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Coordinates: 21°26′28″N 110°46′44″E / 21.441°N 110.779°E / 21.441; 110.779
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|image_skyline = Wuchuan zhanjiang.png
|image_skyline = Wuchuan zhanjiang.png
|image_map = Administrative Division Zhanjiang.png
|image_map = Administrative Division Zhanjiang.png
|map_caption = Wuchuan is the easternmost division of this map of Zhanjiang
|map_caption =On this map of Zhanjiang, Wuchuan is the easternmost part, shown in light blue next to the region in pink.
|pushpin_map = China Guangdong
|pushpin_map = China Guangdong
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_label_position =
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|subdivision_name2 = [[Zhanjiang]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Zhanjiang]]
|area_total_km2 = 848
|area_total_km2 = 848
|population_total = 927,275
|population_total = 907,354
|population_as_of = 2010 census
|population_as_of = 2020 census
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_km2 = auto
|coordinates = {{coord|21.441|N|110.779|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-44_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
|coordinates = {{coord|21.441|N|110.779|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-44_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
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|l=[[state of Wu|Wu]] [[rivers of China|River]](s)
|l=[[state of Wu|Wu]] [[rivers of China|River]](s)
}}
}}
'''Wuchuan'''{{efn|Also formerly [[romanization of Chinese|romanized]] as '''Woo-chuen'''<ref name=gutzy/> and '''Wu-ch'uen'''.<ref>{{cite EB1911|volume=XV|wstitle=Kwang-Tung}}</ref>}} is a [[county-level city]] in the southwest of [[Guangdong]] province, China. It is the easternmost [[county-level division]] of the [[prefecture-level city]] of [[Zhanjiang]]. The total area of Wuchuan is {{convert|848|sqkm|sp=us}}, with an estimated population of {{formatnum:1111394}} in 2013.<!-- The area is low and even. The annual average temperature is {{convert|23|C|sp=us}}, with annual rainfall of about {{convert|1600|mm|sp=us|abbr=on}}.-->
'''Wuchuan'''{{efn|Also formerly [[romanization of Chinese|romanized]] as '''Woo-chuen'''<ref name=gutzy/> and '''Wu-ch'uen'''.<ref>{{cite EB1911|volume=XV|wstitle=Kwang-Tung}}</ref>}} is a [[county-level city]] in southwestern [[Guangdong]] province, China. It is the easternmost [[county-level division]] of the [[prefecture-level city]] of [[Zhanjiang]]. Wuchuan covers an area of {{convert|848|sqkm|sp=us}}, with an population of 907,354 as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/guangdong/admin/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref><!-- The area is low and even. The annual average temperature is {{convert|23|C|sp=us}}, with annual rainfall of about {{convert|1600|mm|sp=us|abbr=on}}.-->


==History==
==History==
Under the [[Sui Dynasty|Sui]], Wuchuan was a small county called '''Wujiang''' from the nearby Jian River.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} Under the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]], Wuchuan was administered from [[Gaozhou]] [[Fu (administrative subdivision)|Commandery]]<ref name=gutzy>{{citation |last=Gützlaff |first=Charles |author-link=Karl Gützlaff |editor=Andrew Reed |display-editors=0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iO5AAAAAcAAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/chinaopenedordis02gutziala/page/527 527] |title=China Opened |year=1838 }}.</ref> (now a county-level city within neighboring [[Maoming]] [[prefecture (China)|Prefecture]]). On May 26, 1994, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China agreed to Wuchuan County's elevation to county-level city status and placed it under the administration of Zhanjiang.<!--Replace with actual English names of these places, rather than partially machine-translated gibberish: Wuchuan was made of Mei Lu Subdistrict, Mountain River Subdistrict, Bo Shop Subdistrict, Subdistrict, Huang Po Zhen Tang Wei, Zhongshan Town, Wu Yang Town, Ban Qiao Town, Zhen Wen Town, Zhang Pu Town, Long Qi Zhen Town, Shallow Water, Cover, Ba Zhen Lan Shi Zhen Wang Village, Tang Town, the town of Zhui.-->
Under the [[Sui dynasty]], Wuchuan was a small county known as Wujiang located along the [[Jian River (Guangdong)|Jian River]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} During the [[Qing dynasty]], Wuchuan was administered from [[Gaozhou]] [[Fu (administrative division)|Commandery]].<ref name=gutzy>{{citation |last=Gützlaff |first=Charles |author-link=Karl Gützlaff |editor=Andrew Reed |display-editors=0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iO5AAAAAcAAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/chinaopenedordis02gutziala/page/527 527] |title=China Opened |year=1838 }}</ref> (now a county-level city within the neighboring [[Maoming]] [[prefecture (China)|Prefecture]]). On May 26, 1994, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China approved the elevation of Wuchuan County to county-level city status and placed it under the administration of Zhanjiang.<!--Replace with actual English names of these places, rather than partially machine-translated gibberish: Wuchuan was made of Mei Lu Subdistrict, Mountain River Subdistrict, Bo Shop Subdistrict, Subdistrict, Huang Po Zhen Tang Wei, Zhongshan Town, Wu Yang Town, Ban Qiao Town, Zhen Wen Town, Zhang Pu Town, Long Qi Zhen Town, Shallow Water, Cover, Ba Zhen Lan Shi Zhen Wang Village, Tang Town, the town of Zhui.-->


==Geography==
==Geography==
Wuchuan sits on the Jian River where it empties into the [[South China Sea]], at the eastern coast of the [[Leizhou Peninsula]]. It borders Zhanjiang's [[Potou District]] to the west, [[Lianjiang, Guangdong|Lianjiang]] to the west, [[Huazhou, Guangdong|Huazhou]] to the north, and the [[Maoming]] districts of [[Maonan District|Maonan]] and [[Dianbai]] to the east and northeast.
Wuchuan is located on the Jian River where it flows into the [[South China Sea]], on the eastern coast of the [[Leizhou Peninsula]]. It borders Zhanjiang's [[Potou District]] to the west, [[Lianjiang, Guangdong|Lianjiang]] to the southwest, [[Huazhou, Guangdong|Huazhou]] to the north, and the [[Maoming]] districts of [[Maonan District|Maonan]] and [[Dianbai]] to the east and northeast. The time zone for Wuchuan, as with all locations in the People's Republic of China, is Beijing Time (GMT +8).


==Climate==
==Climate==


{{Weather box|width=auto
{{Weather box
| width = auto
|metric first=y
| metric first = y
|single line=y
| single line = y
|collapsed = Y
| collapsed = Y
|location = Wuchuan (1991−2020)
| location = Wuchuan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)
|Jan high C = 20
| Jan high C = 20.0
|Feb high C = 20.7
| Feb high C = 20.7
|Mar high C = 23.5
| Mar high C = 23.5
|Apr high C = 26.3
| Apr high C = 26.3
|May high C = 29.7
| May high C = 29.7
|Jun high C = 31.3
| Jun high C = 31.3
|Jul high C = 31.4
| Jul high C = 31.4
|Aug high C = 31.6
| Aug high C = 31.6
|Sep high C = 31.3
| Sep high C = 31.3
|Oct high C = 29.2
| Oct high C = 29.2
|Nov high C = 26.2
| Nov high C = 26.2
|Dec high C = 21.4
| Dec high C = 21.4
|Jan mean C = 16.1
| Jan mean C = 16.1
|Feb mean C = 17.1
| Feb mean C = 17.1
|Mar mean C = 20.3
| Mar mean C = 20.3
|Apr mean C = 23.4
| Apr mean C = 23.4
|May mean C = 27.1
| May mean C = 27.1
|Jun mean C = 28.7
| Jun mean C = 28.7
|Jul mean C = 28.7
| Jul mean C = 28.7
|Aug mean C = 28.4
| Aug mean C = 28.4
|Sep mean C = 27.7
| Sep mean C = 27.7
|Oct mean C = 25.2
| Oct mean C = 25.2
|Nov mean C = 22.3
| Nov mean C = 22.3
|Dec mean C = 17.3
| Dec mean C = 17.3
|year mean C =
| Jan low C = 13.7
|Jan low C = 13.7
| Feb low C = 14.9
|Feb low C = 14.9
| Mar low C = 18.2
|Mar low C = 18.2
| Apr low C = 21.5
|Apr low C = 21.5
| May low C = 25.1
|May low C = 25.1
| Jun low C = 26.5
|Jun low C = 26.5
| Jul low C = 26.6
|Jul low C = 26.6
| Aug low C = 26.0
|Aug low C = 26
| Sep low C = 25.1
|Sep low C = 25.1
| Oct low C = 22.3
|Oct low C = 22.3
| Nov low C = 19.6
|Nov low C = 19.6
| Dec low C = 14.5
|Dec low C = 14.5
| Jan record high C = 27.4
|Jan record high C = 27.4 |Jan record low C = 5.3
| Jan record low C = 5.3
| Feb record high C = 30.7
|Feb record high C = 30.7 |Feb record low C = 4.3
| Feb record low C = 4.3
| Mar record high C = 30.6
|Mar record high C = 30.6 |Mar record low C = 5.1
| Mar record low C = 5.1
| Apr record high C = 33.6
|Apr record high C = 33.6 |Apr record low C = 11.4
| Apr record low C = 11.4
| May record high C = 36.0
|May record high C = 36.0 |May record low C = 16.8
| May record low C = 16.8
| Jun record high C = 37.7
|Jun record high C = 37.7 |Jun record low C = 19.2
| Jun record low C = 19.2
| Jul record high C = 38.5
|Jul record high C = 38.5 |Jul record low C = 22.6
| Jul record low C = 22.6
| Aug record high C = 38.5
|Aug record high C = 38.5 |Aug record low C = 22.4
| Aug record low C = 22.4
| Sep record high C = 37.0
|Sep record high C = 37.0 |Sep record low C = 17.3
| Sep record low C = 17.3
| Oct record high C = 35.4
|Oct record high C = 34.7 |Oct record low C = 13.6
| Oct record low C = 13.6
| Nov record high C = 33.0
|Nov record high C = 33.0 |Nov record low C = 6.7
| Nov record low C = 6.7
| Dec record high C = 28.8
|Dec record high C = 28.8 |Dec record low C = 4.0
| Dec record low C = 4.0
|year high C= |year low C=
| year high C =
| year low C =
|year high F = |year low F =
| year high F =
| year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
| precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 35.2
| Jan precipitation mm = 35.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 32.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 32.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 49.3
| Mar precipitation mm = 49.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 129
| Apr precipitation mm = 129.0
|May precipitation mm = 181.1
| May precipitation mm = 181.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 249.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 249.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 236.7
| Jul precipitation mm = 236.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 280.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 280.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 201.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 201.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 90.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 90.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 32.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 32.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 37.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 37.1
|Jan humidity = 78
| Jan humidity = 78
|Feb humidity = 84
| Feb humidity = 84
|Mar humidity = 86
| Mar humidity = 86
|Apr humidity = 87
| Apr humidity = 87
|May humidity = 86
| May humidity = 86
|Jun humidity = 85
| Jun humidity = 85
|Jul humidity = 84
| Jul humidity = 84
|Aug humidity = 84
| Aug humidity = 84
|Sep humidity = 81
| Sep humidity = 81
|Oct humidity = 75
| Oct humidity = 75
|Nov humidity = 74
| Nov humidity = 74
|Dec humidity = 73
| Dec humidity = 73
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma new"> {{cite web
| Jan precipitation days = 6.0
⚫
|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
| Feb precipitation days = 8.4
|script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
| Mar precipitation days = 9.4
}}</ref>
| Apr precipitation days = 11.0

| May precipitation days = 14.0
| source 2 = China Meteorological Data Service Center<ref name=IBST>{{cite web
| Jun precipitation days = 15.4
| url = http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html
| Jul precipitation days = 14.2
|script-title=zh:中国地面气候标准值月值(1981-2010)
| Aug precipitation days = 16.8
| publisher = China Meteorological Data Service Center
| Sep precipitation days = 14.0
| language = zh-hans
| Oct precipitation days = 6.7
| access-date = 7 November 2022}}</ref>
| Nov precipitation days = 5.1
| Dec precipitation days = 5.2
| year precipitation days =
| Jan sun = 128.3
| Feb sun = 98.8
| Mar sun = 92.0
| Apr sun = 122.9
| May sun = 180.4
| Jun sun = 197.6
| Jul sun = 232.9
| Aug sun = 212.7
| Sep sun = 201.3
| Oct sun = 216.0
| Nov sun = 183.6
| Dec sun = 153.8
| year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 38
| Feb percentsun = 31
| Mar percentsun = 25
| Apr percentsun = 32
| May percentsun = 44
| Jun percentsun = 49
| Jul percentsun = 57
| Aug percentsun = 54
| Sep percentsun = 55
| Oct percentsun = 60
| Nov percentsun = 55
| Dec percentsun = 46
| year percentsun =
| source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref><ref>
⚫
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023}}</ref>
| source =
}}
}}


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===Language===
===Language===
Three main language varieties are spoken in Wuchuan.<ref>Shao Lanzhu [{{lang|zh-hans|邵兰珠}}]. 2016. ''Guangdong Jizhaohua yanjiu'' [{{lang|zh-hans|广东吉兆话研究}}]. M.A. dissertation: Guangxi University for Nationalities [{{lang|zh-hans|广西民族大学}}].</ref>
Three main language varieties are spoken in Wuchuan.<ref>Shao Lanzhu [{{lang|zh-hans|邵兰珠}}]. 2016. ''Guangdong Jizhaohua yanjiu'' [{{lang|zh-hans|广东吉兆话研究}}]. M.A. dissertation: Guangxi University for Nationalities [{{lang|zh-hans|广西民族大学}}].</ref>
*'''Baihua 白话''': a [[Yue Chinese]] dialect
* Baihua 白话: a [[Yue Chinese]] dialect
*'''Donghua 东话''' ('''Leihua 雷话'''): a [[Southern Min]] Chinese dialect spoken in Lanshi 兰石, Tanba 覃巴, Wangcungang 王村港
* Donghua 东话 (also known as Leihua 雷话): a [[Southern Min]] Chinese dialect spoken in Lanshi 兰石, Tanba 覃巴, and Wangcungang 王村港
*'''Haihua 海话''' ([[Jizhao language|Jizhao]] 吉兆话): spoken on the coast
* Haihua 海话 (also known as [[Jizhao language|Jizhao]] 吉兆话): spoken on the coast


The spoken language in Zhanjiang's northern downtown districts is largely [[Yue Chinese|Cantonese]] while [[Leizhou Min]] language is the prestige language in [[Mazhang District]], [[Leizhou City]] and other nearby counties also speak the Leizhou Min as well. The dialect in Lianjiang County is [[Hakka]]. The time zone for Zhanjiang, as with all locations in the People's Republic of China, is Beijing time (GMT +8).
In Zhanjiang's northern downtown districts, the spoken language is primarily [[Yue Chinese|Cantonese]], while [[Leizhou Min]] is the prestige language in [[Mazhang District]], [[Leizhou City]], and other nearby counties. The dialect spoken in Lianjiang County is [[Hakka]].


Jianjiang drainage basin is a region where people of Han nationality and the other Baiyue ethnic groups had lived together in history. Local authorities which are subordinated to the central government of Han nationality habe been established since the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The establishment of the local government of Luozhou and Gaozhou and their close relationships with Guangzhou have promoted the Hanization of the local Baiyue ethnic groups, which in turn made the formation of the Wuchuan-Huazhou Cantonese, a dialectal Chinese, come into being.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Jian|title=history of forming of Wuchuan-Huazhou Cantonese|journal=Zhanjiang Teachers' College Journal |volume=35|issue=1006-4702（2014）04-0107-04}} Retrieved. 2014-12-25.</ref>
The Jianjiang drainage basin is a region where people of [[Han Chinese|Han]] nationality and other [[Baiyue]] ethnic groups have lived together throughout history. Local authorities subordinated to a central government of Han nationality have existed since the [[Northern and Southern Dynasties]]. The establishment of local governments such as [[Luzhou]] and Gaozhou and their close relationships with [[Guangzhou]] have promoted the Hanization of the local Baiyue ethnic groups, leading to the formation of Wuchuan-Huazhou Cantonese, a dialect of Chinese.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Jian|title=history of forming of Wuchuan-Huazhou Cantonese|journal=Zhanjiang Teachers' College Journal |volume=35|issue=1006-4702（2014）04-0107-04}} Retrieved. 2014-12-25.</ref>


===Folk Custom===
===Folk Custom===
*Piaose
====Piaose====
⚫
Piaose is a significant folk art form from Guangdong province. Over time, it has largely disappeared from many areas, but it continues to be an integral part of life and culture in Wuchuan. Wuchuan Piaose holds substantial aesthetic, artistic, and humanistic value. It incorporates distinctive imagery based on its origins and composition. However, Wuchuan Piaose also faces challenges from foreign cultural influences, funding issues, publicity, and the need for artistic innovation.


⚫
In July 2009, the Wuchuan Piaose team was invited to participate in the Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival.
⚫
Piaose was a kind of important folk art in Guangdong province. As time went by, it has disappeared in many places. But in Wuchuan, it still connect with local persons' life and local culture. Wuchuan Piaose has great aesthetic value, artistic value and humanistic value. It integrates idiographic pictures basing on its source and constitution. At the same time, Wuchan Piaose is also facing the attack of foreign culture, inderitente, funding, publicity and artistic innovation.
⚫
In 2009 July, Wuchuan Piaose team was invited to take part in the "Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage festival".
*Clay Sculpture
⚫
Clay sculpture is an "Original Art", and its original characteristic determines that it is one of the most ancient human arts. Clay sculpture not only records folk life, but also creates the colourful art space. The regionality and stability of clay Sculpture art represent the people's value orientation and aesthetic experience. Protecting its "cultural difference" and aesthetic multiformity becomes an important strategy for the survival of China's contemporary clay sculpture art.<ref name=two>{{cite book|last1=Lin|first1=Jifu|title=from clay to art|publisher=journal of yangtze university|page=22}} Retrieved. 2014-12-25.</ref>
*Years-cases
Years-cases are activities of local characteristics in the western Guangdong. This festival based on local god. Years-cases fill with many kinds of fastidious complex sacrifice ceremony. And all rituals are conducted as one. Years-cases are composed of four sections such as the gods of years-cases, rituals of years-cases, opera of years-cases and feast of years-cases. The gods of years-cases is the core of years-cases. The chapter mainly focuses on
the changes of years-cases gods' image. The images tend to complicate things. There are two major patterns to the changes of gods' images. For example, it is a combination of multiple gods' images. Moreover, there are several different gods in the same ritual of years-cases. The changes of gods show people's ideas and concepts. God's parade is the most important part of the years-cases' ritual. It reflects people's culture or faith. We will use the field survey of Beiyue village's ritual as an example. And then we focus on the patterns of years-cases' ritual in the changes. It is planning to go in for further studies in secularization and commercialization of years-cases. Opera of years-cases means mainly opera performance in the night The ritual and opera must fit together and complement each other. Opera is one of the ceremonies. At the same time actor is a priest. It focuses on years-cases' allegorizations. Feast of years-cases also is a ritual. Symbolically food is consumed by people. It is a ritual process. Local eating habits defend the eating culture. Needs of
⚫
symbolically food is to develop the pig industry and poultry industry in Wuchuan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chen|first1=Hanwei|title=the transition of Zhanjiang's Years-cases|publisher=Guangxi Normal university|page=5}} Retrieved. 2015-01-13.</ref>


==Historic spot==
====Clay sculpture====
⚫
Clay sculpture is considered an "original art" form, with its ancient origins reflecting its status as one of the earliest human arts. Clay sculpture not only documents folk life but also creates a vibrant artistic space. The regional and stable nature of clay sculpture art represents the values and aesthetic experiences of its people. Protecting its "cultural difference" and aesthetic diversity is crucial for the preservation and survival of contemporary clay sculpture art in China.<ref name=two>{{cite book|last1=Lin|first1=Jifu|title=from clay to art|publisher=journal of yangtze university|page=22}} Retrieved. 2014-12-25.</ref>
*[[Maoshan Ancient Academy]]
It is located in the Wuchuan Bo Pu Zhen. 1700 years ago, it was a library created by Wang Jun.
*[[Xiangshan Ancient Temple]]
⚫
It was built in 283 and has been rebuilt several times. Now it still lies on Wuchuan Popu.


==Famous Persons==
====Years-cases====
Years-cases are traditional activities unique to western Guangdong, centered around local deities. This festival features elaborate sacrificial ceremonies and rituals that are performed as a unified event. Years-cases consist of four main components: the gods of years-cases, the rituals, the opera, and the feast.
⚫
#[[Lin Shaotang]] (1786～1872), an ethnic [[Putian people|Putianese]] Min person from Wu Yang Zhen, one of the champion of Imperial Examination. And he is one of the few overseas ethnic Putian Min champions.

⚫
#[[Chen Lanbin]] (1816～1895) born in Huang Po Zhen, minister, scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, and the first China ambassador to the United States.
The gods of years-cases form the core of the festival. This chapter focuses on the evolution of the gods' images, which have become increasingly complex. There are two major patterns in the changes of these images: one involves the combination of multiple gods' images, while the other features different gods within the same ritual. These changes reflect the evolving ideas and concepts of the community.
⚫
#[[Li Hanhun]] (1894-1987) graduated from Baoding army officer school in 1919. In 1926 he participated in the northern expedition. During the period of Anti Japanese War, he was an army colonel, served as commander of Army Group Commander, Guangdong provincial government chairman.

⚫
#[[Liu Huaqiu]] (1939- )deputy director of the center for international economic exchanges.
The parade of gods is the most crucial part of the years-cases ritual, embodying the community's culture and beliefs. Field surveys of Beiyue village's rituals will be used as examples to examine these patterns. Further studies are planned on the secularization and commercialization of years-cases.
⚫
#[[Yu Yilong]] (1965- ) the famous Chinese hard pen calligraphy.

The opera of years-cases primarily involves nighttime performances. The ritual and opera must complement each other, with actors also serving as priests. The opera allegorizes the themes of years-cases.

⚫
The feast of years-cases is also a ritual, where food is symbolically consumed. This process reflects local eating habits and supports the pig and poultry industries in Wuchuan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chen|first1=Hanwei|title=the transition of Zhanjiang's Years-cases|publisher=Guangxi Normal university|page=5}} Retrieved. 2015-01-13.</ref>

==Historic locations==
* Maoshan Ancient Academy: A library established 1,700 years ago by Wang Jun. It is located in Bo Pu Zhen, Wuchuan.
⚫
* Xiangshan Ancient Temple: Originally built in 283, the Xiangshan Temple has been rebuilt several times. It is currently situated in Popu, Wuchuan.

==Famous persons==
⚫
* [[Lin Shaotang]] (1786–1872), an ethnic [[Putian people|Putianese]] from Wu Yang Zhen, was one of the champions of the Imperial Examination. He was one of the few overseas ethnic Putian Min champions.
⚫
* [[Chen Lanbin]] (1816–1895) was a minister and scholar of the late Qing dynasty, born in Huang Po Zhen. He was the first Chinese ambassador to the United States.
⚫
* [[Li Hanhun]] (1894–1987) graduated from Baoding Army Officer School in 1919. In 1926, he participated in the [[Northern Expedition|Northern Expedition]]. During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], he served as an army colonel, commander of an Army Group, and chairman of the Guangdong provincial government.
⚫
* [[Liu Huaqiu]] (1939–) is the deputy director of the Center for International Economic Exchanges.
⚫
* [[Yu Yilong]] (1965–) is a renowned Chinese hard pen [[Calligraphy|calligrapher]].


==Education==
==Education==
Up to 2013, there are 468 schools on all levels in Wuchuan, including 1 teacher training school, 11 middle schools and 296 primary schools. There are 206,202 students studying at schools, including 97,778 high schools students, 77,179 primary school students and many nursery school students.
As of 2013, Wuchuan has 468 schools at all levels, including 1 teacher training school, 11 middle schools, and 296 primary schools. The total student enrollment is 206,202, comprising 97,778 high school students, 77,179 primary school students, and a number of nursery school students.

*Wuchuan NO.1 Middle School
It was founded in 1927, November 11 and it was the most famous school in Wuchuan. Each year, about 3,000 students graduated from this middle school and most of them can enter in good universities.
* Wuchuan No. 1 Middle School: Founded on November 11, 1927, Wuchuan No. 1 Middle School is the most renowned school in Wuchuan. Each year, approximately 3,000 students graduate from this school, and many of them gain admission to prestigious universities.
* Wuchuan No. 3 Middle School: Established in 1964, Wuchuan No. 3 Middle School has developed rapidly and is considered one of the top middle schools in Wuchuan.
*Wuchuan NO.3 Middle School
It was founded in 1964 and it developed really fast. It is one of the best middle school in Wuchuan.


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 190: Line 241:
== External links ==
== External links ==
*[http://25245328.blog.163.com/blog/enwiki/static/970881492008102905044781/ 七律·读清代名臣陈兰彬生平事迹感怀四首(之四)] (in Chinese).
*[http://25245328.blog.163.com/blog/enwiki/static/970881492008102905044781/ 七律·读清代名臣陈兰彬生平事迹感怀四首(之四)] (in Chinese).
*[http://www.cairns.qld.gov.au/region/sister-cities/Zhanjiang-China Zhanjiang China – Cairns Regional Council.]
*[http://www.cairns.qld.gov.au/region/sister-cities/Zhanjiang-China Zhanjiang China – Cairns Regional Council.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506201950/http://www.cairns.qld.gov.au/region/sister-cities/Zhanjiang-China |date=2013-05-06 }}


{{Guangdong}}
{{Guangdong}}

Latest revision as of 14:09, 19 December 2024

Wuchuan
吴川市
Wuchwan
County-level city
On this map of Zhanjiang, Wuchuan is the easternmost part, shown in light blue next to the region in pink.
On this map of Zhanjiang, Wuchuan is the easternmost part, shown in light blue next to the region in pink.
Wuchuan is located in Guangdong
Wuchuan
Wuchuan
Location in Guangdong
Coordinates: 21°26′28″N 110°46′44″E / 21.441°N 110.779°E / 21.441; 110.779
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGuangdong
Prefecture-level cityZhanjiang
Area
 • Total
848 km2 (327 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)
 • Total
907,354
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
WebsiteOfficial website
Wuchuan, Guangdong
Traditional Chinese吳川
Simplified Chinese吴川
Literal meaningWu River(s)
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinWúchuān
Wade–GilesWu-chʻuan

Wuchuan[a] is a county-level city in southwestern Guangdong province, China. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Zhanjiang. Wuchuan covers an area of 848 square kilometers (327 sq mi), with an population of 907,354 as of 2020.[3]

History

[edit]

Under the Sui dynasty, Wuchuan was a small county known as Wujiang located along the Jian River.[citation needed] During the Qing dynasty, Wuchuan was administered from Gaozhou Commandery.[1] (now a county-level city within the neighboring Maoming Prefecture). On May 26, 1994, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China approved the elevation of Wuchuan County to county-level city status and placed it under the administration of Zhanjiang.

Geography

[edit]

Wuchuan is located on the Jian River where it flows into the South China Sea, on the eastern coast of the Leizhou Peninsula. It borders Zhanjiang's Potou District to the west, Lianjiang to the southwest, Huazhou to the north, and the Maoming districts of Maonan and Dianbai to the east and northeast. The time zone for Wuchuan, as with all locations in the People's Republic of China, is Beijing Time (GMT +8).

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Wuchuan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.4
(81.3) 		30.7
(87.3) 		30.6
(87.1) 		33.6
(92.5) 		36.0
(96.8) 		37.7
(99.9) 		38.5
(101.3) 		38.5
(101.3) 		37.0
(98.6) 		35.4
(95.7) 		33.0
(91.4) 		28.8
(83.8) 		38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 20.0
(68.0) 		20.7
(69.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		26.3
(79.3) 		29.7
(85.5) 		31.3
(88.3) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.6
(88.9) 		31.3
(88.3) 		29.2
(84.6) 		26.2
(79.2) 		21.4
(70.5) 		26.9
(80.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.1
(61.0) 		17.1
(62.8) 		20.3
(68.5) 		23.4
(74.1) 		27.1
(80.8) 		28.7
(83.7) 		28.7
(83.7) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.7
(81.9) 		25.2
(77.4) 		22.3
(72.1) 		17.3
(63.1) 		23.5
(74.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.7
(56.7) 		14.9
(58.8) 		18.2
(64.8) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		26.5
(79.7) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.1
(77.2) 		22.3
(72.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		14.5
(58.1) 		21.2
(70.1)
Record low °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5) 		4.3
(39.7) 		5.1
(41.2) 		11.4
(52.5) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.2
(66.6) 		22.6
(72.7) 		22.4
(72.3) 		17.3
(63.1) 		13.6
(56.5) 		6.7
(44.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		4.0
(39.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 35.2
(1.39) 		32.2
(1.27) 		49.3
(1.94) 		129.0
(5.08) 		181.1
(7.13) 		249.5
(9.82) 		236.7
(9.32) 		280.2
(11.03) 		201.2
(7.92) 		90.8
(3.57) 		32.5
(1.28) 		37.1
(1.46) 		1,554.8
(61.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 6.0 8.4 9.4 11.0 14.0 15.4 14.2 16.8 14.0 6.7 5.1 5.2 126.2
Average relative humidity (%) 78 84 86 87 86 85 84 84 81 75 74 73 81
Mean monthly sunshine hours 128.3 98.8 92.0 122.9 180.4 197.6 232.9 212.7 201.3 216.0 183.6 153.8 2,020.3
Percent possible sunshine 38 31 25 32 44 49 57 54 55 60 55 46 46
Source: China Meteorological Administration[4][5]

Culture

[edit]

Language

[edit]

Three main language varieties are spoken in Wuchuan.[6]

  • Baihua 白话: a Yue Chinese dialect
  • Donghua 东话 (also known as Leihua 雷话): a Southern Min Chinese dialect spoken in Lanshi 兰石, Tanba 覃巴, and Wangcungang 王村港
  • Haihua 海话 (also known as Jizhao 吉兆话): spoken on the coast

In Zhanjiang's northern downtown districts, the spoken language is primarily Cantonese, while Leizhou Min is the prestige language in Mazhang District, Leizhou City, and other nearby counties. The dialect spoken in Lianjiang County is Hakka.

The Jianjiang drainage basin is a region where people of Han nationality and other Baiyue ethnic groups have lived together throughout history. Local authorities subordinated to a central government of Han nationality have existed since the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The establishment of local governments such as Luzhou and Gaozhou and their close relationships with Guangzhou have promoted the Hanization of the local Baiyue ethnic groups, leading to the formation of Wuchuan-Huazhou Cantonese, a dialect of Chinese.[7]

Folk Custom

[edit]

Piaose

[edit]

Piaose is a significant folk art form from Guangdong province. Over time, it has largely disappeared from many areas, but it continues to be an integral part of life and culture in Wuchuan. Wuchuan Piaose holds substantial aesthetic, artistic, and humanistic value. It incorporates distinctive imagery based on its origins and composition. However, Wuchuan Piaose also faces challenges from foreign cultural influences, funding issues, publicity, and the need for artistic innovation.

In July 2009, the Wuchuan Piaose team was invited to participate in the Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival.

Clay sculpture

[edit]

Clay sculpture is considered an "original art" form, with its ancient origins reflecting its status as one of the earliest human arts. Clay sculpture not only documents folk life but also creates a vibrant artistic space. The regional and stable nature of clay sculpture art represents the values and aesthetic experiences of its people. Protecting its "cultural difference" and aesthetic diversity is crucial for the preservation and survival of contemporary clay sculpture art in China.[8]

Years-cases

[edit]

Years-cases are traditional activities unique to western Guangdong, centered around local deities. This festival features elaborate sacrificial ceremonies and rituals that are performed as a unified event. Years-cases consist of four main components: the gods of years-cases, the rituals, the opera, and the feast.

The gods of years-cases form the core of the festival. This chapter focuses on the evolution of the gods' images, which have become increasingly complex. There are two major patterns in the changes of these images: one involves the combination of multiple gods' images, while the other features different gods within the same ritual. These changes reflect the evolving ideas and concepts of the community.

The parade of gods is the most crucial part of the years-cases ritual, embodying the community's culture and beliefs. Field surveys of Beiyue village's rituals will be used as examples to examine these patterns. Further studies are planned on the secularization and commercialization of years-cases.

The opera of years-cases primarily involves nighttime performances. The ritual and opera must complement each other, with actors also serving as priests. The opera allegorizes the themes of years-cases.

The feast of years-cases is also a ritual, where food is symbolically consumed. This process reflects local eating habits and supports the pig and poultry industries in Wuchuan.[9]

Historic locations

[edit]
  • Maoshan Ancient Academy: A library established 1,700 years ago by Wang Jun. It is located in Bo Pu Zhen, Wuchuan.
  • Xiangshan Ancient Temple: Originally built in 283, the Xiangshan Temple has been rebuilt several times. It is currently situated in Popu, Wuchuan.

Famous persons

[edit]
  • Lin Shaotang (1786–1872), an ethnic Putianese from Wu Yang Zhen, was one of the champions of the Imperial Examination. He was one of the few overseas ethnic Putian Min champions.
  • Chen Lanbin (1816–1895) was a minister and scholar of the late Qing dynasty, born in Huang Po Zhen. He was the first Chinese ambassador to the United States.
  • Li Hanhun (1894–1987) graduated from Baoding Army Officer School in 1919. In 1926, he participated in the Northern Expedition. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he served as an army colonel, commander of an Army Group, and chairman of the Guangdong provincial government.
  • Liu Huaqiu (1939–) is the deputy director of the Center for International Economic Exchanges.
  • Yu Yilong (1965–) is a renowned Chinese hard pen calligrapher.

Education

[edit]

As of 2013, Wuchuan has 468 schools at all levels, including 1 teacher training school, 11 middle schools, and 296 primary schools. The total student enrollment is 206,202, comprising 97,778 high school students, 77,179 primary school students, and a number of nursery school students.

  • Wuchuan No. 1 Middle School: Founded on November 11, 1927, Wuchuan No. 1 Middle School is the most renowned school in Wuchuan. Each year, approximately 3,000 students graduate from this school, and many of them gain admission to prestigious universities.
  • Wuchuan No. 3 Middle School: Established in 1964, Wuchuan No. 3 Middle School has developed rapidly and is considered one of the top middle schools in Wuchuan.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also formerly romanized as Woo-chuen[1] and Wu-ch'uen.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Gützlaff, Charles (1838), China Opened, p. 527
  2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kwang-Tung" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XV (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  3. ^ "China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
  4. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  5. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  6. ^ Shao Lanzhu [邵兰珠]. 2016. Guangdong Jizhaohua yanjiu [广东吉兆话研究]. M.A. dissertation: Guangxi University for Nationalities [广西民族大学].
  7. ^ Li, Jian. "history of forming of Wuchuan-Huazhou Cantonese". Zhanjiang Teachers' College Journal. 35 (1006-4702（2014）04-0107-04). Retrieved. 2014-12-25.
  8. ^ Lin, Jifu. from clay to art. journal of yangtze university. p. 22. Retrieved. 2014-12-25.
  9. ^ Chen, Hanwei. the transition of Zhanjiang's Years-cases. Guangxi Normal university. p. 5. Retrieved. 2015-01-13.
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