q34.<ref name=":1" /> The spliced gene is 859 [[Nucleotide|nucleotides]], has 7 [[exons]] and is located on the plus strand.<ref name=":0" />
===Table of Contents===


C13orf16 is ubiquitously expressed among human tissues, with significantly higher expression in brain tissues, specifically in the [[hippocampus]] and [[cerebellum]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=AceView: Gene:C13orf16, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?db=human&term=c13orf16&submit=Go |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>


==Introduction==
== Protein ==
The human C13orf16 protein encoded by the [[mRNA]] sequence is 174 amino acids in length.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Home - Protein - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> The molecular weight without post-transitional modifications is 18.4 KD<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SAPS |url=https://www.ebi.ac.uk/jdispatcher/seqstats/saps |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.ebi.ac.uk}}</ref> and the basal [[isoelectric point]] value is 4.99 pH.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhosphoSitePlus |url=https://www.phosphosite.org/homeAction.action |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.phosphosite.org}}</ref>
Chromosome 13 open reading frame 16 is a [[protein]] in [[homo sapiens]], encoded by the C13orf16 [[Gene|gene]].


Human C13orf16 is localized both intracellularly, in the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]], and extracellularly with one [[transmembrane domain]] from amino acids 80-102.<ref name=":2" /> There are no [[asparagine]]s, resulting in no [[N-glycosylation]] sites.<ref name=":3" />
==> Gene==
C13orf16 is a [[Gene|gene]] found in [[homo sapiens]]. It is located on Chromosome 13 on the minus strand, in regions 13 to 88.<ref>[1]</ref>
==> Transcript==


There are five interacting proteins for human C13orf16, all identified by physical interactions.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=GeneMANIA |url=https://genemania.org/search/homo-sapiens/c13orf16/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=genemania.org}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=TEX29 Result Summary {{!}} BioGRID |url=https://thebiogrid.org/125748/summary/homo-sapiens/tex29.html |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=thebiogrid.org}}</ref>
==> Protein==
The protein encoded by the [[mRNA]] sequence is 122 amino acids in length<ref>[2]</ref>.


{| class="wikitable"
|+ Interacting proteins for human C13orf16 protein<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
|-
! Abbreviated Name
! Full Name
! Brief Description
|-
|PTS
|6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase
|Elimination of inorganic triphosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate


(2nd and irreversible step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP)
==> Orthologs==
|-
The C13orf16 protein was only found to have orthologs in mammals and most distantly found in the Proboscidea taxonomic group.
|SLC16A2
In the table below, there shows 20 orthologs of C13orf16 protein from Homo sapien sequence. Sorted first by estimated date of divergence, then by sequence identity to the human C13orf16 protein. Color coordinated by species taxonomic group. C13orf16 protein is only found in mammals.
|Solute Carrier Family 16 Member 2
|Non-redundant, thyroid hormone transporter
|-
|STEAP3
|STEAP Family Member 3, Metalloreductase
|Iron transporter, can reduce both iron (Fe3+) and copper (Cu2+) cations
|-
|SLC4A7
|Solute Carrier Family 4  Member 7
|Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, transports sodium and bicarbonate ions in a 1:1 ratio, considered an electroneutral cotransporter
|-
|SLC6A15
|Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 15
|Neutral amino acid transporter, predicted to play a role in neuronal amino acid transport
|}


== Homology and evolution==
[[File:Mammalian Orthologs of Human Protein C13orf16.png|thumb]]
The C13orf16 protein was only found to have [[orthologs]] in [[Placentalia|placental mammals]] and most distantly found in the [[Proboscidea]] [[taxonomic group]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query |url=https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PAGE=Proteins |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
In the table below, orthologs are sorted first by estimated date of divergence, then by sequence identity to the human C13orf16 protein.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life |url=https://timetree.org/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=timetree.org |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Orthologs of human C13orf16 protein
|-
|Genus & Species
|Common Name
|Taxonomic Group
|Date of Divergence (MYA)
|Accession Number<ref name=":2" />
|Sequence Length (aa)
|Sequence Identity to Human Protein
|Sequence Similarity to Human Protein
|-
|''Homo sapiens''
|[[Human]]
|[[Primate|Primates]]
|0
|NP_001290062
|174
|100%
|100%
|-
|''Nomascus leucogenys''
|[[Gibbon|Northern Gibbon]]
|[[Primate|Primates]]
|19.5
|XP_012362426
|173
|91%
|94.80%
|-
|''Macaca mulatta''
|[[Rhesus macaque|Rhesus Macaque]]
|[[Primate|Primates]]
|28.8
|XP_028693172
|182
|44.30%
|51.70%
|-
|''Cebus imitator''
|[[White-faced capuchin|White-faced Capuchin]]
|[[Primate|Primates]]
|43
|XP_037585341
|179
|70.60%
|77.80%
|-
|''Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii''
|[[Deer Mouse]]
|[[Rodent|Rodentia]]
|87
|XP_042118685
|176
|27.20%
|38.60%
|-
|''Peromyscus leucopus''
|[[White-footed mouse|White-Footed Mouse]]
|[[Rodent|Rodentia]]
|87
|XP_037067483
|176
|26.70%
|38.60%
|-
|''Oryctolagus cuniculus''
|[[European rabbit|European Rabbit]]
|[[Lagomorpha]]
|87
|XP_051685630
|143
|25.80%
|30.80%
|-
|''Phoca vitulina''
|[[Harbor seal|Harbor Seal]]
|[[Carnivora]]
|94
|XP_032258415
|162
|34%
|43.50%
|-
|''Neofelis nebulosa''
|[[Clouded leopard|Clouded Leopard]]
|[[Carnivora]]
|94
|XP_058598545
|165
|34.00%
|45.20%
|-
|''Phacochoerus africanus''
|[[Warthog]]
|[[Artiodactyl|Artiodactyla]]
|94
|XP_047612273
|171
|32.10%
|41.80%
|-
|''Balaenoptera ricei''
|[[Rice's whale|Rice's Whale]]
|[[Artiodactyl|Artiodactyla]]
|94
|XP_059759229
|147
|29.30%
|36.40%
|-
|''Hyaena hyaena''
|[[Striped hyena|Striped Hyena]]
|[[Carnivora]]
|94
|XP_039082615
|151
|29.00%
|39.40%
|-
|''Ailuropoda melanoleuca''
|[[Giant panda|Giant Panda]]
|[[Carnivora]]
|94
|XP_034521380
|147
|25%
|31.20%
|-
|''Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko''
|[[Hippopotamus|East African Hippo]]
|[[Artiodactyl|Artiodactyla]]
|94
|XP_057563793
|147
|23.70%
|34.30%
|-
|''Artibeus jamaicensis''
|[[Jamaican fruit bat|Jamacian Fruit Bat]]
|[[Chiroptera]]
|94
|XP_036993559.2
|149
|21.70%
|30.40%
|-
|''Vulpes lagopus''
|[[Arctic fox|Arctic Fox]]
|[[Carnivora]]
|94
|XP_041586767
|178
|21.7%%
|30.0%%
|-
|''Equus caballus''
|[[Horse]]
|[[Perissodactyla]]
|94
|XP_005601398
|136
|20.80%
|27.00%
|-
|''Talpa occidentalis''
|[[Spanish mole|Spanish Mole]]
|[[Talpidae]]
|94
|XP_037383406
|162
|19.30%
|25.00%
|-
|''Diceros bicornis minor''
|[[Black rhinoceros|Black Rhino]]
|[[Perissodactyla]]
|94
|XP_058403718
|181
|18.80%
|24%
|-
|''Elephas maximus indicus''
|[[Indian elephant|Indian Elephant]]
|[[Proboscidea]]
|99
|XP_049723476
|145
|23.80%
|35.10%
|}


== References ==
{{reflist}}






[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 13]]

[[Category:Human proteins]]

==> Paralogs==
After searching through text-based findings as well as the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]] BLAST database, there are no known [[paralogs]] of the C13orf16 protein in [[Homo sapiens]].

==> Homologs==
There are currently no known [[paralogs]] of C13orf16.
[[Orthologs]] can be found in most major mammalian groups.<ref>[3]</ref>



===Citations===
<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001069929.1</ref>
<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001069929.1?report=fasta</ref>
https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PAGE=Proteins

Latest revision as of 09:45, 19 December 2024

TEX29
Identifiers
AliasesTEX29, C13orf16, bA474D23.1, testis expressed 29
External IDsHomoloGene: 51840; GeneCards: TEX29; OMA:TEX29 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

121793

n/a

Ensembl

ENSG00000153495

n/a

UniProt

Q8N6K0

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_152324
NM_001303133

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001290062
NP_689537

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 13: 111.32 – 111.34 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2]n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Chromosome 13 open reading frame 16 is a protein in homo sapiens encoded by the C13orf16 gene. There is one alias name, TEX29, for the high testis expression of this gene due to spermatogenesis.[3][4]

C13orf16 in Homo sapiens is located on the long arm of chromosome 13 at q34.[4] The spliced gene is 859 nucleotides, has 7 exons and is located on the plus strand.[3]

C13orf16 is ubiquitously expressed among human tissues, with significantly higher expression in brain tissues, specifically in the hippocampus and cerebellum.[3][5]

Protein

[edit]

The human C13orf16 protein encoded by the mRNA sequence is 174 amino acids in length.[6] The molecular weight without post-transitional modifications is 18.4 KD[7] and the basal isoelectric point value is 4.99 pH.[8]

Human C13orf16 is localized both intracellularly, in the nucleus, and extracellularly with one transmembrane domain from amino acids 80-102.[6] There are no asparagines, resulting in no N-glycosylation sites.[7]

There are five interacting proteins for human C13orf16, all identified by physical interactions.[4][9][10]

Interacting proteins for human C13orf16 protein[4][9][10]
Abbreviated Name Full Name Brief Description
PTS 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase Elimination of inorganic triphosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate

(2nd and irreversible step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP)

SLC16A2 Solute Carrier Family 16 Member 2 Non-redundant, thyroid hormone transporter
STEAP3 STEAP Family Member 3, Metalloreductase Iron transporter, can reduce both iron (Fe3+) and copper (Cu2+) cations
SLC4A7 Solute Carrier Family 4  Member 7 Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, transports sodium and bicarbonate ions in a 1:1 ratio, considered an electroneutral cotransporter
SLC6A15 Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 15 Neutral amino acid transporter, predicted to play a role in neuronal amino acid transport

Homology and evolution

[edit]

The C13orf16 protein was only found to have orthologs in placental mammals and most distantly found in the Proboscidea taxonomic group.[11] In the table below, orthologs are sorted first by estimated date of divergence, then by sequence identity to the human C13orf16 protein.[12]

Orthologs of human C13orf16 protein
Genus & Species Common Name Taxonomic Group Date of Divergence (MYA) Accession Number[6] Sequence Length (aa) Sequence Identity to Human Protein Sequence Similarity to Human Protein
Homo sapiens Human Primates 0 NP_001290062 174 100% 100%
Nomascus leucogenys Northern Gibbon Primates 19.5 XP_012362426 173 91% 94.80%
Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Primates 28.8 XP_028693172 182 44.30% 51.70%
Cebus imitator White-faced Capuchin Primates 43 XP_037585341 179 70.60% 77.80%
Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii Deer Mouse Rodentia 87 XP_042118685 176 27.20% 38.60%
Peromyscus leucopus White-Footed Mouse Rodentia 87 XP_037067483 176 26.70% 38.60%
Oryctolagus cuniculus European Rabbit Lagomorpha 87 XP_051685630 143 25.80% 30.80%
Phoca vitulina Harbor Seal Carnivora 94 XP_032258415 162 34% 43.50%
Neofelis nebulosa Clouded Leopard Carnivora 94 XP_058598545 165 34.00% 45.20%
Phacochoerus africanus Warthog Artiodactyla 94 XP_047612273 171 32.10% 41.80%
Balaenoptera ricei Rice's Whale Artiodactyla 94 XP_059759229 147 29.30% 36.40%
Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyena Carnivora 94 XP_039082615 151 29.00% 39.40%
Ailuropoda melanoleuca Giant Panda Carnivora 94 XP_034521380 147 25% 31.20%
Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko East African Hippo Artiodactyla 94 XP_057563793 147 23.70% 34.30%
Artibeus jamaicensis Jamacian Fruit Bat Chiroptera 94 XP_036993559.2 149 21.70% 30.40%
Vulpes lagopus Arctic Fox Carnivora 94 XP_041586767 178 21.7%% 30.0%%
Equus caballus Horse Perissodactyla 94 XP_005601398 136 20.80% 27.00%
Talpa occidentalis Spanish Mole Talpidae 94 XP_037383406 162 19.30% 25.00%
Diceros bicornis minor Black Rhino Perissodactyla 94 XP_058403718 181 18.80% 24%
Elephas maximus indicus Indian Elephant Proboscidea 99 XP_049723476 145 23.80% 35.10%

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000153495 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ^ a b c "Home - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  4. ^ a b c d "GeneCards". GeneCards. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
  5. ^ "AceView: Gene:C13orf16, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  6. ^ a b c "Home - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  7. ^ a b "SAPS". www.ebi.ac.uk. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  8. ^ "PhosphoSitePlus". www.phosphosite.org. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  9. ^ a b "GeneMANIA". genemania.org. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  10. ^ a b "TEX29 Result Summary | BioGRID". thebiogrid.org. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  11. ^ "Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
  12. ^ "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life". timetree.org. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
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