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{{Short description|British architect (1766–1840)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox architect
{{Infobox architect
|name = Benjamin Gummow
| name = Benjamin Gummow
|image = File:Brogyntyn Hall, Oswestry.jpg|
| image = File:Brogyntyn Hall, Oswestry.jpg|
|image_size =
| image_size =
|caption = Brogyntyn Hall, Oswestry
| caption = Brogyntyn Hall, Oswestry
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| birth_date = 1766
|nationality = English
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| birth_place = St Endellion, Cornwall
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|birth_date = 1766
| death_date = {{death year and age|1844|1766}}
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|birth_place = St Endellion, Cornwall
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| death_place = Ruabon, Wales
|death_date = 1844
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| alma_mater = Probably a pupil of [[Samuel Pepys Cockerell|S P Cockerell]]
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|death_place = Ruabon, Wales
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| practice =
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|alma_mater =Probably a pupil of [[Samuel Pepys Cockerell|S P Cockerell]]
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| significant_buildings = Eaton Hall, Cheshire
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|practice =
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| significant_projects =
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|significant_buildings = Eaton Hall, Cheshire
| awards =
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|significant_projects =
|awards =
}}
}}


'''Benjamin Gummow''' (1766-1840) was an architect who worked from [[Ruabon]] near Wrexham in Wales. He worked almost exclusively for [[Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet|Sir Watkin Williams Wynne]] of [[Wynnstay]], Ruabon and the Grosvenor family of [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]] near Chester. He was born in [[St Endellion]] in Cornwall in 1766 and died at Ruabon in March 1844.<ref>Colvin H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840 Yale University Press, 3rd edition London, 1995 435-6.</ref>
'''Benjamin Gummow''' (1766–1840) was an architect who worked from [[Ruabon]] near Wrexham in Wales. He worked almost exclusively for [[Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet|Sir Watkin Williams Wynn]] of [[Wynnstay]], Ruabon and the [[Duke of Westminster|Grosvenor family]] of [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]] near Chester. He was born in [[St Endellion]] in Cornwall in 1766 and died at Ruabon in March 1844.<ref>Colvin, H. ''A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840''. Yale University Press, 3rd ed. London, 1995 435–6.</ref>


==Architectural career==
==Architectural career==
Gummow is first noted as a clerk of the works for the architect [[Samuel Pepys Cockerell]] for the alterations to St Margaret’s Church, Westminster in 1799-1802.<ref>”Colvin” 439</ref> Gummow was associated with the architect [[William Porden]] who had been a pupil of Cockerell and c.1785 Porden was appointed surveyor to the [[Grosvenor Group|Grosvenor Estates]].<ref>”Colvin” p 772</ref> In 1802 [[Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster|Robert Grosvenor]] succeeded to the title of Earl Grosvenor, and shortly afterwards commissioned Porden to rebuild [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]] near Chester. Gummow was appointed supervising architect for the project by Porden and at this time he moved to the Chester area.<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref> The project lasted between 1803 and 1814. Gummow and Porden did not get on too well and in 1807 Porden said to Earl Grosvenor that Gummow ‘speaks without thinking, and is the most inconsistent of men that I ever met’.<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref> Gummow, apart from working at Eaton Hall also undertook the building of Littleton Hall, [[Christleton]] in Cheshire in 1806, additions to [[Nercwys]] Hall between 1813 and 1820 and the building of a portico and other alterations for the Ormsby-Gores at [[Brogyntyn]], near Oswestry in Shropshire <ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref>
Gummow is first noted as a clerk of the works for the architect [[Samuel Pepys Cockerell]] for the alterations to [[St Margaret's Church, Westminster]] from 1799 to 1802.<ref>"Colvin" 439</ref> Gummow was associated with the architect [[William Porden]] who had been a pupil of Cockerell; about 1785 Porden was appointed surveyor to the [[Grosvenor Group|Grosvenor Estates]].<ref>"Colvin" p 772</ref> In 1802 [[Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster|Robert Grosvenor]] succeeded to the title of Earl Grosvenor, and shortly afterwards commissioned Porden to rebuild [[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]] near Chester. Gummow was appointed supervising architect for the project by Porden and at this time he moved to the Chester area.<ref name="auto">"Colvin" p 436</ref> The project lasted between 1803 and 1814. Gummow and Porden did not get on too well and in 1807 Porden said to Earl Grosvenor that Gummow "speaks without thinking, and is the most inconsistent of men that I ever met".<ref name="auto1">"Colvin" p. 436</ref> Gummow, apart from working at Eaton Hall also undertook the building of Littleton Hall, [[Christleton]] in Cheshire in 1806, additions to [[Nercwys]] Hall between 1813 and 1820 and the building of a portico and other alterations for the Ormsby-Gores at [[Brogyntyn]], near Oswestry in Shropshire<ref name="auto"/>
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[[File:Eaton Hall - Porden.jpg|thumb|Eaton Hall. The additional wings on the left and right were the work of Benjamin Gummow]]
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By 1819 he started to be employed as the surveyor of [[Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet|Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn]] of [[Wynnstay]]‘s estates at Ruabon near Wrexham.<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref> In 1821 Porden was forced to resign from the surveyorship of the Grosvenor Estates and Earl Grosvenor then appointed Gummow to add further Gothic wings to Eaton Hall. In doing this Gummow was working and modifying plans that had already been drawn up by Porden.<ref>Peter N Lindfield “Pordens Eaton. William Pordens role in the development of Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1802-1825. Georgian Society Journal Vol XXI, 2010, 159.</ref> Gummow was now working for both Sir Watkin and Earl Grosvenor and in 1827 he told [[Samuel Pepys Cockerell|Cockerell]] that ‘he has always had £300 per ann. from Lord Grosvenor and Sir W.W. and is not allowed any other charge or profits- but has his lodgings and livings - out of this he has saved an easy independence’.<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref> He, however, did supervise the building, probably to plans by drawn up by [[John Buckler]] of [[Halkyn Castle]], Flintshire (1824-7) and Pool Park, Denbighshire (c1827-8), re-casing and altering the house at Wynnstay<ref>Peter Howell, ‘’Country Life’’, 30th March, 1972</ref> as well the building of a porch at [[Chirk Castle]] in 1831.
[[Sir Howard Colvin]] summed up Gummow’s work as follows “Though not an architect of the first rank, his additions to Eaton Hall successfully maintained the elegant rococo Gothic of the main block designed by Porden and at Brogontyn his [[Ionic order|Ionic]] portico is a handsome addition to an existing classical house”.<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref>


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[[File:Eaton Hall - Porden.jpg|thumb|Eaton Hall. The additional wings on the left and right were the work of Benjamin Gummow]]
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==Architectural Works==


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By 1819 he started to be employed as the surveyor of [[Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet|Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn]] of [[Wynnstay]]'s estates at Ruabon near Wrexham.<ref name="auto1"/> In 1821 Porden was forced to resign from the surveyorship of the Grosvenor Estates and Earl Grosvenor then appointed Gummow to add further Gothic wings to Eaton Hall. In doing this Gummow was working and modifying plans that had already been drawn up by Porden.<ref>Peter N. Lindfield "Porden's Eaton. William Porden's role in the development of Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1802–1825". ''Georgian Society Journal'' Vol. XXI, 2010, 159.</ref> Gummow was now working for both Sir Watkin and Earl Grosvenor and in 1827 he told [[Samuel Pepys Cockerell|Cockerell]] that "he has always had £300 per ann. from Lord Grosvenor and Sir W.W. and is not allowed any other charge or profits – but has his lodgings and livings – out of this he has saved an easy independence".<ref name="auto1"/> He, however, did supervise the building, probably to plans by drawn up by [[John Buckler (artist)|John Buckler]] of [[Halkyn Castle]], Flintshire (1824–27) and Pool Park, Denbighshire (c. 1827–28), re-casing and altering the house at Wynnstay<ref name="auto2">Peter Howell, ''Country Life'', 30 March 1972</ref> as well the building of a porch at [[Chirk Castle]] in 1831. [[Sir Howard Colvin]] summed up Gummow's work as follows "Though not an architect of the first rank, his additions to Eaton Hall successfully maintained the elegant rococo Gothic of the main block designed by Porden and at Brogontyn his [[Ionic order|Ionic]] portico is a handsome addition to an existing classical house".<ref name="auto"/>
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===Churches and Chapels ===
*[[Chirk]] In 1828-9 he undertook the provision and new seating in in the church.<ref>http://www.churchplansonline.org</ref>
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*[[Ruabon]] The church was partly burnt in January 1819 and Gummow arranged the restoration for [[Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet|Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn]]<ref>http://www.stmarysruabon.org.uk/history16.html.</ref> Then in 1835-8 Gummow re-ordered and partly rebuilt the church to plans prepared by [[Edward Welch]] of Liverpool.<ref>http://www.churchplansonline.org</ref> The church was remodeled again by [[Benjamin Ferrey]] in 1870-72<ref>”Hubbard” 268-9</ref>
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*[[Ruabon]]. Providence Wesh Presbyterian Chapel (‘‘Rhagluniearth’’), 1834. Chapel built on land provided by [[Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet|Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn]], who provided the services of the ‘competant architect’, Benjamin Gummow.<ref>T W Pritchard “Remembering Ruabon”</ref><ref>”Hubbard” 270</ref>
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*St Asaph Cathedral. Hubbard notes that some work was untaken by Gummow at the Cathedral c.1810-11.<ref>”Hubbard” 436</ref>
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*[[St Giles' Church, Wrexham|St Giles, Wrexham]] 1820-1. Gummow designed a gallery for the church.<ref>http://www.churchplansonline.org</ref>


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==Architectural works==
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===Country Houses===
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===Churches and chapels ===
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[[File:The Gothic Pavilion (Portmeirion - December 2004).jpg|thumb|The Gothic ‘Pavilion’ at Portmeirion - Removed from Nerquis Hall]]
*[[Chirk]]: In 1828–9 he undertook the provision and new seating in the church.<ref name="churchplansonline.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.churchplansonline.org/ |title=The Diamond Color Shenanigans Guide |access-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218143922/http://www.churchplansonline.org/ |archive-date=18 February 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
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* [[Christleton]], Littleton Hall. Built for Thomas Dixon in 1806<ref>E Twycross,”Mansions of England,Vol 1, Cheshire”, 1850, 43</ref> and now much altered.<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref>
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*[[Ruabon]]: The church was partly burnt in January 1819 and Gummow arranged the restoration for [[Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet|Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stmarysruabon.org.uk/history16.html|title=The Pulpit|website=Stmarysruabon.org.uk|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref> Then in 1835–8 Gummow re-ordered and partly rebuilt the church to plans prepared by [[Edward Welch (architect)|Edward Welch]] of Liverpool.<ref name="churchplansonline.org"/> The church was remodelled again by [[Benjamin Ferrey]] in 1870–72.<ref>"Hubbard" 268-9</ref>
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*[[Ruabon]]: Providence Wesh Presbyterian Chapel (''Rhagluniaeth''), 1834. Chapel built on land provided by [[Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, 5th Baronet|Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn]], who provided the services of the "competent architect", Benjamin Gummow.<ref>T W Pritchard "Remembering Ruabon"</ref><ref>"Hubbard" 270</ref>
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*St Asaph Cathedral: Hubbard notes that some work was undertaken by Gummow at the Cathedral c.1810–11.<ref>"Hubbard" 436</ref>
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*[[St Giles' Church, Wrexham|St Giles, Wrexham]] 1820–1: Gummow designed a gallery for the church.<ref name="churchplansonline.org"/>


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===Country houses===
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* Nerquis Hall, [[Nercwys]], Flintshire. Gummow added castellated [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] wings, stable archway, Gothic orangery and porch in 1813-20. These were largely removed in 1964, but the porch has been preserved at [[Portmeirion]].<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref><ref>”Hubbard” 406</ref>
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[[File:The Gothic Pavilion (Portmeirion - December 2004).jpg|thumb|The Gothic 'Pavilion' at Portmeirion – Removed from Nerquis Hall]]

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* [[Christleton]], Littleton Hall. Built for Thomas Dixon in 1806<ref>E Twycross, "Mansions of England, Vol. 1, Cheshire", 1850, 43</ref> and now much altered.<ref name="auto1"/>
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* [[Brogyntyn]], near [[Oswestry]], Shropshire. Portico and other alterations for the [[William Ormsby-Gore (1779–1860)|Ormsby Gore’s]], 1814-15.<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref> Gummow used [[Coade stone]] ornamentation on the interior of the [[portico]] <ref>”Newman and Pevesner” p170-71</ref>
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* Nerquis Hall, [[Nercwys]], Flintshire. Gummow added castellated [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] wings, stable archway, Gothic orangery and porch in 1813–20. These were largely removed in 1964, but the porch has been preserved at [[Portmeirion]].<ref name="auto"/><ref>"Hubbard" 406</ref>

⚫
* [[Brogyntyn]], near [[Oswestry]], Shropshire. Portico and other alterations for the [[William Ormsby-Gore (1779–1860)|Ormsby Gores]], 1814–15.<ref name="auto1"/> Gummow used [[Coade stone]] ornamentation on the interior of the [[portico]]<ref>"Newman and Pevsner" pp. 170–71</ref>
*[[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]], Eccleston, near Chester. Wings added for 2nd Earl Grosvenor, 1823-6.<ref>Laurie, Ian C., 'Landscape Gardeners at Eaton Park, Chester: II', Garden History, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Autumn, 1985), pp. 126-155.</ref>
*[[Eaton Hall, Cheshire|Eaton Hall]], Eccleston, near Chester. Wings added for 2nd Earl Grosvenor, 1823–6.<ref>Laurie, Ian C., 'Landscape Gardeners at Eaton Park, Chester: II',&nbsp;Garden History, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Autumn, 1985), pp. 126–155.</ref>
[[File:Pool Park, Rhuthun NLW3362261.jpg|thumb|Pool Park, Ruthin]]
[[File:Pool Park, Rhuthun NLW3362261.jpg|thumb|Pool Park, Ruthin]]
[[File:Pool Park, Rhuthun NLW3362259.jpg|thumb|Pool Park, Ruthin]]
[[File:Pool Park, Rhuthun NLW3362259.jpg|thumb|Pool Park, Ruthin]]
* [[Halkyn Castle]], Flintshire. The house was designed by the architect [[John Buckler]] and built between 1824 and 1827 for [[Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster|Robert Grosvenor]].The building of the castle was supervised by Benjamin Gummow, the Earl's architect and surveyor. Gummow may have submitted the initial plans for Halkyn Castle in 1804.<ref>Colvin H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840 Yale University Press, 3rd edition London, 1995, 436</ref>
* [[Halkyn Castle]], Flintshire. The house was designed by the architect [[John Buckler (artist)|John Buckler]] and built between 1824 and 1827 for [[Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster|Robert Grosvenor]]. The building of the castle was supervised by Benjamin Gummow, the Earl's architect and surveyor. Gummow may have submitted the initial plans for Halkyn Castle in 1804.<ref>Colvin H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840 Yale University Press, 3rd edition London, 1995, 436</ref>
* [[Wynnstay]], Ruabon. Probably responsible for altering and re-casing the house c.1825.<ref>Peter Howell, ‘’Country Life’’, 30th March, 1972</ref>
* [[Wynnstay]], Ruabon. Probably responsible for altering and re-casing the house c.1825.<ref name="auto2"/>
* Pool Park, [[Efenechtyd]], Ruthin. Gummow supervised between 1827 the building of this timber framed ‘Tudor” building with a stone ‘Renaissance’ style porch to plans provided by [[John Buckler]]. It was built for the [[William Bagot, 2nd Baron Bagot|Lord Bagot]] and the completed designs for the Pool Park were exhibited at the [[Royal Academy]] in 1830.<ref>”Colvin” p 436</ref><ref>R Leighton. “Correspondence of Lady Williams Wynn, 1920, 330</ref>
* Pool Park, [[Efenechtyd]], Ruthin. Gummow supervised between 1827 the building of this timber framed "Tudor" building with a stone "Renaissance" style porch to plans provided by [[John Buckler (artist)|John Buckler]]. It was built for the [[William Bagot, 2nd Baron Bagot|Lord Bagot]] and the completed designs for the Pool Park were exhibited at the [[Royal Academy]] in 1830.<ref name="auto"/><ref>R Leighton. "Correspondence of Lady Williams Wynn, 1920, 330</ref>
* [[Chirk Castle]], Denbighshire. The building of a porch at Chirk Castle in 1831
* [[Chirk Castle]], Denbighshire. The building of a porch at Chirk Castle in 1831.


== The Gummows- A family of architects and builders==
== The Gummows: a family of architects and builders==
Benjamin Gummow is likely to be related to other architect and builders who were called Gummow and were who working in the Wrexhan and Shrewsbury areas.{{according to whom|date=March 2014}} However, in most cases the exact relationship between them is uncertain. Benjamin Gummow married Mary Ellis of [[Eccleston, Cheshire|Eccleston]], the parish in which Eaton Hall stood, in 1810. As Gummow was 44, it appears this was his second marriage. Presumably this wife died and he embarked on a third marriage in 1827, when he married at Ruabon.<ref>”Hubbard” p67</ref><ref>minerahistory.proboards.com/thread/796</ref> Benjamin Gummow had a brother Michael Gummow (d.1804) who was also an architect . Benjamin and Michael Gummow appear to have worked to-gether on the rebuilding of Cleveland House St. James, Westminster around 1800 <ref>Cleveland House Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1 487-509. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40624.</ref>
Benjamin Gummow is likely to be related to other architects and builders who were called Gummow and who were working in the Wrexham and Shrewsbury areas.{{according to whom|date=March 2014}} However, in most cases the exact relationship between them is uncertain. Benjamin Gummow married Mary Ellis of [[Eccleston, Cheshire|Eccleston]], the parish in which Eaton Hall stood, in 1810. As Gummow was 44, it appears this was his second marriage. Presumably this wife died and he embarked on a third marriage in 1827, when he married at Ruabon.<ref>"Hubbard" p67</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minerahistory.proboards.com/thread/796|title=Gummow family in 1841 Lookup please - Wrexham - MINERAncestry|website=Minerahistory.proboards.com|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref> Benjamin Gummow had a brother Michael Gummow (d. 1804) who was also an architect. Benjamin and Michael Gummow appear to have worked together on the rebuilding of Cleveland House St. James, Westminster around 1800.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cleveland House Survey of London|volume=29 and 30|location=St James Westminster|pages=487–509|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40624}}</ref>

===Michael Gummow (1802-76) Architect and Builder===
Michael Gummow was appointed the first Borough surveyor for Wrexham probably in 1857, but dismissed in 1867. In 1868 Michael Gummow’s address was given as 12 Temple Row, Birmingham.<ref>”Brodie”, 799</ref> He was buried in the Dissenters graveyard, Rhosddu Road, [[Wrexham]]. In the 1851 census he is stated as having been born in St Margaret’s Westminster and was living in Wrexham Fechan. His grand- daughter Sarah Martha Gummow Edwards married[[Smedley Crooke|Sir John Smedley Crooke]](1861 – 13 October 1951) was a British politician He was [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Birmingham Deritend (UK Parliament constituency)|Birmingham Deritend]] from 1922 to 1929, and from 1931 to 1945.<ref>minerahistory.proboards.com/thread/796</ref> This Michael Gummow appears to have been the son of Michael Gummow and nephew of Benjamin.<ref>”Hubbard” 67</ref>

===James Reynolds Gummow (1831-1877)===
He wrote “Hints on House Building” (1874), which includes plans and drawings of High [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] villas which he built in the Wrexham area. Examples of his work are:
* Fronheulog, [[Bwlchgwyn]]. A High Victorian mansion. Demolished 1930.<ref>“Lowe” 36-7</ref>
* Grosvenor Lodge, Grosvenor Road, [[Wrexham]]. Italianate villa of 1863, on corner with Regent Street.<ref>”Hubbard”, 308</ref>
* Abbotsfield, now ‘Lemon Tree’ Hotel [[Wrexham]]. A [[Gothic revival]] stone building of1863, with cusping, tracery and patterned slating.<ref>”Hubbard”, 308</ref>
* Fern Bank, Grove Road, [[Wrexham]] 1873, and possibly also Plas Gwilym <ref>”Hubbard”, 308</ref>

===William H Gummow ( c1793-1832).===
* Pentrebychan Hall, Bersham 1823 [[Jacobethan]] style building that was demolished in 1962.<ref>“Lowe” 92-3</ref>

===Michael John Gummow===
(fl. 1886-1907) Articled to the architect William Turner of Wrexham and became an [[ARIBA]] in 1886. His membership of the Architectural Institute lapsed in 1907.<ref>”Brodie”, 799</ref>
* Salem Independent Chapel, [[Rhosllannerchrugog]], 1896. The chapel, built in Ruabon brick and Terracotta is attributed to him.<ref>”Hubbard”, 265</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}


==Literature==
==Literature==
{{Portal|Cornwall}}
* Antonia Brodie (ed)”Directory of British Architects”, 1834-1914: 2 Vols, British Architectural Library, Royal Institute of British Architects, 2001
* Colvin H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840 Yale University Press, 4th edition London, 2008.
* Antonia Brodie (ed.) ''Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914''. 2 vols, British Architectural Library, Royal Institute of British Architects, 2001
* Colvin, H. ''A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840''. Yale University Press, 4th ed. London, 2008.
* Hubbard E “The Buildings of Wales
* Hubbard, E. ''The Buildings of Wales''
* Lowe R “Lost Houses in & around Wrexham”, Landmark Publishing, Ashbourne, 2002
* Lowe, R. ''Lost Houses in & around Wrexham'', Landmark Publishing, Ashbourne, 2002. {{ISBN|978-1-84306-057-4}}.
* J Newman and N Pevsner “The Buildings of England: Shropshire”, Yale 2006,
* J. Newman and N. Pevsner ''The Buildings of England: Shropshire'', Yale 2006.
* Peter N Lindfield “Pordens Eaton. William Pordens role in the development of Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1802-1825. Georgian Society Journal Vol XXI, 2010, 159.
* Peter N. Lindfield "Porden's Eaton. William Porden's role in the development of Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1802–1825". ''Georgian Society Journal''; Vol. XXI, 2010, 159.


==External links==
{{commons category}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Benjamin Gummow
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Welsh architect
| DATE OF BIRTH = 16/03/1766
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[St Endellion]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 09/03/1844
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Ruabon]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gummow, Benjamin}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gummow, Benjamin}}
[[Category:1766 births]]
[[Category:1766 births]]
[[Category:1844 deaths]]
[[Category:1844 deaths]]
[[Category:British architects]]
[[Category:19th-century Welsh architects]]
[[Category:English architects]]
[[Category:Architects from Cornwall]]
[[Category:Welsh architects]]
[[Category:Shropshire]]
[[Category:Wrexham]]

Latest revision as of 10:16, 19 December 2024

Benjamin Gummow
Brogyntyn Hall, Oswestry
Born1766
St Endellion, Cornwall
Died1844 (aged 77–78)
Ruabon, Wales
Alma materProbably a pupil of S P Cockerell
OccupationArchitect
BuildingsEaton Hall, Cheshire

Benjamin Gummow (1766–1840) was an architect who worked from Ruabon near Wrexham in Wales. He worked almost exclusively for Sir Watkin Williams Wynn of Wynnstay, Ruabon and the Grosvenor family of Eaton Hall near Chester. He was born in St Endellion in Cornwall in 1766 and died at Ruabon in March 1844.[1]

Architectural career

[edit]

Gummow is first noted as a clerk of the works for the architect Samuel Pepys Cockerell for the alterations to St Margaret's Church, Westminster from 1799 to 1802.[2] Gummow was associated with the architect William Porden who had been a pupil of Cockerell; about 1785 Porden was appointed surveyor to the Grosvenor Estates.[3] In 1802 Robert Grosvenor succeeded to the title of Earl Grosvenor, and shortly afterwards commissioned Porden to rebuild Eaton Hall near Chester. Gummow was appointed supervising architect for the project by Porden and at this time he moved to the Chester area.[4] The project lasted between 1803 and 1814. Gummow and Porden did not get on too well and in 1807 Porden said to Earl Grosvenor that Gummow "speaks without thinking, and is the most inconsistent of men that I ever met".[5] Gummow, apart from working at Eaton Hall also undertook the building of Littleton Hall, Christleton in Cheshire in 1806, additions to Nercwys Hall between 1813 and 1820 and the building of a portico and other alterations for the Ormsby-Gores at Brogyntyn, near Oswestry in Shropshire[4]

Eaton Hall. The additional wings on the left and right were the work of Benjamin Gummow

By 1819 he started to be employed as the surveyor of Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn of Wynnstay's estates at Ruabon near Wrexham.[5] In 1821 Porden was forced to resign from the surveyorship of the Grosvenor Estates and Earl Grosvenor then appointed Gummow to add further Gothic wings to Eaton Hall. In doing this Gummow was working and modifying plans that had already been drawn up by Porden.[6] Gummow was now working for both Sir Watkin and Earl Grosvenor and in 1827 he told Cockerell that "he has always had £300 per ann. from Lord Grosvenor and Sir W.W. and is not allowed any other charge or profits – but has his lodgings and livings – out of this he has saved an easy independence".[5] He, however, did supervise the building, probably to plans by drawn up by John Buckler of Halkyn Castle, Flintshire (1824–27) and Pool Park, Denbighshire (c. 1827–28), re-casing and altering the house at Wynnstay[7] as well the building of a porch at Chirk Castle in 1831. Sir Howard Colvin summed up Gummow's work as follows "Though not an architect of the first rank, his additions to Eaton Hall successfully maintained the elegant rococo Gothic of the main block designed by Porden and at Brogontyn his Ionic portico is a handsome addition to an existing classical house".[4]

Architectural works

[edit]

Churches and chapels

[edit]
  • Chirk: In 1828–9 he undertook the provision and new seating in the church.[8]
  • Ruabon: The church was partly burnt in January 1819 and Gummow arranged the restoration for Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn[9] Then in 1835–8 Gummow re-ordered and partly rebuilt the church to plans prepared by Edward Welch of Liverpool.[8] The church was remodelled again by Benjamin Ferrey in 1870–72.[10]
  • Ruabon: Providence Wesh Presbyterian Chapel (Rhagluniaeth), 1834. Chapel built on land provided by Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, who provided the services of the "competent architect", Benjamin Gummow.[11][12]
  • St Asaph Cathedral: Hubbard notes that some work was undertaken by Gummow at the Cathedral c.1810–11.[13]
  • St Giles, Wrexham 1820–1: Gummow designed a gallery for the church.[8]

Country houses

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The Gothic 'Pavilion' at Portmeirion – Removed from Nerquis Hall
Pool Park, Ruthin
Pool Park, Ruthin
  • Halkyn Castle, Flintshire. The house was designed by the architect John Buckler and built between 1824 and 1827 for Robert Grosvenor. The building of the castle was supervised by Benjamin Gummow, the Earl's architect and surveyor. Gummow may have submitted the initial plans for Halkyn Castle in 1804.[18]
  • Wynnstay, Ruabon. Probably responsible for altering and re-casing the house c.1825.[7]
  • Pool Park, Efenechtyd, Ruthin. Gummow supervised between 1827 the building of this timber framed "Tudor" building with a stone "Renaissance" style porch to plans provided by John Buckler. It was built for the Lord Bagot and the completed designs for the Pool Park were exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1830.[4][19]
  • Chirk Castle, Denbighshire. The building of a porch at Chirk Castle in 1831.

The Gummows: a family of architects and builders

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Benjamin Gummow is likely to be related to other architects and builders who were called Gummow and who were working in the Wrexham and Shrewsbury areas.[according to whom?] However, in most cases the exact relationship between them is uncertain. Benjamin Gummow married Mary Ellis of Eccleston, the parish in which Eaton Hall stood, in 1810. As Gummow was 44, it appears this was his second marriage. Presumably this wife died and he embarked on a third marriage in 1827, when he married at Ruabon.[20][21] Benjamin Gummow had a brother Michael Gummow (d. 1804) who was also an architect. Benjamin and Michael Gummow appear to have worked together on the rebuilding of Cleveland House St. James, Westminster around 1800.[22]

References

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  1. ^ Colvin, H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840. Yale University Press, 3rd ed. London, 1995 435–6.
  2. ^ "Colvin" 439
  3. ^ "Colvin" p 772
  4. ^ a b c d e "Colvin" p 436
  5. ^ a b c d e "Colvin" p. 436
  6. ^ Peter N. Lindfield "Porden's Eaton. William Porden's role in the development of Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1802–1825". Georgian Society Journal Vol. XXI, 2010, 159.
  7. ^ a b Peter Howell, Country Life, 30 March 1972
  8. ^ a b c "The Diamond Color Shenanigans Guide". Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  9. ^ "The Pulpit". Stmarysruabon.org.uk. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  10. ^ "Hubbard" 268-9
  11. ^ T W Pritchard "Remembering Ruabon"
  12. ^ "Hubbard" 270
  13. ^ "Hubbard" 436
  14. ^ E Twycross, "Mansions of England, Vol. 1, Cheshire", 1850, 43
  15. ^ "Hubbard" 406
  16. ^ "Newman and Pevsner" pp. 170–71
  17. ^ Laurie, Ian C., 'Landscape Gardeners at Eaton Park, Chester: II', Garden History, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Autumn, 1985), pp. 126–155.
  18. ^ Colvin H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840 Yale University Press, 3rd edition London, 1995, 436
  19. ^ R Leighton. "Correspondence of Lady Williams Wynn, 1920, 330
  20. ^ "Hubbard" p67
  21. ^ "Gummow family in 1841 Lookup please - Wrexham - MINERAncestry". Minerahistory.proboards.com. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  22. ^ "Cleveland House Survey of London". St James Westminster. pp. 487–509.

Literature

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  • Antonia Brodie (ed.) Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914. 2 vols, British Architectural Library, Royal Institute of British Architects, 2001
  • Colvin, H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840. Yale University Press, 4th ed. London, 2008.
  • Hubbard, E. The Buildings of Wales
  • Lowe, R. Lost Houses in & around Wrexham, Landmark Publishing, Ashbourne, 2002. ISBN 978-1-84306-057-4.
  • J. Newman and N. Pevsner The Buildings of England: Shropshire, Yale 2006.
  • Peter N. Lindfield "Porden's Eaton. William Porden's role in the development of Eaton Hall, Cheshire, 1802–1825". Georgian Society Journal; Vol. XXI, 2010, 159.
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