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{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}}
{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}}
{{Speciesbox
{{automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Norian]]<br />~{{fossil range|217|215}}
| fossil_range = [[Norian]]<br />~{{fossil range|220|213}}
| image = Lessemsaurus mount.jpg
| image = Lessemsaurus mount.jpg
| image_caption = ''Fasolasuchus'' in front of the sauropod ''[[Lessemsaurus]]'', in Singapore
| image_caption = ''Fasolasuchus'' in front of the sauropod ''[[Lessemsaurus]]'', in Singapore
| taxon = Fasolasuchus
| genus = Fasolasuchus
| authority = [[José Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] [[1981 in paleontology|1981]]
| parent_authority = [[José Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], [[1981 in paleontology|1981]]
| type_species = '''''Fasolasuchus tenax'''''
| species = tenax
| type_species_authority = [[José Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] 1981
| authority = [[José Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1981
}}
}}


'''''Fasolasuchus''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[loricatan]]. [[Fossil]]s have been found in the [[Los Colorados Formation]] of the [[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]] in northwestern [[Argentina]] that date back to the [[Norian]] stage of the [[Late Triassic]], making it one of the last rauisuchians to have existed before the [[order (biology)|order]] became extinct at the end of the Triassic.<ref>Bonaparte, J. F. 1981. Description de “''Fasolasuchus tenax''” y su significado en la sistemarica y evolucion de los thecodontia. ''Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”'' '''3''':55–101.</ref><ref>Bonaparte, J. F. (1986). Locomotion in Rauisuchid Thecodonts. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' '''3'''(4):210-218.</ref>
'''''Fasolasuchus''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[loricatan]]. [[Fossil]]s have been found in the [[Los Colorados Formation]] of the [[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]] in northwestern [[Argentina]] that date back to the [[Norian]] stage of the [[Late Triassic]], making it one of the last "rauisuchians" to have existed before the [[order (biology)|order]] became extinct at the end of the Triassic.<ref>Bonaparte, J. F. 1981. Description de "''Fasolasuchus tenax''" y su significado en la sistemarica y evolucion de los thecodontia. ''Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"'' '''3''':55–101.</ref><ref>Bonaparte, J. F. (1986). Locomotion in Rauisuchid Thecodonts. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' '''3'''(4):210-218.</ref>


== Description ==
== Description ==
[[File:Fasolasuchus tenax skull.jpg|thumb|left|Diagram showing preserved portions of the skull compared to a human]]
[[File:Fasolasuchus tenax skull.jpg|thumb|left|Diagram showing preserved portions of the skull compared to a human]]
It is quite possibly the largest known member of Rauisuchia, with an estimated length of {{convert|8|to|10|m|ft}},<ref>Nesbitt, S. J., Brusatte, S. L., Desojo, J. B., Liparini, A., França, M. A. G. D., Weinbaum, J. C., & Gower, D. J. (2013). Rauisuchia. ''Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 379''(1), 241–274. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP379.1</ref> even bigger than the [[Prestosuchidae|prestosuchid]] ''[[Saurosuchus]]'' at {{convert|7|m|ft}} in length.
''Fasolasuchus'' is likely the largest known "rauisuchian", with an estimated length of {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>Nesbitt, S. J., Brusatte, S. L., Desojo, J. B., Liparini, A., França, M. A. G. D., Weinbaum, J. C., & Gower, D. J. (2013). Rauisuchia. ''Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 379''(1), 241–274. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP379.1</ref> to {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Sterling J. Nesbitt|year=2011|title=The Early Evolution of Archosaurs: Relationships and the Origin of Major Clades|journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History|volume=352|pages=1–292|doi=10.1206/352.1|hdl=2246/6112|s2cid=83493714|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| isbn = 978-1-86239-361-5

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TN_KBP3vxg4C
This would make ''Fasolasuchus'' the largest terrestrial predator to have ever existed save for large [[theropod]]s.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Like ''Saurosuchus'', it had only a single row of caudal [[osteoderm]]s, unusual among rauisuchians.<ref>Sulej, T. (2005). A new rauisuchian reptile (Diapsida: Archosauria) from the Late Triassic of Poland. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' '''25'''(1):78–86.</ref> It also had a hyposphene-hypantrum articulation that gave the vertebral column extra rigidity. This feature is also seen in several other rauisuchians such as ''[[Postosuchus]]'' as well as [[saurischia]]n [[dinosaur]]s.<ref>Weinbaum, J. C. and Hungerbüler, A. (2007). A revision of ''Poposaurus gracilis'' (Archosauria: Suchia) based on two new specimens from the Late Triassic of the southwestern U.S.A. ''Paläontologische Zeitschrift'' '''81'''(2):131-145.</ref><ref>Apesteguia, S. (2005). Evolution of the hyposphene-hypantrum complex within Sauropoda. ''In:'' Virginia Tidwell, Kenneth Carpenter, eds., ''Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph dinosaurs''. Bloomington. Indiana University Press. pp. 248-267.</ref>
| title = Anatomy, Phylogeny and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin
| publisher = Geological Society
| date = 2013
| access-date = 14 September 2022
| page = 260
|author=Julia Brenda Desojo |author2=Randall B. Irmis |author3=Sterling J. Nesbitt
}}</ref>
This would make ''Fasolasuchus'' the largest terrestrial predator to have ever existed save for large [[theropod]]s, surpassing the Cenozoic ''[[Barinasuchus]]'', the "rauisuchian" counterpart ''[[Saurosuchus]]'' at {{convert|7|m|ft}}, and many medium sized theropods as large as ''[[Ceratosaurus]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Molnar |first1=Ralph E. |last2=Vasconcellos |first2=Felipe Mesquita de |date=2016-07-30 |title=Cenozoic dinosaurs in South America – revisited |url=https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-74-2016/pages-363-377/ |journal=Memoirs of Museum Victoria |language=English |volume=74 |pages=363–377 |doi=10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.25|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Ponce |first1=Denis A. |last2=Scheyer |first2=Torsten M. |last3=Cerda |first3=Ignacio A. |last4=Desojo |first4=Julia B. |date=2023-07-31 |title=Palaeobiological inferences of "rauisuchians" Fasolasuchus tenax (Los Colorados Fm., Argentina) and Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Santa Maria Super sequence, Brazil) from the Middle-Upper Triassic of South America based on microstructural analyses |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37519277/ |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=243 |issue=6 |pages=893–909 |doi=10.1111/joa.13937 |issn=1469-7580 |pmid=37519277|pmc=10641045 |pmc-embargo-date=July 31, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fawcett |first1=Molly J. |last2=Lautenschlager |first2=Stephan |last3=Bestwick |first3=Jordan |last4=Butler |first4=Richard J. |date=2023-08-16 |title=Functional morphology of the Triassic apex predator Saurosuchus galilei (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) and convergence with a post-Triassic theropod dinosaur |journal=The Anatomical Record |language=en |doi=10.1002/ar.25299 |issn=1932-8486|doi-access=free |pmid=37584310 }}</ref> Like ''Saurosuchus'', it had only a single row of caudal [[osteoderm]]s, unusual among "rauisuchians".<ref>Sulej, T. (2005). A new rauisuchian reptile (Diapsida: Archosauria) from the Late Triassic of Poland. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' '''25'''(1):78–86.</ref> It also had a hyposphene-hypantrum articulation that gave the vertebral column extra rigidity. This feature is also seen in several other "rauisuchians" such as ''[[Postosuchus]]'' as well as [[saurischia]]n [[dinosaur]]s.<ref>Weinbaum, J. C. and Hungerbüler, A. (2007). A revision of ''Poposaurus gracilis'' (Archosauria: Suchia) based on two new specimens from the Late Triassic of the southwestern U.S.A. ''Paläontologische Zeitschrift'' '''81'''(2):131-145.</ref><ref>Apesteguia, S. (2005). Evolution of the hyposphene-hypantrum complex within Sauropoda. ''In:'' Virginia Tidwell, Kenneth Carpenter, eds., ''Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph dinosaurs''. Bloomington. Indiana University Press. pp. 248-267.</ref>


== Phylogeny ==
== Phylogeny ==
[[Cladogram]] after the analysis of Nesbitt (2011):<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nesbitt |first=S. J. |year=2011 |title=The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=352 |pages=1–292 |url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/6112 |doi=10.1206/352.1|hdl=2246/6112 |s2cid=83493714 }}</ref>
[[Cladogram]] after the analysis of Nesbitt (2011):<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nesbitt |first=S. J. |year=2011 |title=The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=352 |pages=1–292 |doi=10.1206/352.1|hdl=2246/6112 |s2cid=83493714 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
{{clade|style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:100%;line-height:100%
{{clade|style=white-space:nowrap;font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|label1=&nbsp;[[Paracrocodylomorpha]]&nbsp;
|label1=&nbsp;[[Paracrocodylomorpha]]&nbsp;
Line 43: Line 51:
}}
}}
}}
}}

== Paleobiology ==
[[File:PN Talampaya, La Rioja..JPG|thumb|left|A model of ''Fasolasuchus'' at [[Talampaya National Park]]]]
A study on bone microstructure determined that ''Fasolasuchus'' had a relatively fast growth rate, similar to most other "rauisuchians", with the exception of ''[[Prestosuchus]]''. The same study also determined that the specimen was somatically and skeletally mature, but it wasn't possible to determine sexual maturity: this may be due to taphonomic causes, however the bone cortex was mostly preserved and didn't show the changes in bone matrix or in vascularization that would be expected if the specimen was sexually mature. Alternatively, ''Fasolasuchus'' attained sexual maturity contemporaneously to or slightly later than somatic and skeletal maturity (although this growth pattern is today only found in birds, not crocodilians), or there were differences in the timing of maturity of different bones in the same individual, as reported in the [[tuatara]] and in some dinosaurs.<ref name=":0" />


== References ==
== References ==
Line 48: Line 60:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=38250&is_real_user=1 ''Fasolasuchus''] in the [[Paleobiology Database]]
* [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=105694 ''Fasolasuchus''] in the [[Paleobiology Database]]
* {{cite web|url=http://www.paleofile.com/Pseudosuchia/Fasolasuchus.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919085532/http://www.paleofile.com/Pseudosuchia/Fasolasuchus.asp|archive-date=19 September 2022|title=Fasolasuchus - paleofile.com}}


{{Pseudosuchia|B.}}
{{Pseudosuchia|B.}}
Line 54: Line 67:
{{Portal bar|Paleontology}}
{{Portal bar|Paleontology}}


[[Category:Paracrocodylomorphs]]
[[Category:Loricatans]]
[[Category:Norian life]]
[[Category:Norian life]]
[[Category:Late Triassic reptiles of South America]]
[[Category:Late Triassic reptiles of South America]]

Latest revision as of 10:52, 19 December 2024

Fasolasuchus
Temporal range: Norian
~220–213 Ma
Fasolasuchus in front of the sauropod Lessemsaurus, in Singapore
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauria
Clade: Pseudosuchia
Genus: †Fasolasuchus
Bonaparte, 1981
Species:
†F. tenax
Binomial name
†Fasolasuchus tenax
Bonaparte, 1981

Fasolasuchus is an extinct genus of loricatan. Fossils have been found in the Los Colorados Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina that date back to the Norian stage of the Late Triassic, making it one of the last "rauisuchians" to have existed before the order became extinct at the end of the Triassic.[1][2]

Description

[edit]
Diagram showing preserved portions of the skull compared to a human

Fasolasuchus is likely the largest known "rauisuchian", with an estimated length of 8 m (26 ft)[3] to 10 m (33 ft).[4][5] This would make Fasolasuchus the largest terrestrial predator to have ever existed save for large theropods, surpassing the Cenozoic Barinasuchus, the "rauisuchian" counterpart Saurosuchus at 7 metres (23 ft), and many medium sized theropods as large as Ceratosaurus.[6][7][8] Like Saurosuchus, it had only a single row of caudal osteoderms, unusual among "rauisuchians".[9] It also had a hyposphene-hypantrum articulation that gave the vertebral column extra rigidity. This feature is also seen in several other "rauisuchians" such as Postosuchus as well as saurischian dinosaurs.[10][11]

Phylogeny

[edit]

Cladogram after the analysis of Nesbitt (2011):[12]

 Paracrocodylomorpha 

Paleobiology

[edit]
A model of Fasolasuchus at Talampaya National Park

A study on bone microstructure determined that Fasolasuchus had a relatively fast growth rate, similar to most other "rauisuchians", with the exception of Prestosuchus. The same study also determined that the specimen was somatically and skeletally mature, but it wasn't possible to determine sexual maturity: this may be due to taphonomic causes, however the bone cortex was mostly preserved and didn't show the changes in bone matrix or in vascularization that would be expected if the specimen was sexually mature. Alternatively, Fasolasuchus attained sexual maturity contemporaneously to or slightly later than somatic and skeletal maturity (although this growth pattern is today only found in birds, not crocodilians), or there were differences in the timing of maturity of different bones in the same individual, as reported in the tuatara and in some dinosaurs.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Bonaparte, J. F. 1981. Description de "Fasolasuchus tenax" y su significado en la sistemarica y evolucion de los thecodontia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" 3:55–101.
  2. ^ Bonaparte, J. F. (1986). Locomotion in Rauisuchid Thecodonts. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3(4):210-218.
  3. ^ Nesbitt, S. J., Brusatte, S. L., Desojo, J. B., Liparini, A., França, M. A. G. D., Weinbaum, J. C., & Gower, D. J. (2013). Rauisuchia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 379(1), 241–274. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP379.1
  4. ^ Sterling J. Nesbitt (2011). "The Early Evolution of Archosaurs: Relationships and the Origin of Major Clades". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 352: 1–292. doi:10.1206/352.1. hdl:2246/6112. S2CID 83493714.
  5. ^ Julia Brenda Desojo; Randall B. Irmis; Sterling J. Nesbitt (2013). Anatomy, Phylogeny and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin. Geological Society. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-86239-361-5. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  6. ^ Molnar, Ralph E.; Vasconcellos, Felipe Mesquita de (2016-07-30). "Cenozoic dinosaurs in South America – revisited". Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 74: 363–377. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.25.
  7. ^ a b Ponce, Denis A.; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Desojo, Julia B. (2023-07-31). "Palaeobiological inferences of "rauisuchians" Fasolasuchus tenax (Los Colorados Fm., Argentina) and Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Santa Maria Super sequence, Brazil) from the Middle-Upper Triassic of South America based on microstructural analyses". Journal of Anatomy. 243 (6): 893–909. doi:10.1111/joa.13937. ISSN 1469-7580. PMC 10641045. PMID 37519277.
  8. ^ Fawcett, Molly J.; Lautenschlager, Stephan; Bestwick, Jordan; Butler, Richard J. (2023-08-16). "Functional morphology of the Triassic apex predator Saurosuchus galilei (Pseudosuchia: Loricata) and convergence with a post-Triassic theropod dinosaur". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25299. ISSN 1932-8486. PMID 37584310.
  9. ^ Sulej, T. (2005). A new rauisuchian reptile (Diapsida: Archosauria) from the Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(1):78–86.
  10. ^ Weinbaum, J. C. and Hungerbüler, A. (2007). A revision of Poposaurus gracilis (Archosauria: Suchia) based on two new specimens from the Late Triassic of the southwestern U.S.A. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 81(2):131-145.
  11. ^ Apesteguia, S. (2005). Evolution of the hyposphene-hypantrum complex within Sauropoda. In: Virginia Tidwell, Kenneth Carpenter, eds., Thunder-lizards: the Sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Bloomington. Indiana University Press. pp. 248-267.
  12. ^ Nesbitt, S. J. (2011). "The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 352: 1–292. doi:10.1206/352.1. hdl:2246/6112. S2CID 83493714.
[edit]


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