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{{Short description|American painter (1923–2016)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox artist
{{Infobox artist
| bgcolour =
| bgcolour =
| name = Shirley Jaffe
| name = Shirley Jaffe
| image = Shirley Jaffe (1998).png
| image = Shirley Jaffe (1998).png
| imagesize =
| image_size =
| caption = Jaffe in 1998
| caption = Jaffe in 1998
| birth_name =
| birth_name = Shirley Sternstein
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|10|2}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1923|10|2}}
| birth_place = [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]], U.S.
| birth_place = [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|9|29|1923|10|2}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|9|29|1923|10|2}}
| death_place = [[Louveciennes]], France
| death_place = [[Louveciennes]], France
| nationality = American
| nationality = American
| spouse = Irving Jaffe
| field = {{Flatlist|
| field = {{Flatlist|
*Abstract expressionism
*Abstract expressionism
Line 23: Line 25:
| awards =
| awards =
}}
}}

'''Shirley Jaffe''' (née '''Sternstein''', October 2, 1923 – September 29, 2016) was an American abstract [[Painting|painter]]. Her early work is of the gestural [[Abstract expressionism|abstract expressionist]] style, however in the late 1960s she changed to a more [[Geometric art|geometric]] style.<ref name=":1" /> This change was initially received with caution by the art world, but later in her career she was praised for the "idiosyncratic" and individual nature of her work.<ref name=":2" /> She spent most of her life living and working in [[France]].<ref name=":0" />
'''Shirley Jaffe''' ({{nee|'''Sternstein'''}}, October 2, 1923 – September 29, 2016) was an American abstract [[Painting|painter]]. Her early work is of the gestural [[Abstract expressionism|abstract expressionist]] style, however in the late 1960s she changed to a more [[Geometric art|geometric]] style.<ref name=":1" /> This change was initially received with caution by the art world, but later in her career she was praised for the "idiosyncratic" and individual nature of her work.<ref name=":2" /> She spent most of her life living and working in [[France]].<ref name=":0" />


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Jaffe was born in [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]], to Benjamin and Anna (née Levine) Sternstein.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jaffe|first1=Shirley|title=United States Public Records, 1970–2009|url=https://familysearch.org|publisher=FamilySearch|accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> Her father ran a shirt factory, however he died when Jaffe was 10. Her mother moved the family to [[Brighton Beach]], [[Brooklyn]] and Jaffe attended Abraham Lincoln High School. She then studied fine art at [[Cooper Union]] in [[New York City]], graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1945.<ref name=":1" />
Jaffe was born in [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]], into a Jewish family,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/shirley-jaffe-7tnx8t50g | title=Shirley Jaffe }}</ref> her parents were Benjamin and Anna (née Levine) Sternstein.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jaffe|first1=Shirley|title=United States Public Records, 1970–2009|url=https://familysearch.org|publisher=FamilySearch|access-date=July 23, 2014}}</ref> Jaffe had two siblings by the name of Jerry and Elaine. Her father ran a shirt factory; however he died when Jaffe was 10. Her mother moved the family to [[Brighton Beach]], [[Brooklyn]], and Jaffe attended Abraham Lincoln High School. She then studied fine art at [[Cooper Union]] in [[New York City]], earning a certificate in 1945.<ref name=":1" />


After completing her degree, Jaffe worked initially in the print department of the New York Public Library and also worked for the department store [[Macy's]] drawing fashion sketches for the advertising department.<ref name=":1" />
After completing her degree, Jaffe worked initially in the print department of the New York Public Library and also worked for the department store [[Macy's]] drawing fashion sketches for the advertising department.<ref name=":1" />


She lived in Washington D.C. for a period of time, attending the Phillips Art School there, then moved to [[Paris]] in 1949.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://bombmagazine.org/article/2629/shirley-jaffe|title=BOMB Magazine — Shirley Jaffe by Shirley Kaneda|website=bombmagazine.org|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref> She became part of a circle of ex-pat American artists which included [[Sam Francis]], [[Ellsworth Kelly]] and [[Joan Mitchell]].<sup>[[Shirley Jaffe (artist)#cite note-:3-5|[5]]]</sup> Francis introduced Jaffe to his dealer, [[Jean Fournier]], who became interested in Jaffe's work and began showing her art in his gallery.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.brooklynrail.org/2010/04/art/shirley-jaffe-with-raphael-rubinstein|title=SHIRLEY JAFFE WITH RAPHAEL RUBINSTEIN|website=www.brooklynrail.org|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>
After her marriage, she lived in Washington, D.C., for a period of time, attending the Phillips Art School there, then moved to [[Paris]] when her husband was transferred there in 1949.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://bombmagazine.org/article/2629/shirley-jaffe|title=BOMB Magazine — Shirley Jaffe by Shirley Kaneda|website=bombmagazine.org|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref> She became part of a circle of ex-pat American artists which included [[Sam Francis]], [[Ellsworth Kelly]] and [[Joan Mitchell]].<sup>[[Shirley Jaffe (artist)#cite note-:3-5|[5]]]</sup> Francis introduced Jaffe to his dealer, Jean Fournier, who became interested in Jaffe's work and began showing her art in his gallery.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.brooklynrail.org/2010/04/art/shirley-jaffe-with-raphael-rubinstein|title=SHIRLEY JAFFE WITH RAPHAEL RUBINSTEIN|website=www.brooklynrail.org|date=April 2, 2010 |access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==


=== Style ===
=== Style ===
Jaffe began as an abstract expressionist, using gesture in her painting in a similar way to Joan Mitchell.<ref name=":2" /> In 1968, however, a grant from the [[Ford Foundation]] funded her to spend a year in [[Berlin]].<ref name=":2" /> This study break took her away from the circle of artist friends she had developed in Paris and exposed her to new influences such as the music of contemporary composers Xenakis and [[Karlheinz Stockhausen|Stockhausen]].<ref name=":3" /> It may also have reunited her thinking with the European abstraction of [[Jean Arp]], [[Sophie Taeuber-Arp]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]] and Herbin. "It [my style of painting] changed when I went to Berlin," Jaffe said later. "I had a feeling that my paintings were being read as landscapes, which was not my intention. I felt I had to clear out the woods."<ref>{{cite news|last=Rubinstein|first=Raphael|title=Shirley Jaffe with Raphael Rubinstein|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/04/art/shirley-jaffe-with-raphael-rubinstein|newspaper=The Brooklyn Rail|date=2010}}</ref>
Jaffe began as an abstract expressionist, using gesture in her painting in a similar way to Joan Mitchell.<ref name=":2" /> In 1963, however, a grant from the [[Ford Foundation]] funded her to spend a year in [[Berlin]].<ref name=":2" /> This study break took her away from the circle of artist friends she had developed in Paris and exposed her to new influences such as the music of contemporary composers [[Iannis Xenakis]] and [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]].<ref name=":3" /> It may also have reunited her thinking with the European abstraction of [[Jean Arp]], [[Sophie Taeuber-Arp]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]] and [[Auguste Herbin]]. "It [my style of painting] changed when I went to Berlin," Jaffe said later. "I had a feeling that my paintings were being read as landscapes, which was not my intention. I felt I had to clear out the woods."<ref>{{cite news|last=Rubinstein|first=Raphael|title=Shirley Jaffe with Raphael Rubinstein|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/04/art/shirley-jaffe-with-raphael-rubinstein|newspaper=The Brooklyn Rail|date=2010}}</ref>

It was no coincidence that Jaffe was awarded the Ford Foundation grant in 1963 due to the political climate that was engulfing the world, not to mention especially in Berlin. "The Wall had just been built, it was the moment of Kennedy's death. We were very marked by that wall, by the situation in Berlin, in the world." The Ford Foundation artist-in-residence grants, which in 1964 merged with the [[German Academic Exchange Service]] program, were originally intended, like many other American funded cultural initiatives, to counter Soviet cultural influences. During this time it is said that Jaffe's style had taken a change and her art had portrayed her experiences in the split city of Berlin.
[[File:CHAPELLE LA FUNERARIA - DSCF5113bis.jpg|thumb|Stained glass windows designed by Jaffe for the Chapelle La Funeraria, Perpignan]]
[[File:CHAPELLE LA FUNERARIA - DSCF5113bis.jpg|thumb|Stained glass windows designed by Jaffe for the Chapelle La Funeraria, Perpignan]]


Jaffe's new style featured flat, uninflected surfaces, single-colour shapes and predominantly straight, rather than curved, lines.<ref name=":1" /> On her return to Paris, both her dealer Fournier and her artist friends were "shocked" at the change; however, Fournier continued to exhibit her work in his gallery.<ref name=":3" /> Later analyses of her work note that Jaffe's style moved in a "diffferent direction" to other painters of her time, and was characterised by "an incredible vitality of form and complexity".<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> The evolution of her style, which happened gradually over a period of decades, was described by critics as an "internal development" apparently unrelated to contemporary trends, and therefore she could not be seen as a part of any particular art movement.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://hyperallergic.com/90514/an-american-in-paris-shirley-jaffes-paintings-from-the-1970s/|title=An American in Paris: Shirley Jaffe’s Paintings from the 1970s|date=October 27, 2013|language=en-US|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>
Jaffe's new style featured flat, uninflected surfaces, single-colour shapes and predominantly straight, rather than curved, lines.<ref name=":1" /> On her return to Paris, both her dealer Fournier and her artist friends were "shocked" at the change; however, Fournier continued to exhibit her work in his gallery.<ref name=":3" /> Later analyses of her work note that Jaffe's style moved in a "different direction" from other painters of her time, and was characterised by "an incredible vitality of form and complexity".<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> The evolution of her style, which happened gradually over a period of decades, was described by critics as an "internal development" apparently unrelated to contemporary trends, and therefore she could not be seen as a part of any particular art movement.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://hyperallergic.com/90514/an-american-in-paris-shirley-jaffes-paintings-from-the-1970s/|title=An American in Paris: Shirley Jaffe's Paintings from the 1970s|date=October 27, 2013|language=en-US|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>


=== Exhibitions ===
=== Exhibitions ===

⚫
Although Jaffe began exhibiting in solo shows in France in the early 1960s, American galleries only began to show her work from the 1990s. This delay has been attributed to the critical response of other artists to the change in her painting style in the 1960s.<ref name=":1" /> Overall, she had at least 25 exhibitions in the two countries; in the United States at the [[Holly Solomon Gallery]], the [[Tibor de Nagy Gallery]]<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/arts/design/16galleries-003.html Roberta Smith, NY Times review, 2009]</ref>, the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]]<ref name=":0" /> and the [[Museum of Modern Art|Museum of Modern Art in New York]] (MoMA)<ref name=":0" /> and in France at the Galerie Fournier, the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]] and the [[Nathalie Obadia]] Gallery.<ref name=":0" />

⚫
Although Jaffe began exhibiting in solo shows in France in the early 1960s, her first solo exhibition took place in Bern, Switzerland in 1962. It was shortly after that she truly settled into the Parisian art scene and lifestyle. American galleries only began to show her work from the 1990s, years later from her earlier works. This delay has been attributed to the critical response of other artists to the change in her painting style in the 1960s.<ref name=":1" /> Overall, she had at least 25 exhibitions in the two countries; in the United States at the [[Holly Solomon Gallery]], the [[Tibor de Nagy Gallery]],<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/16/arts/design/16galleries-003.html Roberta Smith, NY Times review, 2009]</ref> the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]]<ref name=":0" /> and the [[Museum of Modern Art|Museum of Modern Art in New York]] (MoMA)<ref name=":0" /> and in France at the Galerie Fournier, the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]] and the [[Nathalie Obadia]] Gallery.<ref name=":0" /> Jaffe's art displayed in the MoMA in New York City was one of a different style of painting. It was a portrait of her younger sister which was originally a gift to her when she was only fourteen years old.


Her work is held in the collections of the Centre Pompidou, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the [[Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain|Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art]] (Paris) and the [[Berardo Collection Museum|Berado Collection Museum]] (Lisbon).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wallpaper.com/art/american-in-paris-shirley-jaffe|title=How nonagenarian painter Shirley Jaffe stays cutting edge {{!}} Art {{!}} Wallpaper* Magazine|last=Magazine|first=Wallpaper*|date=March 30, 2016|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/2016/09/30/03015-20160930ARTFIG00134-mort-de-shirley-jaffe-une-americaine-a-paris.php|title=Mort de Shirley Jaffe, une Américaine à Paris|last=Duponchelle|first=Valérie|date=2016-09-30|newspaper=Le Figaro|language=fr-FR|issn=0182-5852|access-date=2016-10-01}}</ref>
Her work is held in the collections of the Centre Pompidou, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the [[Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain|Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art]] (Paris) and the [[Berardo Collection Museum|Berado Collection Museum]] (Lisbon).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wallpaper.com/art/american-in-paris-shirley-jaffe|title=How nonagenarian painter Shirley Jaffe stays cutting edge {{!}} Art {{!}} Wallpaper* Magazine|last=Magazine|first=Wallpaper*|date=March 30, 2016|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/2016/09/30/03015-20160930ARTFIG00134-mort-de-shirley-jaffe-une-americaine-a-paris.php|title=Mort de Shirley Jaffe, une Américaine à Paris|last=Duponchelle|first=Valérie|date=2016-09-30|newspaper=Le Figaro|language=fr-FR|issn=0182-5852|access-date=2016-10-01}}</ref>


In 2000, the state government and the City of [[Perpignan]] commissioned Jaffe to design nine stained glass windows for the city's chapel.<ref name=":0" /> The installation of the completed windows coincided with a retrospective of Jaffe's work at the Musée d'Art Moderne in [[Céret]].<ref name=":1" />
In 2000, the state government and the City of [[Perpignan]] commissioned Jaffe to design nine stained glass windows for the city's chapel.<ref name=":0" /> The installation of the completed windows coincided with a retrospective of Jaffe's work at the Musée d'Art Moderne in [[Céret]].<ref name=":1" />

Jaffe's work was included in the 2021 exhibition ''[[Women in Abstraction]]'' at the [[Centre Pompidou]].<ref name="Women in abstraction">{{cite book |title=Women in abstraction |date=2021 |publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd. ; Thames & Hudson Inc |location=London : New York, New York |isbn=978-0500094372 |pages=170}}</ref>


== Personal life and death ==
== Personal life and death ==
Her husband, Irving Jaffe, was the [[White House]] correspondent for [[Agence France-Presse]] in the 1940s. They moved to Paris together when Irving was transferred to the Paris office of the news agency. The couple divorced in 1962.<ref name=":1" />
Her husband, Irving Jaffe, was the [[White House]] correspondent for [[Agence France-Presse]] in the 1940s. They moved to Paris together when Irving was transferred to the Paris office of the news agency. The couple divorced in 1962.<ref name=":1" />


Jaffe died at [[Louveciennes]], France on September 29, 2016 at the age of 93.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/US-painter-Shirley-Jaffe-93-dies-in-Paris_777297.html |title=US painter Shirley Jaffe, 93, dies in Paris &#124; News &#124; Expatica France |publisher=Expatica.com |date= |accessdate=September 30, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/01/arts/design/shirley-jaffe-dead.html|title=Shirley Jaffe, Geometric Artist of Joyful Forms, Dies at 93|last=Grimes|first=William|date=September 30, 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref>
Jaffe died at [[Louveciennes]], France, on September 29, 2016, at the age of 92, three days before her 93rd birthday.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/01/arts/design/shirley-jaffe-dead.html|title=Shirley Jaffe, Geometric Artist of Joyful Forms, Dies at 93|last=Grimes|first=William|date=September 30, 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/US-painter-Shirley-Jaffe-93-dies-in-Paris_777297.html |title=US painter Shirley Jaffe, 93, dies in Paris &#124; News &#124; Expatica France |publisher=Expatica.com |date= September 29, 2016|access-date=September 30, 2016}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 57: Line 66:
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*Border Crossing: Shirley Jaffe-painting and stained glass, Deborah Rosenthal, [[Modern Painters (magazine)|Modern Painters]], Spring 2000.
*Border Crossing: Shirley Jaffe-painting and stained glass, Deborah Rosenthal, [[Modern Painters (magazine)|Modern Painters]], Spring 2000.
*''Shirley Jaffe - Form als Experiment/Form as Experiment'', Kunstmuseum Basel, Olga Osadtschy, Frédéric Paul (ed.), Christoph Merian Verlag, Basel 2024, ISBN 978-3-85616-989-3.


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:American expatriates in France]]
[[Category:American expatriates in France]]
[[Category:American abstract artists]]
[[Category:American abstract artists]]
[[Category:Jewish American artists]]
[[Category:Cooper Union alumni]]
[[Category:Cooper Union alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century American women artists]]
[[Category:21st-century American women artists]]

Latest revision as of 10:46, 19 December 2024

Shirley Jaffe
Jaffe in 1998
Born
Shirley Sternstein

(1923-10-02)October 2, 1923
Elizabeth, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedSeptember 29, 2016(2016-09-29) (aged 92)
Louveciennes, France
NationalityAmerican
Known for
  • Abstract expressionism
  • geometric art
SpouseIrving Jaffe

Shirley Jaffe (née Sternstein, October 2, 1923 – September 29, 2016) was an American abstract painter. Her early work is of the gestural abstract expressionist style, however in the late 1960s she changed to a more geometric style.[1] This change was initially received with caution by the art world, but later in her career she was praised for the "idiosyncratic" and individual nature of her work.[2] She spent most of her life living and working in France.[3]

Early life

[edit]

Jaffe was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, into a Jewish family,[4] her parents were Benjamin and Anna (née Levine) Sternstein.[5] Jaffe had two siblings by the name of Jerry and Elaine. Her father ran a shirt factory; however he died when Jaffe was 10. Her mother moved the family to Brighton Beach, Brooklyn, and Jaffe attended Abraham Lincoln High School. She then studied fine art at Cooper Union in New York City, earning a certificate in 1945.[1]

After completing her degree, Jaffe worked initially in the print department of the New York Public Library and also worked for the department store Macy's drawing fashion sketches for the advertising department.[1]

After her marriage, she lived in Washington, D.C., for a period of time, attending the Phillips Art School there, then moved to Paris when her husband was transferred there in 1949.[1][2] She became part of a circle of ex-pat American artists which included Sam Francis, Ellsworth Kelly and Joan Mitchell.[5] Francis introduced Jaffe to his dealer, Jean Fournier, who became interested in Jaffe's work and began showing her art in his gallery.[6]

Career

[edit]

Style

[edit]

Jaffe began as an abstract expressionist, using gesture in her painting in a similar way to Joan Mitchell.[2] In 1963, however, a grant from the Ford Foundation funded her to spend a year in Berlin.[2] This study break took her away from the circle of artist friends she had developed in Paris and exposed her to new influences such as the music of contemporary composers Iannis Xenakis and Karlheinz Stockhausen.[6] It may also have reunited her thinking with the European abstraction of Jean Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Wassily Kandinsky and Auguste Herbin. "It [my style of painting] changed when I went to Berlin," Jaffe said later. "I had a feeling that my paintings were being read as landscapes, which was not my intention. I felt I had to clear out the woods."[7]

It was no coincidence that Jaffe was awarded the Ford Foundation grant in 1963 due to the political climate that was engulfing the world, not to mention especially in Berlin. "The Wall had just been built, it was the moment of Kennedy's death. We were very marked by that wall, by the situation in Berlin, in the world." The Ford Foundation artist-in-residence grants, which in 1964 merged with the German Academic Exchange Service program, were originally intended, like many other American funded cultural initiatives, to counter Soviet cultural influences. During this time it is said that Jaffe's style had taken a change and her art had portrayed her experiences in the split city of Berlin.

Stained glass windows designed by Jaffe for the Chapelle La Funeraria, Perpignan

Jaffe's new style featured flat, uninflected surfaces, single-colour shapes and predominantly straight, rather than curved, lines.[1] On her return to Paris, both her dealer Fournier and her artist friends were "shocked" at the change; however, Fournier continued to exhibit her work in his gallery.[6] Later analyses of her work note that Jaffe's style moved in a "different direction" from other painters of her time, and was characterised by "an incredible vitality of form and complexity".[1][8] The evolution of her style, which happened gradually over a period of decades, was described by critics as an "internal development" apparently unrelated to contemporary trends, and therefore she could not be seen as a part of any particular art movement.[1][8]

Exhibitions

[edit]

Although Jaffe began exhibiting in solo shows in France in the early 1960s, her first solo exhibition took place in Bern, Switzerland in 1962. It was shortly after that she truly settled into the Parisian art scene and lifestyle. American galleries only began to show her work from the 1990s, years later from her earlier works. This delay has been attributed to the critical response of other artists to the change in her painting style in the 1960s.[1] Overall, she had at least 25 exhibitions in the two countries; in the United States at the Holly Solomon Gallery, the Tibor de Nagy Gallery,[9] the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art[3] and the Museum of Modern Art in New York (MoMA)[3] and in France at the Galerie Fournier, the Centre Georges Pompidou and the Nathalie Obadia Gallery.[3] Jaffe's art displayed in the MoMA in New York City was one of a different style of painting. It was a portrait of her younger sister which was originally a gift to her when she was only fourteen years old.

Her work is held in the collections of the Centre Pompidou, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art (Paris) and the Berado Collection Museum (Lisbon).[10][11]

In 2000, the state government and the City of Perpignan commissioned Jaffe to design nine stained glass windows for the city's chapel.[3] The installation of the completed windows coincided with a retrospective of Jaffe's work at the Musée d'Art Moderne in Céret.[1]

Jaffe's work was included in the 2021 exhibition Women in Abstraction at the Centre Pompidou.[12]

Personal life and death

[edit]

Her husband, Irving Jaffe, was the White House correspondent for Agence France-Presse in the 1940s. They moved to Paris together when Irving was transferred to the Paris office of the news agency. The couple divorced in 1962.[1]

Jaffe died at Louveciennes, France, on September 29, 2016, at the age of 92, three days before her 93rd birthday.[1][3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Grimes, William (September 30, 2016). "Shirley Jaffe, Geometric Artist of Joyful Forms, Dies at 93". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d "BOMB Magazine — Shirley Jaffe by Shirley Kaneda". bombmagazine.org. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "US painter Shirley Jaffe, 93, dies in Paris | News | Expatica France". Expatica.com. September 29, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  4. ^ "Shirley Jaffe".
  5. ^ Jaffe, Shirley. "United States Public Records, 1970–2009". FamilySearch. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c "SHIRLEY JAFFE WITH RAPHAEL RUBINSTEIN". www.brooklynrail.org. April 2, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  7. ^ Rubinstein, Raphael (2010). "Shirley Jaffe with Raphael Rubinstein". The Brooklyn Rail.
  8. ^ a b "An American in Paris: Shirley Jaffe's Paintings from the 1970s". October 27, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  9. ^ Roberta Smith, NY Times review, 2009
  10. ^ Magazine, Wallpaper* (March 30, 2016). "How nonagenarian painter Shirley Jaffe stays cutting edge | Art | Wallpaper* Magazine". Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  11. ^ Duponchelle, Valérie (September 30, 2016). "Mort de Shirley Jaffe, une Américaine à Paris". Le Figaro (in French). ISSN 0182-5852. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  12. ^ Women in abstraction. London : New York, New York: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ; Thames & Hudson Inc. 2021. p. 170. ISBN 978-0500094372.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Border Crossing: Shirley Jaffe-painting and stained glass, Deborah Rosenthal, Modern Painters, Spring 2000.
  • Shirley Jaffe - Form als Experiment/Form as Experiment, Kunstmuseum Basel, Olga Osadtschy, Frédéric Paul (ed.), Christoph Merian Verlag, Basel 2024, ISBN 978-3-85616-989-3.
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